L8 To Protect or To Develop

L8 To Protect or To Develop Part 1 What has happened to some of the World Heritage Sites? The Shiretoko Peninsula,/ the Shirakami Mountains,/ shrines and temples in Nikko,/ Himeji Castle,/ The Atomic Bomb Dome in Hiroshima,/ Yakushima Island in Kyusu.// All of these are famous tourist sites/ in Japan.// Do you know/ what else they have/ in common?// The answer is:/ All of them are now listed/ as World Heritage Sites.// A World Heritage Site is approved/ by UNESCO/ as a common heritage of all people.// It has to have/ a special natural or cultural value.// Starting with/ Buddhist monuments in the Horyuji Temple area/ in 1993,/ more than ten areas in Japan have become/ World Heritage Sites/ so far.// Today/ there are over 900 World Heritage Site in about 150 countries.// It seems that/ many places in the world are hoping/ to become World Heritage Sites.// These unique places,/ which have been handed down from the past,/ should be protected and Preserved by/ people everywhere in the world.// However,/ there are sites which have been removed from/ World Heritage List.// Oman s Arabian Oryx Sanctuary/ and/the Dresden Elbe Valley in Germany are no longer/ World Heritage Sites.//

L8 To Protect or To Develop Part 1 What has happened to some of the World Heritage Sites? 世界遺産の一部に何が起きているのか? The Shiretoko Peninsula,/ the Shirakami Mountains,/ shrines and temples in Nikko,/ 知床半島 / 白神山地 / 日光の社寺 / Himeji Castle,/ The Atomic Bomb Dome in Hiroshima,/ Yakushima Island in Kyusu.// 姫路城 / 広島の原爆ドーム / 九州の屋久島 // All of these are famous tourist sites/ in Japan.// Do you know/ what else they have/ これらのすべては有名な観光地 / 日本の // 知ってますか?/ 他に何の ~ があるか / in common?// The answer is:/ All of them are now listed/ as World Heritage Sites.// 共通点 // 答えは ~ です / これらのすべては今 ~ にに挙げられている / 世界遺産として // A World Heritage Site is approved/ by UNESCO/ as a common heritage of all people.// 世界遺産は承認されている / ユネスコによって / すべての人々の共通遺産として // It has to have/ a special natural or cultural value.// Starting with/ Buddhist monuments それらは ~ がなければいけない / 特別な性質か文化的な価値 // ~ から始まって / 法隆寺地域の / in the Horyuji Temple area/ in 1993,/ more than ten areas in Japan have become/ 仏教建造物 / 1993 年に / 日本で 10 以上の地域が ~ になった / World Heritage Sites/ so far.// Today/ there are over 900 World Heritage Site / 世界遺産に / これまでのところ // 今日 / 900 以上の世界遺産がある / in about 150 countries.// It seems that/ many places in the world are hoping/ to 約 150 の国々で // ~ のように思える / 世界中のたくさんの地域が ~ を望んでいる become World Heritage Sites.// 世界遺産になることを // These unique places,/ which have been handed down from the past,/ should be これらの特有な場所 / それらは過去から手渡され,/ protected and preserved by/ people everywhere in the world.// However,/ there are ~ によって保護されそして維持されるべき / / 世界中のすべての人々に // しかしながら // sites which have been removed from/ World Heritage List.// Oman s Arabian Oryx ~ から外されてしまった地域がある / 世界遺産のリスト // オマーンのアラビアオリックスの保護区 / Sanctuary/ and/the Dresden Elbe Valley in Germany are no longer/ World Heritage Sites.// そして / ドイツのドレスデン エルベ渓谷はもう~ではない / 世界遺産

