in association with AirProjects Inc. Conway Consulting Gunda Corporation Quadrant Consultants RdlR Architects Sunland Group DRAFT TECHNICAL REPORT MASTER PLAN Prepared for Houston Airport System Houston, Texas May 2015
DRAFT TECHNICAL REPORT MASTER PLAN Prepared for Houston Airport System Houston, Texas May 2015 CHICAGO CINCINNATI DALLAS SAN FRANCISCO WASHINGTON, D.C. TORONTO AMSTERDAM BERN BOLOGNA GLASGOW LONDON MANCHESTER MUMBAI READING www.leighfisher.com
CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND... 1 1 1.1 AIRPORT SETTING... 1 1 1.2 AIRPORT SITE... 1 1 1.3 PLANNED AIRPORT IMPROVEMENTS... 1 4 1.4 VISION, GOALS, AND OBJECTIVES... 1 4 1.4.1 Master Plan 2035 Vision... 1 6 1.4.2 Goals and Objectives... 1 6 2 ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING CONDITIONS... 2 1 2.1 INTRODUCTION... 2 1 2.2 AIRFIELD AND AIRSPACE... 2 1 2.2.1 Airfield... 2 1 2.2.2 Navigational Aids... 2 8 2.2.3 Airfield Operations... 2 10 2.2.4 Airspace and Air Traffic Control... 2 16 2.3 PASSENGER TERMINAL COMPLEX... 2 19 2.3.1 Overview... 2 19 2.3.2 Passenger Terminal Characteristics... 2 20 2.3.3 Terminal A... 2 22 2.3.4 Terminal B... 2 28 2.3.5 Terminal C... 2 34 2.3.6 Terminal D... 2 44 2.3.7 Terminal E... 2 49 2.3.8 Federal Inspection Services Building... 2 54 2.3.9 Building Spatial Allocation... 2 55 2.4 GROUND TRANSPORTATION AND PARKING... 2 66 2.4.1 Airport Access... 2 66 2.4.2 Passenger Terminal Circulation Roadways... 2 69 2.4.3 Terminal Curbside Facilities... 2 75 2.4.4 Parking Facilities... 2 87 2.4.5 Car Rental Facilities... 2 91 2.4.6 Commercial Vehicle Facilities and Operations... 2 96 2.4.7 Non Terminal Area Roadways... 2 97 2.4.8 Public Transit... 2 99 2.4.9 Regional Transportation Plans... 2 99 2.5 AIR CARGO... 2 102 2.5.1 IAH Central Cargo... 2 102 2.5.2 IAH East Cargo... 2 104 2.5.3 Cargo Airlines Serving the Airport... 2 104 2.6 GENERAL AVIATION... 2 106 2.6.1 Landmark Aviation... 2 106 2.6.2 Atlantic Aviation... 2 106 2.6.3 Corporate Aviation... 2 107 i
CONTENTS (continued) 2.7 AIRPORT AND AIRLINE SUPPORT... 2 109 2.7.1 Airport Support... 2 109 2.7.2 Airline Support... 2 111 2.8 ENVIRONMENTAL OVERVIEW... 2 112 2.8.1 Water Resources... 2 112 2.8.2 Floodplains... 2 115 2.8.3 Wetlands... 2 118 2.8.4 Air Quality... 2 121 2.8.5 Land Use... 2 122 2.8.6 Endangered Species... 2 128 2.8.7 Hazardous Materials... 2 129 3 AVIATION FORECASTS... 3 1 3.1 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY... 3 1 3.1.1 Forecast Process and Approach... 3 1 3.1.2 Enplaned Passengers... 3 2 3.1.3 Air Cargo... 3 3 3.1.4 Aircraft Operations... 3 4 3.1.5 Airport Service Region... 3 5 3.1.6 Airport Role... 3 7 3.2 ECONOMIC BASIS FOR AVIATION DEMAND... 3 10 3.2.1 Socioeconomic Trends... 3 11 3.2.2 Economic Outlook... 3 17 3.3 HISTORICAL PASSENGER AIRLINE TRAFFIC... 3 20 3.3.1 Airlines Serving Intercontinental... 3 20 3.3.2 Enplaned Passengers... 3 20 3.3.3 Airline Market Shares and Passenger Service... 3 26 3.3.4 Origin Destination Markets... 3 30 3.3.5 Airfares for Domestic Origin Destination Markets... 3 30 3.3.6 Monthly Airline Traffic... 3 33 3.4 HISTORICAL AIR CARGO... 