RECREATIONAL TRAILS MASTER PLAN

District of West Kelowna RECREATIONAL TRAILS MASTER PLAN November 2013

This page is intentionally blank to support double-sided printing.

Acknowledgements District of West Kelowna Staff Team Mark Roberts, Project Manager Nancy Henderson, Director of Development Services Dallas Clowes, Senior Planner We would like to thank staff of the Regional District of Central Okanagan, Westbank First Nation, and the Province, members of stakeholder groups, and the many community residents who provided input to this plan through workshops, meetings, the web survey, and other correspondence. Recreational Trails Master Plan i

ii District of West Kelowna

CONTENTS Executive Summary Table of Contents v 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Context & Purpose of the Project 1 1.2 Planning Process 4 2.0 Existing Trail System 5 2.1 DWK Trails 6 2.2 RDCO Regional Parks 6 2.3 Trails on Crown Land 7 2.4 Westbank First Nation 7 2.5 Informal Trails 7 3.0 Trail System Framework 9 3.1 Goals 9 3.2 Trail Network Objectives 10 3.3 Trail locations & Types 10 3.4 Construction Standards 10 3.5 Trail Rating System 14 3.6 Trail Framework Summary 16 4.0 Implementation 17 4.1 Implementation Methods 17 4.2 Funding Strategies 18 4.3 Trail System Management 21 4.4 Crown Land Trails 21 4.5 Operational Actions 22 4.6 Estimated Trail Development Costs 27 4.7 Implementation Plan 28 4.8 Phase 1: Short-Term Trail Connections (Years 1-10) 29 4.9 Phase 2: Medium-Term Trail Connections (Years 11-20) 38 4.10 Phase 3: Long-Term Trail Connections (20+ Years) 46 5.0 Design Guidelines 47 5.1 Trail Siting 47 5.2 Signs & Kiosks 51 5.3 Trail Heads, Viewpoints & Rest Areas 52 5.4 Structures 53 5.5 Environmental Protection & Enhancement 57 APPENDICES 61 Appendix A: Maps 62 Appendix B: Consultation Summary 71 Appendix C: Typical trail design guidelines 73 Appendix D: IMBA Trail Rating System 76 Appendix E: Trail Network Management 77 Appendix F: Preliminary Trail Construction Costs 81 Appendix G: Preliminary Trail Maintenance Costs 84 Recreational Trails Master Plan iii

Executive Summary FIGURES Figure 1: Context Map 2 Figure 2: Planning Process 4 TABLES Table 1: Length of Existing Trails in the DWK 5 Table 2: Trail Locations & Types 10 Table 3: Design Standards for Major Multi-Use Trails 11 Table 4: Design Standards for Narrow Multi-Use Trails 12 Table 5: Design Standards for Nature Trails 13 Table 6: Trail Rating System 15 Table 7: Trail Framework Summary 16 Table 8: Operational Actions 23 Table 9: Estimated Trail Costs 27 Table 10: Implementation Phases 28 Table 11: Total Proposed Trail Summary 28 Table 12: Short-Term Trail Connections (Years 1-10) 29 Table 13: Medium-Term Trail Connections (Years 11-20) 38 Table 14: Types of Trail Heads 52 Table 15: Recommended Fencing Options 54 Table 16: Map Summary Table 62 Table 17: IMBA Trail Ratings 76 Table 18: Preliminary Trail Construction Costs 81 Table 19: Major Multi-Use Trail Estimate 82 Table 20: Narrow Multi-Use Trail Estimate (Paved - More Urban Areas) 82 Table 21: Narrow Multi-Use Trail Estimate (Granular - More Rural Areas) 83 Table 22: Nature Trail 83 Table 23: Major Multi-Use Trail Maintenance Estimate Assumptions 84 Table 24: Narrow Multi-Use Trail Maintenance Estimate Assumptions 85 Table 25: Nature Trail Maintenance Estimate Assumptions 85 iv District of West Kelowna

Executive Summary EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This project is a community-wide Recreational Trails Master Plan (RTMP) for the District of West Kelowna (DWK) that links parks, recreation areas, neighbourhoods, schools, shopping areas, and open spaces, while respecting and enhancing environmentally sensitive areas. The RTMP will guide improvements to the trail network and increase connectivity through and beyond the community. CONSULTATION PROCESS The consultation process for this project was varied to support the development of a plan that reflects the goals and aspirations of stakeholders and a wide range of residents. There were two stages of consultation that included workshops and web surveys. Consultation opportunities were broadcast through traditional methods and social media. Recreational Trails Master Plan v

Executive Summary GOALS The goals of the Recreational Trails Master Plan fit with the community s vision and align with related District of West Kelowna plans, including the Official Community Plan (OCP): 1. Provide a connected trail system on publicly accessible land with links to all parts of the community. 2. Establish the trail system as a destination for residents and visitors, with natural attractions and varied, year-round recreation opportunities. 3. Provide readily accessible information about the trails to support way-finding. 4. Provide opportunities for people of all ages, abilities and lifestyles to experience trails in West Kelowna safely, securely and comfortably. 5. Improve the quality and consistency of trail maintenance, with sufficient resources to maintain trail assets. 6. Integrate trail planning with efforts to protect natural areas and green space. 7. Take steps to improve responsibility and reduce conflicts among trail users. 8. Encourage and support the involvement of user groups in trail stewardship. 9. Establish good relations and pursue partnerships among the DWK, trail users, volunteers, neighbouring municipalities, RDCO, WFN, the Province and the development community. TRAIL LOCATION & TYPES The DWK's recreational trails network is comprised of off-road trails and trails within road rights-of-ways (ROWs). Map 1: Trail Locations and Types (see Appendix A) illustrates the proposed recreational trail network. vi District of West Kelowna

Executive Summary CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS Three recreational trail types are proposed in the RTMP. Map 2: Trail Construction Standards (see Appendix A) illustrates the proposed trail construction standards. Major Multi-Use Trail Major Multi-Use Trails are wide with a smooth surface to accommodate high use and universal accessibility. Narrow Multi-Use Trail Narrow Multi-Use Trails are for moderate use, and have a narrower crosssection with acceptable surfacing materials ranging from paving to granular materials. Nature Trail Nature Trails are narrow with a natural surface for lower levels of use, typically for hiking and mountain-biking. Recreational Trails Master Plan vii

Executive Summary TRAIL RATING SYSTEM The RTMP trail rating system has three levels of difficulty, consistent with typical trail rating standards: Green Circle is the easiest, with gentle slopes and firm surfaces Blue Square is moderately difficult, with moderate slopes and typically granular surfaces Black Diamond is the most difficult, with steeper slopes and looser surfaces Map 3: Trail Rating System (see Appendix A) illustrates the proposed trail ratings. TRAIL NETWORK MANAGEMENT Guidelines are outlined for managing use and maintenance of the trail system. The key approach to managing use is to prepare, post and distribute codes of conduct. Use of the trail system will be largely self-administered, with DWK assistance in addressing conflicts as needed. PROPOSED TRAIL NETWORK Today the District of West Kelowna has about 196.7 km of existing recreational trails within its boundaries. These routes include off-road trails, roadside trails and sidewalks on DWK, RDCO and Crown lands. The RTMP identifies 151.5 km of proposed new trail additions to the system, as well as upgrades to the existing network. Based on this plan, in the long-term, the DWK will have almost 350 km of recreational trails. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY The implementation strategy outlines the funding strategies, costs, phases and actions required to achieve the goals of the RTMP, with a focus on shortand medium-term priorities. The trail network will be implemented by: Building trails on DWK land, including along road corridors; Collaborating with private landowners and developers to obtain trails on land that is currently private; Working with adjacent jurisdictions to link trails across municipal boundaries; and Creating agreements with the Province for trails on Crown land. One of the most important recommendations for the short-term is development and implementation of a signage system and provision of information about the trails to the public. The implementation plan assigns priorities to meet current allocated budgets for trail development. Budget allocations should be increased where funding becomes available through grants, fundraising, donations, or other means. If additional funding is available, Phase 2 and 3 priorities should be completed sooner than shown in the plan. Map 4: Implementation Overview (see Appendix A) illustrates the proposed phasing for trail development. DESIGN GUIDELINES Design guidelines are provided for: Trail siting and layout; Signs and kiosks, trail heads, viewpoints and rest areas; Structures; and Environmental protection and enhancement. The guidelines address accessibility, safety and security, and are based on environmental best management practices. viii District of West Kelowna

Introduction 1.0 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 CONTEXT & PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT The Recreational Trails Master Plan (RTMP) has been created by the District of West Kelowna (DWK) to improve connectivity between and within parks, recreation areas, neighbourhoods, schools, shopping areas, and open spaces, while respecting and enhancing environmentally sensitive areas. Extensive but unconnected trails exist within DWK parks and on rights-of-way in residential neighbourhoods, in Regional District of Central Okanagan (RDCO) parks, on Crown Land, on Westbank First Nation (WFN) land and on private land (in trespass). Many of the existing trails are not well documented nor publicly advertised. The plan area includes all lands within the District of West Kelowna; however, the DWK does not dictate what happens on Crown, RDCO, WFN or private lands with respect to trail locations and design. The recommendations in this plan focus on improving the quality and quantity of trails on public land owned by the DWK and working with other government bodies and land owners to achieve trail linkages that contribute to the overall network. Recreational Trails Master Plan 1

1.0 Introduction Figure 1: Context Map 2 District of West Kelowna

Introduction 1.0 Opportunities The DWK has outstanding trail opportunities due to its location and physical characteristics. Improvement of West Kelowna's recreational trail network will enhance quality of life for residents, help draw tourism, sporting, cultural and recreational events to the community and attract commercial and development interests. The tourism values associated with trails have been recognized through several initiatives. Westside Tourism produced a Westside Trail Guide, which has been very well received. DWK, in partnership with local wineries and others, is currently constructing a Wine Trail a route that will be designed for driving or cycling between West Kelowna's wineries. As noted in the DWK s Parks and Recreation Master Plan, trails require relatively small investments and offer benefits to community residents and visitors. Importance of Safe Routes Public consultation for this project indicated that there are many avid bikers and walkers in the DWK who would like to bike and walk more than they do currently. One of the major deterrents is concern about safety along road corridors. In order to support more commuting to work, recreational trail use, and walking or biking to schools, shops, and other destinations, an integrated on- and off-road trail network is recommended. Need for Connectivity and Integration One of the primary challenges in the DWK is to connect the many existing trails and to provide loop trail opportunities. This involves integrating all types of trails and routes, including those on DWK parks and road corridors, RDCO parks, Crown land, Westbank First Nation land, and those currently on private land. Coordination, communication and synergy among the various landowners will benefit both the existing and future recreational trail system. District of West Kelowna Resources As a new municipality, the DWK does not have significant capital reserves. For this reason, it is important to identify opportunities for partnerships and innovative methods to fund and support trail development. Section 4.2 of this plan outlines strategies for funding and development of West Kelowna's recreational trail system. Recreational Trails Master Plan 3

