Challenges to a Sustainable Society in Japan 18 NOV 2007 Yasumitsu Watanabe Shimizu Corporation 1
CONTENTS 1 Construction Market in Japan 2 Recent Climate Change 3 Predicted Natural Disasters and Countermeasures 4 Contractor s Contribution to a Sustainable Society 2
3 1. Construction Market in Japan
Construction Investment in Japan 4 Const.Investm ent(bil. ) 60 50 40 30 20 10 Total Investment New Construction Re-build 0 868890929496980002040608101214161820 1990 2000 Fiscalyear Maintenance 2006 2010 2020
Overseas Market for Japanese Contractors 212 010 8 8 Others Middle East (bil. ) 6 4 2 6 4 2 America Europe Asia 5 0 0 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 year 1980 1990 2000 2006
Loop Highways in Tokyo Big Domestic Project (1) Tokyo Yokohama 150km 6
Linear Shinkansen Big Domestic Project (2) NAGANO Experimental Line OSAKA NARA LINEAR CHUO-SHINKANSEN NAGOYA 500km TOKYO 7 TOKYO OSAKA 2 33 60
Big Domestic Project (3) Radioactive Waste Disposal Low Level Waste High Level Waste 50 100m 300m 2011 2050 Const. Budget : 1 bil. 2025~2100 Const. Budget 12 bil. 8
9 2. Recent Climate Change
Natural Damage Risk in the World Metropolis Risk Index 167 42 San Francisco Chicago 100 Mexico City Los Angeles Lima New York Washington Miami London Pari Sao Paulo Buenos Aires Frankfurt Berlin Istanbul Madrid Milan Athens Teheran Alexandria Baghdad Cairo Johannesburg Natural Disaster Housing Fragility Economic Magnitude Hong Kong Beijing Seoul Derry Dacca Shanghai Hong Kong Bangladesh Taibai Singapore Jakarta Tokyo Yokohama Osaka Kobe Kyoto 92 Sydney 710 10
Earthquake and Tsunami Disasters (1) 8 Europe Others NUM BER OF EVENTS 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 America Asia 0 11 Events with more than 1000 casualties
Earthquake and Tsunami Disasters (2) Europe 12%(3) Others 8%(2) Europe 7% (42,300) Others 1% (4,866) America 16%(4) Asia 64%(16) Ratio of events Total : 25 America 10% (62,392) Asia 82% (496,656) Ratio of casualties Total : 552,181 12
13 Number of Earthquakes in the World 180 900 160 140 Above 7 Above 6 800 700 Num berofevents (More than M6) Num ber ofevents imore than M6j 120 600 100 500 80 400 60 300 40 200 20 100 0 0 1946 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96 2001 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 2000 05 Magnitude Above 6 and 7 Num Num berofevents ofevents (More than M7) imore than M7j
The Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake (1) 1995.1.17 5:46am M7.3, Dead : 6,434 Lost : 62 bil. http://www.geocities.jp/mn264/newpage9.html http://www.kippo.or.jp/kc/bousai/images/bousai06.pdf 14
The Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake (2) Shear Failure in Pier Quay Movement by Liquefaction 15
16 The Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake (CG)
The Niigata-ken Chuetsu Earthquake 2004.10.23 17:56 M6.8, Dead : 14 Lost : 19 bil. Dam Up by Landslide Derailing of Shinkansen 17
Tsunami at Banda Aceh 2004.12.26 7:58am M9.2, Dead : 220,000 18
19 Flood Disaster 500 400 Number ofevent 5 years average 300 200 100 1976 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2004 0 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 (year) Events of heavy rain (more than 50mm/h) Num ber of events Number ofevents(num ber)
