THE DANUBE BEND MICROTOURISTIC REGION DESTINATION IN VIEW OF THE DANUBE STRATEGY MAZILU MIRELA PROFESSOR, PHD., UNIVERSITY OF CRAIOVA e-mail: mirelamazilu2004@yahoo.com ANDREI MĂDĂLINA-TEODORA LECTURER, PHD., SPIRU HARET UNIVERSITY, BUCHAREST e-mail: madalinaa71@yahoo.com GHEORGHECI SABINA PHD. STUDENT, DOCTORAL SCHOOL SIMION MEHEDINŢI, UNIVERSITY OF BUCHAREST e-mail: sabibi_sabra@yahoo.com Abstract Starting from the premise that an integration of the regions is more efficient and more realist than the integration at a national level, Romania must revaluate this opportunity, adapting the institutional abilities, mobilising the political factors, coordinating the decision levels, and, last but not least, encouraging the civic involvement. The regional development, thus, depends directly on these factors, so does tourism. The European Union Strategy for the Danube Region (EUSDR) is a community tool for macro-territorial cooperation, involving 14 EU states and Danube states. We should not ignore the economic and financial aspect of the Danube Strategy implementation. European money is made available for the development of the South-West Oltenia Region, and Danube Bend destination, especially for infrastructure improvement and tourism development. Keywords: Tourism, planning, strategies, policy, sustainable, destination. Clasification JEL : M40, M41 1.Introduction Tourism represents one of the development opportunities for South-West Oltenia Region, this being achieved only through the preservation and the protection of natural and anthropogenic tourist objectives so that benefits should be possible in both directions. 5 The relation between tourism and the environment has a special importance, the protection and the preservation of the environment representing the main condition to carry out and develop tourism activities. 6 This connection is a complex one and manifests in two directions: the natural environment through its components representing the basic resources of tourism, and, on the other hand, the tourist activity has both a positive and negative influence on the ecologic environment, changing its components. 7 Fig. 1. Danube states, taking part in the EUSDR Strategy, source: MAE 19
Fig.2. Romanian county, taking part in the EUSDR Strategy Because the sustainable tourism represents a purpose, we have to understand that any type of development including the tourism development triggers certain changes in the area. However, these changes must be maintained within acceptable limits, so that the sustainability purpose should be reached. The sustainable tourism may be better achieved through a careful planning, through the corresponding development and the management of the tourist sector based on principles. 13 The European Union Strategy for the Danube Region (EUSDR) is a community tool for macro-territorial cooperation, involving 14 EU states and Danube states. Priorities. Regarding the priority fields, the role of Romania is extremely important, our country managing together with the other Danube states, not less than 3 of the 11 existing priority fields, meaning: 1. Transports on internal waters (together with Austria) 2. Culture and tourism (together with Bulgaria) 3 3. Environmental risk management (together with Hungary) The territorial development is one of the directions adopted by this strategy; therefore in the case of Romania the following are considered (the Danube Strategy): a) Argeș river fitting related to the protection against flooding; 2 b) Building and commissioning the Danube - Bucharest Channel; 1 c) Establishing a centre for advanced studies for the Danube Delta and the Black Sea d) Building new bridges over the Danube (e.g.: Bechet - Oreahovo) e) Implementing a risk management project targeting the Danube Delta 4 The EU Strategy for the Danube Region shall represent a coherent cooperation frame, contributing, on the one hand, to the achievement of the EU development objectives and, on the other hand, to the promotion of community values and principles in the various states from the region 13. The Danube Strategy aims at the development of tourism and the revaluation of the natural heritage and of the cultural and historical legacy by developing the specific infrastructure and intense promotion activities. The Danube constitutes an important catalyst of creativity and of the intercultural dialogue, an inspiration source and a connection and communication bridge between cultures and civilisations developed through trading, social and cultural relations enhanced by its proximity. 13 2. Implementation of the Danube Strategy in Danube Bend Destination We should not ignore the economic and financial aspect of the Danube Strategy implementation. European money is made available for the development of the South-West Oltenia Region, especially for infrastructure improvement and tourism development. 8 At the same time, the Danube Strategy aims at the educational part, but also at the fluidisation and the efficiency of the river transport, the development of the harbour area of Drobeta-Turnu Severin town, the development of the Danube infrastructure, the harbour infrastructure, the land infrastructure, the attraction of Romanian and foreign 20
