Carrot in Japan. 27 th Sep., 2017 Takahiro Kumano, Ph.D. Bejo Japan KK Representative Director ;

Carrot in Japan 27 th Sep., 2017 Takahiro Kumano, Ph.D. Bejo Japan KK Representative Director E-Mail; t.kumano@bejo.jp

Contents - Carrot market in Japan - Domestic production - Import trend fresh & juice - Main production areas & cultivation - Dominant varieties - Machines - Sowing machines - Harvesting machines - Kuroda type - Origin & history - Bejo in Japan - Bejo Japan KK - Bejo in Hokkaido/Kyoto - Carson; No.1 processing variety in Hokkaido

Acreage Trend (2005-2015) ha 25.000 Carrot Acreage (ha) & Production (t) Acreage Domestic production t 700.000 600.000 20.000 18.800 19.100 19.300 19.000 19.000 19.000 19.200 18.900 18.500 18.400 18.100 500.000 15.000 400.000 10.000 300.000 200.000 5.000 100.000 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 0 -Year - Source; Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

Acreage Trend (2005-2015) ha 25.000 Carrot Acreage (by harvest season) (ha) Nov.-Mar. Aug.-Oct. Apr.-Jul. 20.000 15.000 10.000 5.000 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 -Year - Source; Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

Import Trend Fresh Carrot (2012-2015)

Import Trend Carrot Juice (2012-2015)

Fresh Price Trend t 9.000 8.000 7.000 6.000 Carrot Fresh Wholesale Price(JPY/kg) & WholesaleQTY (t) by 10 days QTY 2016 QTY 2017 Price 2016 Price 2017 JPY perkg 350 300 250 5.000 200 4.000 150 3.000 2.000 1.000 100 50 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Month Source; Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 0

Acreage Trend (2005-2015) ha 22.000 Carrot Acreage by production area (ha) 20.000 Others Nagasaki Tokushima Chiba Ibaraki Aomori Hokkaido 18.000 16.000 14.000 12.000 10.000 8.000 6.000 4.000 2.000 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 -Year - Source; Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

Main Production Areas Lat. N44 1 No. Prefecture Acreage (ha) Total Yield (t) Marketable Yield (t) Marketable Ratio (%) Yield per ha (t) 1 Hokkaido 4,820 189,300 175,600 92.8% 36.4 3 2 Chiba 3,150 119,200 109,900 92.2% 34.9 3 Aomori 1,240 39,500 36,200 91.6% 29.2 4 Tokushima 1,020 51,800 47,100 90.9% 46.2 Lat. N38 5 Ibaraki 879 31,500 25,900 82.2% 29.5 6 Nagasaki 863 30,800 28,700 93.2% 33.3 Lat. N32 6 7 8 10 4 9 5 2 7 Kumamoto 618 19,800 17,300 87.4% 28.0 8 Miyazaki 579 20,600 18,700 90.8% 32.3 9 Saitama 579 20,100 17,300 86.1% 29.9 10 Kagoshima 577 18,800 15,600 83.0% 27.0 - Others 3,775 91,700 70,700 77.1% 18.7 Total 18,100 633,100 563,000 88.9% 31.1 Source; Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

Dominant Varieties Harvest Period Main Production Area Acreage 2015 (ha) Required Characteristics Winter Chiba Ibaraki Saitama 8,060 i) Uniformity in shape & size, ii) Surface smoothness + good color, iii) Tolerance aganst Pythium & Fusarium (spot in root), iv) Good shape in shoulders, v) Root crack tolerance & field holding ability, *~Dec.) suitable for carrot production, various historical local cultivars. ~Mar.) needs cold tolerance + bolting tolerance. Spring- Summer Tokushima Nagasaki Miyazaki Kumamoto Kagoshima 4,520 i) Stable growth under low temp., ii) Pigment under low temp., iii) Field holding ability, iv) Root crack tolerance in temp. increasing condition, v) Tolerance aganst Pythium & Fusarium (spot in root), *Low temp. in the early stage. Temp. increases in later growing period, and rapid growth both top and root. Autumn Hokkaido Aomori 5,530 i) Strong bolting tolerance + Earliness ii) Heat tolerance, iii) Disease tolerance under wet condition (Summer-Autumn), iv) Strong tolerance against physiologocal disorder (root), v) Tolerance aganst Pythium & Fusarium (spot in root), *In cold regions, high-lands, mainly open-field cultivation. Using non-woven fabric for early sowing.

