at Hungarian concession areas Péter Szűcs, Balázs Zákányi, Tamás Madarász, Andrea Tóth Kolencsikné, Éva Hartai, László Lénárt, Anikó Tóth University of Miskolc, Faculty of Earth Science and Engineering Geochemistry of geothermal fluids workshop University of Miskolc, October 26-27, 217
Mineral-, medicinal-, and thermal water resources in Hungary Favorable conditions in the whole Carpathian Basin outstanding opportunities in utilization OGYFI 248 recognized mineral water brands, 218 recognized medicinal water brands, 67 spas, 12 health resorts, 1 mofette
A mezőkövesdi Tiszaújváros K- A zalakarosi gyógyvíz Zsóry Gyógy- és Tapolcai Strandfürdő Barlangfürdő 5 sz. Eger Városi Mineral-, medicinal-, and thermal water resources in Hungary termálkút Gyógyfürdő Around 5 million m 3 /year thermal water production for balneology use Energetic thermal water production: around 55 million m 3 /year Hungarospa Gyógyfürdő - Hajdúszoboszló Egerszalók - Strandfürdő Kationok [mg/dm 3 ] [mg/l] [mg/l] [mg/l] [mg/l] [mg/l] [mg/l] Kálium, K+ 58 44 1.9 9.7 11.3 9 Nátrium, Na+ 1 81 218 9.2 141 55.7 153 59.6 Ammónium, + NH 4 12 4.9-11.3.85 14.8.2 Kalcium, Ca 2+ 136 37 11 13 151.7 8.6 86 Magnézium, Mg 2+ 47,5 52 11.9 6.4 15.6 5.4 19.7 Vas, Fe 2+,15.26 -.8 2.14.79.4 Mangán, Mn 2+ -.18 - -.11 -.1 Lítium, Li + - 1.58 -.2 -.2 - Alumínium, Al 3+ - - - - - - <,2 Kationok összesen: 216 69.92 124 145.68 226.1 1571.9 174.325 Anionok - Nitrát, NO 3 - <1, 1.3 - Nem mutatható ki - 1.2 Nitrit, NO 2 - - <,2 - - Nem mutatható ki - - Klorid, Cl - 2 42 244 8 1128 2 1495 18.5 Bromid, Br - 6,5 1.43 2.3.22 9.8 - Jodid, J - 5,4.19 1.2.22 5.5 - Fluorid, F- 1,4 4.5.91.7 1.7-2- Szulfát, SO 4 121 17 5-5 37 67.7 Hidrogénkarbonát, HCO 3-1 65 162 366 192 586 179 32 Szulfid, S 2-, S 3-2,9 14.6 - - 2.4.16-3- Foszfát, PO 4,12 2.4 -.32 -.25 - Karbonát, CO 3 2- Anionok összesen: - - - - - 9 - Increasing mineral water consumption 4191 194.12 38.3 352.73 659.342 3348.41 - The importance of balneology research at the University of Miskolc
The increasement and sustainable utilization of geothermal energy in Hungary Geothermal community heating: 25 MW capacity (Miskolc 6 MW, Győr 52 MW ) Geothermal energy in agriculture: 29 MW capacity The geothermal potential of the producing medicinal water wells (around 25): 225 MW Geothermal power plant capacity: one ongoing EGS project, MW el Mainly thermal water related (hydrothermal) projects can be expected in Hungary in the near future the importance of hydrogeology Sustainability issues and technical challenges in the main focus of the experts
Geothermal heat production in the different countries of Europe (EGC, 216) DH - távfütés Agri - mezögazdaság Baln - termálfürdök Indiv egyéni fütés
Well-known fact the geothermal energy potential is high in Hungary Dövényi et al. 1982 35 3 25 2 15 1 Estimated temperature at 5 5 km depth W Elevation a.s.l. (m) H 1 1 5-5 -1-15 -2-25 -3-35 -4-45 9 12 Duna 95 1 1 11 11 12 1 land surface 13 12 12 hydraulic head contour (m a.s.l.) with direction of fluid driving force 15 15 5x exagerated elevation (m a.s.l.) H' 1 Szeged Tisza top of Pre-Neogene basement with fault -5 -Deep over-pressured flow Distance from systems western end of cross section (km) -55 15 11 2 1 1 12 5 15 1 1 9 95 5 2 85 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 8 8 85 9 95 1 85 1 12 15 9 2 H 2? 95 1 12 15 2 5 H'' Tóth and Almási 21 originated from the Pre-Neogene basement -Superimposed, shallower, gravity-driven flow system Unique natural groundwater laboratory József Tóth (vertical exageration: M h M v = 1 ) Temperature at the basin bottom (Szanyi and Kovács 27) 45 5 55 6 65 7 75 8 85 9 1 1 5-5 -1-15 -2-25 -3-35 -4-45 -5-55 E C o 25 24 23 22 21 2 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Overproduction of the Upper-Pannonian thermal water aquifers in Hungary Sustainability aspects Simulated depressions in the Upper-Pannonian aquifers based the national scale flow modeling - Tóth Gy. 212 Less than 1 % of the produced thermal water for energy purposes is injected back into the aquifers Our thermal water resources are not endless