3 37 3.4.1 All Cargo Airlines Serving the Airport... 3 37 3.4.2 Historical Air Cargo... 3 39 3.4.3 Airline Shares of Air Cargo... 3 41 3.5 HISTORICAL AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS... 3 45 3.5.1 Air Carrier... 3 45 3.5.2 Air Taxi and Commuter... 3 45 3.5.3 General Aviation... 3 45 3.5.4 Military... 3 45 3.5.5 Monthly Aircraft Operations... 3 45 3.6 AVIATION DEMAND FORECASTS... 3 48 3.6.1 Enplaned Passengers... 3 48 3.6.2 Air Cargo... 3 58 3.6.3 Aircraft Operations... 3 71 ii
CONTENTS (continued) 3.7 COMPARISON WITH THE FAA 2011 TAF... 3 78 3.8 FORECASTS OF PEAK PERIOD DEMAND AND AIRCRAFT FLEET DISTRIBUTION... 3 81 3.8.1 Forecast Approach and Methodology... 3 81 3.8.2 Peak Period Demand Forecasts... 3 81 3.8.3 Aircraft Fleet Forecasts... 3 86 4 FACILITY REQUIREMENTS... 4 1 4.1 INTRODUCTION... 4 1 4.1.1 Planning Activity Levels... 4 1 4.1.2 Future Flight Schedules... 4 2 4.1.3 Summary of Requirements... 4 4 4.2 AIRFIELD AND AIRSPACE REQUIREMENTS... 4 8 4.2.1 Recommendations for Further Study from Previous Master Plan... 4 8 4.2.2 FAA Standards and Requirements... 4 9 4.2.3 Runway Length Requirements... 4 11 4.2.4 Potential impacts of Technology and Industry Trends... 4 14 4.2.5 Changes in Airline Fleet Mix... 4 14 4.2.6 NextGen Technology... 4 15 4.2.7 Optimization of Airspace and Procedures in the Metroplex (OAPM)... 4 16 4.2.8 Demand Capacity Comparison... 4 17 4.2.9 Airfield and Airspace Conclusions... 4 30 4.3 PASSENGER TERMINAL COMPLEX REQUIREMENTS... 4 30 4.3.1 Aircraft Gate Requirements... 4 30 4.3.2 Passenger and Baggage Processing Facility Requirements... 4 34 4.4 GROUND TRANSPORTATION AND PARKING REQUIREMENTS... 4 44 4.4.1 Roadways... 4 44 4.4.2 Travel Times... 4 55 4.4.3 Major Intersections... 4 58 4.4.4 Curbsides... 4 59 4.4.5 Parking and Rental Car Facilities... 4 68 4.4.6 Automated People Mover Systems... 4 73 4.5 AIRPORT AND AIRLINE SUPPORT FACILITY REQUIREMENTS... 4 75 4.5.1 General Aviation Facilities... 4 75 4.5.2 General Aviation Facilities Summary... 4 78 4.5.3 Airline Air Cargo Facilities... 4 81 4.5.4 Integrated Air Cargo Facilities... 4 91 4.5.5 Airport Support Facilities... 4 93 4.5.6 HAS Administrative Offices... 4 96 4.5.7 Fuel Farm... 4 97 4.5.8 United AIrlines Support Facilities... 4 99 4.5.9 Other Support Facilities... 4 104 iii
CONTENTS (continued) 5 ALTERNATIVES... 5 1 5.1 APPROACH... 5 1 5.2 AIRFIELD ALTERNATIVES... 5 3 5.2.1 Airfield Alternatives Approach... 5 3 5.2.2 Longlist of Runway Alternatives... 5 4 5.2.3 Primary Runway Alternatives Screening... 5 7 5.2.4 Shortlist Runway Alternatives... 5 8 5.2.5 Secondary Screening... 5 13 5.2.6 Simulation Analysis of Preferred Runway Alternative... 5 30 5.2.7 Runway Extension Alternatives... 5 46 5.2.8 Taxiway Alternatives... 5 47 5.3 TERMINAL AND LANDSIDE ALTERNATIVES... 5 51 5.3.1 Aircraft Gate Requirements... 5 52 5.3.2 Evaluation of Terminal Complex Capacity... 5 53 5.3.3 Terminal Roadways and Curbsides... 5 59 5.3.4 Parking... 5 61 5.3.5 Terminal Development Sites... 5 61 5.3.6 Primary Screening... 5 62 5.3.7 Shortlist Terminal Alternatives... 