North San Luis Obispo County Coastal Trail Master Plan

North San Luis Obispo County Coastal Trail Master Plan Draft Opportunities & Constraints Report November 11, 2011 Prepared by: Alta Planning + Design

Table of Contents 1. Introduction... 1 SEGMENT 1: County Line to San Carpoforo Creek... 3 SEGMENT 2: Hearst San Simeon State Park Ragged Point Conservation Area to Piedras Blancas...11 SEGMENT 3: San Simeon Point to Cambria...19 SEGMENT 4: Cambria...27 SEGMENT 4: Cambria...28 SEGMENT 5: Harmony Coast...35 SEGMENT 6: Estero Bluffs State Park to Cayucos...43 Appendix: Caltrans Right-of-Way Width and Cross Sections... 50

Opportunities & Constraints 1. Introduction This Opportunities and Constraints Summary for the Northern San Luis Obispo County Coastal Trail Master Plan (SLOCCT) describes the site-specific conditions that present significant opportunities and constraints along the trail corridor. The Summary calls on information from the Existing Conditions Report and information gathered or reviewed by the consultant team to provide a more focused evaluation of what these conditions imply for trail routing and design. Along with the Design Criteria, the Opportunities and Constraints Summary provides the basis for detailed trail alignment and design that will occur in the next stage of the project. The Opportunities and Constraints section is organized moving north to south through the study area. Opportunities and constraints are visually represented with six large scale maps that span the corridor and are highlighted by site photos and images from Google Earth 3D maps. This section is a summary of detailed information captured in notes from public outreach events, project GIS, field notes from site reconnaissance, and communication with land owning and managing agencies. 1

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Opportunities & Constraints SEGMENT 1: County Line to San Carpoforo Creek Description Approximately three miles long, Segment 1 of the CCT is marked by steep bluffs and challenges to trail development. The segment s portion of Highway 1 has many curves and narrow shoulders, most fewer than two feet wide with little opportunity for financially feasible expansion. There is a small access point just north of San Carpoforo Creek that can accommodate up to three parked vehicles and allows users to follow the creek to the beach. Segment 1 also contains a snowy plover nesting area, so careful consideration must be given to balance the access needs and the needs of the snowy plover. Adjacent Land Ownership East: U.S. Forest Service, Hearst Corporation West: Private ownership, Hearst Corporation, U.S. Forest Service, CA State Parks Points of Interest Publicly accessible trail that leads to the beach San Carpoforo Creek 3

North San Luis Obispo County Coastal Trail Master Plan SEGMENT 1: County Line to San Carpoforo Creek Opportunities Forest Service roads and trails could provide an alignment for the CCT. East of Highway 1, Forest Service lands could provide trailhead to ridge top alignment and intersect with historic inland routes. USFS lands east if Hwy 1 could be connected to DPR lands west of Highway at creek. Cleared areas intermittently run on the outside of the guard rail on the west slope. Forest Service land uphill from Highway 1 could provide space for a possible trail alignment. There is evidence of erosion along exiting private trails in Ragged Point Inn property. It may be possible to partner with Ragged Point Inn to pay for existing trail improvements in exchange for public access. South of San Carpoforo Creek, the Caltrans Right-of-Way (ROW) is relatively flat and free of sensitive vegetation. The trail could cross under Highway 1 at San Carpoforo Creek. The south side of the existing bridge provides the best opportunity. There is also good sight distance for an at-grade crossing near San Carpoforo Creek. There is beach access from the north side of the San Carpoforo Creek bridge. Hwy 1 Call Box 1-703 Public/DPR lands at Creek mouth and south along the beach Constraints Drainages are areas of high erosion and often contain sensitive habitat. The following drainages exist in Segment 1: o Drainage 3-1, immediately south of Ragged Point Inn o Drainage 3-2 at a hairpin turn just north of San Carpoforo Creek o San Carpoforo Creek (existing bridge does not have sufficient room for a separate bicycle and pedestrian path) Sight distance is poor at entrance to Forest Service trail due to a blind curve northbound. Constrained ROW at hairpin turn provides a less than one foot shoulder with guardrail adjacent to cliff. Most shoulders on Highway 1 are less than two feet. Snowy plover nesting habitat on the beach near San Carpoforo Creek. Land at creek east of Highway 1 (cut off USFS lands from DPR/Caltrans lands and easements to the west) is privately held. 4

Opportunities & Constraints SEGMENT 1: County Line to San Carpoforo Creek Representative Perspective Views Rugged terrain looking north from Ragged Point Inn provides scenic views, but also constrains off-highway trail alignments. San Carpoforo Creek is a point where beach access is available. However, conflicts with the existing snowy plover nesting area must be addressed. 5

North San Luis Obispo County Coastal Trail Master Plan SEGMENT 1: County Line to San Carpoforo Creek Site Photos Area of Interest Dramatic views of the coastline from the Ragged Point Inn are currently available to the public, but the CCT alignment will likely need to be east of Highway 1. A fire road maintained by the USFS. The CCT could incorporate or connect to existing trails in Los Padres National Forest. 6

Opportunities & Constraints SEGMENT 1: County Line to San Carpoforo Creek Area of Interest Site Photos A rocky beach on the north side of San Carpoforo Creek provides a trailside amenity for pedestrians and cyclists. However, it is a (seasonal) snowy plovers nesting area. The bridge crossing San Carpoforo Creek has narrow shoulders that may not safely accommodate bicyclists and pedestrians. 7

