Michael Hopp, Lufthansa Group Brussels, 19.10.2017 lufthansagroup.com
Lufthansa Group SESAR Projects in the PBN Context 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Prepare and Implement High performing airport AF 1 operations & Enabling SESAR aviation infrastructure AAL 1 (ODP) AAL 1 IBLUS AAL 2 PBN Implementation Vienna Phase 2 Implementation of RNP based Ops in FRA, DUS, BER and MUC Create Infrastructure for efficient Approach + Departure Page 1
SESAR Project: Augmented Approaches to Land (RNP to xls) Curved APPR for the reduction of noise and fuel Page 2
The use of the Radius-To-Fix functionality allows precise navigation in a turn Fly-By and Fly Over Precise Navigation based on RF-Functionality Procedure for successful entry: straight leg before turn Page 3
Example: LSD Augmented Approaches to Land (AAL): Flight trial procedure utilizing RFfunctionality to avoid noise sensitive areas with the approach type RNP to xls Example Frankfurt, Runway 25L: Results: Flyability acceptable, but demanding for pilots Specific pilot training recommended High track accuracy during turns Concept of RNP to xls will be implemented in Vienna with focus on noise and fuel benefits (Deployment Project with Austrocontrol) Challenge: Integration of this specific procedure into the traffic control concept of Frankfurt was difficult for ATC Procedure removed from AIP after end of trials (no quick wins out of this very large scale demonstration were implemented) Page 4
Example for Deployment: Frankfurt Südumfliegung Runway 25 New Departure Procedure deploying RF-Legs Overlay of the existing Conventional Procedure applying RNP1 and Radius-to-Fix (RF) functionality Higher track accuracy expected Result: Better control of noise impact Page 5
Successful PBN Implementation is based on a benefit driven approach, benefits need to be identified together before starting the deployment initiatives Observed Challenges: High aircraft equipage rate desirable (technical capability) - how do we increase it? High usage rate of respective procedures necessary how do we maximize it? Pilot training as a prerequistite EASA Regulation (CR 539) setting Standards from August 2018 Chance: A Benefit Driven Approach Benefits for all involved parties (as well for airspace users) as a prerequistie for PBN procedure implementation E.g. reduce fuel burn and CO2 emissions, achieve higher capacity, reduce noise impact, simplify workload for controllers and pilots (increasing safety), enable reduction of charges by lowering operational cost Identify measures or mechanisms, which overcompensate disadvantegs single stakeholders might face in order to achieve the overall optimum As a result, equipage rate and usage rate will increase naturally by clearly positive CBA This approach will generate the desired positive momentum based on a maximum demand by stakeholders, driving the initiative from all sides Page 6
Lufthansa Group strives to be ready for PBN and future air navigation Equippage: RNP APCH ca. 97% RF capability over 95%, increasing with updates of FMS standards RNP1 capability over 95% Retrofit: Conducted, where possible and appropriate (e.g.with positive business case or with major system updates MMR or FMS) Pilot Training: Large training program launched for all Lufthansa Group Airlines: Theoretical Training (until August 2018) Simulator Training (until 2019) Page 7
Backup SESAR Projekt RNP Based Departure OPS SESAR FRA AO/FS Seite 8
The EU launched the SESAR programme to increase the performance of European ATM Environment Cost efficiency Up to 40% reduction in air navigation services costs per flight Up to 10% reduction in CO2 emissions and a positive impact on noise and air quality SESAR Single European Sky ATM Research Capacity Goal is the creation of a system capable of handling up to 100% more traffic Safety Improvement by up to a factor of 4 AT C Airports Airlines Security Ensuring high levels of security Operational efficiency Up to 6% reduction in flight time Up to 10% reduction in fuel burn SESAR Projekt RNP Based Departure OPS SESAR FRA AO/FS Seite 9
Calculation of Lateral Deviation From Intended Flight Path Mathematical Approach To minimize the methodical error, the proposal is to use the orthogonal distance (purple) instead of the minimum radial distance (cyan) [see figure left] Determination of the respective (2D) vector/level of curve 1 [IFP projected upon ground] Iterative intersection calculation for the orthogonal line of curve 1 with curve 2 (= actual flight path / AFP) SESAR Projekt RNP Based Departure OPS SESAR FRA AO/FS Seite 10
Comparison of Noise Impact RNP-Based vs. Conventional RNAV Departure OPS RNP-Based OPS Expected result: Higher track accuracy (smaller variance around average flight pattern), but color coding (red green) underlines shifted noise impact due to speed constraints Conventional RNAV OPS Expected result: Large statistical variation from average route, but better climb rate and thus lower noise impact SESAR Projekt RNP Based Departure OPS SESAR FRA AO/FS Seite 11
AKONI Abflüge EDDF RWY 07: Drei Varianten im Projekt entwickelt und am 11.06. von DLH im Simulator erfolgreich validiert Erfolgreiche Validierung aller Varianten durch LH im Simulator auf A320 und B748 Risiko: Erhöhter Treibstoffverbrauch durch Speed Limits (220 kts) in RF-Legs (dadurch späterer Clean-Up) SESAR Projekt RNP Based Departure OPS SESAR FRA AO/FS Seite 12