Transportation: Airlines
In times of peace, approximately 8 million people take a plane trip each day.
Wright brother s first plane: 1903 Passenger travel on planes: 1919 Charles Lindberg crossed Atlantic: 1927 Jet service: 1952 Federal Aviation Act: 1958 Created FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) Airline Deregulation Act: 1978 Allowed for competition
In the United States, the airlines are PRIVATELY owned!
American Airlines AA Alaska Airlines AS Continental Airlines CO Delta Airlines DL Hawaiian Airlines HA United Airlines - UA Southwest Airlines WN
Slots The time a plane can land, be at a gate, and take off Scheduled Service Flights made over regularly flown routes according to a published timetable Nonscheduled Flights Planes hired to fly to a particular place at a time specified by the customer also could be a charter flight
Minimum Connecting Time the amount of time a reservationist must leave in between 2 flights to allow passengers and baggage to transfer from the first plane to the second
The carrier s obligation to provide transportation as promised and the statement of the limit of liability for loss and damage claim if it does not fulfill its part of the bargain.
An airline network formed by a hub (large airport) and spokes (smaller airports) Centralized operations Most major airlines have one or more hubs Passengers fly from hub to spokes and from spokes to hub to connect to other cities. It saves the airlines money A fortress hub is an airline-dominated airport. American = Dallas/Fort Worth Delta = Atlanta Southwest = Dallas-Love Field Continental = Houston Northwest = Minneapolis United = Chicago
Nonstop Flights A flight form origin to destination with no intermediate stops Direct/Through Flights A flight from origin to destination with one or more intermediate stops Connection Flights A flight from origin to destination with one or more intermediate stops where the passenger must change planes
One-way Trip A trip from origin to destination with no return to origin Round Trip A trip from origin to destination with return to origin. Flights follow same route and use same carrier. Circle Trip Same as round trip except one flight will follow a different route or use a different carrier Open Jaw A round trip where the passenger either departs for return trip from a different airport or returns to a different airport.
Tickets: Ticketless travel is known as e-tickets. Some airlines still issue paper tickets. Check-in: Lets the airline know a passenger has arrived. Baggage is often weighed and checked-in. Boarding passes: Can be obtained at the airline counter near the terminal entrance. Gate Agent: Controls boarding procedures, usually about 20-30 minutes before flight time Ticket lift: At some point, tickets are collected by the airline, to account for passengers
Baggage Options: Checked Bags are checked during the check in process. Must be within weight and size restrictions. Fees could apply. Most airlines are now charging a baggage fee. Example - $25 for 1 checked bag How much luggage is estimated that the airlines lose each day? Fewer than 1% of nearly 3 million bags Carry-On Must meet size restrictions - be able to fit in overhead bins or under the seat. Must meet all security restrictions.
Airport security is controlled by the government TSA Passengers walk through detectors Possessions are put on a conveyor belt that goes through an x-ray machine Checked luggage is screened as well
Source: http://www.tsa.gov/311/
Aviation Jobs
Airport Manager The duties of an airport manager: Enforcing aviation rules and regulations Planning and supervising maintenance and safety programs Negotiating leases Administering the budget Promoting the airport s use Training and supervising employees Maintaining good community relations
Skycap Skycaps do curbside check-in They also process your luggage Can people use a Skycap when flying international? No, they must pass through customs
Airplane Ground Services Cleaning the cabin Putting food and beverages from the flight kitchen on to the plane Pumping drinking water aboard Unloading and reloading baggage, cargo, and mail Making a mechanical check Fueling the plane Boarding the passengers
Pilots and Crew Pilots have a daily flight limitation of 10 hours for a two-person crew. Flight crews may not exceed a maximum of 40 flight hours during any seven consecutive days. Each must have a 24-hour rest period during any seven consecutive day period.
Flight Attendants Preflight Weather conditions and potential passenger problems at briefings. Checking supplies and equipment on board, greeting passengers, assisting passengers, seat belts, and safety briefings. In-flight Distribute pillows and blankets, serve drinks and meals, assist passengers, secure cabin, and handle medical emergencies
Flight Attendants Post-flight Writing reports, reporting money, lost and found articles, medical emergencies, equipment needing attention Flight attendants fly from 75 to 85 hours a month, plus they have about 50 hours a month duty time between flights.