North San Luis Obispo County Coastal Trail Master Plan SEGMENT 1: County Line to San Carpoforo Creek Site Photos Area of Interest North of San Carpoforo Creek, shoulders along Highway 1 are generally narrow. It may be possible to widen the shoulders in some areas to accommodate bicyclists more comfortably. Where at-grade crossings aren t possible, trails can cross under bridges to the other side of the highway. For example, this bridge at San Carpoforo Creek provides a desirable crossing because the U.S. Forest service manages land east of the highway and California State Parks manages land west of the freeway. 8

Opportunities & Constraints SEGMENT 1: County Line to San Carpoforo Creek Environmental Constraints Agricultural Important agricultural soils are located within the corridor primarily south of San Carpoforo Creek. Some grazing exists south of San Carpoforo Creek, although the topography and narrow corridor does not allow for substantial areas of pasture within this segment. Segment 1 contains limited agricultural improvements and no parcels under Williamson Act contracts. Biological Rare plant and animal species occur near San Carpoforo Creek. The beach at the mouth of San Carpoforo Creek contains western snowy plover habitat. Cultural Several cultural resources sites sit near the Ragged Point Inn Cultural sites north of San Carpoforo Creek could be avoided with an east-side alignment. Geological North of San Carpoforo Creek is characterized by steep topography caused by tectonic uplift and constant wave erosion. The resulting steep cliffs and partially formed marine terraces are prone to frequent landslides that close the highway. Attempts to widen the shoulder of Highway 1 North of San Carpoforo Creek would face significant geologic hazards and engineering challenges due to these conditions. Coastal bluffs retreat at variable rates. 9

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Opportunities & Constraints SEGMENT 2: Hearst San Simeon State Park Ragged Point Conservation Area to Piedras Blancas Description South of San Carpoforo Creek, the Study Area follows gently rolling coastal grassland and scrub through the Ragged Point Conservation Area, following the State Parks Scenic Conservation Easement along the west side of Highway 1. San Simeon State Park begins at mile post (MP) 69.4. A relatively straight and flat segment of Highway 1 travels across the coastal terrace to the beginning of the Piedras Blancas realignment at Arroyo de la Cruz (MP 66.8). Through the realignment segment, coastal bluff erosion has left the highway close to the shoreline. The existing Highway 1 corridor will be made available to the CCT. Half of the width of the existing road will be left for use by the CCT. The remaining portion will be removed and restored. Popular attractions along this stretch of coastline include Piedras Blancas Lighthouse (mp 63.65) and an elephant seal colony just to the south. Segment two extends for approximately 9.8 miles. Adjacent Land Ownership East of Highway 1: Hearst Corporation, some privately held parcels West of Highway 1: CA State Parks, including the Ragged Point Conservation and Public Access Area Easement and a DPR/Caltrans - owned Scenic and Public Access Easement Bureau of Land Management, Hearst Corporation Points of Interest / Services Ragged Point Conservation and Public Access Easement Area Bluff Access along the DPR/Caltrans owned scenic and public access easement adjacent to Highway 1 Piedras Blancas Motel site, lighthouse tour meeting area Parking areas include informal pullouts south of Arroyo De La Cruz, the Piedras Blancas Motel site, south of Arroyo De Corral, the elephant seal viewing area and Adobe Creek Piedras Blancas Lighthouse (restricted public access). Elephant seal viewing area (parking, bike parking, restrooms, interpretive sites, benches) Pullouts: MP 61.3, MP 60.1 (kite surfing), and MP 59.4 (small loop) 11

North San Luis Obispo County Coastal Trail Master Plan SEGMENT 2: Hearst San Simeon State Park Ragged Point Conservation Area to Piedras Blancas Opportunities DPR-owned Ragged Point Conservation and Public Access EasementArea DPR/Caltrans - owned Scenic and Public Access Easement adjacent to Highway 1 Ample width between Highway 1 and the coastline until Arroyo de la Cruz 40 wide bridge with 8 shoulders (Additional railing height needed to provide for safe pedestrian crossing) Beach access (MP 67.6, MP 66.5) Highway 1 Call Boxes (MP 67.4, 62.5) Former road on west side of Highway 1 (MP 66.8 to MP 66.6) Seasonal Beach Access (MP 64.9), closed annually from December 15th through March 31st Several informal pullouts along the highway The 6 boardwalk in the Elephant Seal Viewing Area stops abruptly on the southern end and would need a transition to connect with through trail. Existing informal trails in San Simeon State Park, north of Elephant Seals Small ridge on west side of highway at MP 61 presents an opportunity to elevate the trail above the highway bed and provide good coastal views. 12 hatched area on east side of roadway between MP 60.7 and MP 60.55 The Caltrans realignment project will provide the opportunity for separated paved trail on the west side of Highway 1. The realigned highway will be east of the current highway. About half of the width of the existing roadbed will be left for use by the CCT. The rest will be removed and restored with native vegetation. Additional lands will be transferred to DPR as part of the alignment project. BLM has plans for expanded public parking and greater public access at the Piedras Blancas Light House. Constraints Drainages: o Arroyo Hondo (culvert) o Drainages 6-1 (culvert with guard rail), 6-2 (MP 69.3), and 6-3 (MP 69.1), which is at least 20 feet deep. In all cases there is sufficient ROW above the culvert for a pedestrian/bicycle path. o Drainage 6-4 (MP 68.9), and Drainage 6-5 (MP 68.8) are small. Drainage 6-6 is large and has a guard rail and limited ROW (68.6). The amount of land available west of Highway 1 narrows here as well, to 180 feet. Overgrown shrubs along the road shoulder need trimming. Road has been cut into hillside at many locations throughout the corridor. Restrictions on development of the DPR/Caltrans owned scenic and public access easement adjacent to Highway 1 Several drainage crossings in San Simeon State park north of Arroyo de la Cruz. Typically 8-14 width between shoulder and barrier above culvert One very deeply cut channel, 20-30 deep (MP 69.1) A Culvert at Arroyo de los Chinos (MP 68.2) leaves 13.5 between the guard rail and a barbed wire fence. The construction of a bench trail over the culvert would require a retaining wall. Bridge at Arroyo de la Cruz has steep slopes (approx 30%) on embankment. A trail in San Simeon State Park that returned to the highway to cross Arroyo de la Cruz would need switchbacks to reach the road elevation. Jersey barrier between the highway and the coast from MP 65.4 to 65.3 Potential conflicts with increased use along bluff trail and close proximity to Elephant Seals South of Elephant Seals, wetland areas next to the shoulder may constrain the trail alignment Sensitive Dune Habitat immediately South of Elephant Seal Boardwalk Seals are migrating north of Piedras Blancas. Arroyo De La Cruz is extremely wide, variable flow, high flow during winter, very difficult to span outside of exist-ing Hwy 1 Bridge. Scoped by Karl Knapp & company possible candidate for seasonal wire bridge. E-Seals haul out at Arroyo De La Cruz, Light Station Beach, and throughout this segment. Archaeological site at Arroyo De La Cruz Caltrans will use Arroyo De La Cruz wetlands as mitigation site and establish Red Legged Frog pond. Sensitive Dune Habitat at Arroyo De La Cruz and Light Station 12

