Presented to: UC Davis Aviation Symposium By: Michael Valencia & Dianna Johnston Date:
Overview Part 1 Air Traffic Controllers History Safety and Navigation Terminology Air Traffic Facility Types Equipment Separation Rules Part 2 Air Traffic Procedures History Types of Procedures Navigation Systems ( old NAS, new NAS ) 2
Air Traffic Controllers - History Archie League, St. Louis 1929 3
Safety and Navigation Keep aircraft safe from: Other aircraft Terrain Weather Debris, wildlife Wake turbulence Navigation getting to the right airport 4
Terminology IFR Instrument Flight Rules Weather, Instrument Meteorological Conditions, IMC Aircraft equipment, pilot qualifications Flight plan Separation requirements Charts VFR Visual Flight Rules 5
Terminology Airspace Regulatory airspace (classes) Operational (delegated) airspace Special Use airspace Airspace Redesign projects 6
Terminology 7
Air Traffic Facility Types Towers. ATCTs At many, not all, airports Responsible for aircraft on the ground and close to the airport Approach Controls. TRACONs At some airports with towers Responsible for airborne aircraft out to 20-50 miles Consolidated TRACONs Centers. ARTCCs Everywhere there is not a TRACON 8
Air Traffic Facility Types 9
Air Traffic Facility Types 10
Air Traffic Facility Types 11
Air Traffic Facility Types 12
Radars Equipment Airborne aircraft location, ASR and ARSR Surface aircraft location, ASDE ADS-B Weather conditions Wind, microbursts Ceiling and visibility Communication Radios, phones Digital data, FDIO, D-ATIS, IDS 13
Equipment Control panels Lighting NAVAID monitors Automation 14
IFR vs VFR Wake Turbulence Radar vs non-radar Departure rules Arrival rules Parallel finals Separation Rules 15
Air Traffic Procedures - History 16
Departure Types of Procedures Standard Instrument Departures, SIDs Radar Vectors Enroute Airways Direct Arrival Standard Terminal Arrivals, STARs Instrument Approaches, IAPs 17
Current Flows Types of Procedures 18
Atlanta Arrival Routes Types of Procedures RNAV Routes Jets at 14,000 Jets at 12,000 Props at 11,000 West Operation Arrival Routes Jets at 12,000 Jets at 13,000 Props at 9,000 RNAV / Non RNAV Routes Jets at 14,000 Props at 11,000 Jets at 12,000 Props at 8,000 19
Atlanta Arrival Routes Types of Procedures RNAV Routes RNAV / Non RNAV Routes Jets at 13,000 Jets at 12,000 Props at 9,000 Jets at 12,000 Jets at 14,000 Props at 11,000 Jets at 12,000 Props at 8,000 East Operation Jets at 14,000 Props at 11,000 20
Current Flows Types of Procedures 21
Conventional VOR ILS NextGen RNAV GPS RNP Navigation Systems 22
Performance Based Navigation: A Key Building Block of NextGen Conventional RNAV Waypoints RNP Narrower protected areas Current Ground- Based NAVAIDs Seamless Vertical Path Curved Paths Limited Design Flexibility Increased Airspace Efficiency Optimized Use of Airspace 23
AREA NAVIGATION ROUTE 24
GPS CONSTELLATION 25
REQUIRED NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE Required (RNP) Navigation Performance (RNP) The term RNP can be used many ways, for example: navigation performance accuracy RNP type airspace (containment areas) can include the capability of both the available 26
U.S. Standard RNP RNAV Types U.S. STANDARD RNP RNAV TYPES Table 1 RNP RNAV Type Applicability/ Typical Operation Normal Performance 95% Accuracy Airborne Containment Region RNP 2 RNAV En route 2 NM +/- 4 NM RNP 1 RNAV Terminal Area SID, STAR, Missed Approach Segment, & Other Segments 1 NM +/- 2 NM RNP - 0.3 RNAV Approach Final Approach Segment 0.3 NM +/- 0.6 NM 27