1Q 2018 Review & Summer Air Travel Forecast John P. Heimlich Vice President & Chief Economist Media Briefing May 23, 2018
1Q 2018 OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL RESULTS 2
1Q 2018 Was a Very Challenging Operating Environment for U.S. Airlines Major Weather Jan 3-5 ( bomb cyclone ) Jan 7-8, 12, 16-18, 21-22 Feb 4-5, 7, 9, 11, 15, 20 Mar 2 (Winter Storm Riley northeaster) Mar 7 (Winter Storm Quinn northeaster) Mar 13 (Winter Storm Skylar northeaster) Mar 20-22 (Winter Storm Toby northeaster) Power Outages/Airport Equipment Jan 1 (U.S. CBP) nationwide outage Jan 7 (JFK T4 water main break / evacuation) Air Traffic Control Understaffing at many major facilities* Critically low staffing at New York TRACON (N90)* Airport Construction Atlanta (ATL) Chicago (MDW & ORD) Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW) Honolulu (HNL) Houston (IAH) Los Angeles (LAX) Miami (MIA) New York (EWR & LGA) Orlando (MCO) Philadelphia (PHL) Phoenix (PHX) San Diego (SAN) Tampa (TPA) Washington (DCA) * Staffing is routinely cited as the basis for many traffic management initiatives (ground delay programs, ground stops, airspace flow programs, miles-in-trail) across the NAS Source: A4A research, FAA Air Traffic Organization and masflight (subsidiary of Global Eagle) 3
1Q 2018 Featured the Lowest-Ever Recorded Rate of Involuntary Denied Boardings January-March Airline Flight Ops Impacted by Storms, Airport Construction, CBP Outage 1Q Involuntary Denied Boardings per 100K Psgrs. 1Q Flight Completion Factor (%) 2018 2017 2016 2015 1.2 Best ever 6.2 6.0 8.5 2018 2017 2016 2015 96.90 97.45 98.24 98.28 1Q On-Time Arrival Rate (%) 1Q Properly Handled Bag Rate (%) 2018 2017 2016 2015 76.26 79.98 79.42 82.11 2018 2017 2016 2015 99.64 99.71 99.74 99.72 Sources: BTS and DOT Air Travel Consumer Report (http://www.dot.gov/airconsumer/air-travel-consumer-reports) 4
The Rate of Customer Complaints Continued to Fall in 1Q 2018 Customer Complaints to DOT per 100,000 Passengers 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.92 1.86 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 1.19 0.98 0.00 1Q15 1Q16 1Q17 1Q18 Sources: DOT Air Travel Consumer Report (http://www.dot.gov/airconsumer/air-travel-consumer-reports) 5
Jan-Mar Jet-Fuel Prices Creeping Up Again A Penny per Gallon per Year Equates to ~$200M in U.S. Airline Industry Fuel Expenses $3.50 Systemwide Average Paid Price of Jet Fuel per Gallon $3.00 $2.50 3.05 3.15 3.01 2.86 $2.00 $1.50 $1.00 1.66 2.27 1.86 1.46 1.70 2.03 $0.50 0.81 $0.00 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: A4A and Bureau of Transportation Statistics (all U.S. carriers, scheduled an nonscheduled services) 6
Pax Rev (1) Cargo Rev Other Rev (2) Total OpRev Labor Fuel Maintenance Airports Aircraft Other (3) Total OpExp 1Q17 1Q18 $2.03 vs. $1.67 1Q 2018 Revenues Rose 7% But Expenses Rose 10%, Reducing Profitability Again Labor and Fuel Costs Continue to Surge, Pressuring Margins; Other Costs Rising, Too Change (%) in Operating Revenues and Expenses, 1Q18 vs. 1Q17 23.3 Pre-Tax Profit Margin (%) 18.7 18.3 6.0 7.0 6.8 5.0 3.1 9.3 9.9 6.7 4.9 $2.5B $1.9B (0.9) 1. Traffic (revenue passenger miles) up 4.5 percent; yield (revenue per passenger-mile flown up 2.3 percent; U.S. CPI up 2.2 percent 2. Sale of frequent flyer award miles to airline business partners, transportation of pets, in-sourced aircraft and engine repair, flight simulator rentals, inflight sales, etc. 3. Professional fees, food/beverage, insurance, commissions, GDS fees, communications, advertising, utilities, office supplies, crew hotels, nonfuel payments to regionals Source: A4A analysis of reports by Alaska, Allegiant, American, Delta, Hawaiian, JetBlue, Southwest, Spirit and United 7