1.0 Introduction 1.2 PLANNING PROCESS The analysis and overall direction for the RTMP is based on a community consultation process, combined with input from DWK staff and Council, current best practices and alignment with DWK plans and policies including the Official Community Plan, Parks & Recreation Master Plan and Draft Transportation Master Plan. The communication and consultation process for this project was varied to create a RTMP that reflects the goals and aspirations of stakeholders and a wide range of residents. Opportunities were provided for those who prefer to participate electronically, as well those who attend meetings. The communication and consultation process involved three phases and two sets of consultation, as follows (Figure 2): Figure 2: Planning Process Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Project Initiation Analysis & Draft Directions Final Recreational Trails Master Plan Background Research & Trail Inventory Web Survey Stakeholder & Community Workshops and Web Survey Consultation Phase 1 February 2012 Phase 1 included three workshops with stakeholders and community members. The purpose was to introduce the project and to engage participants in visioning and mapping. The workshop topics included: Strengths of the existing trail system; Challenges of the existing trail system; Vision for the future; and Suggested recommendations for the RTMP. Priorities were identified through an audience response system (also known as live polling ). There were 42 participants in these workshops, and the input is summarized in Appendix B. A web survey covering the same questions was sent to a broad range of stakeholders and was posted on the DWK s website; there were 50 respondents. Consultation Phase 2 June 2012 In the second phase of consultation, a Draft Directions document (containing an analysis, draft directions, and recommendations) and a draft trail network map were posted on the DWK s website for public review. A web survey was also posted on the DWK s website requesting input on the document and priorities for trail improvements and development. Stakeholders and the community were invited to participate in the survey through Castanet, the DWK s website, emails to stakeholders, facebook, twitter, newspaper, and radio ads. There were 85 respondents. 4 District of West Kelowna

Existing Trail System 2.0 2.0 EXISTING TRAIL SYSTEM This section provides an overview of existing trails and their management. Existing trails are illustrated on Map 1: Trail Locations & Types (see Appendix A). The DWK has a significant network of existing trails, paths and sidewalks on publicly-owned land totaling almost 200 kilometres. These include off-road trails and routes within road rights-of-ways (ROWs). Off-road trails include routes within DWK parks, RDCO parks and on Crown Lands. Road ROW trails include trails alongside or within road ROWs; and sidewalks, which are currently being reviewed in the Transportation Master Plan. Table 1: Length of Existing Trails in the DWK indicates the approximate length of existing mapped trails, sidewalks and paths. Some trails cross jurisdictions, for example, some staging areas occur on DWK land for trail networks that extend into RDCO Parks, Crown lands or WFN lands. Table 1: Length of Existing Trails in the DWK Trail Location Existing Trails Major Multi- Use Trail Narrow Multi- Use Trail Nature Trail Other Off-Road DWK Trails 2.5 km 8.8 km 10.1 km RDCO Regional Park Trails 42.2 km Trails on Crown Land 2.2 km 122.6 km Road ROW DWK Roadside Trail DWK Sidewalk 8.3 km 2.5 km 19.3 km 132.7 km 42.2 km Note: This table is based on existing mapping data and is provided for information. Information should not be considered to be an exhaustive account of all existing trails. Recreational Trails Master Plan 5

2.0 Existing Trail System 2.1 DWK TRAILS Many of the DWK s trails are within dedicated parks. A majority of the other trails have been acquired and built through development projects. Most of the DWK s trails have gravel or natural surfaces. The most popular trail owned by the DWK is the Gellatly Bay Recreation Corridor, which was part of the Trail 2000 proposal for a continuous route along the shoreline in West Kelowna, from Peachland to Lake Country. Maintenance of DWK trails typically coincides with other initiatives such as wildfire mitigation. Typically, no maintenance crews are dedicated specifically to trails, so trails are maintained as part of regular park maintenance. A certain amount of necessary maintenance is conducted. For example, the surface is maintained on the Gellatly Bay Recreation Corridor, litter is removed upon request and hazard trees are managed. Tree management related to the pine beetle has provided some opportunities for trail upgrading. The DWK has some capacity to organize volunteers who are willing to assist in trail stewardship and maintenance. Some service groups also write grant proposals and hold fund-raising events to support their efforts in trail development and management. 2.2 RDCO REGIONAL PARKS The RDCO has several significant regional parks within West Kelowna, most of which contain trails, e.g., Kalamoir, Rose Valley, Mount Boucherie (northwest portion), Shannon Lake, Raymer, Glen Canyon, and the Gellatly Nut Farm. The RDCO is in the midst of a three-year strategic plan to upgrade visitor services and experiences, especially staging areas and trail access points. Rose Valley is one target park for these upgrades. A Management Plan is in place for Kalamoir and in keeping with the plan, the RDCO completed some upgrades to the waterfront trail. Conservation values in the park are a priority as they are in all RDCO parks. The RDCO has a draft sign standard that could be adapted for use in adjacent jurisdictions by incorporating other brands with logos and graphics. The RDCO also has a trail classification system that is in draft form. Other related RDCO initiatives include the following: A Mountain Bike Strategy for the region that included Rose Valley. A Tourism Strategy is planned for 2013 which will address way-finding signage. I like the ruggedness of the Rose Valley trails, and the easy paved path along Gellatly Park. Survey respondent 6 District of West Kelowna

Existing Trail System 2.0 2.3 TRAILS ON CROWN LAND There are extensive trail networks on Crown land within West Kelowna. Some of the main areas are Rose Valley Reservoir, flume trails, McDougall Rim, Carrot Mountain, Smith Creek, Powers Creek, and Drought Mountain. There are also trails on a significant portion of Mount Boucherie, which is approximately two-thirds Crown land and one-third RDCO park. Crown land routes are informal, unmaintained trails, and many of the trails pass through areas of high ecological sensitivity and wildfire risk. Some of the trails on Crown land receive extensive use by hikers, mountain bikers, equestrians and motorized vehicle users in summer, and by snowshoers and cross-country skiers in winter. The Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations (MFLNRO) supports recreational trail planning and management. The MFLNRO may form partnerships with West Kelowna, and with user groups and non-profit groups, to identify and formalize the interface trails between Crown and urban lands. A Section 57 application to the MFLNRO initiates a process of formalizing existing trails on Crown lands. The trails help people to get out and enjoy the wonderful environment in which we live. Survey respondent 2.4 WESTBANK FIRST NATION WFN has identified pedestrian safety as a priority and appreciates the importance of a connected trails system. A forthcoming Parks and Recreation Plan will address trails and connectivity within WFN to existing West Kelowna, RDCO and Crown Trails. In the future, the WFN may adopt trail standards and a sign system. WFN has recently built a multi-use path along Boucherie Road, working collaboratively to match the existing Gellatly Bay Recreation Corridor trail standard. Future trail plans for WFN include retention of a protected corridor along McDougall Creek with 15 m riparian setbacks and a trail. WFN has a Community Forest (logging tenure) over most of the Crown land in the north and west parts of the community. This does not preclude recreation and forestry from coexisting. WFN acts as a referral agency for any proposals, and forestry activities are typically required to protect recreational opportunities as part of their forest licence. 2.5 INFORMAL TRAILS There are numerous unsanctioned trails in the DWK that trespass on private land. Some of these trails are located on Goat s Peak, part of Drought Mountain, part of Mount Boucherie, and the Smith Creek area. Unsanctioned trails are a concern to property owners and the DWK. This issue is discussed in more detail in Appendix E: Trail Network Management. Recreational Trails Master Plan 7

2.0 Existing Trail System The trail system exists! It is expanding. It is well-used in certain locations. Survey respondent 8 District of West Kelowna

Trail System Framework 3.0 3.0 TRAIL SYSTEM FRAMEWORK This section outlines overall goals for the Recreational Trails Master Plan and describes three characteristics of recreational trails: location and type, construction standards and rating. 3.1 GOALS The goals of the RTMP are based on the community s vision and align with related DWK plans: 1. Provide a connected trail system on publicly accessible land with links to all parts of the community. 2. Establish the trail system as a destination for residents and visitors, with natural attractions and varied, year-round recreation opportunities. 3. Provide readily accessible information about the trails to support way-finding. 4. Provide opportunities for people of all ages, abilities and lifestyles to experience trails in West Kelowna safely, securely and comfortably. 5. Improve the quality and consistency of trail maintenance, with sufficient resources to maintain trail assets. 6. Integrate trail planning with efforts to protect natural areas and green space. 7. Take steps to improve responsibility and reduce conflicts among trail users. 8. Encourage and support the involvement of user groups in trail stewardship. 9. Establish good relations and pursue partnerships among the DWK, trail users, volunteers, neighbouring municipalities, RDCO, WFN, the Province and the development community. Recreational Trails Master Plan 9

3.0 Trail System Framework 3.2 TRAIL NETWORK OBJECTIVES Future trail development will endeavour to close gaps within the existing system based on the following trail network objectives: 1. Establish a continuous shoreline trail where possible and as outlined in the Waterfront Plan. 2. Route trails through natural areas wherever possible, avoiding or mitigating negative impacts to Environmentally Sensitive Areas. 3. Provide sidewalks and paths through urban areas. 4. Provide safe routes to schools, neighbourhood centres, parks and recreation centres. 5. Develop road corridor trails in locations that have potentially high pedestrian and cycling use and/or safety concerns. 6. Link on-road bike lanes and sidewalks with offroad trails. 7. Create connectivity with WFN, Kelowna and Peachland. 8. Re-establish heritage trail routes. 3.3 TRAIL LOCATIONS & TYPES The DWK's trail network is comprised of off-road trails and trails within road rights-of-ways (ROWs). Five types of trails are identified in Table 2 and illustrated on Map 1: Trail Locations & Types (see Appendix A). Table 2: Trail Locations & Types Trail Location Trail Type Description Off-Road DWK Trail Formal trail or pathway in DWK Park. RDCO Trail Formal trail or pathway in RDCO Park. Road ROW Crown Land Trail Roadside Trail Sidewalk Typically informal trails in rural Crown land areas. Trail or pathway separated from the road or within undeveloped road ROW. Urban, paved sidewalk. 3.4 CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS Three recreational trail standards are proposed for the DWK: Major Multi-Use Trails, Narrow Multi- Use Trails and Nature Trails. Different standards are required depending on location and amount and type of use. Each trail standard is described in Tables 3-5 on the following pages, illustrated on Map 2: Trail Construction Standards and typical design details are in Appendix C: Typical Trail Design Guidelines. Off-Road Trails Trails within DWK parks and public lands should be constructed to the standards described in this plan. Trails on lands under other jurisdictions, including RDCO parks and Crown lands, are encouraged to meet the standards of this plan when possible. Road Right of Way Trails The RTMP is to be used in conjunction with the Transportation Master Plan (TMP) as follows: Trails shown within road corridors and identified for improvement/development in this Plan as well as in the TMP should be constructed to the Road Classification Standards identified in TMP. Trails shown within road corridors and identified for improvement in this Plan but NOT in the TMP may be constructed to the Rural Local Road Standard of the TMP with the trail design matching the narrow multi-use pathway standard presented in this plan. Trail Connections on Local Roads Where local roads form key linkages, and no trails or sidewalks exist, two options should be considered: Construct new pathways to the local road standard which may require reclamation of landscaped yards that extend into the road ROW and will have higher costs; or Install signage and/or pavement markings to identify shared roadways and direct pedestrians to connecting trails. This approach will have lower costs, but may lead to conflict between vehicles and trail users. The approach used should be determined case-bycase, based on cost, opportunities, constraints and potential conflicts. 10 District of West Kelowna