5 66 5.3.8 Secondary Screening evaluation... 5 75 5.3.9 Preferred Terminal Alternative... 5 89 5.4 CONCLUSIONS... 5 89 6 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN... 6 1 6.1 INTRODUCTION AND APPROACH... 6 1 6.2 RECOMMENDED PROJECTS AND PHASING PLAN... 6 1 6.2.1 PAL25 Projects... 6 2 6.2.2 PAL33 Projects... 6 10 6.2.3 PAL40 Projects... 6 16 6.2.4 Concepts Beyond the Planning Horizon... 6 20 6.2.5 Regional Roadway Improvements... 6 22 6.3 FUTURE LAND USE PLAN... 6 22 6.4 CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM... 6 22 7 ENVIRONMENTAL OVERVIEW... 7 1 7.1 INTRODUCTION... 7 1 7.1.1 Scope of Environmental Review... 7 2 7.1.2 Impacts to Environmental Resource Categories... 7 2 7.2 RECOMMENDED MASTER PLAN PROJECTS... 7 2 7.3 PAL25 PROJECTS... 7 2 7.3.1 PAL25 Projects with a Dependent Utility... 7 3 7.3.2 PAL25 Projects with Independent Utility... 7 9 iv
CONTENTS (continued) 7.4 PAL33 PROJECTS... 7 20 7.4.1 PAL33 Projects with a Dependent Utility... 7 21 7.4.2 PAL33 Projects with Independent Utility... 7 22 7.5 PAL40 PROJECTS... 7 25 7.5.1 PAL40 Projects with Dependent Utility... 7 26 7.5.2 PAL40 Projects with Independent Utility... 7 27 7.6 CONCEPTS BEYOND THE PLANNING HORIZON... 7 29 7.6.1 Runway 9R 27L... 7 30 7.6.2 Crossfield Taxiway SM... 7 30 7.6.3 Long Term Terminal Expansion Options... 7 30 7.7 NEXT STEPS TO ADDRESS POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS... 7 30 7.7.1 Air Quality... 7 30 7.7.2 Biota... 7 31 7.7.3 Water Quality... 7 31 7.7.4 Wetlands... 7 32 7.7.5 Floodplains... 7 32 7.7.6 Hazardous Materials... 7 32 7.7.7 Secondary (Induced) Impacts... 7 32 Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E Appendix F ALTERNATIVE FORECAST SCENARIOS AIRFIELD AND AIRSPACE SIMULATION ASSUMPTIONS MASTER PLAN TAXIWAY RECOMMENDATIONS ROADWAY TECHNICAL ANALYSIS PARKING OVERVIEW COST ESTIMATES v
TABLES 1 1 Master Plan Issues Matrix... 1 5 2 1 Runway Data... 2 5 2 2 Weather Conditions... 2 11 2 3 Runway Wind Coverage... 2 13 2 4 Runway Use Configuration Occurrence... 2 15 2 5 Terminal A Space Allocation and Usage... 2 58 2 6 Terminal B Space Allocation and Usage... 2 59 2 7 Terminal C Space Allocation and Usage... 2 60 2 8 Terminal D Space Allocation and Usage... 2 61 2 9 Terminal E Space Allocation and Usage... 2 62 2 10 FIS Space Allocation and Usage... 2 63 2 11 Primary Access Roadways... 2 68 2 12 24 Hour Traffic Count Volumes, Peak Hour, and Peak Hour Volume... 2 74 2 13 Summary Vehicle Dwell Times at Terminal Curbs (MM:SS) During AM PM Peak Hour... 2 86 2 14 Peak Hour Curbside Volume by Vehicle Classification... 2 87 2 15 On Airport Public Parking Facilities... 2 90 2 16 Off Airport Parking Facility Occupancy Rates... 2 91 2 17 Non Terminal Area Peak Traffic Volumes... 2 97 2 18 Peak Hour Turning Movement Counts Airport Perimeter Intersections... 2 98 2 19 Regional Transportation Improvements in Vicinity of Airport... 2 99 2 20 IAH Central Cargo... 2 102 2 21 IAH East Cargo... 2 105 2 22 Corporate Aviation Facilities... 2 107 2 23 Water Quality Data for Streams Near IAH (2012)... 2 115 2 24 Peak Stream Flow Gauge Records... 