investors. 9, 10 Also from the point of view of the development of this region, we have to mention the following priorities: The rehabilitation of the old harbour infrastructure along the Danube and the development of intermodal and logistic knots; Investments in human resources (education and formation). For this purpose, 2 POSDRU Programs, projects cofinanced through the European Social Fund: Human Capital prepared to support the Danube Strategy, to be completed in December 2015, aiming at the work force in tourism, and the Competent-The creation of work opportunities in tourism for you, also addressing to the tourism field, to train field specialists, are already unfolding in Mehedinți county, one of the counties on this beautiful river and its Canyon. I have the honour of working in these 2 projects within the Danube Strategy. 11 Developing the settlement networks along the Danube; Easing the cross-border cooperation along the Danube between the pair cities from Romania and Bulgaria; Preventing and managing natural risks; Preserving and protecting the rural areas, preservers of a rich ethnographic heritage; Developing and fitting the agricultural, energy, tourist potential, protecting and fitting the built heritage. We mention the following among the expected results (Info Regio SV-Oltenia): Increasing the national and European economic visibility of the localities; The social and economic development of the aimed areas through tourist attraction; Increasing the transition of merchandise and people Revaluating the existing traditions; Attracting profit by revaluating authentic products. For exemple the number of tourist arrivals and overnight stays in the SOUTH-WEST OLTENIA development region is analysed: a) The number of tourists arrivals in the South-West Oltenia Development Region, between 2004 and 2014 b) The evolution of the number of tourists arrivals in the South-West Oltenia Development Region, between 2004 and 2014 Table 1. The number of arrivals for tourist purposes in the South-West Oltenia Development Region, between 2004 and 2014 Year Number of arrivals Romanian tourists Foreign tourists 2004 361 058 336 417 26 641 2005 334 178 308 361 25 817 2006 370 820 347 260 23 560 2007 403 071 378 823 24 248 2008 429 370 404 885 24 485 2009 366 114 347 777 18 337 2010 337 102 320 488 16 614 2011 426 845 399 309 27 536 2012 454 676 408 186 46 490 2013 460 026 415 707 44 319 2014 484 860 444 126 40 734 Source: INSSE The analysis of the above-mentioned charts shows an increase of the number of arrivals for tourist purposes in the South-West Oltenia Development Region, an accelerated increase after a sudden decrease in the period 2009-2010 corresponding to the economic crisis. 12 In fact, the largest number of arrivals in the studied period was achieved in 2004, when the number reached 500,000 arrivals. However, we consider this a small number, compared to the existing natural and anthropogenic tourist potential, as shown above, there existing numerous tourist objectives with an obvious value, which can attract important tourist flows if they are well revaluated. Moreover, the number of foreign tourists arrivals is still low. Nevertheless, we notice a slight revival towards the end of the period, the number reaching 50,000 arrivals. The same phenomenon is recorded in the case of overnight stays, the largest number being recorded actually in the beginning of the economic crisis, in 2008, exceeding 1,730,000. There followed a sudden decrease, almost 300,000 overnight stays, then it stabilised at over 1,500,000 overnight stays in the subsequent years. Chart 1. The evolution of the number of tourists arrivals in the South-West Oltenia Development Region, between 2004 and 2014 21
600000 500000 400000 300000 200000 100000 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Source: INSSE data processing Chart 2. The differences between the number of Romanian and foreign tourists who visited the South-West Oltenia Development Region between 2004 and 2014 Source: INSSE data processing The foreign tourists had a small number of overnight stays compared to the Romanian tourists, and the number of 100,000 overnight stays was exceeded only in 2012, being preserved the following year as well, although decreasing, dropping to 85,000 overnight stays in 2014. The relatively small number of overnight stays reveals the aspects of a transition tourism, as well as of a short-term tourism, generated by the specific visits to certain tourist objectives. b) The number of tourists overnight stays in the South-West Oltenia Development Region, between 2004 and 2014 Table 2. The number of tourists overnight stays in the South-West Oltenia Development Region, between 2004 and 2014 Year Number of stays Romanian tourists Foreign tourists 22