Trail System Framework 3.0 MAJOR MULTI-USE TRAIL Clear: 1m min. Trail Width: 3m - 5m ROW: 7m min. & 10m pref. Clear: 1m min. Table 3: Design Standards for Major Multi-Use Trails Criteria Location: Major routes through parks or the waterfront Level of Use: High Type of Use: Walking Jogging Cycling Strollers Wheelchairs Scooters In-line skating (where possible) Maintenance vehicles Trail Width Unobstructed Clear Width Clear Height ROW Width Surfacing Base Longitudinal Slope Accessibility Infrastructure Maintenance Example Notes 3 to 5 metres 1 metre min. on each side of trail 2.5 metres or more on each side of trail preferred 2.4 metres 7 metres min. 10 metres preferred Or within road ROW Paved Well-compacted aggregate (e.g. decomposed granite or recycled asphalt grindings) Solid, well-draining granular base 150 mm depth min. Up to 5% typ. Short ramps to 8% Universal Benches Viewpoints Bollards Waste/Recycling Receptacles Signs (directional, instructional, interpretive) Lighting (as appropriate) High - Snow clearing, sweeping Gellatly Bay Recreation Corridor Trail and ROW Widths may vary based on ground conditions and property constraints. Preferred widths to be provided where there are no constraints. Recreational Trails Master Plan 11

3.0 Trail System Framework NARROW MULTI-USE TRAIL Criteria Location: Community or neighbourhood connectors Major creek corridors Major routes through natural areas Irrigation flumes Level of Use: Moderate Type of Use: Walking Jogging Hiking Cycling Wheelchairs (where possible) Scooters (where possible) Strollers (where possible) Equestrian (where designated) Clear: 0.5m min. Trail Width: 1m - 2m Clear: 0.5m min. ROW: 7.5m pref. & wider in natural areas Table 4: Design Standards for Narrow Multi-Use Trails Trail Width Unobstructed Clear Width Clear Height ROW Width Surfacing Base Longitudinal Slope Accessibility Infrastructure Maintenance Example Notes 1 to 2 metres 0.5 metre min. on each side of trail Total 1.5 meter min. for maintenance service access 2.4 metres 7.5 metres preferred Wider in natural areas to maintain natural character Compacted aggregate (e.g. gravel) Asphalt (urban or neighbourhood connectors) Granular base Up to 10% typ. Short ramps to 15% Universal where terrain permits Benches Viewpoints Bollards Waste/Recycling Receptacles Signs (directional, instructional, interpretive) Low to Moderate (depending on location) Urban/Residential Trails (paved): snow clearing, sweeping Park/Rural Trails (unpaved): occasional resurfacing, grading Tallus Ridge This trail standard will not be constructed within road right of ways. Road cross-section standards will be followed in those situations. Trail and ROW Widths may vary based on ground conditions and property constraints. Preferred widths to be provided where there are no constraints. 12 District of West Kelowna

Trail System Framework 3.0 NATURE TRAIL Clear: 0.5m min. Trail Width: 0.3m - 1m Clear: 0.5m min. ROW: 10m min. where applicable Criteria Location: Natural areas Corridors of minor creeks Level of Use: Low Type of Use: Walking Jogging Hiking Mountain biking Table 5: Design Standards for Nature Trails Trail Width Unobstructed Clear Width Clear Height ROW Width Surfacing Base Longitudinal Slope Accessibility Infrastructure Maintenance Example Notes 0.3 to 1 metres 0.5 metre min. on each side of trail Total 1.5 meter min. for maintenance service access 2.4 metres N/a in parks or Crown land areas 10 metres min. in urban areas to provide natural setting Compacted native soil Aggregate or mulch where needed Native material 20% max. typ. Typically for physically-able Occasional benches Viewpoints Bollards/stiles (as needed) Stairs (as needed) Occasional Waste/ Recycling Receptacles Signs (directional, instructional, interpretive) Low Occasional repair to address erosion/vegetation Shannon Highlands Park Trail and ROW Widths may vary based on ground conditions and property constraints. Preferred widths to be provided where there are no constraints. Recreational Trails Master Plan 13

3.0 Trail System Framework It is very important that the trails can be used by all members of the community according to their level of fitness and comfort (and visitors too!). Survey respondent 3.5 TRAIL RATING SYSTEM Trail rating systems help visitors select trails based on their abilities and interests. Therefore, ratings are an important tool in managing risk. By informing visitors what trail conditions to expect, ratings reduce the likelihood of injury and increase the enjoyment and experience of the user. Many trail rating systems are designed for mountain biking; stakeholders and community members in West Kelowna indicated that it would be desirable to apply ratings to pedestrian uses as well. The proposed trail rating scheme shown in Table 6: Trail Rating System is consistent with the Kelowna Mountain Bike Strategy (2008), Whistler Trail Standards (2003), IMBA (International Mountain Biking Association) standards, B.C. Ministry of Forests, Recreation Manual (2000), and the draft RDCO trail standards. However, the proposed rating scheme is simpler than the other systems, with three levels instead of five, to incorporate pedestrian standards into the system. For trails that are primarily for mountain bikers, IMBA standards (see Appendix D) should be used. Map 3: Trail Rating System (see Appendix A) illustrates proposed ratings for trails (excluding RDCO park trails as these ratings will be forthcoming in the RDCO plan). In some cases, existing trails may need upgrading or rerouting to meet the desired trail rating. As a component of ongoing trail maintenance, an assessment of existing trails should be completed to verify ratings and confirm where upgrades are required to meet the proposed standards. 14 District of West Kelowna

Trail System Framework 3.0 Trail ratings are related to some degree by trail construction standards. For example: Major Multi-Use trails will typically have the easiest rating, green circle, as they are designed to accommodate the greatest range of users, requiring them to have a wide, firm surface and gentle grades Narrow Multi-Use trails will typically be either rated Green Circle or Blue Square, depending on aspects such as trail surfacing, grade and width. Nature trails will typically be either Blue Square or Black Diamond as they can have variable surfacing, potential obstacles and steep grades. Table 6: Trail Rating System GREEN CIRCLE BLUE SQUARE BLACK DIAMOND Related trail construction standards Appropriate user groups Trail description Trail surface Minimum constructed width Maximum grade (for pedestrians, for mountain biking see Appendix D) Pedestrian/Multi-Use Bridges Major Multi-Use Trail Narrow Multi-Use Trail Walkers Joggers Mobility constrained (e.g., wheelchairs and strollers) Beginner and recreational cyclists Gentle slopes No obstacles within the trail Firm and stable Paving or compacted aggregates 1.2 metres (Narrow Multi- Use Trail) 3 metres (Major Multi-Use Trail) Up to 5% Up to 8% for short sections 1.2 m minimum width Narrow Multi-Use Trail Nature Trail Walkers Hikers Trail joggers Intermediate cyclists Moderate slopes No obstacles within the trail Mostly stable Compacted aggregates or loose gravel 0.5 metres (Nature Trail) 1.0 metres (Narrow Multi- Use Trail) Up to 12% Up to 20% for short sections 0.5 m minimum width Nature Trail Experienced hikers Advanced/expert cyclists High level of fitness required Steep slopes Can include long steep climbs and descents Loose trail surfaces Potential obstacles Variable surface of native material Can include roots and rocks 0.3 metres (Nature Trail) Up to 20% over a maximum of 30 m 0.3 m minimum width Recreational Trails Master Plan 15

3.0 Trail System Framework 3.6 TRAIL FRAMEWORK SUMMARY In summary, each trail within the DWK can be described by three key characteristics: location/type (see Map 1), construction standard (see Map 2) and rating (see Map 3). Table 7: Trail Framework Summary shows the typical relationship between the three key characteristics. Table 7: Trail Framework Summary Off-Road Trails Road ROW Trails Major Multi-Use Narrow Multi-Use Nature Major Multi-Use Narrow- Multi-Use Possible Trail Ratings 16 District of West Kelowna

Implementation 4.0 4.0 IMPLEMENTATION 4.1 IMPLEMENTATION METHODS The RTMP identifies 151.5 km of proposed new trail additions to the system, as well as upgrades to the existing network. Based on this plan, in the long-term, the DWK will have almost 350 km of recreational trails. The implementation strategy identifies the steps and resources required to achieve the goals of the RTMP. As it will take many years to construct all of the trails recommended in this plan, the focus is on the next 10 years. This plan is complementary with the OCP, Transportation Master Plan, Parks and Recreation Master Plan and Waterfront Plan, among others, and in some cases, it may be possible to implement the recommendations of multiple plans through key projects. The following are the primary mechanisms through which this plan may be implemented: On DWK Land Use capital funds for land acquisition and trail construction as determined and set through the DWK's annual priority setting process. Use other funding sources identified in Section 4.2: Funding Strategies administered by the DWK, for trail construction Construct trails and sidewalks as part of the DWK s road improvement projects. On Private Land Acquire land for trail corridors through the subdivision and development application approval process. Encourage developers to build trails throughout their development. Negotiate agreements for trails on private land. On Crown Land Establish agreements with the Crown for trail planning, construction and/or management. Recreational Trails Master Plan 17

4.0 Implementation 4.2 FUNDING STRATEGIES To accomplish the trail network in this plan, the DWK will need to actively pursue innovative methods for funding for the acquisition of corridors and construction of trail infrastructure. The following list provides a brief description of potential funding sources and strategies: DWK Capital Property tax is the DWK s principle source of revenue for providing community services. Property tax can be used for many different municipal improvements and must be balanced among community needs. Parkland Dedication at Subdivision Per Section 941 of the Local Government Act and the OCP, the DWK requires a dedication of up to 5% of the site area for park space if a property is being subdivided into three or more lots. The Parks and Recreation Master Plan recommends that trail corridors be secured as part of the transportation system in addition to the 5% park dedication; this plan supports that recommendation. Cash-in-lieu of the 5% park land dedication at subdivision can be used for parkland to support trails. Development Cost Charges (DCCs) The DWK collects DCCs from development projects for infrastructure improvements necessitated by community growth. The Local Government Act sections 932 to 937 enable municipalities to collect DCCs for parkland acquisition and minor improvements, which may include trails, fencing, landscaping, drainage, and washrooms. Parcel Tax A parcel tax levies a fixed charge per property within a community for a special project. This tax allows funds for a specific purpose to be raised, without increasing general property taxes. It results in a Local Service area and requires the support of the neighbourhood. The use of a parcel tax can alleviate public fears that funds raised through general property taxes may not be directed to a specific project and provides a fixed time frame for the implementation of the levy. A parcel tax can be used for capital improvement projects such as sidewalks or trails. I think this plan is a great beginning but it shouldn t be the end as there should be further reviews and additions as the enthusiasm for trails increases. Survey respondent 18 District of West Kelowna

Implementation 4.0 Grants The Province of BC, Federation of Canadian Municipalities, Government of Canada, and other government and non-government organizations offer grants for capital or planning projects. Trail projects could attract funds related to alternative transportation, public infrastructure, the environment, sustainability initiatives and parks. The Regional Gas Tax has been used by many communities to support trail construction, including the City of Kelowna. In West Kelowna, Regional Gas Tax funds have been focused on utility upgrade projects to date as the community transitions from an unincorporated area, but future spending of the funds could include trail development. Coordination among Departments Various DWK departments, including Development Services, Engineering and Operations have responsibilities that may overlap with planning, design, development and management of trails. Coordination with Infrastructure Upgrades Major infrastructure improvements such as road construction or upgrades may provide opportunities for trails. These could be sidewalks adjacent to the road, sidewalks with a green boulevard, or trails separated from the road edge but still within the road right-of-way. Many of the proposed trails on DWK land are along road corridors. Corporate & Private Donations and Bequests Corporations, organizations and individuals are sometimes willing to contribute assets to the community. An organized donation program can help to attract these opportunities. For example, corporate sponsorships can be sought, along with a method to acknowledge their support, e.g., trail brochure could list corporate donors and partners, sponsorship of special events in association with trail improvements. Information on the DWK s website could be provided on donation and bequest opportunities. All new development should include trail development. Survey respondent Recreational Trails Master Plan 19