Opportunities & Constraints SEGMENT 2: Hearst San Simeon State Park Ragged Point Conservation Area to Piedras Blancas Representative Perspective Views Highway 1 south towards Hearst San Simeon State Park is relatively straight and flat. The existing Scenic and Public Access Conservation Easement to the west of the highway is an opportunity for off Highway trail development. Typical view through Hearst San Simeon State Park. The terrain is relatively flat and provides excellent coastal views. Highway 1 will be realigned to the east in this section. Portions of the old roadbed will be preserved for the CCT. All land west of the new alignment will be transferred to DPR. 13

North San Luis Obispo County Coastal Trail Master Plan SEGMENT 2: Hearst San Simeon State Park Ragged Point Conservation Area to Piedras Blancas Site Photos Area of Interest Bicycling on Highway 1 is popular among cyclists. While the existing shoulder is too narrow for these cyclists to ride on, the gravel area could be easily paved to provide a wider shoulder and/or Class I trail. The DPR/Caltrans owned scenic and Public access easement along the Ragged Point Conservation Area is another opportunity for an off highway route for cyclists. This relatively undeveloped section of coastline affords stunning ocean views and quiet beaches. However, erosion may threaten the coastal bluffs. The DPR/Caltrans- owned Scenic and Public Access Easement that extends along the Ragged Point Conservation Area adjacent to Highway 1 is an opportunity for locating a trail alignment away from the eroding bluffs. A typical drainage-crossing culvert condition in San Simeon State Park. In most instances, there is sufficient space to place a trail above the culvert near the road. Some sites, however, would require a retaining wall. Complete removal of culverts through the realignment section will need to be considered on a case by case basis to accommodate the CCT. 14

Opportunities & Constraints SEGMENT 2: Hearst San Simeon State Park Ragged Point Conservation Area to Piedras Blancas Area of Interest Site Photos There are existing trails at the Piedras Blancas Motel property, which provide sweeping coastal views and seasonal access to a beach. The Piedras Blancas Light Station is managed by BLM. California State Parks also manages land in this area, which is open to public access. The broad coastal terrace and interpretive opportunities may support the CCT. DPR and BLM have a partnership to manage this area and a new parking area and trailhead is planned to facilitate visitation to the light station. Light Station beach is an elephant seal breeding ground and human interaction will need to be carefully managed.. Elephant Seals bask on the beach near Piedras Blancas. This area is impacted by coastal erosion and volunteer trails. The CCT should be designed to allow opportunities for visitors to enjoy the Elephant Seals while reducing impacts to surrounding habitat. 15

North San Luis Obispo County Coastal Trail Master Plan SEGMENT 2: Hearst San Simeon State Park Ragged Point Conservation Area to Piedras Blancas Site Photos Area of Interest Informal beach accesses like the one depicted here may contribute to erosion of coastal terraces. There are tide pools in many sections along the coast. Beach access through Hearst San Simeon State Park is typically provided on volunteer trails. Coastal grassland is the dominant vegetation type, though some rare species occur. 16

Opportunities & Constraints SEGMENT 2: Hearst San Simeon State Park Ragged Point Conservation Area to Piedras Blancas Environmental Constraints Agricultural Much of the segment includes agricultural soils identified as important in the County LCP. Agricultural improvements are rare within this segment, especially between Highway 1 and the ocean. No significant agricultural accessory structures such as barns or corrals exist adjacent to the Highway 1 right-of-way. No parcels in the area are under conservation easements, though there are deed restrictions on the Hearst Ranch that encourage long-term agricultural use. Biological Forested Wetland near Arroyo de la Cruz Piedras Blancas Environmental Impact report describes Coastal Prairie as a sensitive resource that occurs in the area. Rare plant and animal species near Arroyo de la Cruz Serpentine rock near Arroyo del Corral on the beach Marine mammals Snowy plovers Cultural Large cultural resource site at the northern edge of San Simeon State Park North Coast Several cultural resource sits at Arroyo del Oso Impacts could be reduced by locating the trail within suitable sections of the realigned highway segment. A Large cultural site at Arroyo Hondo would be difficult to avoid without constructing a pedestrian or bicycle bridge near the coast. Geological Dominated by coastal terrace geology, with few geologic hazards Bluff retreat may limit trail alignment options both along Highway 1 and at the coast. Near Piedras Blancas Motel, Stormwater sheet occasionally flows over the bluff edge, likely exacerbating bluff retreat and small slope failures. 17