Good example for sustainability 1 % injection rate into a karst aquifer system Geothermal Project of Miskolc well parameters MAL-PE-1 production well Depth: 235 m Fluid temperature: 15 C Yield: 66-9 l/min. MAL-PE-2 production well Depth : 1514 m Fluid temperature : >9 C Yield: 8 l/min. KIS-PE-1 reinjection well Depth : 1737 m Receiving capacity: 16 l/min. KIS-PE-1B reinjection well Depth : 193 m Receiving capacity : 56 l/min. KIS-PE-2 reinjection well Depth : 158 m Receiving capacity : not a final result ~7 l/min. Miskolci Geotermia ZRt - Pannergy Geothermal community heating: 6 MW capacity
Concession application is required for the geothermal energy utilization bellow the depth of 25 m in Hungary Moderate interests from the potential investors
Ongoing concession work by EU-FIRE at Battonya to build the first geothermal power plant in Hungary EGS geothermal power plant is proposed Binary ORC geothermal power plant around 9 MWe Ádám László 217.
Depth (m) Concession areas 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 17 different areas are delineated by the state Battonya Ferencszállás Fertőd Gádoros Gödöllő Győr Igal Jászberény Kecskemét Körmend Nagykanizsa Nagykanizsa-Nyugat Ráckeve Sarkad Szilvágy Szolnok Zalalövő
A zalakarosi gyógyvíz A mezőkövesdi Zsóry Gyógy- és Strandfürdő Tiszaújváros K- Tapolcai 5 sz. Barlangfürdő termálkút Eger Városi Gyógyfürdő Hungarospa Gyógyfürdő - Hajdúszoboszló Egerszalók - Strandfürdő Kationok [mg/dm 3 ] [mg/l] [mg/l] [mg/l] [mg/l] [mg/l] [mg/l] Kálium, K+ 58 44 1.9 9.7 11.3 9 Nátrium, Na+ 1 81 218 9.2 141 55.7 153 59.6 Ammónium, + NH 4 12 4.9-11.3.85 14.8.2 Kalcium, Ca 2+ 136 37 11 13 151.7 8.6 86 Magnézium, Mg 2+ 47,5 52 11.9 6.4 15.6 5.4 19.7 Vas, Fe 2+,15.26 -.8 2.14.79.4 Mangán, Mn 2+ -.18 - -.11 -.1 Lítium, Li + - 1.58 -.2 -.2 - Alumínium, Al 3+ - - - - - - <,2 Kationok összesen: 216 69.92 124 145.68 226.1 1571.9 174.325 Anionok Nitrát, NO 3 - Nitrit, NO 2 - - <1, 1.3 - Nem mutatható ki - 1.2 - <,2 - - Nem mutatható ki - - Klorid, Cl - 2 42 244 8 1128 2 1495 18.5 Bromid, Br - 6,5 1.43 2.3.22 9.8 - Jodid, J - 5,4.19 1.2.22 5.5 - Fluorid, F- 1,4 4.5.91.7 1.7-2- Szulfát, SO 4 121 17 5-5 37 67.7 Hidrogénkarbonát, - HCO 3 1 65 162 366 192 586 179 32 Szulfid, S 2-, S 3-2,9 14.6 - - 2.4.16 - Foszfát, PO 4 3- Karbonát, CO 3 2- Anionok összesen:,12 2.4 -.32 -.25 - - - - - - 9-4191 194.12 38.3 352.73 659.342 3348.41-25 2 15 1 5 Battonya min max min max min max Miocene Mesozoic Paleozoic TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- Ca2+ SO4-
Ferencszállás 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 min max min max Upper Pannonian Paleozoic TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- Ca2+ SO4-
Fertőd 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 min max min max min max Quaternary Upper Pannonian Lower Pannonian TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- Ca2+ Mg2+
Gádoros 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 min max min max min max min max Upper Pannonian Lower Pannonian Mesozoic Paleozoic TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- Ca2+ SO4- H2SiO3
Ferencszállás 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 min max min max Upper Pannonian Paleozoic TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- Ca2+ SO4-
Gödöllő 6 5 4 3 2 1 min max min max min max min max Miocene Oligocene Eocene Triassic (bedrock) TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- Ca2+ Mg2+
Győr 6 5 4 3 2 1 min max min max min max min max Miocene Oligocene Eocene Triassic (bedrock) TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- Ca2+ Mg2+