Part 2 Which was more important/ for the government of Oman in 2007,/ the sanctuary for the oryx/ or/ the oilfields? Oman s Arabian Oryx Sanctuary was the first site/ to be removed from/ the World Heritage List.// This is what happened.// The Arabian oryx had lived/ in desert and grassland areas of/ Arabian Peninsula.// By the early 1970s,/ however,/ the oryx was extinct in the wild/ and/ only existed in zoos.// The reason was/ illegal hunting and land development.// The king of Oman created/ a sanctuary for the oryx/ and started/ a project to bring the oryx back/ to the wild/ in 1982.// The number of oryx began to increase/ and/ the sanctuary became a World Heritage Site/ in 1994.// Then,/ a few years after/ the sanctuary became a World Heritage Site,/ the number of oryx began to decrease/ again.// An increase hunting and the development of oilfields/ drove the oryx into a corner.// The government of Oman had stopped developing/ new oilfield in the sanctuary/ from 2000 to 2005.// However,/ there was strong demand for/ the new oil fields/ because oil production in the country was/ declining.// Finally,/ in 2007,/ the government decided to reduce the size of the sanctuary/ to develop more oilfields.// The sanctuary reduced/ to only about one-tenth of it/ former size,/ and UNESCO canceled/ its approval of the oryx sanctuary/ as a World Heritage Site.// If the government had not made that decision,/ the sanctuary wouldn t have been removed from/ World Heritage List.//

Part 2 Which was more important/ for the government of Oman どちらがより重要なのか?/ オマーン政府にとって / in 2007,/ the sanctuary for the oryx/ or/ the oilfields? 2007 年に / オリックスの聖地 / もしくは / 油田 Oman s Arabian Oryx Sanctuary was the first site/ to be removed from/ the World オマーンのアラビアオリックスの保護区は最初の地域 / ~ から外された / Heritage List.// This is what happened.// 世界遺産のリスト // このようにして事が起こった // The Arabian oryx had lived/ in desert and grassland areas of/ Arabian Peninsula.// By アラビアンオリックスは暮らしていた / ~ の砂漠や草原で / アラビア半島 // the early 1970s,/ however,/ the oryx was extinct in the wild/ and/ only existed in 1970 年代の初頭までに / しかしながら / 野生のオリックスは絶滅した / そして / 動物園のみで zoos.// The reason was/ illegal hunting and land development.// The king of Oman 存在した // その理由は ~ だった / 違法な狩猟や土地開発 // オマーン国王は created/ a sanctuary for the oryx/ and started/ a project to bring the oryx back/ to ~ を作った / オリックスのための保護区を / そして ~ をを始めた / オリックスを戻す計画を the wild/ in 1982.// The number of oryx began to increase/ and/ the sanctuary became 野生に / 1982 年に // オリックスの数は増え始めた / そして / その保護区は a World Heritage Site/ in 1994.// 世界遺産になった / 1994 年に // Then,/ a few years after/ the sanctuary became a World Heritage Site,/ the number それから /~ の数年後 / その保護区が世界遺産になった / オリックスの数 of oryx began to decrease/ again.// An increase hunting and the development of は減り始めた / 再び // 狩猟や油田開発が増えたことが / oilfields/ drove the oryx into a corner.// オリックスを窮地に追いやった // The government of Oman had stopped developing/ new oilfield in the sanctuary/ from オマーン政府は開発をやめた / 保護区にある新しい油田の 2000 to 2005.// However,/ there was strong demand for/ the new oil fields/ because 2000 年から 2005 年の間 // しかしながら / ~ の強い要求があった / 新しい石油の土地 / oil production in the country was/ declining.// Finally,/ in 2007,/ the government なぜなら国の石油の産出が ~ だったから / 減少している // ついに / 2007 年 / 政府は decided to reduce the size of the sanctuary/ to develop more oilfields.// The sanctuary 保護区の大きさを減らすことに決めた / よりたくさんの油田を開発するために // 保護区は小さくなった reduced/ to only about one-tenth of it/ former size,/ and UNESCO canceled/ its / たったの約 10 分の 1/ 以前の大きさの / そしてユネスコは取りやめた / approval of the oryx sanctuary/ as a World Heritage Site.// If the government had オリックスの保護区のその承認 / 世界遺産としての // もし政府が決定を下さなければ not made that decision,/ the sanctuary wouldn t have been removed from/ World Heritage List.// 世界遺産のリストから // / その保護区は ~ から外されることはなかっただろう /