2 117 2 25 Airport Emissions Inventory and Projection... 2 125 2 26 Off Airport Land Uses Within Five Miles of IAH... 2 126 2 27 Endangered Species in Harris County... 2 128 3 1 Airport Service Region Population... 3 5 3 2 Total Passengers at the 10 Busiest U.S. Airports in 2011... 3 7 3 3 Historical and Projected Socioeconomic Data... 3 12 3 4 Comparative Unemployment Rates... 3 14 3 5 Fortune 500 Company Headquarters in Houston... 3 16 3 6 Convention and Business Travel in Houston... 3 17 3 7 Historical and Projected Gdp Growth by World Region... 3 18 3 8 Airlines Serving Intercontinental as of July 2012... 3 21 3 9 Houston Airport System Historical Enplaned Passengers... 3 22 3 10 Historical Enplaned Passengers... 3 23 3 11 Airline Market Shares of Enplaned Passengers... 3 27 3 12 Nonstop Airline Service as of July 2012... 3 28 3 13 Historical Domestic Originating Passengers by Market in 2011... 3 31 3 14 Average Domestic One Way Airfares by Market in 2011... 3 32 3 15 Historical Enplaned Passengers by Month... 3 34 vi
TABLES (continued) 3 16 Scheduled Departing Seats by Month... 3 35 3 17 Historical Passenger Airline Aircraft Landings by Month... 3 36 3 18 All Cargo Airlines Serving Intercontinental as of July 2012... 3 38 3 19 Historical Air Cargo... 3 40 3 20 Historical Air Cargo by Month... 3 43 3 21 Historical All Cargo Airline Landings by Month... 3 44 3 22 Historical Aircraft Operations... 3 46 3 23 Historical Aircraft Operations by Month... 3 47 3 24 Enplaned Passenger Forecasts by Sector and Market Baseline... 3 59 3 25 Enplaned Passenger Forecasts by Airline Type Baseline... 3 60 3 26 Air Cargo Forecasts by Sector and Market Baseline... 3 69 3 27 Air Cargo Forecasts by Airline Type Baseline... 3 70 3 28 Assumptions for Aircraft Operations Forecasts Baseline... 3 73 3 29 Aircraft Operations Forecasts Baseline... 3 76 3 30 FAA TAF Forecast Comparison... 3 79 3 31 Summary of IAH MPU Forecasts Using FAA Template... 3 80 3 32 Historical and Forecast Peak Period Demand Baseline... 3 82 3 33 ADPM Percent Distributions of Passenger Airline Aircraft Operations Baseline... 3 87 4 1 Forecasts and Planning Activity Levels... 4 1 4 2 Average Day Peak Month (ADPM) Activity Levels... 4 2 4 3 Summary of Facility Requirements... 4 4 4 4 Design Aircraft... 4 9 4 5 Assumed Airfield Arrival Capacities... 4 18 4 6 Assumed Airfield Arrival Capacities and Estimated Average Aircraft Arrival Delays... 4 25 4 7 Summary of Existing Gates... 4 31 4 8 Gate Requirements... 4 33 4 9 Allocation of Activity by Terminal... 4 34 4 10 Terminal A Facility Requirements... 4 39 4 11 Terminal B Facility Requirements... 4 40 4 12 Terminal C/E Facility Requirements... 4 41 4 13 Terminal D Facility Requirements... 4 42 4 14 Facility Requirements FIS/International Arrivals United International + Foreign Flag Carriers... 4 43 4 15 Mode of Access to Airport... 4 46 4 16 Mode of Egress from Airport... 4 47 4 17 Intersection LOS: John F. Kennedy Blvd at Greens Rd... 4 58 4 18 Intersection LOS: Lee Rd at Will Clayton Pkwy... 4 59 4 19 Vehicle Dwell Times by Vehicle Type at Arrivals Curbsides... 4 60 4 20 Vehicle Dwell Times by Vehicle Type at Departures Curbsides... 4 61 4 21 Public Parking Requirements... 4 69 4 22 Employee Parking Requirements... 4 70 4 23 Rental Car Requirements... 4 72 4 24 Hold Lot Requirements... 4 72 vii