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Opportunities & Constraints SEGMENT 3: San Simeon Point to Cambria Description Segment 3 is approximately 9.2 miles long and extends past San Simeon Point, the entrance drive to Hearst Castle through San Simeon Acres, and San Simeon State Park. The terrain remains relatively flat with ample space to align segments of the trail on the west side of Highway 1. There is a Caltrans/DPR owned Scenic and Public Access Conservation Easement beginning at about MP 59.3 and ending at MP 58.3. In the San Simeon Point Conservation Area, public access is limited to docent led to tours, although currently there is no docent tour program at this site. WR Hearst Memorial State Beach is nearby and is a popular visitor destination. The potential trail corridor continues south and crosses Pico Creek at MP 54.9. Highway 1 moves inland around the San Simeon Point Conservation and Public Access Area, which begins at MP 59.3 and enters San Simeon, a small unincorporated area with hotels and restaurants. The potential trail corridor continues south on the Caltrans/DPR-owned Scenic and Public Access Easement that runs along the DPR-owned Pico Cove Conservation and Public Access Easement area. Unrestricted publicly accessible beaches are located at the mouth of Pico Creek, (south of the creek, the mouth is on County and/or SSCSD lands) and continue south along the former Junge Ranch to San Simeon Creek Campground. Bluff top trails also extend south of Pico Creek along private land developed with a large hotel complex (Best Western Cavalier Hotel), across a broad coastal terrace south of the commercial district that is part of Hearst San Simeon State Park. From here, a trail connection to the east side of Hwy 1 would connect the CCT to San Simeon State Park and campground. A connection back to the west side of Hwy 1 would be needed to connect the trail and campground to the oceanside portions of San Simeon State Park that extend along Moonstone Drive in Cambria. Adjacent Land Ownership East: Hearst Corporation, Private ownership, CA State Parks West: CA State Parks, Hearst Corporation, Private ownership Points of Interest / Services Hearst Castle W.R. Hearst Memorial Beach: Restrooms, NOAA s Coastal Discovery Center, Picnic Areas Sebastian s General Store Hotels, restaurants and souvenir shops in San Simeon San Simeon State Park: Two campgrounds, interpretive signage, hiking trails Pico Cove Conservation and Public Access Area San Simeon Point Conservation and Public Access Area Caltrans/DPR-owned Scenic and Public Access Easements at San Simeon Point and Pico Cove San Simeon Pier 19

North San Luis Obispo County Coastal Trail Master Plan SEGMENT 3: San Simeon Point to Cambria Opportunities San Simeon Road is a low traffic volume road. Good sight distance at Hwy 1 and Hearst Castle Road intersection (might allow an at-grade crossing) Little Pico Creek Bridge (MP 56.42) Old footing in creek bed Eight foot paved shoulder An undercrossing is possible on south side (10 foot vertical clearance). An east side alignment might be sensible between Little Pico Creek and Pico Creek. Unpaved road within Hearst San Simeon Scenic Conservation Easement Parking, beach access and popular kite-surfing area (MP 60.1) Arroyo Laguna Bridge (MP 60) has eight-foot shoulders, however, the guardrails are low (30 inches) Pedestrian/Bicycle Connections could be made between Hearst Castle Visitor s Center and W.R. Hearst Memorial Beach. At-grade crossing opportunities exist at the intersection of Highway 1 and Pico Avenue. Frontage roads on both sides of Highway 1 in San Simeon. Beach accesses throughout San Simeon In San Simeon, there are existing ADA-accessible private trails whose owners support the California Coastal Trail. Existing footbridge, highway undercrossing, and beach access at San Simeon Creek (MP 53) Junge Ranch Property (until MP 53.7) Excellent views Existing pedestrian trail Environmental mitigation is possible by closing existing trails through wetland areas. Ample land on west side of Highway 1 between Lone Palm Drive and San Simeon Creek Ample land on east side of Highway 1 between San Simeon Creek and Moonstone Beach Drive Good sight distance for potential at-grade crossing at Lone Palm Drive that would connect to San Simeon State Park Existing pedestrian footbridge over San Simeon Creek on east side of Highway 1 Scenic vistas: MP 52.9, MP 52.7-52.6 Opportunities for environmental mitigation by consolidating sprawling parking areas Pico Cove Conservation and Public Access Area San Simeon Point Conservation and Public Access Area Constraints The paved width of San Simeon Road is approximately 26 feet but is constrained on both sides by parallel parking and ditches. The segments without ditches have 16 foot wide grass shoulders. The bridge across Arroyo del Puerto is narrow. Narrow crossing of Broken Bridge Creek Driveway crossing on east side before Pico Bridge San Simeon Point is retained by Hearst Corporation and is only available for docent-led tours. Pico Creek Bridge has wide shoulders to accommodate bicyclists. However, pedestrians must also share the shoulder. No sidewalk for parts of Hearst Drive in San Simeon South of San Simeon Creek, there is restricted width on the west side of Highway 1 Junge Ranch has a major drainage and some coastal bluff erosion Very little land and significant coastal bluff erosion west of Highway 1 between San Simeon Creek and Moonstone Beach Drive. Large ditch just north of Moonstone Beach drive. Two drainages at MP 62.5 and minor drainages at MP 60.55 and MP 59.3 (typical culvert) Restrictions on DPR use and development of Pico Creek Conservation and Public Access Area Restrictions on DPR use and development of San Simeon Point Conservation and Public Access Area 20