GE Ford Airlines (1) Nordstrom Chipotle Marriott Boeing Starbucks Caterpillar Comcast Honeywell Disney Apple Railroads (2) McDonald s In 1Q 2018, U.S. Passenger Airline* Profitability Well Below Average Pre-Tax Profit Margin (% of Operating Revenues) 36.7 24.4 26.4 30.1 1.4 4.6 4.9 6.9 8.2 10.0 12.1 13.5 16.6 17.5 18.4 1 Alaska, Allegiant, American, Delta, Hawaiian, JetBlue, Southwest, Spirit and United 2 CSX, Norfolk Southern and Union Pacific Source: Company SEC filings 8
Jan-14 Mar-14 May-14 Jul-14 Sep-14 Nov-14 Jan-15 Mar-15 May-15 Jul-15 Sep-15 Nov-15 Jan-16 Mar-16 May-16 Jul-16 Sep-16 Nov-16 Jan-17 Mar-17 May-17 Jul-17 Sep-17 Nov-17 Jan-18 Mar-18 May-18 Jul-18 Sep-18 Nov-18 Jan-19 Crude-Oil Prices Rising Swiftly, to Highest Level Since Late 2014 May 2018 Averaging 50 Percent More Than May 2017 $120 Spot Price* of Brent Crude Oil ($ per Barrel) $100 $80 $60 $40 $20 $0 Source: A4A and Energy Information Administration (http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_spt_s1_d.htm) 9
AFFORDABILITY, COMPETITION AND ACCESS TO AIR TRAVEL 10
When Choosing an Airline, Leisure Travelers Value Affordability Above All Else 2017 Rankings Identical to 2016 (Schedule Solidly Second, Followed by Reliability) When traveling for personal reasons, how would you rank the following in terms of choosing which airline to fly, with 1 being your first priority and 8 being your last priority? (Base = all 2017 flyers with at least 1 personal leisure trip) Criteria 2017 (2016) Score Affordability (airfare / ancillaries / taxes) 1 (1) 2.50 (2.65) Flight schedule (routes, timings) 2 (2) 3.12 (3.23) Reliability of on-time departure and arrival 3 (3) 4.22 (4.28) Airline seat comfort 4 (4) 4.54 (4.45) Customer service (reservation/gate agents, flight attendants) 5 (5) 4.82 (4.95) Airline frequent flyer program (earn / redeem / upgrade / status) 6 (6) 5.19 (5.00) Quality of inflight amenities (food / entertainment / WiFi) 7 (7) 5.32 (5.17) Environmental responsibility 8 (8) 6.28 (6.26) Source: Ipsos survey of American adults (January 2018) 11
Round-Trip Ticket Price ($2017)* Inflation-Adjusted Fares Continued to Fall in 2017, Averaging Less Than in 2010 In Real Terms, Price of Domestic Air Travel Fell 12.5 Percent From 2014-2017 $420 250 $400 $380 $360 $340 $380 $355 $363 $340 240 230 220 210 U.S. CPI (1982-84 = 100) $320 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 U.S. CPI (right axis) Fare Only Fare + Ancillary 200 Source: A4A analysis of data from DOT Data Bank 1B (all cabins and fare basis codes) and DOT Form 41 via Airline Data Inc. * Excluding taxes 12
Number of U.S. Airports Served* Smaller U.S. Carriers Are Serving More and More Domestic Markets Competitive Presence of Low-Cost and Ultra Low-Cost Carriers Continues to Expand 120 Allegiant 100 Alaska 80 60 Frontier JetBlue 40 Spirit 20 Hawaiian 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Source: Innovata (via Diio Mi) schedules as of April 20, 2018, for selected marketing airlines including predecessors * July 15-21 of each year 13