TABLES (continued) 4 25 Total FBO Lease Areas... 4 76 4 26 Allocated Forecast GA Aircraft Operational Demand... 4 78 4 27 Existing Based Aircraft... 4 79 4 28 FBO Itinerant Apron Demand... 4 80 4 29 FBO Itinerant Apron Average Day Demand/Capacity... 4 80 4 30 FBO and CBO Hangar Demand/Capacity... 4 81 4 31 East Cargo Area Tenants... 4 83 4 32 East Cargo Building Sites... 4 83 4 33 East Cargo Building Areas and Utilization... 4 84 4 34 Total Freight and Cargo Demand Allocation... 4 86 4 35 Total East Cargo Building and Site Requirements... 4 86 4 36 Central Cargo Building and Site Requirements... 4 87 4 37 All Cargo Aircraft Parking Requirements... 4 88 4 38 Other All Cargo Aircraft Apron Area Requirements... 4 89 4 39 FedEx Weekly Flight Activity... 4 91 4 40 FedEx Apron Requirements... 4 92 4 41 UPS Arpon Requirements... 4 93 4 42 ARFF Vehicle and Agent Requirements Index E... 4 94 4 43 ARFF Vehicle Discharge Requirements Index E... 4 94 4 44 IAH ARFF Equipment... 4 95 4 45 Airport Maintenance Complex Replacement Requirements... 4 96 4 46 Historic Fuel Consumption... 4 97 4 47 Average Day Fuel Storage Capacity Requirements... 4 98 4 48 Fuel Storage Requirements... 4 98 4 49 Chelsea Flight Kitchen... 4 102 4 50 Estimated Flight Kitchen Demand/Capacity Analysis... 4 103 4 51 Estimated Flight Kitchen Requirements... 4 103 5 1 Runway Alternatives Evaluation Matrix... 5 16 5 2 Runway Alternative Cost Estimates... 5 17 5 3 TAAM Experimental Design... 5 31 5 4 Assumed Operating Conditions... 5 31 5 5 Summary of Operating Assumptions... 5 38 5 6 Estimated Average Unimpeded Aircraft Taxiing Times... 5 43 5 7 Estimated Average Aircraft Delay... 5 44 5 8 Aircraft Gate Requirements... 5 53 5 9 Terminal Alternatives Evaluation Matrix... 5 83 5 10 Alternative Cost Estimates... 5 84 6 1 Summary of Planning Activity Levels... 6 1 6 2 Taxiway Design Standards... 6 7 6 3 Projects Recommended for PAL25... 6 25 7 1 Projects Recommended in the Master Plan... 7 3 7 2 Aircraft Types and Associated Modeled INM Aircraft Types... 7 15 7 3 Aircraft Operations by Flow Pattern in 2012... 7 15 viii
FIGURES 1 1 Airport Vicinity Map... 1 2 1 2 Airport Site... 1 3 2 1 Airfield Facilities North Airfield... 2 2 2 2 Airfield Facilities South Airfield... 2 3 2 3 Airfield Facilities West Airfield... 2 4 2 4 Runway Use Configurations... 2 14 2 5 Houston Terminal Area Airspace... 2 17 2 6 Controlled Airspace Classifications... 2 18 2 7 Passenger Terminal Complex... 2 21 2 8 Terminal A Central Building... 2 24 2 9 Terminal A North Concourse... 2 26 2 10 Terminal A South Concourse... 2 27 2 11 Terminal B Level 1... 2 30 2 12 Terminal B Level 2... 2 31 2 13 Terminal B Level 3... 2 32 2 14 Terminal C Level 1... 2 35 2 15 Terminal C Level 2... 2 36 2 16 Terminal C Level 3... 2 37 2 17 Terminal C North Concourse Level 1... 2 39 2 18 Terminal C North Concourse Level 2... 2 40 2 19 Terminal C South Concourse Level 1... 