4.0 Implementation Use of Private Land A significant number of existing informal trails in the DWK trespass on private land. The following are some potential tools for acquiring access to private land: Some private landowners may be willing to preserve their lands through donations, land preservation agreements or conservation covenants. Federal and provincial tax laws allow individuals and corporations to deduct from their taxable income for gifts of property in specific circumstances, including environmental protection. This, of course, is dependent on a willing landowner. Within the Local Government Act, the Regional Parks and Regional Trails Regulation grants regional districts the power to acquire, by lease, easement, statutory right of way, licence or permit, an interest or right in land to be used for a regional park or regional trail service. This is one mechanism that may be used in partnership with the RDCO to acquire trail connections on through negotiation with the landowner. Some municipalities provide tax relief to private landowners who accept public use of trails on their land. This would need to be negotiated with the landowner and approved by Council. Where a corridor is or can be routed along one edge of a private property, it may be possible for the DWK to buy the property, subdivide the corridor, and sell the remainder of the property. This is dependent on a property owner willing to sell their land and it can require a significant cash outlay. There is also a risk to the DWK that land values may change. Partnerships Partnerships involve working with other governments, landowners and local organizations on mutually beneficial projects. The following groups are potential partners and some already have partnership agreements with the DWK: Province of BC: The DWK has been communicating with the Province regarding trails on Crown land, and there is mutual interest in collaboration. The Land Act has provisions for a Licence of Occupation on Crown land for specific purposes; however, that tool is more applicable to commercial recreation ventures than to public trails. RDCO: The RDCO collaborates with the DWK on park planning to integrate regional and community parks and trails in the DWK and identify efficiencies. Westbank First Nation: WFN and the DWK share multiple borders and collaboration will be especially important to achieve the goal of a connected trail network. Westside Tourism and Tourism West Kelowna: These groups may be partners for raising funds for trail development and promotion. City of Kelowna/District of Peachland: These municipalities will be key partners in creating trail linkages between communities. Non-profit Organizations: Various community organizations can work with the DWK on trails. Environmental and naturalist groups can help with stewardship and interpretation of environmental, cultural and historical resources. Trail user groups, including hikers, mountain bikers, and equestrians, may be willing to assist with planning, trail construction, stewardship, maintenance, monitoring, conflict resolution, and marketing. Non-profit organizations are often most productive when supported by a municipality, e.g., assistance with grant proposals, organization of volunteer work days, communication, coordination. 20 District of West Kelowna

Implementation 4.0 4.3 TRAIL SYSTEM MANAGEMENT West Kelowna s trail network is accessible to multiple user groups, and it is important that all trail users have quality experiences. As the population grows, increasing and diversifying trail use has the potential to impact trail sharing. Recommendations for managing trail use are outlined in Appendix E: Trail Network Management. 4.4 CROWN LAND TRAILS Consultation during development of the RTMP suggested that Crown land trails are a key piece of West Kelowna's trail network. Existing trails on Crown lands are popular destinations for mountain biking and hiking, providing back country recreation opportunities for residents and visitors. Existing Crown land trails in West Kelowna include: Powers Creek Carrot Mountain Smith Creek Mount Boucherie McDougall Rim While these trails are commonly used, they are not formally protected and improvements and maintenance are unauthorized. The Forests and Range Practices Act (FRPA), administered by the Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations (MFLNRO) governs the activities of forest and range licensees on Crown land. Two options may be considered for improving or managing Crown land trails: Sections 56-58 of the FRPA address recreation on Crown lands. Section 56 enables the minister to establish recreation sites and trails. Established trails receive consideration in resource planning. Typically authorization is in a partnership agreement with an organization that will maintain the trail. Section 57 enables authorization of construction, rehabilitation and maintenance of trails, but does not grant protection for them. Section 58 can restrict specific recreational or non-recreational use of trails (e.g. motorized uses). Recreation Sites and Trails BC has established and maintains recreation sites and trails on Crown land through partnership agreements with regional and local governments, First Nations, forest companies, recreation groups and other parties. The RTMP recommends taking steps to secure initial authorization on existing Crown land trails for management and maintenance through a Section 57 authorization. This authorization would support economic development, by permitting the District to promote the Crown land trails as a recreational asset and undertake maintenance activities. Priorities for securing authorization are identified in Sections 4.8 & 4.9: Short- and Medium-Term Priorities. In 2009, the City of Kelowna and RDCO prepared a Kelowna and Area Mountain Bike Strategy which includes information about mountain biking on the Crown land trails at Powers Creek, Smith Creek and McDougall Rim. In 2007, Bear Creek Trails in West Kelowna was established as a Recreation Site to manage motorized trails that were being damaged from overuse. Recreational Trails Master Plan 21

4.0 Implementation 4.5 OPERATIONAL ACTIONS In addition to developing new trails and upgrading existing trails, operational actions will also be required for a successful trail network. Table 8: Operational Actions provides a list of the action items involved with implementing this Master Plan. Many operational actions do not require direct capital investment; rather, they are based on investment of staff time, maintenance and operations costs. Capital investment will be required for elements like trail upgrades, information and signage, amenities and habitat enhancements. It is recommended that the District allocate $15,000 annually to support implementation of operational improvements to the trail network (see Tables 12 & 13 for implementation budgets). Table Information Each operational action summarized in the table includes recommendations for the priority, phasing, source of funds and responsibility, based on input for the community and analysis by staff and consultants. Abbreviations include: Priority H - High Priority M - Moderate Priority L - Low Priority Source of Funds Cap - Capital funds (taxation) Dev - Development DCC - Development Cost Charges (or cash in lieu) Part - Partnership/volunteer Don - Donation/bequest Gra - Grants Phasing S - Short (1-10 years) M - Medium (11-20 years) L - Long (beyond 20 years) Ongoing - Part of ongoing staff responsibilities Responsible Parties/Partners DWK - DWK staff Prov - Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations RDCO - Regional District of Central Okanagan WFN - Westbank First Nation Priv - Private Developer CoK - City of Kelowna 22 District of West Kelowna

Implementation 4.0 Table 8: Operational Actions Operational Action Priority Phasing 1 DWK BYLAWS 1.1 Amend the OCP to: Exempt trail construction for public purposes from the Development Permit process Encourage new developments to provide trails as an integral part of the transportation system, not part of the required 5% park dedication at time of subdivision (consistent with the Parks & Recreation Master Plan) 1.2 Amend the Transportation Master Plan to accommodate the trail cross sections and alignments shown on Map 1 of this Plan 1.3 Amend the Works & Services Bylaw to consider the trail standards and fencing requirements outlined in Section 5.4 of this Plan and the OCP 1.4 Amend the Works & Services Bylaw to incorporate the Trail Construction Standards outlined in this Plan 1.5 In the review of the Parks Regulation Bylaw, amend the permitted uses of trails to be consistent with current practices 2 DEVELOPMENT APPLICATIONS 2.1 Where informal trails currently exist in areas under development, work with the developer to formalize or reroute trails as appropriate 2.2 Where proposed trails (Map 1) pass through areas under development, work with the developer to formalize and construct trail alignments 2.3 Consider incentives for developers and property owners to offer land for trail development, e.g., density bonus, tax incentive 3 CAPITAL PROJECTS 3.1 During new road development and existing road upgrades, construct road cross-sections with trails as per the Transportation Master Plan to create trail connections identified in this plan and the TMP 3.2 Construct new pathways on local roads that form trail network connections (where trails or sidewalks do not currently exist) to the local road cross-section and as identified in the TMP OR install signage on local roads to identify shared roadways and direct pedestrians to trail connections. Approach to be determined on a case-by-case basis, based on cost, constraints, vehicle/pedestrian conflict, etc. Source of Funds Resp. H S n/a DWK H S n/a DWK H S n/a DWK H S n/a DWK H S n/a DWK H Ongoing Cap, Dev DWK, Priv H Ongoing Cap, DCC Dev, Part, Don DWK, Vol, Priv M Ongoing Cap, Dev DWK, Priv H Ongoing Cap, DCC, Dev, Gra H Ongoing Cap, DCC, Dev, Gra DWK DWK, Priv DWK, Priv Recreational Trails Master Plan 23

4.0 Implementation Operational Action Priority Phasing 3.3 Develop off-road trails identified in this plan. See Table 12: Short-Term Trail Connections (Years 1-10) for priority trails to develop. 3.4 Incorporate trail construction in appropriate locations in association with all wildfire fuel management work 3.5 Explore opportunities to fund major multi use trails as part of projects to provide engineering or fire access 4 SIGNAGE 4.1 Design a trail signage system that incorporates directional, regulatory, warning and interpretive information,and graphic branding that references the character of existing DWK signage 4.2 Design standard sign mounting options, including kiosks, large/ small signs on posts, and small signs on railings or bollards 4.3 Post signs at staging areas with information about risks, e.g., fire danger rating and guidelines for addressing wildfire risks (e.g., no campfires, extinguish all campfires), wildlife risks and guidelines for wildlife encounters 4.4 Complete an inventory of existing trails to verify trail ratings and determine where trail upgrades will be required to meet the requirements of desired trail ratings. 4.5 Identify locations and install signs, including directional signs, with distances where applicable, at all major trail intersections Source of Funds H Ongoing Cap, Dev, CDD, Part, Don, Gra H Ongoing Cap, DCC, Dev, Gra M Ongoing Cap, Dev, Gra Resp. DWK, Prov, RDCO DWK, Vol Priv DWK, Vol Priv M S Cap, Part DWK, Prov RDCO M S Cap, Part DWK, Prov RDCO M S Cap DWK M M Cap, Gra DWK, Prov, RDCO M M Cap, Part DWK, Prov RDCO 4.6 Prepare trail maps and provide on signs, web and brochures M M Cap DWK 4.7 Consider establishing a Smart phone app of the trail map L L Cap DWK 4.8 Consider an inventory of heritage routes that may be used for interpretive information and to refine proposed trail routes L L Cap, Part, Gra DWK, Vol 4.8 Name major trails to assist in recognition following the recommendations in the Parks Naming Policy 5 DESIGN 5.1 Prepare standard design requirements or details for fences, barriers, site furniture, bridges and boardwalks, and lighting 5.2 Determine trails to be universally accessible, based on the location, terrain, amount of use and anticipated users 5.3 Ground-truth and assess locations for staging areas, moderate and minor trail heads, viewpoints and rest areas. Map 2: Trail Construction Standards(see Appendix A) identifies recommended locations M Ongoing Cap DWK, Prov, RDCO M S Cap, Part DWK, Prov, RDCO M Ongoing Cap, Part DWK M Ongoing Cap, Part DWK 24 District of West Kelowna