Opportunities & Constraints SEGMENT 3: San Simeon Point to Cambria Representative Perspective Views The Arroyo Laguna Bridge is a significant crossing in Segment 3. Alternative crossings for the CCT may be a challenge due to environmental and engineering constraints. W.R. Hearst Memorial Beach (looking south) is a very popular destination for locals and visitors. This driveway to the north also leads to Hearst Castle, a popular destination. Coastal Bluff erosion threatens the existing trails at Junge Ranch. The plan for the CCT will include recommended sustainable trails through this portion of the coast. 21

North San Luis Obispo County Coastal Trail Master Plan SEGMENT 3: San Simeon Point to Cambria Site Photos Area of Interest Pedestrians traveling between the Hearst Castle Visitor s Center and the Beach already use the wide intersection of Hearst Castle Road and San Simeon Road near W.R. Hearst Memorial State Beach. Crossing conditions could be improved. William Randolph Hearst Memorial State Beach provides facilities for visitors to Hearst Castle as well as through-visitors such as pedestrians and bicyclists. There are boat rentals, restrooms, and a large beach. Public access to San Simeon Point (in background) will become available when DPR completes an access management plan required by the San Simeon Point Conservation and Public Access Area Easement. 22

Opportunities & Constraints SEGMENT 3: San Simeon Point to Cambria Area of Interest Site Photos The bridge at Little Pico Creek provides nice views of the coast and an opportunity for a below-grade crossing of Highway 1. Pedestrians must currently share the roadway with bicyclists and motor vehicles. The old bridge footings shown in the photo could possibly be re-purposed. There are existing pedestrian trails in Junge Ranch just south of San Simeon. The CCT could use the existing trail system or mitigate environmental impacts by closing existing trails through wetland areas. 23

North San Luis Obispo County Coastal Trail Master Plan SEGMENT 3: San Simeon Point to Cambria Site Photos Area of Interest Pico Creek is just north of San Simeon Acres. Public access to the creek will become available when DPR completes an access management plan required by the Pico Cove Conservation and Public Access Area Easement. The Pico Creek bridge has eight foot shoulders and high guard rails. On the South side, an existing underpass allows pedestrians to cross Highway 1 below grade. San Simeon State Park has a well-developed trail system and includes a pedestrian and bicycle bridge over San Simeon Creek in San Simeon State Park. In light of major physical constraints on the west side of the roadway, this trail system provides an opportunity to route the trail inland for a short segment. One of many beach accesses in San Simeon. A Pipe Bridge traverses Arroyo del PadreJuan, a crossing that could be formalized. 24

Opportunities & Constraints SEGMENT 3: San Simeon Point to Cambria Environmental Constraints Agricultural Important Agricultural Soils exist throughout this segment Few agricultural improvements in this area other than cattle fencing Bulls seen grazing in San Simeon Point Easement area. A parcel between Van Gordon Creek and Highway 1 is under Williamson Act contract. Biological Rare animal species documented at Little Pico Creek and upstream at Arroyo del Puerto Rare plant and animal species found at a few locations in San Simeon State Park. Cultural Unavoidable cultural resource site at Arroyo Laguna Several small cultural resource sites within the San Simeon Point Easement Several cultural resource sites exist within San Simeon State Park. Because the Park is already developed with RV sites, additional impacts from the CCT are likely minimal. Geological Substantial portions of this segment are relatively narrow Bluff retreat will play a large role in determining trail alignments along the coast and the Highway 1 corridor. Junge Ranch trails appear to be successfully located in close proximity to the bluff edge without affecting drainage patterns or resulting in erosion. 25

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Opportunities & Constraints SEGMENT 4: Cambria Description Cambria is the most densely populated area along the CCT corridor. Moonstone Drive features an existing boardwalk and many amenities for trail users that are located within Hearst San Simeon State Park and managed by State Parks. Fiscalini Ranch Preserve divides the city into northern and southern parts and has been protected open space since 2000. Several trails crisscross the ranch property and connect to other parts of the City. Segment 4 is about 4.2 miles long. Adjacent Land Ownership Fiscalini Ranch: Cambria CSD San Simeon State Park: State Parks Surrounding neighborhood: Private, Cambria Community Services District, County of San Luis Obispo Points of Interest / Services Leffingwell Landing: boat launch, outdoor wedding/special event venues Moonstone Boardwalk: Dining,, lodging, trails, Downtown Cambria: Dining, lodging, bike shops, gift shops Several connections to Cambria trails Public Transportation 27

