Strengthening air quality governance in Central Mexico Megalópolis

Transcription

1 Strengthening air quality governance in Central Mexico Megalópolis Air pollution, Health and the Urban Future Beatriz Cárdenas

2 Current projects and initiatives CONCENTRATION (PARTS PER BILLION) Air quality monitoring - Increase coverage (spatial and type of pollutants) - QA/QC harmonization - Comunication (web page + app) High pollution Episodes contingency plan Revision of MCMA existing plan Design of Toluca and Hidalgo plans heallth impacts assessment 32 states million people (2010) 78% urban population 42% in poverty Life expentancy 77 years GNI per capita $9,640 usd (2012) Air quality monitoring stations Source: 6 T H H I G H O Z O N E E P I S O D E N O R T H W E S T ( F E C ) :00 7:00 13:0019:00 1:00 7:00 13:0019:00 1:00 7:00 13:0019:00 OCTOBER 3RD TO 5TH 2015

3 Current projects and initiatives Air quality monitoring - Increase coverage (spatial and type of pollutants) - QA/QC harmonization - Comunication (web page + app) High pollution Episodes contingency plan Revision of MCMA existing plan Design of Toluca and Hidalgo plans heallth impacts assessment Source: Air quality monitoring stations CONCENTRATION (PARTS PER BILLION) 6TH HIGH OZONE EPISODE NORTHWEST (FEC) 1:00 7:00 13:00 19:00 1:00 7:00 13:00 19:00 1:00 7:00 13:00 19:00 OCTOBER 3RD TO 5TH 2015

4 Current projects and initiatives Revision of MCMA existing plan Design of Toluca and Hidalgo plans heallth impacts assessment Mexico City Metropolitan Area Mexico City: Air quality monitoring stations municipalities: 12 million people State of Mexico: 6TH HIGH OZONE EPISODE NORTHWEST (FEC) CONCENTRATION (PARTS PER BILLION) 16 counties: 8 million people Source: Increase coverage (spatial and type of pollutants) - QA/QC harmonization - Comunication (web page + app) High pollution Episodes contingency plan Air quality monitoring 1:00 7:00 13:00 19:00 1:00 7:00 13:00 19:00 1:00 7:00 13:00 19:00 OCTOBER 3RD TO 5TH 2015

5 Maximum 1 hr ozone concentrations trends in Mexico City Metropolitan Area Current high concentration threshold for contingency Fase 1(155ppb) Current national air quality standard NOM (90 ppb)

6 Trends in Mexico City MA air quality: criteria pollutans Annual maximum 1h O 3 Maximum 8 h CO Pb in TSP Fuente:

7 Trends in Mexico City MA air quality: criteria pollutans CO SO 2 PST Pb

8 PM2.5 annual average trend in MCMA Mexican Air Quality estándar es 12 µg/m 3 WHO target 10 µg/m 3 ZMVM NOM-025-SSA Reference_ data from del SIMAT, SEDEMA-CdMx

9 Comparative annual average PM2.5 (µg/m 3 ) ZMVT 33 ZMVM 20 + Temuco 31 Santiago 29 San Francisco 9 Paris Monterrey Madrid 10 Los Angeles 11 Delhi 122 Beijing µg/m3 Fuente: INECC 2014 for Mexican cities and WHO data base 2016

10 Emissions Inventory Vehicular Restriction program ( today I do not circulate Air Quality Programs Compulsory emission testing program Air monitoring System High pollution episodes (contingency program) Air quality policy in MCMA: tools

11 1999: Metropolitan Envirornmetal Comision (Mexico City and Federal Government) 2001: State of Mexico is integrated to Metropolitan Enviornmetal Commission MCMA 2003 and MILAGRO 2006 Research

12 Emissions Inventory Vehicular Restriction program ( today I do not circulate Air Quality Programs Compulsory emission testing program Air monitoring System High pollution episodes (contingency program) Air quality policy in MCMA: tools

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14 0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 Concentración (ppb) 0:00 Concentración (ppb) High pollution episodes contingency plan O3 10/06/2015 to 12/06/ Índice de Calidad del Estación Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera (CCA) 171 IMECA e Índice Actualizado Buena Regular Mala Muy mala Extremadamente mala Estación Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera (CCA) Acciones para combate y prevención de incendios forestales Acciones para suspender o controar obras y actividades que obstruyan o Acciones realizadas para prevenir o controlar quemas a cielo abierto, en Acciones realizadas para verificar si las estaciones de servicio cuentan Suspensión de actividades de impresión sin equipos de control Suspensión de actividades de limpieza y desengrase en talleres e industrias Suspensión de actividades de pintado en vía pública Reforzamiento del programa de vehículos contaminantes Operativos para agilizar tráfico Acciones para notificación a la población Acciones para verificación de aplicación del PHNC Acciones en relación a Salud Aviso a Delegaciones o Municipios Aviso a industrias Municipios donde hubo aviso a escuelas Aviso a dependencias del gobierno federal Aviso a dependencias del Gobierno de entidades Notificaciones telefónicas Avisos a medios de comunicación Entrevistas a medios de comunicación Aviso a miembros del Órgano de Gobierno Acciones reportadas en la Megalópolis