Implementation 4.0 Operational Action Priority Phasing 6 MAINTENANCE 6.1 Establish maintenance standards for Major Multi-Use, Narrow Multi-Use and Nature Trails 6.2 Work with other jurisdictions to coordinate maintenance responsibilities where staging areas and trails cross jurisdictional boundaries. 6.3 Establish procedures through which volunteer groups can contribute to maintenance, e.g., Adopt a Trail, work parties Source of Funds Resp. M M Cap, Part DWK M M Cap, Part DWK, RDCO, Prov M M Cap, Part DWK, Vol 6.4 Explore the provision of liability insurance for trail stewardship L L Cap, Part DWK, Vol 7 MANAGEMENT 7.1 Work with trail user groups to establish codes of conduct M M Cap DWK, Vol 7.2 Develop codes of conduct (etiquette) for the trail system and M M Cap DWK publicize on signs, brochures and website, including language required for risk management 7.3 Consider a monitoring/education system such as trail stewards L L Cap DWK or student employees to observe and report on use and educate users about codes of conduct 7.4 Post trail rating and modes of transportation permitted on at H Ongoing Cap DWK trail heads and on printed and electronic resources 7.5 Assist user groups in resolving conflicts as they arise H Ongoing Cap DWK 7.6 Where trails cross private land, work with the landowner to H Ongoing Cap DWK establish limitations on liability resulting from public use of the trail 7.7 Formalize and implement risk management policies and M Ongoing Cap DWK procedures on DWK trails 8 PARTNERSHIPS 8.1 Partner with the RDCO, the Province and WFN to create an integrated trail system 8.2 Apply for Section 57 Authorization for existing Crown land trails, including the Smith Creek Trails, Rose Valley Reservoir Trails, Powers Creek Trails, McDougall Rim Trails and Mount Boucherie Trails, as per priorities identified in Sections 4.8 & 4.9: Short- and Medium-Term Trail Connections. 8.3 Meet regularly with stakeholder groups and potential partners to coordinate efforts related to the implementation and management of the trail network 8.4 Work with partners to build or improve staging areas that serve non-dwk trails H Ongoing Cap, Gra DWK, Prov, RDCO, WFN H S-M Cap DWK, Prov M Ongoing Cap DWK, Prov, RDCO, WFN M Ongoing Cap, Gra DWK, Prov, RDCO, WFN Recreational Trails Master Plan 25

4.0 Implementation Operational Action Priority Phasing 8.5 Work with WFN to promote continuous roadside trails through WFN lands 8.6 Work with partners on promotion of the trail system, including marketing materials, programs, and events 8.7 Explore opportunities with businesses for agreements allowing trail users to park in the lots of nearby commercial or institutional sites 8.8 Work with the Crown to formally designate trails on Crown land within the DWK 8.9 Where informal trails cross private land, work with private landowners to formalize public access 9 FUNDING STRATEGIES Source of Funds Resp. M Ongoing Cap, Gra DWK, Prov, RDCO, WFN M Ongoing Cap DWK, Prov, RDCO, WFN M Ongoing Cap DWK M Ongoing Cap, Prov DWK, Prov M Ongoing Cap DWK, Priv 9.1 Include trail development in annual budget planning H Ongoing Cap DWK 9.2 Establish a trail reserve fund to collect money for trail projects M Ongoing Cap, DCC, DWK as opportunities arise Dev, Part, Don 9.3 Include road-side trails when budgeting road construction H Ongoing Cap DWK projects 9.4 As new trails are developed or designated, establish budgets for trail maintenance and upgrading H Ongoing Cap, Part DWK, Vol 9.5 Work in collaboration with WFN and the City of Kelowna to acquire Gas Tax funds for trail connections between communities and within road corridors M Ongoing Cap DWK, WFN, CoK 9.6 Pursue grants in collaboration with partners M Ongoing Cap DWK, Prov, RDCO, WFN 10 REVIEW & UPDATE OF RTMP 10.1 Review and update this plan in 10 years L L Cap DWK 26 District of West Kelowna

Implementation 4.0 4.6 ESTIMATED TRAIL DEVELOPMENT COSTS Building trails involves site preparation, grading, and construction of the trail surface, with a base course and drainage features as needed. There is associated infrastructure, such as waste and recycling containers, signs, benches, bike racks, lighting, and planting or restoration of vegetation. Typically, more infrastructure is required for the higher-use trails. Estimated trail development costs include trail design, materials and labour. Costs for each of the trail construction standards are Class 'D' estimates based on average design standards and infrastructure. Estimates assume market costs for contractor labour and materials; the use of volunteer labour and/or material donations can reduce total costs. Estimated trail development costs do not include land acquisition or costs associated with geotechnical, grading or environmental challenges, which can vary greatly depending on location and circumstance. In some locations, additional infrastructure may be required. Table 9: Estimated Trail Costs Trail Type Major Multi-Use Trail Narrow Multi-Use Trail (Urban - Paved Surface) Narrow Multi-Use Trail (Rural - Granular Surface) Nature Trail Existing Trail Upgrades (to similar standard) Estimated Cost / Lineal Metre of Trail $556 / l.m. of new trail $148 / l.m. of new trail $104 / l.m. of new trail $17 / l.m. of new trail 1/2 cost of new trail construction where existing standard is similar to proposed standard Estimated unit costs for the primary components of trail construction are summarized in Appendix F: Preliminary Trail Construction Costs. Notes: 1. Estimated trail development costs are Class 'D' estimates provided for planning and budgeting purposes. Actual construction costs will need to be verified prior to trail development. 2. Trail construction costs vary widely based on access and site-specific conditions and will require verification prior to trail construction. 3. Cost estimates assume new trail construction; however where informal routes exist, construction costs may be lower. 4. As this is a long-term plan, inflation should be assumed when setting annual budgets. It s money in the bank to be able to bike to the lake, to the store, to the tourist ice cream shop. It s important to the future and a way to generate tourism of one of the most beautiful places to see. Survey respondent Recreational Trails Master Plan 27

4.0 Implementation 4.7 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN The RTMP includes a phasing plan that establishes high, medium and low priorities for implementation. The phasing plan is based on community input as well as on the trail network objectives outlined in Section 3.2. The implementation plan assigns priorities to meet current allocated budgets for trail development. Budget allocations should be increased where funding becomes available through grants, fundraising, donations, or other means. If additional funding is available, Phase 2 and 3 priorities should be completed sooner than shown in the plan. Three implementation phases are proposed. See Map 4: Implementation Overview (Appendix A) for the phasing map: Table 10: Implementation Phases Phase Priority Recommended Timeframe 1: Short-Term High 1 to 10 years 2: Medium-Term Medium 11 to 20 years 3: Long-Term Low +20 years The implementation plan is a general guide and may change; all trail development opportunities recommended in this plan should be pursued. Although indicated in the phases, trails along road corridors should correspond with road construction projects where possible. The total lengths of proposed trail development for the short-term, medium-term and long-term are summarized in Table 11 below. Sections 4.8 and 4.9 provide additional details about Phase 1 and Phase 2 priorities. Implementing trail construction projects is subject to DWK funding, supplemented by other potential funding strategies as identified in Section 4.2: Funding Strategies. Table 11: Total Proposed Trail Summary Km of Trail Type/Phase Trail Type Short- Term Medium- Term Long- Term Major Multi-Use Trail 0.2 1.1 5.2 Narrow Multi-Use Trail (Urban Standard) 5.2 0.4 Narrow Multi-Use Trail (Rural Standard) 1.0 1.4 69.9* Nature Trail 38.2 40.9 5.0 *Long-term does not define Urban vs. Rural standard. Standard to be determined by DWK at the time of implementation. 28 District of West Kelowna

Implementation 4.0 4.8 PHASE 1: SHORT-TERM TRAIL CONNECTIONS (YEARS 1-10) 8 connections were identified as short-term priorities. These are shown on Map 4: Implementation Overview and described in Table 12: Short-Term Trail Connections. Additional details, including location and map, on each short-term connection are provided on p.30-37. Priority linkages were selected because: They garnered significant public support through the web survey; They will generate an immediate positive impact, linking key destinations and/or filling gaps in the existing system; Opportunities exist to secure/fund these connections; and/or Linkages are at risk of being lost. Note: Estimated costs are for planning purposes only and are subject to refinement during detailed design. The cost for trails along roadway corridors that are also identified with the Transportation Master Plan are not included in the RTMP to avoid duplication. Table 12: Short-Term Trail Connections (Years 1-10) Map ID Trail Name Trail Type Length (m) Cost (/m) Est. Const. Cost (Total) TMP Est. Const. Cost (RTMP) 1-A George Court Trail Major Multi-Use Trail 169 $556 $94,000 N $94,000 1-B Boucherie Road Narrow Multi-Use Trail 5,237 $148 $775,000 Y $0 (Urban Standard) 1-C Reece Road - Shannon Lake Road Narrow Multi-Use Trail 1,026 $104 $107,000 N $107,000 Connector (Rural Standard) 1-D Smith Creek Park - Rubicon Road Nature Trail 509 $17 $9,000 N $9,000 Connector 1-E Rose Meadow Park Trail Nature Trail (Upgrade) 729 $9 $7,000 N $7,000 1-F Mount Boucherie Crown Land Trails Nature Trail (Upgrade) 2,518 $5 $13,000 N $13,000 1-G Smith Creek Crown Land Trails Nature Trail (Upgrade) 20,029 $5 $100,000 N $100,000 1-H Rose Valley Reservoir Crown Land Nature Trail (Upgrade) 14,388 $5 $72,000 N $72,000 Trails n/a Trails Signage Program Signage of Existing Trails n/a n/a $50,000 N $50,000 n/a Implementation of Operational Actions (see Table 8, p.23-26) $15,000/year Allocation to Upgrade Existing Trails n/a n/a $150,000 N $150,000 Notes: 1. Numbers rounded to the nearest $1,000. 2. Estimated trail development costs are Class 'D' estimates provided for planning and budgeting purposes. Actual construction costs will need to be verified prior to trail development. Recreational Trails Master Plan 29

4.0 Implementation Trail 1-A: George Court Trail Gellatly Nut Farm Regional Park WHITWORTH ROAD GEORGE COURT Beechnut Park Trail Route: Approximate Trail Length: Status: Proposed Trail Type: Whitworth Road (west) to Gellatly Nut Farm (east) 169 metres Proposed Road Corridor Trail Major Multi-Use Trail Proposed Trail Rating: Green Circle Anticipated User Groups: Proposed Trailheads: Walkers, Joggers, Recreational Cyclists, Wheelchairs, Strollers, Maintenance Vehicles Description: This connection will form a vital link of the overall waterfront trail system, connecting the Gellatly Nut Farm with Whitworth Road Existing Conditions: Narrow asphalt road within ROW with gravel shoulder Potential Constraints: Adjacent residences Private landscaping within ROW Estimated Cost / Linear Metre: $556 Estimated Construction Cost: $94,000 30 District of West Kelowna

Implementation 4.0 Trail 1-B: Boucherie Road HIGHWAY 97 STUART ROAD Mount Boucherie Regional Park Westbank First Nation BOUNDARY ROAD Kalamoir Regional Park Trail Route: Approximate Trail Length: Status: Proposed Trail Type: Ridge Estates Drive (west) to Stuart Road (east) 5,237 metres Proposed Road Corridor Trail Proposed Trail Rating: Green Circle Narrow-Multi-Use Trail (Urban Standard) Anticipated User Groups: Walkers, Joggers, Recreational Cyclists, Commuter Cyclists, Wheelchairs, Strollers, Maintenance Vehicles Proposed Trailheads: Description: This pathway will form a key east-west connection along the existing road ROW Existing Conditions: Road shoulder and/or informal walking paths alongside road Potential Constraints: Vehicle traffic and safety Ditches Private landscaping within ROW Estimated Cost / Linear Metre: $148 Estimated Construction Cost: $775,000- Within Transportation Master Plan Recreational Trails Master Plan 31