Part 3 Which was more important/ for the people in Dresden,/ To protect/ its wonderful scenery/ or/ to reduce traffic jams. The Dresden Elbe Valley is a place/ of great cultural importance/ along the Elbe River/ in Germany.// The valley extends/ for some 20 kilometers/ and/ passes through/ the city of Dresden.// It has urban area/ as well as natural river banks.// Because of its wonderful scenery,/ Dresden was once called/ Florence on the Elbe. However,/ plans to build a bridge/ across the valley/ were made and were approved/ by a local vote.// The purpose was to reduce traffic jams/ in the area/ around Dresden. The world Heritage Committee concluded that/ the plans would have a serious impact on/ its scenery.// In the end,/ it was removed from the list/ in 2009.// Some areas/ listed as World Heritage Sites/ are faced with a dilemma.// Should they protect natural beauty/ or/ develop tourism?// Jiuzhaigou Valley in China was a lake area/ with very beautiful scenery.// More and more tourists are visiting the valley/ every year,/ so/ hotels for the tourists are required.// Some people think/ it necessary to build more hotels/ to develop tourism.// However,/ it would be difficult to preserve the natural environment,/ if many hotels were built/ there.//

Part 3 Which was more important/ for the people in Dresden,/ どちらがより重要なのか?/ ドレスデンの人達ににとって / To protect/ its wonderful scenery/ or/ to reduce traffic 保護することか / その素晴らしい景色を / それとも / 交通渋滞を減らすことか jams. The Dresden Elbe Valley is a place/ of great cultural importance/ along the Elbe River/ ドレスデン エルベ渓谷は ~ の場所 / すごく文化的に重要性のある ~/ エルベ川沿いに in Germany.// The valley extends/ for some 20 kilometers/ and/ passes through/ the ドイツの // その渓谷は ~ に伸びている / 約 20 キロ / そして /~ を通り抜けている / city of Dresden.// It has urban area/ as well as natural river banks.// Because of its ドレスデンの街を // そこはあか抜けた区域 / 自然の川の土手があるのと同様に // その素晴らし景観 wonderful scenery,/ Dresden was once called/ Florence on the Elbe. のため / ドレスデンはかつて ~ と呼ばれた / エルベのフローレンス However,/ plans to build a bridge/ across the valley/ were made and were approved/ しかしながら / 橋を作るという計画 / 川にかかる / ~ が持ち上がってそして認可された / by a local vote.// The purpose was to reduce traffic jams/ in the area/ around Dresden. 地元の投票によって // その目的は交通渋滞を減らすことだった / その区域の / ドレスデンの周りの // The world Heritage Committee concluded that/ the plans would have a serious impact 世界遺産委員会は ~ と結論を下した / その計画は ~ に深刻な影響を与えるだろうと / on/ its scenery.// In the end,/ it was removed from the list/ in 2009.// 景観に // 結局 / それリストから取り除かれた / 2009 年に // Some areas/ listed as World Heritage Sites/ are faced with a dilemma.// Should they 一部の地域 / 世界遺産としてリストに載っている / ~ に直面している / ジレンマに // protect natural beauty/ or/ develop tourism?// Jiuzhaigou Valley in China was a lake 自然の美しさを保護したほうが良いのか / それとも / 観光業を発展させるのか // 中国の九寨溝は湖の地域 area/ with very beautiful scenery.// More and more tourists are visiting the valley/ / 美しい景観のある // ますます多くの観光客がその渓谷にやってくる // every year,/ so/ hotels for the tourists are required.// Some people think/ it necessary 毎年 / だから / 観光客のためのホテルが必要とされている // 一部の人達は ~ と考える / もっとたくさんのホテル to build more hotels/ to develop tourism.// However,/ it would be difficult to preserve を建てることは必要なこと / 観光業を発達させるためには // しかしながら / 保護することは難しくなるだろう the natural environment,/ if many hotels were built/ there.// 自然環境を / もしたくさんのホテルが建てられたら / そこに //

