3 4067 00276058 4 DU270.J321975 CENQ
LECTURES ON NORTH QUEENSLAND HISTORY SECOND SERIES James Cook University 1975
2,0 no J il I rjniversity OF QUEEf^LAMD LIBRARY MAIN UBRAF^Y
LECTURES ON NORTH QUEENSLAND HISTORY SECOND SERIES HISTORY DEPARTMENT James Cook University of North Queensland 1975
Copyright (c) James Cook University 1975 National Library of Australia Card No, and ISBN O90971U 16 9 Z UNIVERSITY OF QUEEtsfSLAf^D LIBRARY MAIN ummi tf^n i^i^k^^ Printed and published by James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Australia, U8II Registered in Australia for transmission by post as a book
X Chinese and Europeans in North Queensland: a Study in Racial Relations 135 Cathie May XI Ravenswood 1863-1917 1^7 D.C. Roderick XII Wowsers and Diggers: the Impact of Puritan Ideals upon Charters Towers, 1872-1900 Sharon Hayston l69 XIII The Rise of the Amalgsjnated Workers' Association I89 K.H. Kennedy XIV "The Hottest Town in the North": Cloncurry in the Early Twentieth Century 211 M.J. Richards Notes on the Contributors 229 Maps and Illustrations Facing page 1. The Herbert/Burdekin District 10 2. Griffith Taylor's 'Climatographs' 58 3. Generalized Habitability Map of Australia according to Griffith Taylor 58 U. Somerset, Cape York 68 5. Declared Districts of Settlement in Queensland, 186I 79 6. The Kennedy District, I87O 86
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Foreword Ethnohistory and Archaeology in the Herbert/Burdekin 9 Helen Brayshaw I: Racial Violence in North Queensland H. Reynolds 21 III "A State of Open Warfare": Frontier Violence in the Cooktown District 31 I.L. Hughes IV A Conflict of Faiths: Aboriginal Reactions to Christian Missions in North Queensland 47 N.A. Loos V The White Man and the Australian Tropics: A Review of Some Opinions and Prejudices of the Pre-War Years 57 P.P. Courtenay VI "Shipwrecks and Pearl Shells": Somerset, Cape York, 1861^-1877 67 Jean Farnfield VII Pioneer Squatting in the Kennedy District 77 Anne Allingham VIII Women in North Queenslajid 97 Pauline Cahir IX "Whips and Rum Swizzles" 119 C.R. Moore
7. Cairns and District 138 8. The Ravenswood District 152 9. Ravenswood in its Heyday: the main street l66 10» i Ravenswood: a general view ii Ravenswood: the Mabel Mill l66 11. Pioneer Plantation House on the Bvirdekin River 128 12. i Early Agricultural Settler's House, Upper Burdekin in the late l860s ii Pacific Islanders in Queensland: a typical family home, early 1900s 128 13. i Boating, Planter-style ii Boating, Islander-style 130 lu. i An Island Woman in Mackay ii Two Generations 130 15. i The Second Cloncuriy Flying Doctor Base ii VH-UER - the First Plane Used Regularly by the R.A.M.S. 220 16. Amy Johnson 220 17. The Cloncurry Post Office about 1930 22U
FOREWORD In 19lh the History Department published a selection of lectures on North Queensland history which had been given as an integral part of the first-year course in Australian history. Although designed primarily for the use of history students in this University, the publication was bought in substantial numbers by members of the public whose comments have encouraged us to produce a similar volume in 1975. The format is uniform with that of the 197^^ volume; half the authors contributed to both series and drew, in most instances, upon the same research projects: readers of both series, therefore, will observe a marked "family likeness". The present voliime is, however, an entirely new work which does not reproduce anything that appeared in the previoiis one. Once again the publication does not purport to cover the whole of North Queensland history, the whole of any period, or even to touch upon all major themes in that history: it represents what was available in 1975 from research projects currently in progress. The research upon which lecturers drew is at varying stages of completion: some lectures necessarily present interim conclusions which may undergo some modification as the research advances towards completion. Similarly, the contributors range from honours students engaged in their first essay into original research to mature scholars with substantial publication to their credit. These differences are naturally reflected in the lectures, but all, we believe, have something of interest and value for readers; all we hope, will give pleasure as well as instruction. We are again indebted to two contributors from outside the History Department: Associate Professor P.P. Courtenay of the Department of Geography, and D.C. Roderick, a Townsville architect with a \inique knowledge of the goldfield towns which contributed so much to the growth of Townsville and North Queensland. B.J. Dalton Acknowledgements The entire manuscript was typed for the printer by Helen Stokes; maps were drawn and the cover designed by Mr. J. Ngai, Department of Geography; and plates prepared by Mr. M. Lamont, University Photographer. Illustrations to Lecture No. XIV are from photographs in the possession of Mrs. A. Vickers, Brisbane.