Air Traffic Controller Job duties of an air traffic controller To keep airplanes flying safe in the sky To keep airplanes away from each other A stressful job High paying
Product Price Place Promotion
3 Most common commercial aircraft used Airbus Capable of long-range travel A318, A319, A321- most common A330/340- holds up to 525 passengers A380- double decker- up to 853 passengers Boeing Capable to long-range travel 757- single aisle- up to 149 passengers 767- extended range- single aisle- up to 245 passengers 777- extended range- two aisle- up to 440 passengers McDonnell Douglas (owned by Boeing) Focuses on short and mid-range aircraft MD-80 most popular- between 137-172 passengers
First Class Located at the front of the plane. Wider seats, more padding, extra space between rows. Built-in electronics (new). Board and deplane first. Movie and alcohol free. Meals. Business Class Scaled down from first class. More room and comfort than coach. Service comparable to first class. Coach Class Seated in rear of plane. Narrow seats, close together. Overhead bins limited. Movies and alcohol cost.
Pitch is the distance from the front of one seat to the front of the seat behind. Bulkhead seats are seats immediately behind the wall that separates coach from first class. All U.S. flights are non-smoking.
Price is the most important factor when buying a travel product Southwest is the USA s largest lowfare carrier
The Actual Cost of Service Marketing Decisions Route Assignment Mileage Class Add-ons Stopovers Maximum Permitted (MPM) Profit Motives
Airlines largest source of income PASSENGER REVENUE Airline Revenue from Business Travelers 66% Airline Expenses: Planes Labor Landing fees Fuel Passenger meals Advertising Commission Maintenance
Airport Revenue Traffic Operations Airport Concessions Parking Lots
Consolidators are high-volume ticket sellers who contract with carriers to consolidate or sell at reduced rates, airlines excess inventory seats that would otherwise fly empty.
The times when discounted fares are not available, occurring during holidays and peak-season are known as BLACKOUT PERIODS!
What do you mean it is Overbooked? How do no-shows affect an airline? Empty seats Lost income Airlines overbook to keep all planes full at the time of flight Voluntary Denied Boarding Compensation People give up their seats in return for a seat on the next available flight and some financial compensation
Place: Airport How many airports are there? There are 17,000 airports in the United States 700 airports actually have facilities to handle passenger planes
Airports Airports have two names: Name of Airport 3-Letter Airport Code JFK ATL LAX ORD SLC
Airport Facts What airport is within a 90-minute flight of more than 50% of the U.S. and Canadian populations? Pittsburgh (PIT) What is North America s largest-in-area airport? Denver (DEN) What airport is designed to handle as many as 250,000 arriving passengers a day? Atlanta- Hartsfield-Jackson -ATL
Busy Airports The United States accounts for more than 1/3 of the world s aircraft activity. Of the world s 30 busiest airports, 11 are in the United States. Busiest Airports: 1. Hartsfield- Jackson (ATL) 5. Los Angeles Int l (LAX) 8. O Hare (ORD) 9. Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) 19. Denver (DEN) 21. John F. Kennedy Int l (JFK) 23. Phoenix Sky Harbor (PHX) 24. Miami (MIA) 25. San Francisco (SFO) 27. Charlotte Douglas (CLT) 28. McCarran (LAS)
Airport Information Airways are numbered just like highways on the ground. The FAA are airway patrollers to keep things running smoothly in the air and in the airports. The control tower is the nerve center of the airport. The top of the tower is the cab. Terminals are the buildings used by passengers in their procession from ground to air.
Frequent Flyer Programs: An airline marketing strategy, that helps airlines to make a profit as well as build loyalty. American AAdvantage Program JetBlue TrueBlue Delta Sky Miles Southwest Rapid Rewards United Mileage Plus
American Airlines Admirals Club Delta Airlines Sky Club United Airlines United Club
Advantages of being a member of an Airline Executive Club: Check-in services Stow luggage Local calls Bathrooms TVs Newspapers Drinks Snacks Meeting rooms