Boston-Akron/Cleveland Is Among Countless Domestic City Pairs on Which Competition* Increased From 2007-2017 (Real Fares Down 20%, Passengers Up 23%) Calendar Year 2007 Share of BOS-CAK/CLE Passengers 63% 30% Calendar Year 2017 Share of BOS-CAK/CLE Passengers 47% 28% 12% 6% Source: DOT Data Bank 1B and Innovata published schedules via Diio Mi * Defined as carrying at least 5 percent of O&D passengers in the city pair 14
Los Angeles-Seattle Is Among Countless Domestic City Pairs on Which Competition* Increased From 2007-2017 (Real Fares Down 20%, Passengers Up 78%) Calendar Year 2007 Share of BUR/LAX/LGB-SEA Passengers 64% 17% 8% 7% Calendar Year 2017 Share of BUR/LAX/LGB-SEA Passengers 52% 19% 8% 7% 7% 5% Source: DOT Data Bank 1B and Innovata published schedules via Diio Mi * Defined as carrying at least 5 percent of O&D passengers in the city pair 15
Customers Are Seeing All-Time High of 3M+ Daily Seats Departing U.S. Airports Daily Seats (000) Departing U.S. Airports in Scheduled Service: Up 3.3% YOY 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 2,584 2,620 310 330 2,717 351 2,274 2,289 2,366 2,823 368 2,454 2,931 3,027 390 405 2,542 2,622 1,500 1,000 DOM +3.2% INT +4.0% SYS +3.3% 500 0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Domestic International Source: Innovata (via Diio Mi) published schedules as of May 18, 2018, for all airlines providing scheduled passenger service from U.S. airports to all destinations 16
DAL AUS SJC FLL CVG SEA BNA PDX RDU OAK SAN MSY MCO IND SFO SMF BOS EWR BDL LAX OMA PBI ORD SLC CMH DEN JFK HOU BUR JAX PIT OGG RSW TPA SAT LAS ONT BWI ANC DFW MCI ATL IAH STL SNA DCA MSP IAD SJU PHL DTW MIA PHX CLT LGA HNL CLE MDW MKE ABQ BUF (6) (2) 1 0 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 5 8 8 7 7 24 23 23 23 22 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 18 17 16 16 16 15 13 12 10 10 10 10 27 27 26 35 35 33 33 32 31 30 29 29 29 38 43 42 49 55 54 67 64 Almost Every Major* U.S. Airport Has Seen Supply of Seats Rise Over Past 5 Years % Change in Scheduled-Service Seats Available: July 2018 vs. July 2013 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 (10) Source: Innovata (via Diio Mi) published schedules as of May 18, 2018, for all airlines providing scheduled service * FAA large and medium hub airports 17
SUMMER 2018 AIR TRAVEL FORECAST 18
IHS Forecast 73 14 200 175 155 135 164 259 239 190 221 216 175 176 271 324 U.S. Economy and Employment Growing; Household Net Worth at All-Time High U.S. Real GDP Growth (% CAGR) 2017-2018 U.S. Employment Growth (000) 2.6 2.9 2.3 2.7 1.5 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018F U.S. Real Gross Output Growth (% CAGR) J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J U.S. Household Net Worth ($ Trillion, NSA) 1.4 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.1 4.7 63.0 68.7 78.4 83.3 86.3 91.6 98.7 1Q16 2Q16 3Q16 4Q16 1Q17 2Q17 3Q17 4Q17 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Sources: U.S. GDP and gross output (Bureau of Economic Analysis); U.S. nonfarm payroll employment growth (month-over-month, in 000s, seasonally adjusted) from BLS; median personal and household pre-tax income (Census); U.S. household net worth in current dollars, not seasonally adjusted (Federal Reserve) 19
