Horizontal Gas Well Geometry A Look at Industry Practices/Outcomes

Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Sheraton Hotel, Denver, Colorado February 23 26, 24 Horizontal Gas Well Geometry A Look at Industry Practices/Outcomes Rob Sutton Consultant

Major Unconventional Gas Plays Barnett Eagle Ford Fayetteville Haynesville Marcellus Woodford Austin Chalk* *Included as major, long-life horizontal play with large well count February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 2

General Statistics 26,27 Surveys February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 3

Miles Cumulative Lateral Length Cumulative Lateral Length 2, Oil Wells Gas Wells 5,, 5, Jan-9 Jan-95 Jan- Jan-5 Jan- Jan-5 February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 4

Fraction of Total Wells Play Depth.8.6 Austin Chalk Barnett Eagle Ford Fayetteville Haynesville Marcellus Woodford True Vertical Depth.4.2 2, 4, 6, 8,, 2, 4, 6, 8, Depth, ft Play P5 TVD Austin Chalk 2,388 Barnett 7,82 Eagle Ford 9,653 Fayetteville 3,84 Haynesville,97 Marcellus 6,954 Woodford 8,694 February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 5

Fraction of Total Wells Lateral Length Lateral Length.8.6 Austin Chalk Barnett Eagle Ford Fayetteville Haynesville Marcellus Woodford.4.2 2, 4, 6, 8, Length, ft Play P5 Length Austin Chalk 2,487 Barnett 2,24 Eagle Ford 4,45 Fayetteville 3,39 Haynesville 4,25 Marcellus 3,47 Woodford 3,94 February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 6

Lateral Orientation February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 7

Fraction of Total Wells Why Horizontal Wells? Austin Chalk Gas IP Comparison.8.6.4.2 Horizontal Vertical 5,, 5, 3 Day Gas IP, MCFD February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 8

Fraction of Total Wells Well IP by Play.8.6 Gas IP Comparison? Austin Chalk Barnett Eagle Ford Fayetteville Haynesville Marcellus Woodford.4.2 5,, 5, 3 Day Gas IP, MCFD Play P5 Rate Austin Chalk 4,8 Barnett,624 Eagle Ford 2,686 Fayetteville 2,54 Haynesville 8,43 Marcellus 2,98 Woodford 2,45 February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 9

Fraction of Total Wells st Year Average Gas Rate st Year Average Rate.8.6 Austin Chalk Barnett Horizontal Fayetteville Haynesville Marcellus Woodford.4.2 5,, 5, Gas Rate, MCFD Play P5 Rate Austin Chalk,663 Barnett 99 Eagle Ford,675 Fayetteville,34 Haynesville 4,797 Marcellus,895 Woodford,49 February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO

True Vertical Depth, ft Complex Well Geometries, Complex Well Geometries,5 Toe Up,2,25,3,35,4 Hybrid Toe Down Austin Chalk Barnett Eagle Ford Fayetteville Haynesville Marcellus Woodford, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, Closure Distance, ft February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO

True Vertical Depth, ft Complex Well Geometries - Traps,225,25 Complex Well Geometries Undulations that cross 9 create traps,275,3,325,35,375 Traps Austin Chalk Barnett Eagle Ford Fayetteville Haynesville Marcellus Woodford, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, Closure Distance, ft February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 2

Fraction of Total Wells Trap Count Along Lateral.35.3.25.2 Trap Count - Gas Wells Austin Chalk Barnett Eagle Ford Fayetteville Haynesville Marcellus Woodford.5..5 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 + Traps February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 3

Water Vapor, STB/MMCF Traps Contribute to liquid slugging Accumulation site Liquids Debris. Water Vapor Content of Natural Gas Sand Scale Salt.. 5 F 2 F 25 F 3 F 35 F. 25 5 75, Pressure, psia February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 4

Fraction of Total Lateral Typical Angle in Lateral.3.25.2.5 9-95% of lateral is 85-95 Lateral Angle Distribution Austin Chalk Barnett Eagle Ford Fayetteville Haynesville Marcellus Woodford..5 8 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 9 9 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2 Hole Angle, from Vertical February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 5

Gas Operating Envelope Gas Operating Envelope Superficial Liquid Velocity, ft/sec Superficial Liquid Velocity, ft/sec Typical Flow Patterns in Lateral -5 Hole Angle +5 Hole Angle TUFFP Unified Model Flow Pattern Map TUFFP Unified Model Flow Pattern Map Dispersed Bubble Dispersed Bubble Slug Annular Annular Stratified Slug.... Stratified... Superficial Gas Velocity, ft/sec... Superficial Gas Velocity, ft/sec February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 6

True Vertical Depth, ft Toe Elevation Complex Well Geometries,,5 Toe Elevation Eagle Ford Woodford,2,25,3,35 Toe Elevation,4 2, 4, 6, 8,, Closure Distance, ft February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 7