North San Luis Obispo County Coastal Trail Master Plan SEGMENT 4: Cambria Opportunities Potential at-grade crossing opportunity at Exotic Garden Road The Moonstone Beach Drive Bridge over Leffingwell Creek has eight foot paved shoulders with railings. Existing class I path on south side of Highway 1 from Windsor Boulevard to Cambria Road Connections possible to Santa Rosa Creek nature trail (would require an improved crossing at Windsor Boulevard) Shamel County Park has beach access from Windsor Drive, which could also support a possible hiking trail alignment on the beach and Nottingham Drive. Connections to Fiscalini Ranch Preserve from DPR park land and boardwalk to the north and to Cambria commercial district to the east Windsor North trailhead provides access to Bluff Trail and Marine Terrace Trail. It has trail maps and interpretive signs and features the CCT crest. Hungtinton Road provides access to the inland Ridge Trail. Huntington Road is very steep from Windsor Blvd up to the trail head (Whitehall Street could provide a good alternative). Santa Rosa Creek nature trail connects to Fiscalini Ranch from the northeast. Marine Terrace Trail and Bluff Trail accommodate bicyclists and pedestrians Beach Accesses at Wedgewood Street, Harvey Street, and Lampton Cliffs County Park Flashing warning at intersection of Ardath and Highway 1 could allow for pedestrian crossing. Existing Ridge Trail on Fiscalini Ranch Preserve may be a good route back to Highway 1 from the Marine Terrace because it comes within a few blocks of Burton Drive on quieter, less traveled streets. Signalized intersection with pedestrian push buttons at Ardath Drive Possible utility corridor from Green Street through private property to road corridor (leads to a concrete drainage channel, concrete box culvert, and can cross adjacent to shoulder). Highway 1 Call Box at MP 47.9 Constraints Drainages: MP 47.9 Sensitive habitat along Santa Rosa Creek between the coast and Windsor Boulevard Steep slopes near Fiscalini Ranch narrow bridge over Leffingwell Creek on Moonstone Beach Drive (Low traffic volumes make this an acceptable option for bicyclists, but pedestrians may need to walk on the beach) Lower sight distance south of Stafford Street (Speed Limit 35) Small drainage ditches parallel to Moonstone Beach and Windsor Drive Perpendicular parking at Shamel County Park Most land in Cambria south of Fiscalini Ranch is privately owned. Few sidewalks along Cambria streets. Higher traffic volumes on Highway 1 than other trail segments Ardath route back to Hwy 1 is a busy artery and constrained by a narrow road with little or no shoulders and steep grade from the marine terrace over the ridge. Monterey Pine Forest in southern Cambria Major intersection with State Highway 46 on east side Large wetland at Monte Cristo Road would hinder expansion of the shoulder 28

Opportunities & Constraints SEGMENT 4: Cambria Representative Perspective Views Moonstone Beach Drive and boardwalk is a popular destination in Cambria. Windsor Drive crosses the Santa Rosa Creek Trail shown in the photo. The road continues to Shamel Park and has access to the beach. The broad open landscape of the Bluff Trail and Marine Terrace Trail in Fiscalini Ranch provides fantastic views both inland and to the coast. The trails here are well used. 29

North San Luis Obispo County Coastal Trail Master Plan SEGMENT 4: Cambria Site Photos Area of Interest A large drainage just north of Moonstone Beach Drive could pose challenges to the design of the CCT where there is not sufficient room for a bench trail. A boardwalk parallels Moonstone Beach Drive through northern Cambria, providing a hiking trail with low environmental impact that is ADAaccessible. There are ample connections to this boardwalk from Moonstone Beach Drive. 30

Opportunities & Constraints SEGMENT 4: Cambria Area of Interest Site Photos The Santa Rosa Creek Trail is maintained by the Cambria Community Services District. It connects Northern Cambria to Fiscalini Ranch Preserve and to other trails on the east side of Cambria. Fiscalini Ranch Preserve is located in Cambria and has many hiking trails with outstanding views of the coast. The Bluff Trail is a boardwalk that parallels the coastal bluff. Some trails are already signed with the CCT crest. 31

North San Luis Obispo County Coastal Trail Master Plan SEGMENT 4: Cambria Site Photos Area of Interest The Bluff Trail terminates in southern Cambria at South Windsor Boulevard, connecting the two parts of the village. Benches, interpretive signage, and waste receptacles are provided. Beach accesses are provided intermittently throughout Cambria. This one is ADA-compliant and provides bicycle parking 32

Opportunities & Constraints SEGMENT 4: Cambria Environmental Constraints Agricultural Important Agricultural Soils within this segment, although this segment is the most heavily urbanized and there is little expectation that the soils would be used for agricultural production. No agricultural accessory structures other than cattle fencing exist within this segment. Important Agricultural Soils in the northern Harmony Headlands Biological Rare plant and animal species documented in Leffingwell Creek and Santa Rosa Creek. Multiple instances of rare plant species documented in Fiscalini Ranch Additional Impacts due to the CCT are unlikely to be significant due to the urbanized nature of the corridor Cultural Numerous cultural resources identified in Fiscalini Ranch (The CCT in Segment 4 will all be on existing trails, so additional impacts will likely not be significant). Numerous cultural resource sites identified in southern Cambria. Geological The topographic conditions in Segment 4 are highly variable. Relatively steep slopes adjacent to Highway 1 south of Cambria showed evidence of shallow slope failure. Trails on Fiscalini Ranch provide good examples of the construction techniques that might be required throughout the corridor to avoid geologic constraints such as bluff retreat, incised drainages, and erosion. 33

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Opportunities & Constraints SEGMENT 5: Harmony Coast Description The Harmony Headlands are steep, rolling hills between Highway 1 and the coast. Harmony Headlands State Park provides beach access and amenities for trail users. Private lands between Cambria and Estero Bluffs State Park pose challenges to connecting access along this stretch of coastline. Additional easements or land acquisition will be required for the trail to follow any alignment outside the Caltrans ROW. Alignments off the road shoulder are feasible, however some sections will require significant earthwork to accommodate a trail. Segment 5 is about 7.6 miles long. Adjacent Land Ownership East: private West: private, CA State Parks; County & State Coastal Commission access easements, private north of Villa Creek Points of Interest / Services Harmony Headlands State Park, hiking trails, parking, restrooms, (located down the trail). Cultural resources, including historic ranch house in Harmony Headlands State Park, provide opportunities for interpretive signage and guided hikes. 35

North San Luis Obispo County Coastal Trail Master Plan SEGMENT 5: Harmony Coast Opportunities Connection from Harmony Headlands State Park to Estero Bluffs State Park may be possible (via County and/or Coastal Commission easements) Possible alignment on both sides of highway (four feet on each side) to fully utilize limited ROW Wide existing shoulders (8 feet to 10 feet) for most of the corridor makes Highway 1 well-suited to cyclists Wide Caltrans ROW includes raised area on west side for some sections, potentially elevating trail users. Constraints Drainages: MP 43.7 Private land ownership between Highway 1 and the ocean Highway 1 was cut into a hillside, creating steep slopes and roadside ditches in spot locations along the segment. These issues are typically worse on the east side than on the west. Entrance drive to Harmony Headlands State Park difficult to see from road (poor sightlines) Highway 1 is about one mile from the ocean. 36