2004 1 647 670 1 588 839 58 831 2005 1 601 872 1 537 675 64 197 2006 1 640 929 1 571 065 69 864 2007 1 673 496 1 603 152 70 344 2008 1 730 168 1 665 924 64 244 2009 1 441 604 1 398 752 42 852 2010 1 290 263 1 250 282 39 981 2011 1 486 267 1 413 998 72 269 2012 1 565 613 1 462 389 103 224 2013 1 567 021 1 466 228 100 793 2014 1 537 262 1 451 935 85 327 Source: INSSE Chart 3. The evolution of the number of tourists' stays in the South-West Oltenia Development Region, between 2004 and 2014 Source: INSSE data processing Chart 4. The differences between the number of Romanian and foreign tourists who stayed overnight in the South-West Oltenia Region between 2004 and 2014, source: tempo-online INSSE 3. Conclusions By drawing up the paper herein, we can state that the South-West Oltenia Development Region benefits from real development opportunities, generated by the presence of the Danube Corridor. Moreover, this region comprises numerous natural and anthropogenic tourist objectives that together can exceed in value the tourist potential of countries such as Hungary for instance. Unfortunately, the old infrastructure, the lack of investments or the delay in implementing its modernisation have led to the sometimes unrecoverable degradation of cultural values over time. However, there are slight signs of revival, as shown by the statistical data of the tourist flow. 14 The implementation of protection measures in some natural areas and the promotion of the Iron Gates Natural Park (recently included, in October 2015, by UNESCO as a natural reservation) as an exceptional tourist destination has slightly increased the visitors number. There is much work to be done, new funds should be accessed for the modernisation of the entire economic system along the Danube, and this needs projects, analyses which most of the times have remained as projects. There should be a very strict protection of the forests, considering the current scandal with the strange and most of the times uncontrolled deforestation, the forest must be protected and respected. The area should be promoted through all the media possible, from the television, to the tourist brochures and guides in more international languages, presented through videos at national and international tourism fairs. 15 Above all, to have what to show, the local material and immaterial values should be protected, the old buildings should be repaired, the roads should be repaired and the mentality of the people should be changed through education. The efficient and meaningful sustainable tourism regionalisation of Romania implies a common effort of all the 23
stakeholders, but also of the beneficiaries of this process, that is we, probably choosing an aggregate of what is actually there, using the cardinal points system and the historical regions. The achievement of a correct tourism regionalisation of Romania with real advantages and benefits depends on the degree of our involvement in the process, but the involvement of tourism experts is critical along with that of the main stakeholders interested as well in the unfolding of the quality tourist phenomenon. 4. Bibliography 1 Andrei, Mǎdǎlina-Teodora, Valea Dunǎrii între Giurgiu şi Brǎila studiu de geografie umanǎ şi economicǎ, Editura Cartea Universitarǎ, Bucureşti, 2007; 2 Andrei, Mădălina-Teodora, Păun-Manolache Elena, The Anthropogenic Tourism Potential of the Danube Valley Towns. Case study: Giurgiu-Braila sector, Landscapes: Perception, Knowledge, Awareness and Action, Proceedings of the FG-SHU International Symposium on Geography volume 3, Addleton Academic Publishers, p. 48-57, ISBN 978-1-935494-34-8, New York, 2013; 3 Andrei, Mădălina-Teodora, Dumitraşcu, C., Dumitraşcu, Monica, Gherasim, C., Aspects of tourism in Romania and Bulgaria, in the post-communist period, Communication, Context, Interdiciplinarity. Studies and Articles, Volume 3, Petru Maior University press, p. 135-142, ISSN 2069-3389, Târgu Mureş, 2014; 4 Andrei, Mădălina-Teodora, Lianu, C., Gudei, Corina-Simona, The Danube Delta Brand in the New Bioeconomy Paradigm, The 3rd Conference Water Resources and Wetlands, Conference Proceedings, 8-10 September, 2016, Tulcea, Romania, Transversal Publishing House, ISSN 2285-7923, p. 236-244, Targoviste, 2016; 5 Antonescu, D., Dezvoltarea regională în România. Concept, mecanisme, instituţii, Edit. Oscar Print, Bucureşti, 2003; 6 Benedek, J., Amenajarea teritoriului şi dezvoltarea regională, Edit. Presa Universitară Clujeană, Cluj-Napoca, 2004; 7 Cândea, Melinda, Cimpoeru, I., Bran, Florina, Organizarea, amenajarea şi dezvoltarea durabilă a spaţiului geografic, Editura Universitară, Bucureşti, 2006; 8 Groza, O., Regiuni de dezvoltare şi path dependency în România. Populatia şi transporturile rutiere, în Ungureanu, Al., Groza, O., Muntele, I. (coord.), Moldova. Populaţia, forţa de muncă şi aşezările umane în tranziţie, Edit. Corson, Iaşi, 2002; 9 Hansen, T., Ianos, I., Pascariu, G., Platon, V., Sandu, D., Profiles of the Romanian Development Regions, Ramboll Consultancy Group, Phare Programme, Bucureşti, 1997; 10 Ilies, Al., România. Euroregiuni, Edit. Universităţii din Oradea, Oradea, 2004; 11 Mazilu, Mirela Elena, Innovation,tradition and cooperation in tourism according to the EU Stategy of the Danube Region, Proceedings of International Conference Serbia in the Danube Region in 21-st Century, ISBN:978-86-7067-200-0, Publisher Institute of International Politics and Economics, p.73-94, Belgrad, 2014; 12 Mazilu, Mirela Elena, Popescu, Liliana, Bădiță, Amalia, Ingredients for an attractive Tourism market, participare la Conferința Internațională Turism și Dezvoltare Durabilă, organizată de Facultatea de Marketing Turistic, Dimitrie Cantemir, Timișoara, publicat în Revista QUAESTUS, Editura Eurostampa, ISSN-L 2285-424X,p.38-40,Timișoara, 2014; 13 Mazilu, Mirela Elena, Turism şi Dezvoltare Durabilă, Editura Universitaria Craiova, 2011 ; 14 Mazilu, Mirela Elena Cooperarea transfrontalieră: locul şi rolul ei în promovarea unui turism durabil, Editura Universitaria, Craiova, 2006; 15 *** Carta Verde. The Regional Development Policy in Romania, the Romanian Government and the European Commission, Phare Program, Bucharest, Green Paper, 1997. 24