Part 4 What is necessary/ when we think about the issue of/ protection of World Heritage Sites?// Was, natural disasters, pollution, and economic development can be major problems/ for World Heritage Sites.// There are several sites/ now/ in danger/ for these reasons. Some people think that/ we should make efforts/ to preserve all of these sites/ and / pass them down to/ the next generation.// However,/ there are problems that/ are specific to each area.// It is sometimes difficult to solve these problems/ only in terms of environmental protection.// In fact,/the people in Oman gave up on protecting/ the Arabian Oryx Sanctuary.// It was the development of oilfields that/ they choose/ instead.// They decided that/ the development of oilfields and economic growth were more important/ for their country./ The Dresden Elbe Valley gave up/ its World Heritage status/ for the sake of/ the convenience of local people.// Jiuzhaigou valley is now divided/ between two choices:/ tourism or preservation.// Which should the people of Jiuzhaigou valley choose?// When we look at/ the issue of protection of World Heritage Sites,/ it is necessary to think about/ both its advantages and its disadvantages./ For whom and for what/ do the World Heritage Sites exist?// The example of Oman and Dresden Valley give us points/ to consider.//

Part 4 What is necessary/ when we think about the issue of/ 何が必要なのだろうか?/ ~ の問題について考えるとき / protection of World Heritage Sites?// 世界遺産を保護する Was, natural disasters, pollution, and economic development can be major problems/ 戦争 自然災害 大気汚染 そして経済発展は主要な問題になる / for World Heritage Sites.// There are several sites/ now/ in danger/ for these reasons. 世界遺産の場所にとって // いくつかの場所がある / 今 / 危機に面している / これらの理由で // Some people think that/ we should make efforts/ to preserve all of these sites/ and/ 一部の人は ~ と考えている / 私たちは努力するべきだ / これらの場所を保護するために / そして / pass them down to/ the next generation.// それらを ~ に手渡す / 次の世代 // However,/ there are problems that/ are specific to each area.// It is sometimes しかしながら / ~ の問題がある / すべての地域にとって特定の // ときに difficult to solve these problems/ only in terms of environmental protection.// これらの問題を解決することが難しい / 環境保護の観点だけで考えると // In fact,/the people in Oman gave up on protecting/ the Arabian Oryx Sanctuary.// It 実際 / オマーンの人々は ~ を保護することをあきらめた / アラビアンオリックスの保護区を // was the development of oilfields that/ they choose/ instead.// They decided that/ the 油田開発だった / 彼らが選んだのは / その代わり // 彼レは ~ を決めた / development of oilfields and economic growth were more important/ for their country./ 油田開発と経済発展がより重要 / 自分たちの国にとって // The Dresden Elbe Valley gave up/ its World Heritage status/ for the sake of/ the ドレスデン エルベ渓谷はあきらめた / その世界遺産の地位を / ~ のためにで / convenience of local people.// Jiuzhaigou valley is now divided/ between two choices:/ 地元の人たちの利便性 // 九寨溝はいま分かれている / 2 つの選択の間で / tourism or preservation.// Which should the people of Jiuzhaigou valley choose?// 観光業かそれとも保存か // 九寨溝の人々はどちらの選択をすべきなのか?// When we look at/ the issue of protection of World Heritage Sites,/ it is necessary to ~ に目を向けるとき / 世界遺産の保護の問題に / ~ について考える think about/ both its advantages and its disadvantages./ For whom and for what/ do ことが必要 / 良いことと良くないことの両方 / 誰にとってそして何のために / the World Heritage Sites exist?// The example of Oman and Dresden Valley give us 世界遺産は存在するのか?// オマーンとドレスデン渓谷が私たちに問題点を与えている / points/ to consider.// よく考えるために