Chapter 11 Study Guide Western Europe I. Northern Europe: Consists of and A. United Kingdom (Constitutional Monarchy and has political divisions) *, and make up the island known as Great Britain, while Great Britain and Northern Ireland is known as the. 1. England division i. rolling plains (agricultural heartland) ii. hills (downs) iii. Plateaus (moors, also known as heath) iv. Mountains (The.) b. Bodies of Water (B of W) Channel, Straits and Rivers i. English channel ii. Strait of iii. Thames River flows through the center of the region c. Industries i. agriculture and animal husbandry ii. manufacturing (birthplace of the revolution of the 18 th century) 2. Wales (mild wet climate) i. mountains ( northern range of Cambrian Mountain) ii. coastal plains b. Industries I. husbandry (dairy and sheep range) II. coal mining ( ) c. Language: English and 3. Scotland (1997 was granted its own parliament with limited self-govt. and taxing authority) i. valleys (glens: Glen Moore or Glen) ii. hills (Cheviot Hills has Hadrian s Wall built by Romans) iii. mountains ( Mountains, Ben is the highest mtn. in the U.K.) iv. moors ( ) b. B of W: Lakes- (deep narrow lakes formed by glaciers most notable Loch Ness) c. Industries: produce gas 4. Northern Ireland (Ulster) rugged coast and hills b. B of W: Lakes many lakes called ( largest fresh water lakes: sq.mile) c. Industry: Manufacturing (famed ship building and now )
*Titanic built at Belfast shipyard B. Ireland/ Republic of Ireland (gained independence in from England) 1. Climate:, humid because of air currents 2. Landforms: a. A rim of mtn. surrounds. b. rolling plains 3. Bodies of Water: River (The : longer than Thames) and bogs 4. Industry: a. b. farming and animal husbandry c. manufacturing ( crystal) 5. Language (English with and Garlic) and Religion (Roman Catholic) C. Scandinavia (Land of the Midnight Sun) months sun never sets in summer and for two months it never rises in the *peninsula 1. Norway: Monarchy high plateaus, mountains ( Mtn.) and glaciers ( covers 188sq. mile) b. B of W: many (long narrow bays) Fjord and Oslo Fjords c. Industries: Service, oil production and major industries 2. Sweden: Constitutional with a mixed economy; capital is plains, low plateaus and mountains b. B of W: Sea (Baltic Sea and Gulf of Bothnia), lakes and rivers c. Industries: service (70%); manufacturing ( ex. automobiles) agricultural (rank 5 th in the world in grain production and 8 th for oats); animal husbandry (dairy cattle); is major export 3. Finland: Republic, language is coastal lowlands b. B of W: approx. lakes (glacial lakes) c. Industries:, timber production, and self-sufficient farming 4. Denmark: Constitutional Monarchy, State with high taxes i. Jutland : plains in northern region, sandy plain in the southern region and rolling hills. ii. Islands off Peninsula: Hills with deep fertile soil iii. Greenland: covered by ice caps b. Industries: agriculture (barley) animal husbandry ( and dairy cattle) fishing on and trade 5. Iceland: (Land of and ): Republic govt. *Was able to maintain a pure language Large glaciers ( ), volcanoes (200), arable land =1%, plateau (relies on greenhouses to grow produce) b. B of Water: Fjords and hot springs ( ) c. Industries: industry accounts for of exports
II. Continental Europe A. France: Republic, largely Catholic and country in Europe) 1. Landforms: a. plains extend across northern France and at the very southwest region on the sea, b. broad plateaus in east central France ( - ) and the Massif in the south central region c. Mountains in the south west region( Mtn., Mtn., Alps with Mont highest peak and the Mtn. on boarder with Spain) d. France boast one of the deepest caves in the world (Jean Bernard cave) 2. B of W: Five rivers flows through France ( River, River, river, River is feed by the Alps and the River) Canal (Canal du links the Atlantic to the Mediterranean Sea) 3. Industries: agriculture ( beets, barley wheat, grapes and corn), animal husbandry and production for the east central region of France B. Low Countries 1. Netherlands: Constitutional Monarchy: (20ft high) coastal low lands (at or below sea level), to combat the sea the Dutch build dikes to keep back the water and made polders) sandy plains (has to be fertilized) b. B of W: rivers ( River) c. Industries: produces