Opportunities & Constraints SEGMENT 5: Harmony Coast Representative Perspective Views Wide shoulders and steep terrain are typical of the alignment options through the Harmony Coast. Hills and ditches along the Harmony Coast can be a challenge to trail alignment options. However, the existing eight foot shoulders make this segment popular with cyclists. The hills are lower toward the Harmony Headlands State Park and open up to the Estero Bluffs. 37

North San Luis Obispo County Coastal Trail Master Plan SEGMENT 5: Harmony Coast Site Photos Area of Interest This large wetland at the intersection of Monte Cristo Avenue and Highway 1 may present challenges for the construction of a pedestrian and bicycle trail on the side of the roadway. In some spot locations between Cambria and Harmony, there are low roadside ditches, sometimes compounded by the presence of steep hillsides. Here there is approximately an eight foot flat area before dropping down to the ditch. 38

Opportunities & Constraints SEGMENT 5: Harmony Coast Area of Interest Site Photos Steep hillsides can pose a challenge to the inclusion of pedestrian paths. However, in many cases, the wide Highway 1 ROW extends to the top of the hill, creating opportunities for an enhanced user experience and greater separation from the highway. Harmony Headlands State Park provides hiking trails, beach access, bike parking, restrooms, and interpretive signage. Its entrance is not easily seen from Highway 1. 39

North San Luis Obispo County Coastal Trail Master Plan SEGMENT 5: Harmony Coast Site Photos Area of Interest An old gravel road appears intermittently within the Highway 1 ROW, creating opportunities to provide multi-use paths with low impact. The broad, even shoulders of Highway 1 through the Harmony Headlands make the segment fairly comfortable for cycling. 40

Opportunities & Constraints SEGMENT 5: Harmony Coast Environmental Constraints Agricultural Important agricultural soils within this segment, mostly in the northern Harmony Headlands. Though most are distant from Highway 1, agricultural accessory structures are more prevalent on this segment than others. Some parcels are under Williamson Act Contract. Biological Freshwater wetland areas near Villa Creek. Some rare plant and animal sightings throughout the corridor (some near Highway 1 and others scattered through Harmony Headlands State Park) The Villa Creek floodplain includes high-quality habitat for sensitive plant and animal species including snowy plovers. This area presents the largest and most complex area of biological resources constraints. Cultural Some cultural resource sites located along Highway 1 through this segment Located either on private land or in an area already impacted by Highway 1, most cultural resources sites will not be impacted by the likely trail alignment. Geological Small, shallow slope failures are relatively common along this segment of Highway 1 (both in native soils and those modified during the construction of the highway during the rainy season). The bluff conditions are relatively consistent with the rest of the corridor. However the marine terraces are quite narrow. Hillsides slope steeply up from the bluff edge. Villa Creek may flood during the rainy season. 41

North San Luis Obispo County Coastal Trail Master Plan 42

Opportunities & Constraints SEGMENT 6: Estero Bluffs State Park to Cayucos Description State Park land west of Highway 1 along the Estero Bluffs provides many opportunities for developing the CCT, although several drainages and biological resources pose challenges. There are many pullouts, some that should remain and some that should be closed and/or consolidated. Numerous trails crisscross the bluffs; this plan will recommend formalizing some of those and closing and restoring others. Adjacent Land Ownership East: private; scenic easement (owned by Cayucos Land Conservancy) West: California State Parks Points of Interest Estero Bluffs State Park Cayucos Pier: Dining, shopping, restrooms, beach access, parking 43

North San Luis Obispo County Coastal Trail Master Plan SEGMENT 6: Estero Bluffs State Park to Cayucos Opportunities Contiguous 4-mile coastal terrace and beaches under State Parks ownership and management from Estero Bluffs to Cayucos. Frequent existing informal trails throughout Estero Bluffs. Some of these could be formalized and those crossing sensitive habitat could be closed as a mitigation measure. There are only three private landowners with property between Harmony Headlands State Park and Estero Bluffs State Park. As of June, 2011, one parcel was for sale. This may provide an opportunity for the CCT to stay close to the coastline for a significant distance. Gravel road appears intermittently on the west side of the Caltrans ROW. 50 shoulder with gravel base could provide an opportunity separated pedestrian path or for a Class I path. Along Estero Bluffs, there are many informal parking areas, which may be consolidated in a Caltrans study. Throughout the park there are frequent beach accesses and drainage crossings. Estero Bluffs State Park provides beach access and tide pools. Surfing and hiking were observed during field work. Access to the City of Cayucos Beach Access. Muddy parking area in Caltrans ROW could be used or revegetated. Bike lane and sidewalk at north end of Ocean Avenue Connection to pier via Cayucos Drive preferred route. Connection to SLO County Parks Trail (Morro Bay Cayucos Connector) Constraints Villa Creek Bridge is a highly constrained area. At the western edge of Estero Bluffs State Park, there is a large wetland area and other sensitive habitats, i.e. tidepools and snowy plover. The use of a boardwalk could help to reduce impacts. The possibility of flooding in this segment could pose challenges for the trail alignment. MP 39.1: Drainage with Concrete pipe culvert at road. Existing stepping stone crossing through dense brush. Steep slopes leading to stepping stones. Concrete box culvert at drainage. Very steep at edge of road. Would need a retaining wall to have separated path adjacent to road shoulder at this location. Several small drainages throughout Estero Bluffs State Park Habitat Restoration Area around a major drainage. There are no direct sidewalk connections to Cayucos Creek Bridge, and no possibility for a pedestrian undercrossing, though traffic volumes and speeds are generally low here Sidewalk is intermittent on west side of Ocean Ave. 44