2 41 2 20 Terminal C South Concourse Level 2... 2 42 2 21 D Levels LL, 1 & 2... 2 47 2 22 Terminal D Levels 3 & 4... 2 48 2 23 Terminal E Level 1... 2 51 2 24 Terminal E Level 2... 2 52 2 25 Terminal E Level 3... 2 53 2 26 Fis & International Arrivals Level LL1... 2 56 2 27 Fis & International Arrivals Levels 1 & 2... 2 57 2 28 Inter Terminal Train Level LL1... 2 64 2 29 Inter Terminal Train Level LL2... 2 65 2 30 Primary Regional Roadways... 2 67 2 31 Passenger Terminal Complex Automatic Traffic Recorder Survey Locations... 2 70 2 32 Curbside Roadways: Terminals A & B... 2 71 2 33 Curbside Roadways: Terminal C... 2 72 2 34 Curbside Roadways: Terminals D & E... 2 73 2 35 Terminal A Existing Curbside Layout... 2 76 2 36 Terminal B Existing Curbside Layout... 2 79 2 37 Terminal C Existing Curbside Layout... 2 80 2 38 Terminal D Existing Curbside Layout... 2 81 2 39 Terminal E Existing Curbside Layout... 2 83 2 40 Primary Access Roadways and On/Off Airport Parking... 2 84 2 41 Passenger Terminal Complex Data Collection... 2 85 2 42 Monthly Parking Revenues FY 2012... 2 88 2 43 Monthly Parking Transactions FY 2012... 2 89 ix
FIGURES (continued) 2 44 Parking Garage A/B Levels 1 & 2... 2 92 2 45 Parking Garage C West... 2 93 2 46 Parking Garage C/D & E Level 1... 2 94 2 47 Parking Garage C/D & E Levels 2 & 4... 2 95 2 48 Planned Roadway Improvements... 2 101 2 49 Air Cargo Facilities... 2 103 2 50 General Aviation Facilities... 2 108 2 51 Airport and Airline Support Facilities... 2 110 2 52 Impaired Streams and Water Quality Monitoring Sites... 2 114 2 53 Stream Network and USGS Gauge Sites... 2 116 2 54 Floodplains... 2 119 2 55 Wetlands... 2 120 2 56 Land Use... 2 123 2 57 Compatible and Incompatible Land Use... 2 124 2 58 City of Houston Land Use Controls... 2 127 2 59 Closed Landfill Sites... 2 131 3 1 Historical and Forecast Enplaned Passengers... 3 2 3 2 Historical and Forecast Air Cargo... 3 3 3 3 Historical and Forecast Total Aircraft Operations... 3 4 3 4 Airport Service Region... 3 6 3 5 Historical Passengers in the Houston Region... 3 8 3 6 Passengers Connecting Through Intercontinental by Region in 2011... 3 9 3 7 U.S. Gateways to Latin America... 3 10 3 8 Comparative Distribution of Nonagricultural Employment... 3 13 3 9 Monthly Unemployment Rates... 3 15 3 10 International Passengers by World Region... 3 24 3 11 Domestic Originating Passengers in the Houston MSA... 3 25 3 12 Domestic Originating Passengers and Airfares... 3 25 3 13 Airline Alliances... 3 29 3 14 Enplaned Passenger Load Factor... 3 37 3 15 Historical Air Cargo Trends... 3 39 3 16 International Air Freight by World Region... 3 41 3 17 Airline Shares of Air Cargo in 2011... 3 42 3 18 Unconstrained Forecast Approach... 3 49 3 19 Historical Trend Analysis Domestic Enplaned Passengers... 3 50 3 20 Historical Trend Analysis International Passengers... 3 51 3 21 Historical and Predicted Domestic Originating Passengers... 3 52 3 22 Historical and Predicted IAH Passengers to Mexico... 3 53 3 23 Historical and Predicted IAH Passengers to Latin America/Caribbean... 3 54 3 24 Historical and Predicted IAH Passengers to Europe... 3 54 3 25 Historical and Predicted IAH Passengers to Canada... 3 55 3 26 Historical and Predicted IAH Passengers to Africa/Middle East... 3 56 3 27 Historical and Predicted IAH Passengers to Asia... 3 56 3 28 Historical and Forecast Enplaned Passengers... 3 61 3 29 Historical Trend Analysis Domestic Air Freight... 3 62 x