4.0 Implementation Trail 1-C: Reece Road - Shannon Lake Road Connector Kinsmen Park Broadview Park Smith Creek SHANNON LAKE ROAD BROADVIEW RD Deer Ridge Park PAYNTER RD REECE RD OLD OKANAGAN HWY Westbank First Nation Trail Route: Approximate Trail Length: Status: Proposed Trail Type: Reece Road to Shannon Lake Road 1,026 metres Proposed Trail Rating: Green Circle Anticipated User Groups: Proposed Trailheads: Description: Existing Conditions: Potential Constraints: Estimated Cost / Linear Metre: $104 Estimated Construction Cost: $107,000 Proposed Road Corridor Trail & Off-Road Trail Narrow Multi-Use Trail (Rural Standard) Walkers, Joggers, Recreational Cyclists, Mountain Bikers, Wheelchairs, Strollers, Maintenance Vehicles This trail network will formalize existing informal routes through DWK park and Crown lands Informal trails Crown Land 32 District of West Kelowna

Implementation 4.0 Trail 1-D: Smith Creek Park - Rubicon Road Connector WILD HORSE DR Smith Creek Park SADDLERIDGE DR Bridle Hill Park Smith Creek SMITH CREEK RD RUBICON RD SMITH CREEK RD Trail Routes: Approximate Trail Length: Status: Proposed Trail Type: Smith Creek Park to Rubicon Road 509 metres Proposed Off-Road Trail & Proposed Road Corridor Trail Nature Trail Proposed Trail Rating: Green Circle Anticipated User Groups: Walkers, Joggers, Recreational Cyclists, Mountain Bikers Proposed Trailheads: Smith Creek Park Description: This trail network will help connect the Smith Creek neighbourhoods to Westbank Centre Existing Conditions: Informal trails Potential Constraints: Estimated Cost / Linear Metre: $17 Estimated Construction Cost: $9,000 Recreational Trails Master Plan 33

4.0 Implementation Trail 1-E: Rose Meadow Park Trail McDougall Creek ROSALEE LN ROSEWOOD DR Westlake Community Park ROSE MEADOW DR Rose Meadow Park MCDOUGALL ROAD Trail Route: Approximate Trail Length: Status: Proposed Trail Type: Proposed Trail Rating: Anticipated User Groups: Proposed Trailheads: McDougall Road (east) to Rose Meadow Drive (west) 729 metres Proposed Off-Road Trail Nature Trail Blue Square Walkers, Joggers Description: Formalized trail connection in a DWK park to connect developing neighbourhoods and improve recreation opportunities Existing Conditions: Existing informal trail Potential Constraints: Terrain and topography Estimated Cost / Linear Metre: $9 Estimated Construction Cost: $7,000 34 District of West Kelowna

Implementation 4.0 Trail 1-F: Mount Boucherie Crown Land Trails HUDSON ROAD BRENTWOOD ROAD ROSS ROAD PONDEROSA ROAD Mount Boucherie Regional Park Eain Lamont Park LAK EVIE W COVE Trail Route: Approximate Trail Length: Status: Proposed Trail Type: Proposed Trail Rating: Anticipated User Groups: Eain Lamont Park (southeast) to west side of Crown land 2,518 metres Existing Crown Land Trail/Proposed Off-Road Trail Nature Trail Hikers Blue Square Proposed Trailheads: Eain Lamont Park (existing) Western Viewpoint Description: Upgrades to existing Crown Land Trails to formalize key connections Existing Conditions: Informal nature trails over Crown land Potential Constraints: Section 57 authorization required for upgrades Steep terrain Estimated Cost / Linear Metre: $5 Estimated Construction Cost: $13,000 Recreational Trails Master Plan 35

Powers Creek 4.0 Implementation Trail 1-G: Smith Creek Crown Land Trails SMITH CREEK RD Smith Creek Trail Route: Approximate Trail Length: Status: Proposed Trail Type: Proposed Trail Rating: Anticipated User Groups: Proposed Trailheads: Description: Existing Conditions: Existing network northeast of Smith Creek 20,029 metres Existing Crown Land Trails Nature Trail Blue Square Black Diamond Hikers, Mountain Bikers Trail Network Start Upgrades to existing Crown land trails to manage and maintain key connections Informal nature trails over Crown land Potential Constraints: Section 57 authorization required for upgrades Steep terrain Estimated Cost / Linear Metre: $5 Estimated Construction Cost: $100,000 36 District of West Kelowna

Implementation 4.0 Trail 1-H: Rose Valley Reservoir Crown Land Trails BEAR CREEK RD Rose Valley Regional Park WESTSIDE RD WESTLAKE RD Westbank First Nation Trail Route: Approximate Trail Length: Status: Proposed Trail Type: Proposed Trail Rating: Anticipated User Groups: Proposed Trailheads: Existing network on the west side of the Rose Valley Reservoir 14,388 metres Existing Crown Land Trails Nature Trail Blue Square Black Diamond Hikers, Mountain Bikers Trail Network Start Description: Upgrades to existing Crown land trails to manage and maintain key connections, including connections to trails in Rose Valley Regional Park Existing Conditions: Informal nature trails over Crown land Potential Constraints: Section 57 authorization required for upgrades Steep terrain Estimated Cost / Linear Metre: $5 Estimated Construction Cost: $72,000 Recreational Trails Master Plan 37

4.0 Implementation 4.9 PHASE 2: MEDIUM-TERM TRAIL CONNECTIONS (YEARS 11-20) Additional connections have been identified as medium-term priorities. These are shown on Map 4: Implementation Overview and described in Table 13: Medium-Term Trail Connections (Years 11-20). Additional details, including location and map, on each short-term connection are provided on p.39-45. Medium-term linkages were selected because: They garnered substantial public support; They may require more extensive design, planning, acquisition and accumulation of funding resources prior to completion than short-term connections; Connections are not currently at risk of being compromised; and/or Future land development in these areas may support trail development. Table 13: Medium-Term Trail Connections (Years 11-20) Map ID Trail Name Trail Type Length (m) Cost (/m) Est. Const. Cost (Total) TMP Est. Const. Cost (RTMP) 2-A Whitworth Road Trail Major Multi-Use Trail 757 $556 $421,000 Y $0 $228,000 Y $0 2-B Gellatly Road South Trail Narrow Multi-Use Trail (Urban Standard)/Major Multi-Use Trail 2-C Stevens Road Trail Narrow Multi-Use Trail 551 $104 $57,000 Y $0 (Rural Standard) 2-D Bear Creek Road Trail Narrow Multi-Use Trail 810 $104 $84,000 Y $0 (Rural Standard) 2-E Powers Creek Crown Land Trails Nature Trail (Upgrade) 7,488 $5 $37,000 N $37,000 2-F McDougall Rim Crown Land Trails Nature Trail (Upgrade) 28,865 $5 $144,000 N $144,000 2-G Carrot Mountain Crown Land Trails Nature Trail (Upgrade) 4,561 $5 $23,000 N $23,000 n/a Implementation of Operational Actions (see Table 8, p.23-26) $15,000/year Allocation to Upgrade Existing Trails 424/ 296 $148/ $556 n/a n/a $150,000 N $150,000 Notes: 1. Numbers rounded to the nearest $1,000. 2. Estimated trail development costs are Class 'D' estimates provided for planning and budgeting purposes. Actual construction costs will need to be verified prior to trail development. 38 District of West Kelowna

Implementation 4.0 Trail 2-A: Whitworth Road Trail GELLATLY HERITAGE REGIONAL PARK GELLATLY RD GELLATLY NUT FARM REGIONAL PARK PEBBLE BEACH WHITW ORTH RD HAZELNUT PARK HEARTNUT PARK BEECHNUT PARK Trail Route: Approximate Trail Length: Status: Proposed Trail Type: Goat's Peak (west) to George Court (east) 757 metres Proposed Road Corridor Trail Major Multi-Use Trail Proposed Trail Rating: Green Circle Anticipated User Groups: Proposed Trailheads: Walkers, Joggers, Recreational Cyclists, Wheelchairs, Strollers, Maintenance Vehicles Pebble Beach Description: This connection will form a vital link of the overall waterfront trail system, connecting the Gellatly Nut Farm with Goat's Peak Existing Conditions: Narrow asphalt road within ROW with gravel shoulder Potential Constraints: Adjacent residences Private landscaping within ROW Estimated Cost / Linear Metre: $556 Estimated Construction Cost: $421,000 - Combined with Road Upgrades Recreational Trails Master Plan 39

4.0 Implementation Trail 2-B: Gellatly Road South Trail ROTARY TRAILS GLEN CANYON REGIONAL PARK GELLATLY RD GELLATLY RD WHITWORTH RD GELLATLY NUT FARM REGIONAL PARK Trail Route: Approximate Trail Length: Status: Proposed Trail Type: Glen Canyon Regional Park to Waterfront 720 metres Proposed Road Corridor Trail Proposed Trail Rating: Green Circle Anticipated User Groups: Proposed Trailheads: Description: Existing Conditions: Potential Constraints: Estimated Cost / Linear Metre: Estimated Construction Cost: 296 metres - Major Multi-Use Trail 424 metres - Narrow Multi-Use Trail (Urban Standard) Walkers, Joggers, Recreational Cyclists, Wheelchairs, Strollers, Maintenance Vehicles This connection provides a key link along the waterfront trail and connections to major recreation destinations including Glen Canyon Regional Park and Gellatly Heritage Park Asphalt road within ROW with gravel shoulder Road traffic $556 - Major Multi-Use Trail $148 - Narrow Multi-Use Trail (Urban Standard) $228,000 - Combined with Road Upgrades 40 District of West Kelowna

Implementation 4.0 Trail 2-C: Stevens Road Trail MCDOUGALL RD STEVENS RD ROSS RD HIGHWAY 97 Trail Route: Approximate Trail Length: Status: Proposed Trail Type: Ross Road (west) to McDougall Road (east) 651 metres (100 metres existing sidewalk) Proposed Road Corridor Trail Proposed Trail Rating: Green Circle Anticipated User Groups: Proposed Trailheads: Description: Narrow Multi-Use Trail (Rural Standard) Walkers, Joggers, Recreational Cyclists A formalized roadside trail Existing Conditions: Asphalt road within ROW with gravel shoulder 100 metres of new sidewalk Potential Constraints: Road traffic Estimated Cost / Linear Metre: $104 Estimated Construction Cost: $57,000 - Combined with Road Upgrades Recreational Trails Master Plan 41

4.0 Implementation Trail 2-D: Bear Creek Road Trail PARKINSON RD BEAR CREEK RD Westbank First Nation WESTSIDE RD Trail Route: Approximate Trail Length: Status: Proposed Trail Type: WFN IR#10 to Parkinson Road 810 metres Proposed Road Corridor Trail Proposed Trail Rating: Green Circle Anticipated User Groups: Proposed Trailheads: Description: Narrow Multi-Use Trail (Rural Standard) Walkers, Joggers, Recreational Cyclists. Mountain Bikers A formalized roadside trail Existing Conditions: Asphalt road within ROW with gravel shoulder 160 metres of new sidewalk Potential Constraints: Road traffic Estimated Cost / Linear Metre: $104 Estimated Construction Cost: $84,000 - Combined with Road Upgrades 42 District of West Kelowna