15 Emissions Inventory Vehicular Restriction program ( today I do not circulate Air Quality Programs Compulsory emission testing program Air monitoring System High pollution episodes (contingency program) Air quality policy in MCMA: tools

16 Vehicular emission testing program Escenario Actual HC (ppm) CO (%vol) Nox (ppm) O2 (%vol) LAMBDA Doble Cero Cero Uno Dos Types of certificates granted based on emissions levels

17 Congestion at MCMA

18 Current projects and initiatives Air quality monitoring - Increase coverage (spatial and type of pollutants) - QA/QC harmonization - Comunication (web page + app) High pollution Episodes contingency plan Revision of MCMA existing plan Design of Toluca and Hidalgo plans heallth impacts assessment Reference: CAME Source: Air quality monitoring stations 6TH HIGH OZONE EPISODE NORTHWEST (FEC) CONCENTRATION (PARTS PER BILLION) Central Mexico Megalopolis: 6 states 1:00 7:00 13:00 19:00 1:00 7:00 13:00 19:00 1:00 7:00 13:00 19:00 OCTOBER 3RD TO 5TH 2015

19 Central Mexico Megalopolis Reference: CAME, 2016

20 Central Mexico Megalopolis overview Megalopolis territory: 27,785 km2 Population: 29.4 millions (24% of Mexico) GDP (6 states): 4 trillion pesos (33% of the National) M Air quality High cost of air pollution nationally (533 billion pesos) (3.4% of GDP in 2012) Urban development Urban-rural areas coexist Density varies Consumes 20% of the energy used in Mexico Waste 31,000 metric tons of SW per day (36% of the national) Treatment cap. varies Forests 5,668 hectares of forests are consumed by fires every year At regional level, lack of capacity for atmospheric monitoring. AQ standards still very often exceeded Ozone in Mexico City Metropolitan Area PM2.5 most of the cities Limitations for air-quality policy implementation. Mobility and public transport networks 50% of the national road networks Lack of integrated public transport systems Inefficient and dirty fleet Vehicle fleet 10.4 million vehicles (35% of the national fleet) Current mobility model costs about Water One of the regions with highest hydric stress in Mexico 1.5 billion m 3 consumed annually (28% of national total) 10 out of 27 aquifers overexploited Surface water with high levels of contamination Biodiversity 149,000 hectares of protected land (10% of the territory of the Megalopolis) Provide important ecosystem services, including water recharge Risk to extreme events / Vulnerable to CC 63% of the land surface of the Megalopolis is prone to flooding +18% is in high-risk areas In general, environmental policy coordination was very limited

21 Megalopolis Environmental Commission (CAMe) CAMe is constituted through a Coordination Agreement, with the purpose of carrying out the planning and execution of actions for environmental protection and for the preservation and restauration of the ecological balance in the region The Agreement was officially published on October 3 rd 2013 Members The Head of SEMARNAT The Head of the Mexico City Government The Governor of the State of Mexico The Governor of Hidalgo The Governor of Morelos The Governor of Puebla The Governor of Tlaxcala

22 What about the air pollution crisis this year?

23 Maximum 1 hr ozone concentrations trends in Mexico City Metropolitan Area Current high concentration threshold for contingency Fase 1(155ppb) Current national air quality standard NOM (90 ppb)

24 days Días Number of days when O 3 > 155 ppb Año Number of days when O 3 > 95 ppb year

25 µg/m3 PM2.5 Annual Average in Mexican Metropolitan Areas ZMVM AMM ZMVT NOM-025-SSA Source: Data from Informe Nacional de Calidad del Aire INECC 2014

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27 Integrated measures to improve air quality Group of integrated actions to reduce emisions with specific implementing time goals Strenghening technical and communication institution capacities Integrated measures to improve air quality in Mexico City Metropoiltan Area Strengthening monitoring and forecast air pollution capabilities Review and develop a new program for high levels episodes aimed to protect health

28 Measures to be implemented Public transportation: Integrated and high quality Reduce vehicle use and promote clean technologies (and fuels) Drastic reducitons of heavy duty diesel trucks Emission control: Industrial proceses, fuel distribution, agricultural and trash burning, forest fires Urban expansion and its effects on mobility

29 Emmissions Inventory Vehicular Restriction program ( today I do not circulate uality Programs Compulsory emission testing program for all members of the Megalopolis onitoring System High pollution episodes (contingency program) Air quality policy in the Megalopolis : tools

30 Concluding remarks Air quality improvements in MCMA but need to do more One atmosphere message seems to be on its way First three years of a new environmental governance platform for Central Mexico Megalopolis has already many lessons to learn from Institutional Framework needs to be strengthen Challenges due to the complexity and interaction of environmental, economic and political issues Include all actors in the process Great oportunity for integrating policies climate change and air quality liveability

31 Tendencia de niveles de NO2 en la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México de a 2014 Mexico City Trend Mexico Metro OMI data between Mexico city Line Plot Monthly OMI Nitrogen Dioxide data (top panel) and de-seasonalized data (bottom panel) from 2005 to 2014 for Mexico City.

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