2000 1985 1990 1995 1980 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1975 20 iyearj 7.0 6.0 floodwd area ihaj Damage by Flood density of flood damage flooded area loss of money 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 2000 2003 1985 1990 1995 1980 1975 Loss of loss mof oney( moneyi\ 10bil.) 10bil.j Intensity of flood damage(\ Intensity of flood dam age( mil./ha) Flooded area (ha)
Floods at Omaru River 2004.8.30 3,790m 3 /sec 2005.9.5 4,300m 3 /sec 21 Design Flood Discharge : 4,400m 3 /sec (Return period : 200years)
3. Predicted Natural Disasters and Countermeasures 22
Predicted Coming Earthquake Tokyo Hiroshima Osaka Nagoya Shizuoka Suruga Trough Tokai Continental Plates Nankai Tonankai Nankai Trough Philippine Sea Plate 23
Damage Estimation of Tokyo Earthquake Assumption : M7.3/Winter/18:00/Wind Velocity 15m/s Burned House Economical Loss 70 bil. Direct Loss Building Others 35 bil. 7 bil. Indirect Loss Manufacture 24 bil. Time, opportunity 4 bil. Dead 11,000 24
History of Seismic Design Codes Building Eearthquake Bridge Static Lateral Force 1923/M7.9 Great Kanto Static Lateral Force Quality & Quantity of Wall Shear Reinforcement Detail Ductility Design Limit Strength Design 1948/M7.1 Fukui 1964/M7.5 Niigata 1968/M7.9 Tokachi Offshore 1978/M7.4 Miyagi-ken Offshore 1995/M7.3 Hyogo-ken Nambu Liquefaction Assessment Modified Static Lateral Force Dynamic Analysis (Recommended) Elastic & Ductility Design 25
Aseismic Reinforcement - Building - Strength Ductility Response Tokyo Institute of Technology 26 Osaka Chuo Kokaido
Aseismic Reinforcement - Bridge - Steel Plate Bandage Katsushika Harp Bridge 27
Aseismic Reinforcement -Earth Dam - 28 Yamaguchi Dam Dike Width 7.3m 10m Dike Volume 1.4 mil.m3 2.37 mil.m 3
Aseismic Reinforcement - Cultural Property - The Edo Castle Nakanomon gate 29
Tsunami (1) 30 Tsunami Simulation
Tsunami (2) 31 Refuge Simulation
Flood in Urban Area (1) Who controls the flood governs the nation 1981.7 Kanda River 32
Flood in Urban Area (2) Underground River Plan Drain pump Tokyo Bay River Intake shaft Intake shaft Underground river 33
Flood in Urban Area(3) Imaigawa Retention Resovoir 34 Retention Resovoir beneath the Road ID 10.8m L=2000m Capacity 180,000m 3
4. Contractor or s Contribution to a Sustainable Society 35
CONTENTS 4.1 Contractor s Ecology Mission 4.2 Clean Energy Business LNG Power Station Wind Power Station Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion 4.3 Clean Development Mechanism 36
Ecology Mission in SHIMIZU CO2 6% 37
Clean Energy Business/LNG Natural Gas Chain in the World America 84.2 Europe 104.0 Russia American Market Europe Market 96.2 Asian Market 7.8 2.1 Latin American 27.3 22.5 2.6 1.8 Africa Middle East 0.4 22.8 Oceania 57.7 Pipe Line LNG 38
Clean Energy Business/Wind Farm Wind turbine turnkey projects Planning Project Design Construction Operation Misaki Wind Park Shimizu's wind turbine engineering tools. 39
Clean Energy Business / OTEC Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion NH4(GAS) TURBINE GENERATOR EVAPORATOR CONDENSOR NH4(Luquid) Pilot Plant @ NAUL 40 Thermal Difference btw. Surface & 1000m deep
Clean Development Mechanism Ukraine :Japanese CDM Project Macedonia Georgia Armyanskaya Uzbekistan China Jordan Vietnam Thailand Malaysia Indonesian Developed Country Government Power Company,etc SELL Credited Company CREDIT Money Technology Developing Country Emission Credit Reduction Greenhouse GAS Reduction enterprise 41
Europe Japan Sometimes Competitors Sometimes Collaborators for a Sustainable Society 42 Shimizu Corporation