HIGH PERFORMING AIRPORTS CASE ZURICH AIRPORT Geert Boosten ASDA CATO Delft 21 July 2015
ISNGI 2014, Vienna 2
AIRPORT CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT Different standpoints: Airport operator Airport users Airport investors Airport region
DIFFERENT STANDPOINTS Airport: Competitive position Optimizing business Minimizing risks Recovery of investments Airline: Optimizing use of aircraft Competitive position at airport Minimizing operational costs ATC: Safety Optimizing air space Control costs Region: Connectivity Competitive position Investors Control risks Exit strategy Return on investment
ISNGI 2014, Vienna MAKING A REVIEW ON AIRPORT CAPACITY In aviation research capacity is approached from different points of view: Technical Airport Capacity : Throughput and Practical Capacity; Design capacity i.e. landside (million pax/year) and airside capacity (ATM/yr) Peak hour capacity: Landside (cars/hr), terminal (PAX/hr), apron capacity (aircraft parking positions per category), Runway capacity (ATM/hr) Airspace Capacity: ATC systems(physical capacity of the air traffic controllers, sectors, aircraft separations) Environmental Capacity: based in the agreements between stakeholders. Noise Limits, surface access congestion, visual amenity, effluents and waste management improve the quality of living Differences in scope and time period Technical capacity: per hour based on existing technology Environmental: per day/night or per annum based on output of simulation models 5
AIRLINE BUSINESS MODEL & CAPACITY: CYCLIC INTERACTION Constraints: Impact on aviation growth and development Future challenge: - Accomodating expected growth - Climate neutral growth Business models: Impact on aviation revenu capacity and cost structure
ISNGI 2014, Vienna AIRPORT CAPACITY AND THE EQUATION The SYSTEM that is required for an efficient operation of the airport and the airspace. The subsystem that reaches its limits (physical or conceptual) will determine the capacity of the aviation system. Optimizing capacity requires not only understanding behavior of each parameter but also the entire system Optimizing airport capacity is therefore not a linear but an iterative, cyclic process Airport Capacity: ƒ (Business model, infrastructure, air space, societal conditions, technology, passenger/cargo preferences) 7
ISNGI 2014, Vienna TECHNICAL CAPACITY (AIRPORT OPERATIONS) Societal Conditions: Noise, Political constraints Weather Safety regulations `Capacity traditionally refers to the ability of a component in the airport system to handle aircraft and passengers/cargo Ceiling and visibility. Air traffic control. Aircraft mix. Nature of operations. Capacity is therefore a measure of supply. In order to determine the capacity, the operating conditions must be specified. 8
OPTIMIZING AIRPORT CAPACITY Various options: Increase technical capacity of limiting factor building infrastructure i.e. new runway Optimize or change procedures Air space usage SIDS, STARS Influence peak hour demand Pricing mechanism Slot allocation to optimize added value airport for regional economy Create multi-airport system Combined usage of airport and air space capacity in region Delay investments: Sweating airport assets (example CPH Airport) Optimal use of existing capacity New planning and simulations tools New arrangements with airlines Schedules Handling Multi-use and multi-user facilities Joint investments Facilities Simulation tools and systems Fees and charges Pricing and incentive structures 9
FLEXIBLE INFRASTRUCTURE Flexiblity in engineering design* Different time horizons: - Dealing with uncertainty - Forecasting - Flaw of averages - Value creation through flexibility - Just in time development - airport: 20-30 years - Airline: 2-5 years - ATC: 20 years - Region: - 4 years (politics) - 20-40 years (urban planning) - Investors: 5-10 years Book title of R. de Neufville and S. Scholtes
ISNGI 2014, Vienna CONCLUSION Airport is part of the infrastructure of a country/city that is important for the economic development of a region/country The capacity must be well understood and viewed from a holistic perspective. Capacity problems can be tackled from different angles and not only focusing on the operational parameters Flexibility of infrastructure is becoming more and more important Delay of investments is interesting option for all parties Smart use of existing infrastucture is key 11