Implementation 4.0 Trail 2-E: Powers Creek Crown Land Trails GLENROSA RD Powers Creek Trail Route: Approximate Trail Length: Status: Proposed Trail Type: Proposed Trail Rating: Anticipated User Groups: Proposed Trailheads: Description: Existing Conditions: Existing network on the west side of Powers Creek 7,488 metres Existing Crown Land Trails Nature Trail Black Diamond Hikers, Mountain Bikers Upgrades to existing Crown land trails to manage and maintain key connections Informal nature trails over Crown land Potential Constraints: Section 57 authorization required for upgrades Steep terrain Estimated Cost / Linear Metre: $5 Estimated Construction Cost: $37,000 Recreational Trails Master Plan 43

4.0 Implementation Trail 2-F: McDougall Rim Crown Land Trails McDougall Creek BARTLEY Trail Route: Approximate Trail Length: Status: Proposed Trail Type: Proposed Trail Rating: Anticipated User Groups: Proposed Trailheads: Description: Existing Conditions: Existing network on the east side of McDougall Creek 28,865 metres Existing Crown Land Trails Nature Trail Blue Square Black Diamond Hikers, Mountain Bikers Trail Network Start Upgrades to existing Crown land trails to manage and maintain key connections Informal nature trails over Crown land Potential Constraints: Section 57 authorization required for upgrades Steep terrain Estimated Cost / Linear Metre: $5 Estimated Construction Cost: $144,000 44 District of West Kelowna

Implementation 4.0 Trail 2-G: Carrot Mountain Crown Land Trails DAVIDSON CREEK PARK Trail Route: Approximate Trail Length: Status: Proposed Trail Type: Proposed Trail Rating: Anticipated User Groups: Proposed Trailheads: Description: Existing Conditions: Existing network north of Shannon Lake 4,561 metres Existing Crown Land Trails Nature Trail Black Diamond Hikers, Mountain Bikers Upgrades to existing Crown land trails to manage and maintain key connections Informal nature trails over Crown land Potential Constraints: Section 57 authorization required for upgrades Steep terrain Estimated Cost / Linear Metre: $5 Estimated Construction Cost: $23,000 Recreational Trails Master Plan 45

4.0 Implementation 4.10 PHASE 3: LONG-TERM TRAIL CONNECTIONS (20+ YEARS) It is anticipated the RTMP will be updated in the long-term to review accomplishments to date and realign outstanding priorities with the needs of the community at that time. The Phase 3 trail recommendations shown on Map 4: Implementation Overview (see Appendix A) were identified as desirable trail connections by the community, but were considered lower in priority than the Phase 1 and 2 connections. However, it is recommended that if funding or opportunity emerges or community desires change, these trail connections be considered for earlier completion. Phase 3 recommendations include: 5.2 km of Major Multi-Use Trail 69.9 km of Narrow Multi-Use Trail 5.0 km of Nature Trail 46 District of West Kelowna

Design Guidelines 5.0 5.0 DESIGN GUIDELINES The guidelines proposed in this section describe recommended design of trails and associated infrastructure. The guidelines apply to improvements to existing trails and development of future trails in the DWK. 5.1 TRAIL SITING This section provides guidelines for the siting and layout of all trails, and specific guidelines for siting of trails within new developments. These guidelines are consistent with provincial sustainable trail design standards, adapted to the specific context of West Kelowna. Recreational Trails Master Plan 47

5.0 Design Guidelines Siting & Layout of Trails Connect existing trails. Provide additional connections to identified trails to enhance access. Site trails to take advantage of views, scenic features and cultural features. Follow contours to the degree possible to minimize the amount of cut required; the use of fill on trails is not recommended. Route trails around large trees and major landforms to minimize vegetation removal. Route trails around Environmentally Sensitive Areas and away from Top of Bank where possible. Avoid long, straight trail segments. Provide enough meander to make the trail interesting, but avoid excessive weaving. Design trails on ALR land in accordance with A Guide to Using and Developing Trails in Farm and Ranch Areas (Ministry of Agriculture), and obtain approval from the Agricultural Land Commission as necessary. Site and design the trail system with consideration for the user experience, including clear way-finding and prominent trail markings and starting points. Take advantage of heritage routes when identifying trail corridors. Siting of Trails within Development Projects Establish trail linkages as a priority in development projects. Where a proposed trail is indicated through the property on Map 1: Trail Locations and Types (see Appendix A), identify a potential corridor, ideally separate from roads, minimizing road crossings, adjacent to riparian/esa areas, and linking parks and other attractions or destinations. Increase the trail right-of-way width in multifamily residential developments on hillsides as needed to ensure that the character of the trail relates to the surrounding landscape, i.e., not confined between a retaining wall and a building. This - Comfortable relationship between trail and adjacent land use This - Trail routing around existing vegetation Not This - Poor relationship between trail and adjacent land use 48 District of West Kelowna

Design Guidelines 5.0 Accessibility It is very important that key trails be universally accessible, especially trails located in or near neighbourhood centres, where there are high concentrations of seniors, and around more popular destinations. It is not realistic for all trails to be universally accessible due to the variable terrain in West Kelowna; however, where possible trail development should endeavour to follow accessibility guidelines. The following are relevant resources: BC Website for Accessible Tourism, Communities, Parks and Trails - www. everyoneincluded.com Universal Design Guidelines for Outdoor Spaces: Plan and Design for Choice Maple Ridge and Pitt Meadows, funded by Measuring Up - www.mapleridge.ca Measuring Up Accessibility Online - www.2010legaciesnow.com/measuring_up Key guidelines for accessible trails: Ensure that the path surface meets flush with the surrounding grade immediately adjacent to the trail. Ensure a uniform consistent surface (well compacted for aggregate trails) without puddles or depressions and free of obstructions. Provide curb cuts where paths cross roads and from parking areas to trails. Do not place drainage grates within the trail surface. At major trail heads, provide designated accessible parking stall(s) as close as possible to the trail head per relevant DWK bylaws, and/or the BC Building Code. Provide access from accessible parking stalls directly to the accessible entry of the trail and ensure there are no speed bumps to cross. Provide barrier-free paths to information and interpretive signs and to major park features and use areas. Design washrooms to be wheelchairaccessible with wheelchair-accessible stall(s), where appropriate. Provide spaces between bollards, baffles and other barriers that are sufficient to allow passage by wheelchairs, but prevent motorized vehicles from accessing trails. Ensure that trails with special paving surfaces are suitable for wheels, such as wheelchairs, strollers, walkers and rollerblades, e.g. a strip of smooth paving, narrow bands of smooth paving, or pavers that do not provide a bumpy experience. Recreational Trails Master Plan 49

5.0 Design Guidelines Safety and Security Safety aspects of the trail system are critical to the long-term use and success of the network. Many of the guidelines contained in other sections of this document promote safety; the following are specific guidelines related to design, construction and maintenance practices that support safety: Apply the principles of CPTED (Crime Prevention through Environmental Design) to trail planning and design where appropriate. Locate at-grade trail crossings of arterial roads at intersections with traffic signals, or if mid-block, install pedestrian-activated crossing signals. Use pathway design, public education and signs to manage the speed of trail users, particularly cyclists. For trails next to steep slopes, consider providing vegetation and/or a railing or fence between the trail surface and the slope, depending on the proximity and steepness of the grade. Request a review of the design and management of the entire trail system or specific trails from the RCMP when appropriate. Acquire the greatest width of land possible along trails in the urban area to minimize conflicts with adjacent land uses and to allow for adequate sightlines. Developing cycling lanes or multi-use pathways physically separated from motor vehicles wherever possible should be a priority for all parts of this plan. Survey respondent Separated Cycling Path along a Busy Road 50 District of West Kelowna

Design Guidelines 5.0 5.2 SIGNS & KIOSKS There are four types of signs that are needed along trail systems, as follows: 1. Way-finding or Directional Signs: Indicate routes and facilities, e.g. trail name, trail uses, trail rating, distance to specific destinations, map of trail system indicating current location 2. Regulatory Signs: Indicate traffic regulations, e.g., stop, yield to pedestrians, code of conduct 3. Warning Signs: Advise users of potential hazards, e.g., stairs or steep slope ahead, notices about risk and liability 4. Educational or Interpretive Signs: Provide information about the surroundings, e.g., ecology, vegetation, fish and wildlife, cultural history, landmarks, ALR and active farming. Depending on the amount of information to be conveyed and the location within the trail system, a variety of mounting options may be used. These include kiosks, large or small signs on posts, and small signs on railings or bollards. Guidelines for signs are as follows: Plan the locations of directional signs related to visibility and wayfinding. Where there are multiple types of information to be provided at one location, integrate the information on one sign, rather than having separate signs. Kiosk Way-finding & Regulatory Signs Recreational Trails Master Plan 51

5.0 Design Guidelines 5.3 TRAIL HEADS, VIEWPOINTS & REST AREAS Staging Areas & Trail Heads Trail heads are the access points to trails, typically occurring at roads or parking lots. The most important trail heads function as staging areas, where people park, prepare for their journey and get oriented. Consistency in the design of trail heads and staging areas can help establish an identity for the DWK s trail system and help in way-finding. There are three general levels of trail heads and staging areas: Table 14: Types of Trail Heads Type Staging Area Moderate Trail Head Minor Trail Head Typical Trail Application Significant trail systems e.g. Eain Lamont Park Access to one major trail e.g. Wildfire Commemorative Park Connecting trails e.g. Cobblestone Park Typical Facilities Parking Lot Information Kiosk Small restrooms Waste & Recycling Receptacles Additional Potential Facilities: Gathering area Benches Washroom Building Bike Rack (urban areas) Parking Spaces or On-street Parking Sign Waste & Recycling Receptacle Bollard Sign Waste & Recycling Receptacle Guidelines for staging areas and trail heads include: Locate parking where it is visible from a road. Site waste and recycling receptacles in convenient and accessible locations. Strive to include or provide interesting and identifiable landmarks at staging areas, e.g., landforms, public art, structures. They provide trail users with an easily identifiable place to meet and promote the DWK and its trails to visitors. Staging Area Example Trail Head Example 52 District of West Kelowna

Design Guidelines 5.0 Viewpoints and Rest Areas Viewpoints and rest areas provide opportunities for sitting, socializing, resting, viewing scenery and wildlife and interpretation and educational opportunities. Viewpoints and rest areas add tremendous value to the experience of trails, particularly for tourists and those with mobility challenges. Guidelines for viewpoints and rest areas include: Identify typical designs for viewpoints and rest areas, but vary the layout based on site specific conditions such as soils, slope, views, vegetation, interpretive opportunities, and adjacent land uses and features. At a minimum, viewpoints should include a bench facing a view. Locate viewpoints to take advantage of good vistas, and/or environmental or cultural features. Where appropriate include interpretive information about vistas or natural features near the site. Locate rest areas at viewpoints, destinations, and other nodes based on site-specific opportunities. More rest areas are required for the highly used and accessible trails; a 500 metre spacing is the suggested maximum for the highest use trails. Endeavour to provide seating in groups, e.g., at least two benches, in higher use areas. 5.4 STRUCTURES There are various types of built structures that may be included in the trail system, in addition to signs and kiosks. These structures may include fences, barriers, site furniture, bridges and boardwalks, and lighting. Overall Guidelines for Structures Identify design templates and select structures and site furniture to be used in the trail system. Apply these throughout for consistency, recognizing that they may change over time. There may be some items that never vary (e.g., signs, waste receptacles, benches,) and other elements that change with the setting (e.g., fences). Use vandal-resistant materials (e.g., no glass). Rest Area Example Recreational Trails Master Plan 53