FIGURES (continued) 3 30 Historical Trend Analysis International Air Freight... 3 63 3 31 Historical and Predicted Domestic Air Freight... 3 64 3 32 Historical and Predicted IAH Freight to Europe... 3 65 3 33 Historical and Predicted IAH Freight to Asia/Africa/Middle East... 3 66 3 34 Historical and Predicted IAH Freight to Latin America/Caribbean... 3 66 3 35 IAH Freight to Mexico... 3 67 3 36 IAH Freight to Canada... 3 68 3 37 Historical and Forecast Air Cargo... 3 71 3 38 Historical and Forecast Aircraft Operations... 3 77 3 39 Distribution of Passenger Airline Scheduled Operations by Hour in July 2012... 3 83 3 40 Arrivals and Departures by Hour in July 2012... 3 84 3 41 Baseline Forecast Distribution of Passenger Airline Scheduled Operations by Hour... 3 85 3 42 Baseline Forecast Distribution of Passenger Airline Arrivals and Departures by Hour... 3 86 4 1 Temporal Distribution, Passenger Aircraft Operations... 4 3 4 2 Aircraft Useful Load... 4 12 4 3 Takeoff Runway Length Requirements... 4 13 4 4 Landing Runway Length Requirements... 4 14 4 5 Commercial Fleet Mix by Wake Turbulence Category... 4 15 4 6 Existing and Future Arrival Peaking Patterns at IAH In 2012 and PAL40... 4 19 4 7 Cumulative Arrival Curve Analysis for PAL40 In West Flow, Vmc... 4 21 4 8 Cumulative Arrival Curve Analysis for PAL40 In West Flow, Imc... 4 22 4 9 Cumulative Arrival Curve Analysis for PAL40 In East Flow, Vmc... 4 23 4 10 Cumulative Arrival Curve Analysis for PAL40 In East Flow, Imc... 4 24 4 11 Average Aircraft Arrival Delay Curves Showing Average Arrival Delays for Each Runway Use/Weather Condition and Average Annual Delay... 4 26 4 12 Aircraft Arrival Delay Curves Showing Range of Acceptable, Marginal, and Unacceptable Average Annual Arrival Delays... 4 27 4 13 Roadway Traffic Volumes... 4 45 4 14 Roadway Level of Service Standards... 4 49 4 15 Key Roadway Constraints... 4 50 4 16 Peak Hour Roadway Level of Service Baseline... 4 51 4 17 Peak Hour Roadway Level of Service PAL25... 4 52 4 18 Peak Hour Roadway Level of Service PAL33... 4 53 4 19 Peak Hour Roadway Level of Service PAL40... 4 54 4 20 Departures Curbside Travel Times... 4 56 4 21 Arrivals Curbside Travel Times... 4 57 4 22 Curbside Level of Service Standards... 4 62 4 23 Curbside Level of Service Baseline... 4 64 4 24 Curbside Level of Service PAL25... 4 65 4 25 Curbside Level of Service PAL33... 4 66 4 26 Curbside Level of Service PAL40... 4 67 4 27 Total CBO Lease Areas... 4 77 4 28 East Cargo Area... 4 82 xi
