Food$systems$in$the$urban$se1ng:$ linking$research,$policy$and$ extension$ Carolyn$Dimitri$ Department$of$Nutri>on,$Food$Studies$ and$public$health$ New$York$University$
Social$costs$associated$with$food$ system$ Uneven$food$access$ Food$&$packaging$waste$ Lack$of$green$space$(urban)$ Diminishing$markets$for$small$and$medium$ sized$farmers$ Diet$quality/human$health$implica>ons$ Ecosystem$and$environmental$quality$ Low$wages$and$prices$
Na>onal$vs.$local$policy$ Farm$Bill$target$farms$in$rural$areas;$nutri>on$ policy$ 2008$Farm$Bill$had$some$provisions$for$local$ and$regional$food$ Local$policy$ $food$policy$councils,$food$ system$plans$ Nearly$every$one$of$the$50$largest$ci>es$have$ food$policy$councils$or$food$system/policy$ plans$
Greater$Philadelphia$Food$System$Plan$ Access$to$affordable$farmland$ Protec>on$of$natural$resources$via$markets$ Agricultural$enterprise$development$ Healthy$food$awareness$and$access$ Schools$(robust$educa>on)$ Strengthening$regional$networks$ (mixture$of$policies$and$market$proposals)$
Common$themes$in$food$system$plans$ Increase$access$to$healthy,$fresh$foods$ Promote$expansion$of$farmers$markets$ Promote$urban$farming$ Many$ci>es$have$implemented$policies$that$ support$these$goals:$nyc$health$bucks$&$ Green$Carts;$Chicago$changed$zoning$to$allow$ urban$agriculture$$
Two$research$projects$with$links$to$ policy$and$extension$ Food$access$in$three$ci>es$in$the$US$(NY,$ Boston,$San$Diego)$funder:(Wholesome(Wave$ Urban$agriculture$funder:(NIFA(Agriculture(and( Food(Research(Ini:a:ve(Compe::ve(Grant(( no.(2012b68006b30177((
Food$access:$underserved$communi>es$ Geography$and$income$components$of$access$ Geography:$farmers$markets$ Income:$SNAP$plus$ double$dollars $ Evaluated$the$effec>veness$of$ double$dollars $ on$fresh$fruit$and$vegetable$consump>on$ Collaborators$in$each$study$city:$San$Diego,$ Boston,$and$NYC$
Project$design$ Enrolled$300$women,$100$in$each$city$ 2011$market$season$$ $10$weekly$(vouchers),$to$match$spending$ Recorded$FFV$consump>on$pre$and$postdstudy$ Voucher$redemp>ons$tracked$ Collected$demographic$data$ Cash$incen>ves$for$surveys$
Results$of$study$ Very$vulnerable$(visited$food$bank)$most$likely$to$ drop$out$of$study$ Of$those$who$remained:$ More$likely$to$consume$more$produce:$ those$who$had$not$graduated$hs$$ those$who$consumed$low$levels$of$produce$at$>me$of$ enrollment$ More$likely$to$consume$less$produce:$ $those$shopping$in$poor$neighborhoods$
State$of$urban$farming$in$the$United$ States$ This$work$is$based$on$a$paper$in$draf,$ coauthored$with$stephanie$rogus$(nyu$ doctoral$student)$ Part$of$a$larger$project$funded$by$USDA,$ Na>onal$Ins>tute$of$Food$and$Agriculture,$ (collaborators$lydia$oberholtzer$penn$state;$ Andy$Pressman$ATTRA).$
Lots$of$excitement$about$urban$ farming$ Urban$agriculture$$vs$community$gardens$ (more$than$18,000$community$gardens$ around$the$us)$ Mul>ple$goals$of$urban$agriculture:$educa>on,$ food$provision,$community$building,$increased$ food$access$
Figure'2.$'Number'of'farms'in'the'US'and'the'50'most'populous'MSAs:'2007$ Ü Farm Operations 1-394 395-510 511-904 905-2,228 2,229-6,687 Source:$Census$of$Agriculture,$2007.$$ 0 320 640 1,280 Miles
Anselin s(local(indicator(of(spatial(association((lisa)(on(farm(operations(in(northeast(us. Ü Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT Providence-New Bedford-Fall River, RI-MA Pittsburgh, PA New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Baltimore-Towson, MD Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Richmond, VA Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC Local Moran's I Not Significant (478) HH (29) HL (1) Raleigh-Cary, NC LL (44) Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC 0 110 220 440 Miles!
Role$for$extension$ Tradi>onal$extension$services$not$available$for$ urban$farmers/maybe$adapt$for$urban$ environment?$ One$problem$vis$a$vis$extension$is$the$culture$of$ urban$farming$ In$terms$of$food$access,$working$with$farmers$to$ raise$culturally$desirable$food$for$residents$of$ food$deserts$$ Making$farmers$more$aware$of$opportuni>es$in$ lower$income$areas;$bringing$correct$product$mix$ Assist$farmers$with$EBT$and$double$dollar$ programs$