Fraction of Total Wells Toe Elevation Toe Down Wells.8.6 Toe Elevation - Toe Down Wells Austin Chalk Barnett Eagle Ford Fayetteville Haynesville Marcellus Woodford.4.2 2 4 6 8, Toe Elevation, ft February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 8

Fraction of Total Wells Toe Elevation Toe Up Wells.8.6 Toe Elevation for Toe Up Wells Austin Chalk Barnett Eagle Ford Fayetteville Haynesville Marcellus Woodford.4.2 2 4 6 8, Toe Elevation, ft February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 9

Effect of Well Geometry on Recovery Jackson et al. Simulation of Liquid Loading in a Tight Horizontal Gas Well, 22 Denver GWDW / SPE 49477 February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 2

Rate Type Curve using Max Wells Estimated Critical Rate February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 2

No. of Wells Unconventional Gas Play Development Horizontal Gas - First Production 3, Austin Chalk Barnett 2,5 Eagle Ford Fayetteville 2, Haynesville Huron et al Marcellus et al,5 Utica Woodford, 5 pre-22 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2 2 22 February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 22

Fraction of Total Wells Austin Chalk Gas IP.8 Toe Down Toe Up Hybrid Austin Chalk 3 Day Gas IP.6.4.2 5,, 5, 2, Gas Rate, MCFD February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 23

Fraction of Total Wells Austin Chalk Gas EUR.8 Austin Chalk Toe Down Toe Up Hybrid.6.4.2..2.4.6.8. Relative EUR, fraction February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 24

Fraction of Total Wells Barnett Gas IP.8 Toe Down Toe Up Hybrid Barnett 3 Day Gas IP.6.4.2, 2, 3, 4, 5, Gas Rate, MCFD February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 25

Fraction of Total Wells Barnett EUR.8 Barnett Toe Down Toe Up Hybrid.6.4.2..2.4.6.8. Relative EUR, fraction February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 26

Fraction of Total Wells Fayetteville Gas IP.8 Toe Down Toe Up Hybrid Fayetteville 3 Day Gas IP.6.4.2, 2, 3, 4, 5, Gas Rate, MCFD February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 27

Fraction of Total Wells Fayetteville EUR.8 Fayetteville Toe Down Toe Up Hybrid.6.4.2..2.4.6.8. Relative EUR, fraction February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 28

Typical Casing & Tubing Sizes February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 29

True Vertical Depth, ft Toe Elevation & Tubing Placement Complex Well Geometries,6,7,8 End of Tubing Eagle Ford Woodford,9,,,2 Toe Elevation,3,4 Toe Elevation 2, 4, 6, 8,, Closure Distance, ft February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 3

Fraction of Total Wells EOT Elevation EOT - Distance Above Maximum Well TVD.8.6.4.2 Play P5 TVD Austin Chalk 2,388 Barnett 7,82 Eagle Ford 9,653 Fayetteville 3,84 Haynesville,97 Marcellus 6,954 Woodford 8,694 5,,5 2, TVD Distance, ft Austin Chalk Barnett Eagle Ford Fayetteville Haynesville Marcellus Woodford February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 3

Fraction of Total Wells Hole Angle at EOT Hole Angle at EOT Depth.8.6.4.2 Austin Chalk Barnett Eagle Ford Haynesville Fayetteville Marcellus Woodford 2 4 6 8 Angle, February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 32

Fraction of Total Wells Angle Build Rate.8.6 5 Hole Angle Hole Angle 2 Hole Angle 3 Hole Angle 4 Hole Angle Haynesville.4.2 5 5 2 Build Rate, / ft February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 33

Fraction of Total Wells Fayetteville EOT Elevation.8 Fayetteville EOT Elevation Toe Down Toe Up Hybrid.6.4.2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Distance above Well Maximum TVD, ft February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 34

Fraction of Total Wells Fayetteville Gas IP with EOT Placement Fayetteville Gas IP Distribution.8.6 All Toe Down Toe Up - EOT > Toe Up - EOT < Hybrid - EOT > Hybrid - EOR <.4.2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3 Day Gas IP, MCFD February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 35

Fraction of Total Wells Fayetteville EUR with EOT Placement Fayetteville EUR Distribution.8 Toe Down - ALL Toe Up - EOT < Toe Up - EOT > Hybrid - EOT < Hybrid - EOT >.6.4.2.2.4.6.8 Relative EUR February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 36

Observations Many unconventional gas plays in the USA Most are too young to reach definitive conclusions concerning lateral geometry effects on production performance Data from mature plays suggest that long term performance is not influenced by lateral orientation Low flow velocity environment February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 37

Observations Completion philosophy may mask any benefits from different lateral orientation Toe elevation (up or down) is generally much less than end of tubing (EOT) elevation Flow dynamics in larger casing is not optimal for efficiently producing the lateral Performance in Fayetteville is influenced by tubing placement EOT placement in most plays is typically more than ft shallower than the maximum well TVD Further work is required by the industry to optimize horizontal well completions February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 38

Questions? February 23-26, 24 24 Gas Well Deliquification Workshop, Denver, CO 39

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