natural gas with oil, steel manufacturing, coal mines and agriculture ( and daffodils) 2. Belgium: constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy * has three official language and and two distinct regions, which are in the north and in the south coastal low lands (sand plains), polders, low plateau and rolling hill called b. B of W: river ( River) c. Industries: Known for chocolate production, steel, and 3. Luxembourg: One of the oldest countries, Constitutional Monarchy with a -rule by a duke (hereditary Monarchy) coastal b. Industries: Tertiary with financing and banking C. Germany: Federal representative democracy *East and West unified in after the wall was taken down influence in North, while the is Roman Catholic Two Regions with different dialects of German: Northern Low German, Southern High Germany 1. Landforms: plains (northern Germany), hilly sometimes called Central Uplands and Mtn. in the southern region 2. B of W: River ( River, River, River), canal ( Canal) 3. Industries: agriculture (rye, sugar, beets, barley, wheat, potatoes and hops) animal husbandry ( ), coal mining, manufacturing (steel, cooper lead, lumber, granite and beer) and tertiary ( )
D. Alpine Region 1. Switzerland: Federal Republic (Four official language are:,, and ) Foreign Policy ( ) Plateaus with two lakes positioned between two Mountains (Jura in the North and Alps in the south) Swiss Alps have four major ranges ( Alps, Alps, Alps and Alps) b. B of W: Lakes ( on the west and Constance on the, Lake Zurich, Lake Neuchatel and Lake Lucerne), Rivers ( flows west towards France and flows east towards Germany) c. Industries: manufacturing (gold, watches/clocks), Tertiary ( and investments) 2. Liechtenstein: Constitutional Monarchy with a neutral foreign policy, official language is, and a dialect of German called Majority of the populous is Catholic a. Industries: Tertiary (service and sales) and agriculture 3. Austria: Parliamentary Democratic Republic with a Foreign policy of, >70 % of populous are and speak Mountains ( ) b. B of W: River ( River, River_) c. Industries: Timber and mining of III. Mediterranean Europe A. Peninsula 1. Spain: Constitutional Monarchy most of the inhabitants are Roman Catholic and the official language is High in the heartland of Spain ( ) leads to extreme weather, Mountains (Sierra on the boarder of Portugal; on the French border; Mtn. on the north western boarder of Portugal; and by the Strait of ) b. B of W: Rivers (, Ebro and Guadalquivir flows in the lowland basins) c. Industries: agriculture (olive, rice, almond, apricots, tomatoes etc.), animal husbandry ( dairy ), fishing and manufacturing of paper 2. Andorra: Parliamentary representative democracy; high in the Mtn. official language is b. Landforms: Mountain ( Mtn.) Fertile Valleys c. Industries:, and tourism 3. Portugal: Democratic Republic, populous is Roman Catholic and official language is Plateaus ( from Spain extends to the coast) b. B of Water: River ( ) c. Industries: agriculture (grapes, olives and grains), mining ( ), produce cork for export, and fishing B. Italian Peninsula 1. Italy: Parliamentary Republic
a. landforms: mountains (Alps, Mtn.) Valley (rich soil deposits), Coastal plains, (Apulia region), Volcano (Mtn. in Sicily), and islands (Sicily and ) b. B of W: Lakes (Lake Garda and lake Como) River ( River and River) c. Industries: agriculture (vegetable, grapes and grains), fishing, tourism 2. Monaco: Official language a. landforms: b. industry: Tertiary (tourism and ) 3. San Marino: Republic, official language - and populous are Roman Catholic (Titano Mtn.) b. Industry: agriculture (grapes and ), manufacturing (leather) 4. Vatican City: Absolute monarchy of the Roman Catholic Church ; only sq. mile and > 1000 * protects the Pope, has radio broadcast in 45 different 5. Malta: Republic, Paul was shipwrecked on Malta, once held by Britain two main island (, Malta and other smaller islands) tactical harbors b. Industry: agriculture struggle to grow produce because of r. C. Greece: Parliamentary Republic, tip of the Peninsula mountain (Mount, Pindus Mtn.), coastal plains (Macedonia), islands ( only 166 are inhabited Crete, Ionian,, Cyclades, Rhodes, etc) b. Industry: agriculture (olive, beets, cotton, sugar, maize, wheat and ), animal husbandry, and goats)