Igal 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 min max min max min max min max Upper Pannonian Lower Pannonian Miocene Mesozoic TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- Ca2+ Mg2+
Jászberény 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 min max min max min max Upper Pannonian Miocene Mesozoic TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3-
Kecskemét 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 min max min max min max min max Lower Pannonian Miocene Mesozoic Paleozoic TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- SO4- NH4+
Körmend 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 min max min max min max Upper Pannonian Lower Pannonian Miocene TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- CaO NO3-
Nagykanizsa 3 25 2 15 1 5 min max min max min max min max Upper Pannonian Lower Pannonian Miocene Triassic (bedrock) TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3-
Nagykanizsa-Nyugat 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 min max min max min max min max Lower Pannonian Miocene Mesozoic Paleozoic TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- Ca2+ SO4-
Ráckeve 5 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 min max min max min max min max Upper Pannonian Lower Pannonian Miocene Mesozoic TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- Ca2+ SO4- Mg2+
Sarkad 25 2 15 1 5 min max min max min max min max Lower Pannonian Miocene Paleozoic Triász TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- Ca2+ NH4+
Szilvágy 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 min max min max Upper Pannonian Creatic-Miocene TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- CaO NO3-
Szolnok 5 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 min max min max min max min max Lower Pannonian Miocene-Paleogene Upper Cretaceous Lower Cretaceous TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- Ca2+
Zalalövő 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 min max min max Upper Pannonian Creatic-Miocene TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- CaO NO3-
Corrosion and scale problems because of the geothermal fluid compositions Innovative complex scientific and engineering solutions are required to combat against nature extremes (the example of Fábiánsebestény, 1985) z [mbf] 5-5 -15-25 -35-45 Blowout depth: 3684 m Temperature: 19.5 C Formation pressure: 712.26 bar TDS: 29.1 g/l 2 4 6 8 st 9.867 MPa/km Hidrosztatikus nyomásállapot P(z), Rétegnyomás - mélység összefüggés EOV Y: 749 m - 777 m EOV X: 136 m - 157 m Terület: Fábiánsebestény és környéke Szentes-ÉK-1 Oros-1 Nsz-3 Oros-3 Fáb-4 Fáb-4 P [MPa] Bobok, Tóth and Szűcs 28 Fáb-4. 1986. water sample ph 7,7 Total hardness 991,4 g CaO/m 3 NaCl 25,4 g/l Ca(HCO 3 ) 2,82g/l CaSO 4 CaCl 2 NaHCO 3 Na + K + Ca 2+ Mg 2+ + NH 4 Fe 2+ (Al 3+ ) Cl - - HCO 3 SO 4 2- Br - J - HBO 2 H 2 SiO 3 TDS 29,1 g/l,2 g/l 1,33 g/l, g/l 9852,19 mg/l 41, mg/l 616,17 mg/l 55,15 mg/l 14,2 mg/l 13,99 mg/l 1639,6 mg/l 615,65 mg/l 11,5 mg/l 4,3 mg/l 8,4 mg/l 78,74 mg/l 82,95 mg/l
Corrosion and scale problems because of the geothermal fluid compositions Mezőkövesd, Zsóry spa Hydrodynamic relationship with the Bükk thermal karst systems Fotók: Dr. Lénárt László Photos: Dr. Lénárt László
Corrosion and scale problems because of the geothermal fluid compositions Mezőkövesd, Zsóry spa
Conclusions Concurrent thermal water production in Hungary balneology and geothermal energy utilization Valuable but not endless thermal water resources Diverse water chemistry advantages in balneology Challenges in geothermal energy utilization corrosion, scales and other technical problems Water gas rock framework interactions, pressure and temperature conditions hydrogeochemistry No generalized solutions locally specified technical solutions chemicals (inhibitors), magnetic methods, etc.