5.0 Design Guidelines Fences Fences are required in some locations along the trail system. Some of DWK s bylaws (OCP, Works & Services Bylaw and Zoning) require fences in some scenarios; however, the latter two bylaws are under review. The Works & Services Bylaw requires a 1.2 metre high chain link fence on both sides of urban walkways and a 1.2 metre high triple-rail farm fence on both sides of non-urban walkways. The Zoning Bylaw requires a 1.2 metre high black vinyl chain link fence between residential areas and parks. These bylaws have resulted in extensive fencing along trails. The Works & Services Bylaw differs from the OCP, which limits the use of chain link fencing to industrial areas, and recommends planting in front of solid or non-decorative fences. This plan recommends that the following fencing options be considered along trail corridors: Table 15: Recommended Fencing Options Option Description Recommended Approach No Fence Use fences only where required for safety or security Use vegetation instead of fences where possible, consistent with the OCP Low Wood Rail Fence High Wood Rail Farm Fence Plant Screens Gates 0.6 m (2') high Transparent 1.2 m (4') high Transparent Attractive fencing with planting in front Use as a visual barrier to identify the line between public and private land or a particular use (e.g. no dogs, ESA, top of slope, edge of parking) Use where restricting access is not a major issue and aesthetic quality is a concern Use in non-urban locations as part of an identifying marker for the trail system where visibility of the railing is important and height will not impact views Consistent with the OCP DP Guidelines and/or Zoning Bylaw Locking gates within fences as required to restrict access Not This - Chain-Link Fence directly adjacent to trail This - Low Wood Rail Fence separating sensitive areas This - Plant screen and attractive fencing in residential development 54 District of West Kelowna

Design Guidelines 5.0 Barriers Barriers are located at trail heads to control speed or to prohibit motorized access to the trail. The following are the potential types of barriers: Bollards may be used to prohibit access by motorized vehicles. Bollards can be removable to allow for access by service and emergency vehicles. Baffles (or stiles) may be used to restrict access to pedestrians only, or to prohibit ATVs, depending on the design and dimensions. Gates with a separate access for pedestrians may be used along trails that require relatively frequent access by service or emergency vehicles. Fences or railings on either side of the trail, or rocks, can be used at trail heads to restrict users based on the width of the opening. Guidelines for barriers are as follows: Ensure that bollards, baffles or other barriers permit wheelchair passage on accessible trails. On trails used for biking, provide a minimum clear opening of 0.9 metres without obstructions. Avoid the use of chains between bollards as they are difficult to detect for the visually impaired, they can be dangerous for cyclists, and they do not have the same aesthetic quality as solid materials. Bollards Baffles Recreational Trails Master Plan 55

5.0 Design Guidelines Site Furniture Site furniture associated with the trail system may include benches, waste and recycling receptacles, bike racks and lighting. Guidelines are as follows: Use furnishings that are consistent with those used by the Operations Department for public spaces for consistency and maintenance purposes. Locate parking for bicycles in highly visible areas and near destinations where people might choose to stop, especially in urban areas. Consider lighting only along Major Multi-Use Trails where a significant level of use during evening hours is anticipated. Use energy-efficient lighting, e.g., solar, LED fixtures. Bridges & Boardwalks Although relatively expensive compared to trails, bridges and boardwalks help traverse challenging or environmentally sensitive terrain and provide unique viewing and experiential opportunities. Guidelines are as follows: Consider boardwalks in specialized locations where a nature-viewing opportunity can be provided without undue damage to environmental resources and where there are no suitable alternatives. Keep bridge abutments as small as possible and screen with planted native vegetation. Build curbs and railings on bridges and boardwalks with consideration for the safety of wheelchair users and the character of the area. Bridge Boardwalk 56 District of West Kelowna

Design Guidelines 5.0 5.5 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION & ENHANCEMENT Some trails are located in areas with valuable natural resources, such as riparian areas. It is important that trail development minimizes negative impacts on environmental resources and enhances habitat values where possible. The OCP has Development Permit guidelines for construction in and near environmentally sensitive areas, including hillside and wildfire interface areas; however, the OCP only applies to development projects and subdivision, land clearing, construction of services roads, etc. which may not address all trail construction. The following are guidelines for environmentally sensitive trail construction. General Guidelines Use low impact and environmentally conscious materials and construction methods. Minimize disturbance to soils and vegetation. Minimize excavation in areas with dense trees and riparian areas, especially for unpaved trails. Instead consider the use of a geotextile with gravel material placed on the surface. For paved trails, remove all roots below the path surface where possible. Where tree roots likely to extend under the path, use a commercial root barrier to prevent root damage to the trail or use structural soils that will permit root growth beneath the trail without lifting. Where feasible in natural areas, leave felled trees from clearing as coarse woody debris or for use as barriers, but remove fine debris (less than 12 cm diameter) that could contribute to wildfire hazard. Do not change drainage patterns around existing vegetation where possible. As soon as possible after trail construction, restore disturbed areas with soil and revegetate with grass and/or native plants. Landscape installation and maintenance practices should conform to the latest edition of the B.C. Landscape Standard. Where planting limitations exist in urban areas, use design details or public art to connect people with nature. Use bioengineering for erosion control along steep slopes and riparian areas. In new developments, encourage placement of multi-family housing rather than single family housing adjacent to trail corridors, without fences or other barriers between the open space and the trail where possible. I value the trails from a use perspective but also for the sense that the wilderness is out my back door so to speak. Survey respondent Recreational Trails Master Plan 57

5.0 Design Guidelines Vegetation Protect existing trees and their roots. Route trails around the drip line of large trees where possible. Where trails are within the drip line, minimize disturbance and grading. Where roots need to be removed use standard arboriculture practices. Where vegetation enhancement is possible and desirable: In natural areas, plant native plants that reflect the habitat. In urban areas select plants that will thrive in the site conditions and provide shade for people and habitat for birds and mammals. Trim hazardous trees to create snags for wildlife rather than removing the entire tree where possible. Avoid tree bark damage by construction equipment. Consider windfall hazards when clearing clumps of trees, especially in forested areas. Assess trees along edges of clearings for wind firmness and disease and apply mitigation measures as needed. Plant large trees at least 2 metres from the edge of trails. Do not attach signs or other structures to trees. Avoid planting masses of tall shrubs near trails where they may restrict visibility in accordance with CPTED. As part of trail construction projects, remove invasive species from natural areas and replace with native varieties. Where trails are close to residential property, provide adequate screening for privacy, but avoid tall dense thickets for safety and security. Reduce the visual impact of hard edges such as fences, retaining walls or extensive paved areas with tree and shrub planting. Along utility corridors, comply with any planting guidelines required by the utility. Along hydro corridors, refer to Planting near Power Lines by B.C. Hydro. B.C. Hydro requires plants within 5 m of power lines have a maximum mature height of 6 m. Beyond this zone and up to 20 m from the power line, the maximum mature height should be 12 m. I like that the trails are left very natural. Survey respondent 58 District of West Kelowna

Design Guidelines 5.0 Trails within ESAs Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) Identify riparian areas, wildlife corridors, and other ESAs in the vicinity of proposed trails. Identify riparian setbacks by applying the Riparian Areas Regulations (RAR) and site trails outside the setbacks where possible. Be aware of municipal, provincial and federal requirements for ESAs and obtain necessary permits and authorizations from regulatory agencies prior to trail construction or maintenance, e.g., DFO and MOE approval may be required for trails within riparian setbacks. Avoid riparian crossings where possible. Where crossings are needed: Locate at the narrowest point of the creek or gully and construct crossings at right angles to the watercourse. Locate crossings on straight sections of the watercourse to minimize bank erosion. Identify potential impacts from trail development and provide mitigation measures. Take measures to protect fish and wildlife, especially Species at Risk. Isolate work areas and use silt control measures and other best management practices near and within watercourses to minimize erosion and sedimentation. Where water must be temporarily diverted, pump water from in-stream work areas to a land site where it will infiltrate through the soil or settle out sediment, prior to returning to the stream. Revegetate disturbed riparian vegetation. Plan for monitoring during construction by a qualified environmental professional (QEP). Use precast rather than cast-in-place concrete for structures near water. Cement, mortar, grout and similar construction materials contain limestone and other alkaline materials that are toxic to fish. Drainage & Rainwater Management Design drainage on trails to prevent erosion and avoid standing water on trail surfaces. Design a cross-slope (preferably 1.5% to 2%) on paved or compacted surfaces. Accommodate drainage off the trail surface where possible, collecting water on the uphill side of trails, and infiltrating or conveying the water away from the trail surface. In urban areas, add rain gardens, bioswales and/or infiltration trenches along trails where appropriate to infiltrate, clean, and slow urban run-off. Incorporate measures to minimize soil erosion during construction, with tools such as straw bale barriers, silt fencing, and temporary sediment traps. Wildfire Minimize new trail development in areas with high wildfire risk outside the urban interface. Where trails exist in wildfire risk areas, provide signage that identifies ways to exit the area. Coordinate new trails in the urban interface with landscape level fuel breaks, and design the trails to act as surface fuel breaks and to provide access for fire suppression crews. Conduct abatement of wildfire fuels in association with trail construction. Recreational Trails Master Plan 59

District of West Kelowna RECREATIONAL TRAILS MASTER PLAN APPENDICES Appendix A: Maps Appendix B: Consultation Summary Appendix C: Typical Trail Design Guidelines Appendix D: IMBA Trail Rating System Appendix E: Trail Network Management Appendix F: Preliminary Trail Construction Costs Appendix G: Preliminary Trail Maintenance Costs

A Appendix APPENDIX A: MAPS Four overview maps of the trail system have been created to support the Recreational Trails Master Plan. These maps are intended to be used in conjunction with this report to identify the locations of proposed trail connections. Mapping Notes The information shown on these maps is for planning purposes only. Lines indicated are not verified and should not be interpreted as a literal representation of existing conditions. These maps show existing and proposed recreational trail connections in the District of West Kelowna. Trails data is based on existing GIS data and field assessment. Proposed trail routes will need to be verified through survey and detailed design prior to development. Recommendations in this plan are intended to be implemented concurrently with pedestrian connections identified in the Transportation Master Plan. Where connections shown in this plan are also identified in the Transportation Master Plan, they should be implemented as part of the TMP process. Map Summary Table 16: Map Summary Table Number Title Description Plan Reference Map 1 Trail Locations & Types Overview of all trail linkages in West Kelowna, including existing DWK, RDCO and Crown land trails and proposed future trail connections. Identifies if the trail will be located within a road corridor or off-road. Section 3.3, p.10 Map 2 Map 3 Map 4 Trail Construction Standards Trail Rating System Implementation Overview Identifies the trail construction standard for proposed and existing trails Major Multi-Use, Narrow Multi-Use or Nature Trail. Proposed details for each construction standard are shown in Appendix C. Identifies the level of difficulty rating proposed for each trail within the network. Shows the recommended phasing for implementing trail improvements and development. Identifies reference numbers for Phase 1 priorities. Section 3.4, p.10 Section 3.5, p.14 Section 4.7, p.28 62 District of West Kelowna

A Appendix 64 District of West Kelowna

A Appendix 66 District of West Kelowna

A Appendix 68 District of West Kelowna