FIGURES (continued) 4 29 Central Cargo Area... 4 85 4 30 United Airlines North Campus Facilities... 4 100 5 1 Flowchart of Runway Alternatives Screening Process... 5 5 5 2 Existing Airfield Layout... 5 5 5 3 Airfield Longlist Alternatives... 5 6 5 4 North 1A... 5 9 5 5 North 1B... 5 10 5 6 South 1... 5 12 5 7 South 2... 5 14 5 8 South 3... 5 15 5 9 Hourly Capacity Estimates East Flow... 5 19 5 10 Hourly Capacity Estimates West Flow... 5 20 5 11 Hourly Capacity Estimates Weighted... 5 21 5 12 North 1A Environmental Conditions... 5 24 5 13 North 1B Environmental Conditions... 5 25 5 14 South 1 Environmental Conditions... 5 26 5 15 South 2 Environmental Conditions... 5 27 5 16 South 3 Environmental Conditions... 5 28 5 17 Assumed Terminal Layout... 5 32 5 18 Preferred Airfield Alternative Taxiing Flows (West Flow)... 5 34 5 19 Preferred Airfield Alternative Taxiing Flows (East Flow)... 5 35 5 20 Taxiway NR Extension... 5 36 5 21 FAA Criteria on Arrival/Departure Course Divergence on Parallel Runways... 5 39 5 22 Use Of Intersection Departures to Mitigate Impact of Adverse Stagger... 5 40 5 23 Modeled Arrival Runway Use Percentages (PAL33)... 5 41 5 24 Modeled Departure Runway Use Percentages (PAL33)... 5 42 5 25 Average Annual Aircraft Delay... 5 45 5 26 Average Annual Aircraft Delay By Operating Condition... 5 45 5 27 John F. Kennedy/Will Clayton Parkway Interchange... 5 50 5 28 Flowchart Of Terminal Alternatives Screening Process... 5 52 5 29 Baseline Gate Capacity Narrowbody Equivalent Gates (NBEQ)... 5 54 5 30 Pier Concept Family... 5 55 5 31 Linear Concept Family... 5 56 5 32 Satellite Concept Family... 5 58 5 33 North Terminal Road Bypass Roadway... 5 60 5 34 Potential Terminal Development Sites... 5 62 5 35 Alternative A... 5 63 5 36 Alternative B... 5 64 5 37 Alternative C... 5 66 5 38 Alternative A Location Plan... 5 68 5 39 Alternative A Terminal Complex Site Plan... 5 69 5 40 Alternative A Baggage Claim Level... 5 70 5 41 Alternative A Lower Mezzanine Level... 5 71 5 42 Alternative A Concourse Level... 5 72 5 43 Alternative A Upper Mezzanine Level... 5 73 5 44 Alternative A Sections... 5 74 xii
FIGURES (continued) 5 45 Alternative B Location Plan... 5 76 5 46 Alternative B Terminal Complex Site Plan... 5 77 5 47 Alternative B Baggage Claim Level... 5 78 5 48 Alternative B Lower Mezzanine Level... 5 79 5 49 Alternative B Concourse Level... 5 80 5 50 Alternative B Upper Mezzanine Level... 5 81 5 51 Alternative B Sections... 5 82 5 52 Alternative A Environmental Conditions... 5 86 5 53 Alternative B Environmental Conditions... 5 87 6 1 Recommended Development Plan PAL25... 6 3 6 2 Recommended Development Plan Terminal Complex PAL25... 6 4 6 3 Recommended Development Plan PAL33... 6 11 6 4 Recommended Development Plan Terminal Complex PAL33A... 6 12 6 5 Recommended Development Plan Terminal Complex PAL 33B... 6 13 6 6 Recommended Development Plan PAL 40... 6 17 6 7 Recommended Development Plan Terminal Complex PAL 40... 6 18 6 8 Concepts Beyond Planning Horizon... 6 21 6 9 Airport Land Use... 6 23 6 10 Phasing Diagram... 6 24 7 1A Delineated and Potential Wetlands North Airport Area... 7 7 7 1B Delineated and Potential Wetlands South Airport Area... 7 8 7 2 Typical Flight Tracks at 25 Miles from IAH 2012... 7 11 7 3 2012 Noise Contours... 7 12 7 4 PAL33 Noise Contours... 7 13 7 5 PAL40 Noise Contours... 7 14 xiii