Opportunities & Constraints SEGMENT 6: Estero Bluffs State Park to Cayucos Representative Perspective Views Wetlands, beaches, and existing trails exist in Estero Bluffs State Park. Some of these trails can be formalized and used as part of the CCT. Others should be closed and restored to protect sensitive environmental lands. Much of the coastline through Estero Bluffs is scalloped. Bluff erosion can be as much as 20 inches per year depending on the location and the makeup of the geology on the coastline. North Ocean Drive descends into the village of Cayucos. Cayucos pier is a popular visitor destination. 45

North San Luis Obispo County Coastal Trail Master Plan SEGMENT 6: Estero Bluffs State Park to Cayucos Site Photos Area of Interest This hiking trail crosses a drainage in Estero Bluffs State Park. Throughout the State Park, many informal trails, often overgrown with vegetation, descend steeply to the drainage and cross with stepping stones. A woman crosses a drainage at the beach in Estero Bluffs State Park. Routing hiking trails to the beach, like this trail, is a possibility for hikers but not other trail users. 46

Opportunities & Constraints SEGMENT 6: Estero Bluffs State Park to Cayucos Area of Interest Site Photos The steep slopes east of the highway contribute to large drainages throughout Estero Bluffs. This one passes through a large culvert under terrain that drops steeply from the highway shoulder s edge. A bike trail would likely require a retaining wall. Northwest of Cayucos, there are several dirt roads lain in the Caltrans ROW near Highway 1. These areas could potentially be used for the Coastal Trail or re-vegetated as a mitigation measure. 47

North San Luis Obispo County Coastal Trail Master Plan SEGMENT 6: Estero Bluffs State Park to Cayucos Site Photos Area of Interest Cayucos has on-street bicycle facilities like the bike lane and bike route pictured here. There is no sidewalk leading to this bridge over Cayucos Creek, making pedestrian crossing challenging. However, the low speed limit and speed feedback sign may improve safety. This intersection of North Ocean Avenue and a busy parking lot in Cayucos would likely be on the CCT. However, this intersection has poor sight distance, an issue exacerbated by the placement of solid waste receptacles. 48

Opportunities & Constraints SEGMENT 6: Estero Bluffs State Park to Cayucos Environmental Constraints Agricultural Nearly the entire segment includes soils identified as important in the County s Conservation and open Space Element. There is little to no expectation that the area west of Highway 1 would be converted to an agricultural use. A large portion of the corridor east of Highway 1 in this corridor is under Williamson Act contract. Biological Larger drainages such as Geronimo Creek and Cayucos Creek provide good quality habitat for sensitive plant and animal species, including snowy plovers. Many Environmentally Sensitive Habitat Areas exist throughout the segment. Avoiding them is generally not entirely feasible. Cultural Numerous archaeological sites throughout this segment (Many are along existing volunteer trails) The trail alignment through the San Geronimo Creek area has many important historical sites that could be avoided. Geological Villa Creek may flood during rainy winters. Coastal Bluff Retreat is a serious consideration in this section, with most of the existing bluff trail within the zone likely to erode by 2100. Issues such as landslides and slope failure identified to the north throughout the Harmony Headlands are generally not present 49

North San Luis Obispo County Coastal Trail Master Plan Appendix: Caltrans Right-of-Way Width and Cross Sections The available room in the Highway 1 right-of-way beyond the paved shoulder is an important opportunity or constraint for routing the CCT. In some cases the trail must be located in the right-of-way because of lack of public access or lack of physical space. In other cases, sensitive resources may require that the trail be located in the right-of-way. This section summarizes right-of-way width along various segments of the route. SEGMENT 1: County Line to San Carpoforo Creek Caltrans ROW Width / Cross Section North of San Carpoforo Creek shoulder widths range from 0 4 feet. Near Ragged Point Inn, the shoulder on the eastern side is 0 feet and the shoulder on the western side is 2 feet with an additional 8 foot graded area. Between Ragged Point Inn and San Carpoforo Creek, shoulders range from 0 1 feet and their expansion would require substantial earthwork. SEGMENT 2: Hearst San Simeon State Park Ragged Point Conservation Area to Piedras Blancas Caltrans ROW Width / Cross Section This segment typically provides a 60 foot ROW until Arroyo de la Cruz. After realignment, half of the road bed will be re-graded and the other half made available to the Coastal Trail. Shoulders are narrow, approximately 3 feet, with flat unpaved areas adjacent to the road bed in most cases. Approaching Arroyo de los Chinos, the shoulder disappears completely. From MP 67.4 to Arroyo de la Cruz, 8 shoulders are provided South of San Carpoforo Creek the Caltrans ROW ranges from 65 to 75 feet. Shoulders range from 0 2 feet on each side. Caltrans ROW is relatively flat and covered in non-sensitive vegetation and would provide sufficient space to extend the shoulder or provide a Class I path. After crossing Arroyo Honda, the shoulder widens to 4 feet on each side and could be easily widened further. Between the Piedras Blancas realignment and the Light Station, shoulders are generally 3 4 on the east side, and 8 on the west side. South of the Piedras Blancas Light Station, shoulders are 2 feet wide and could easily be extended on level ground within the Caltrans ROW. Shoulders consistently 8 10 between MP 62.9 and MP 61 50