Harvesting Machines in Hokkaido European Type (approx. 10%)

Harvesting Machines in Hokkaido Carovester Type (approx. 90%)

Origin of Kuroda type Source; Banga, 1963 Source; Carrots and related vegetables Umbelliferae, V.E. Rubatzky, C.F. Quires and P.W. Simon, 1999, London, UK

Origin of Kuroda type -NougyouZensyo( 農業全書 )- - Published in 1697, - The oldest agriculture text book, - Comprised total 11 volumes, - By Yasusada Miyazaki (1623-1697)& Ekiken Kaibara - Based on Miyazaki s 40 years agricultural experience in south part of Japan, にんじん根の黄なるをえらびてつくるべし白きは味も劣れり You should grow selected plants which have yellow roots. The taste of white roots are not good. たねを取る事春茎の立つ時中にて細きはぬき去りふとくして根の黄なるばかりを立てをき花の付く時枝をも皆切りのけて本茎ばかりの子をとるべし To obtain better quality seed, you should select plants which have thick yellow roots when the flower stalks come out, and harvest seeds only from the main flower stalk. Source; National Diet Library, Japan Source; National Diet Library, Japan

Origin of Kuroda type -WakanSansaiZue( 和漢三才図会 )- - Published in 1712, - The most famous old encyclopedia in Edo Era, Comprised 105 volumes - By Ryoan Terashima(1654-?) - Inspired by Chinese old encyclopedia (Sansai Zue) - The value of this work as a cultural heritage is everlasting. Source; National Diet Library, Japan - 胡蘿蔔 (KoRafuku)= PercianRadish (Daikon) - 2 types in length 1) 5-6 sun type ; 15-18cm long 2) 2 syakutype; 60cm long - 2 colors; Red or Yellow 気を下し中を補い五臓を安んじ食を健やかにならしむ Source; National Diet Library, Japan Has sedative effects, curing internal organs, good for healthy food diet,

Origin of Kuroda type -Oriental Type- Orange (UK) 15-17C Yellow Orange (The Netherlands) Kintoki( 金時 ) (Kyoto) Takinogawa( 滝野川 ) (Tokyo) Orange (USA) 18C 17C Various Orange 12-13C (China) 16-17C Hindu Kush Mountains (Afghanistan) 13-14C -Western Type- 18-19C 19C New Kuroda( 新黒田 ) (Nagasaki) Source; Yae Nogei Co. Ltd. Source; ALIC https://vegetable.alic.go.jp/panfu/carrot/carrot.htm http://geology.com/world/world-map.shtml Koyo 2 Go( 向陽二号 ) (Takii Seed Co. Ltd.) Source; Takii Seed Co. Ltd.

Bejo Japan KK - Established in Yokohama (near Tokyo), in 2012, - A wholly-owned subsidiary of Bejo Zaden B.V., - No. of employee; 5 (4 in Sapporo, 1 in Kyoto), - Main commercial crops; Carrot, Onion, Asparagus & Brassica leafy vegetables, - Moved to Sapporo city from Yokohama in 2016 Feb., - Head office is in the campus of Hokkaido University, - Joint research with Hokkaido University in open field crops e.g. Asparagus,

Bejo in Hokkaido (Trials in Hokkaido Univ.)

Bejo in Kyoto (Trials in Kyoto city)

Carson; No.1 Processing variety in Hokkaido

Thank you for your attention.