Adventures in the Human Sprit

Transcription

1 Test Item File For Adventures in the Human Sprit SIXTH EDITION Philip Bishop ISBN: Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 1

2 Contents 2. The Ancient World 3 3. Ancient Greece: The Classical Spirit Ancient Rome: The Spirit of Empire The Sprit of Monotheism: Judaism, Christianity, Islam The Early Middle Ages: The Feudal Spirit The Late Middle Ages: The Gothic Awakening The Renaissance Spirit in Italy Reformation and Late Renaissance The Spirit of Baroque The Spirit of Enlightenment Revolution and Romanticism The Industrial Age: The Spirit of Materialism The Spirit of Modernism The Contemporary Spirit 107 2

3 2 Test The Ancient World Item File MULTIPLE-CHOICE 1. The term megalith is properly applied to what work of the ancient world? a. tomb of Nefertari b. Stonehenge c. pyramids at Giza d. Woman from Willendorf Page ref: In which of these would one expect to encounter a depiction of the exploits of Gilgamesh? a. painted inside an Egyptian tomb b. carved on a megalithic structure c. decorating a Shang dynasty bronze bell d. described in a Mesopotamian epic Page ref: What term or topic would be most relevant to a discussion of monumental architecture in the ancient world? a. the caves of Lascaux b. Vedic hymns c. hieroglyph d. ziggurat Page ref: In which of these civilizations or sites would one expect to find a mythic tiger carved of precious jade? a. Shang b. Babylon c. Lascaux d. Amarna Page ref: Which statement best describes the bull s head lyre found in an ancient Sumerian site? a. constructed of gold and lapis lazuli b. buried in a royal tomb with its owner c. inscribed with royal laws and decrees d. shaped of fired clay and painted in red 3

4 Page ref: At which of these sites did archaeologists find ancient and remarkable prehistoric cave paintings? a. Ur-Nammu and Persepolis b. Stonehenge and Göbekli Tepe c. Lascaux and Chauvet d. Karnak and Luxor Page ref: The carved figures of Mycerinus and His Queen, which probably stood along a long causeway, were created by what ancient civilization? a. Olmec b. Old Babylonian c. Indus Valley d. Egyptian Page ref: Hammurabi s Code would be most relevant to a discussion of what topic in the development of ancient civilization? a. the transmission of secret knowledge or mysteries b. the sculptural representation of the human form c. the development of ancient legal systems d. the worship of an ancient Mother Goddess Page ref: What ancient Near Eastern ruler revived the power of the city of Babylon and rebuilt it in grand fashion with an imposing gate and a multi-layered ziggurat? a. Nebuchadnezzar b. Cyrus c. Ramses II d. Hammurabi Page ref: What would one expect to find on a ritual wine vessel (a hu) of the Shang dynasty, China? a. cuneiform writing b. a taotie decoration c. an epic myth of Marduk d. the face of Agamemnon Page ref: The prayers and hymns of the Vedas were the creation of what ancient civilization? a. Indian b. Andean c. Egyptian d. Persian Page ref: The great cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa were discovered in what ancient region or empire? 4

5 a. along the banks of the Nile b. the Persian empire c. on the island of Crete d. in the Indus Valley Page ref: The limestone dancing figures found in the ruins of the Indus Valley civilization demonstrate what aesthetic quality? a. distinctive sense of movement and tension b. a stylized stiffness and formality c. monumental scale appropriate to large architecture d. dramatic conflict and emotion Page ref: Where would the figures of Isis and Osiris most likely be found? a. guarding the body of a Zhou ruler b. inscribed on a column in Old Babylon c. painted on the tomb of the Egyptian queen Nefertari d. at the foot of a Sumerian ziggurat Page ref: Which of these structures is associated with the singular rule of Akhenaten, the unorthodox Egyptian pharaoh? a. Stonehenge b. caves of Lascaux c. ziggurat of Ur-Nammu d. temple of Amarna Page ref: Which of these structures functioned as an elaborate tomb for god-like rulers? a. pyramid at Giza b. Stonehenge c. ziggurat of Ur-Nammu d. Great Bath of Mohenjo-Daro Page ref: The ritual wine vessel (hu) of the Shang Dynasty demonstrates the ancient Chinese skill in what medium? a. fired clay b. cast bronze c. stone carving d. megalithic construction Page ref: What ancient sacred text contains an account of the mythic battle between Marduk and Tiamat, gods of the ancient Sumerians and Babylonians? a. Vedas b. Enuma elish c. Hymn to Aten 5