218.7 211.0 201.1 204.1 207.3 207.8 208.2 214.0 223.5 228.2 237.3 246.1 A4A Projects Summer* 2018 Air Travel to Rise 3.7 Percent to All-Time High Airlines Adding 116,000 Seats/Day to Accommodate 96,000 More Passengers/Day U.S. Airline Onboard Passengers (Millions) Summer* 2007-17 and 2018 Forecast 2.68M/day (2.32M domestically, 354K internationally) + 3.7% 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018F Drivers of growth Expanding presence of low-cost carriers, low-fare products and city-pair (O&D) competition Rising GDP, employment, disposable income and household net worth (savings, stocks, value of homes) Source: A4A and BTS T100 segment data U.S. carriers only; scheduled and nonscheduled services * For this purpose, defined as June 1 through August 31 20
In 2017, 22 of the 25 Busiest Days at U.S. Airports Fell in the Summer Travel Season* Thursdays and Fridays in Mid-June to Mid-August Are Especially Popular Rank DOW 2017 1 Fri Jun 30 2 Sun Nov 26 3 Thu Jun 29 4 Fri May 26 5 Fri Jul 21 6 Fri Dec 22 7 Thu Jul 27 8 Fri Aug 4 9 Fri Jun 23 10 Fri Jul 14 11 Fri Jul 28 12 Thu Aug 3 13 Fri Jun 16 Rank DOW 2017 14 Thu Jul 20 15 Sun Jun 25 16 Sun Jul 16 17 Sun Jul 23 18 Wed Nov 22 19 Sun Jul 30 20 Fri Aug 11 21 Sun Aug 6 22 Thu Jun 15 23 Thu Jun 22 24 Thu Jul 13 25 Thu Aug 10 Source: A4A analysis of data from the Transportation Security Administration * Memorial Day weekend through Labor Day weekend 21
Air Travelers Are Enjoying More Choices, More Available Seats Across the Atlantic Airlines Offering More Seats From U.S. Airports to Regions Across the Globe Ticket prices are down, interest is up and Europe is hot. David Solomito, VP, NA Marketing, KAYAK Change (%) in Scheduled Seats From USA by Destination, July 2018 vs. July 2017 6.2 4.3 4.3 4.1 3.2 2.7 1.3 (0.5) (1.6) Europe Mexico USA LatAm Canada S. Pac ME & Afr Asia Caribbean It s crazy. There are some real deals to be had here. Mark Okerstrom, Chief Executive, Expedia Group Sources: Innovata (via Diio Mi) published schedules (May 18, 2018) and Scott McCartney, Where the Travel Deals Are This Summer, Wall Street Journal (May 9, 2018) 22
DEREGULATION OF U.S. AIR SERVICE: 40 YEARS OF PROGRESS 23
By Almost Every Measure, Air Travel Has Improved Dramatically Since Deregulation Pre-Deregulation Today Safety Feared by many; fatality risk = 1 in 1M Safest travel mode; fatality risk = 1 in 29M Competition CAB allowed just 1 or 2 airlines per route CAB set fares, disallowed price competition No limit on number of carriers per route Vigorous price competition Affordability Average domestic R/T $600-700 incl. fees Average domestic R/T ~ $363 incl. fees Accessibility Accessible to affluent 63% had flown Luxury good; predominantly high-income Accessible to all 88% have flown Common form of intercity transportation Small-market service Often propeller aircraft, suboptimal times Widespread jets, market-driven flight times International service Flights, carriers, cities, sales limited by law Plentiful, cheaper due to Open Skies Routings & frequency Often multiple stops, few flights/day/week Plentiful nonstop/1-stop, multiple flights/day Shopping Phone calls, ticket offices, travel agents A few clicks online Ticket delivery By mail only Universally electronic, retrievable Checking in Lined up at the ticket counter Online, kiosk, mobile Inflight entertainment Occasional movie, far-away shared screen Unlimited options, streaming to PED Bag tracking No tools at customers disposal Mobile tools becoming universal Environmental impact Not very fuel efficient; more CO 2 per flight ~120% more efficient; avoidance of CO 2 Source: A4A and Patrick Smith, There Was No Golden Age of Air Travel, New York Times (May 27, 2017) 24