6 d. Epic of Gilgamesh Page ref: The Sumerians were the first people of the ancient world to accomplish which of the following? a. achieve naturalism in life-size sculpture b. conquer the Greek city-states c. develop forms of writing d. construct bronze weapons Page ref: What characterized ancient Egyptian mythology? a. a focus on dominant earth- and mother-goddesses b. an elaborate interest in life after death c. the belief in a single, all-powerful father god d. gods with human traits of weakness and vanity Page ref: Ancient Indian civilization of South Asia was most noted for which of these works? a. the Epic of Gilgamesh b. Hammurabi s Code c. the Vedas and Upanishads d. stepped ziggurats Page ref: Which statement describes the principal artistic achievement of the Mesoamerican Olmec civilization? a. lavishly decorated royal tombs b. large columned temples for ritual sacrifice c. naturalistic sculptures of the human figure in motion d. colossal helmeted heads carved in stone Page ref: What term or topic would be most relevant to a discussion of the earliest American civilizations? a. the cave paintings of Lascaux b. the Vedas and Upanishads c. the court of Akhenaten d. the cultivation of maize and cotton Page ref: What geographic feature provided the center of early human cultures in the South American continent? a. the Andes range of mountains b. the Mesopotamian plain c. the great river valley of the Amazon d. limestone caves and caverns Page ref: The first great cities of the ancient world arose in what region? 6

7 a. Mesopotamia b. Yellow River valley c. Nile River valley d. central Europe Page ref: In the view of modern scholars, which factor likely played the greatest role in humans different rates of cultural development in the ancient world? a. the absence of large river systems in the New World b. the genetic superiority of some human populations c. the fertile soils and warm climate of Africa and the Americas d. the ease of migration across the land mass of Europe and Asia Page ref: What statement best describes the Persian kingdom established by the rulers Cyrus II and Darius, who built a capital at Persepolis? a. memorialized its rulers with gigantic stone heads b. undertook the construction of monumental pyramids c. created the last and greatest empire of the ancient Near East d. fostered a rich religious heritage of sacred texts Page ref: What topic or term would be most useful in discussing the epic tale of Gilgamesh, whose heroic life culminates in a search for immortality? a. cuneiform b. polytheism c. megalith d. sacred kingship Page ref: What statement best describes the significance of the ancient site of Göbekli Tepe, in modern-day Turkey? a. the oldest megalithic shrine yet discovered b. the capital of a powerful Assyrian king c. the location of brilliantly painted caves d. a complex of gigantic pyramidal altars Page ref: What term would be most useful in explaining the period of rapid cultural progress when humans learned to make stone tools, sew clothes, and paint the walls of rock caves? a. epic b. Upper Paleolithic c. archetype d. cuneiform Page ref: 25 COMPLETION 7

8 1. The large-stone structures of the ancient world, such as Stonehenge in England, are called art. Answer: megalithic Page ref: The were the first people to develop writing, in the form of marks on clay tablets. Answer: Sumerians Page ref: In ancient myths, modern psychologists find evidence of deep-rooted, universal mental images called. rchetypes Page ref: The last and greatest empire of the ancient Near East was the empire, ruled by Cyrus II and Darius. Answer: Persian Page ref: The ancient Egyptians belief in many gods is an example of, the most common religious attitude of the ancient world. Answer: polytheism Page ref: In a brief but significant episode of ancient Egyptian history, the pharaoh and his queen Nefertari fostered a court of religious and artistic innovation. Answer: Akhenaten Page ref: In Asia, the wave of urbanization produced remarkable cities in the Valley, located in modern-day Pakistan and India. Answer: Indus Page ref: The earliest great civilizations of ancient China excelled in the arts of and. Answer: jade carving; cast bronze Page ref: 35 8

9 SHORT-ANSWER 9. Characterize the likely purpose or function of stone-age art. 10. Identify two common religious themes and artistic features in ancient Near Eastern civilizations. 11. Define myth in its function as sacred history in the ancient world. 12. Explain the religious purpose or meaning of two works of Egyptian art. 13. Identify three major artistic or philosophical achievements of early Asian civilizations. 14. Identify the principal centers of ancient American civilization. ESSAY & DISCUSSION 15. Much of ancient religion and mythic belief concerned itself with death and the life beyond death. Illustrate ancient beliefs about death with examples drawn from several different ancient civilizations. Briefly compare these ancient beliefs with beliefs and customs today. 16. In analyzing the artistic achievements of the ancient world, how would you explain the steps or stages of human progress, as measured in works of art, architecture, and literature? In citing several examples from different civilizations, note the stages or phases of this progression and explain the factors that encouraged each new step. 17. Evaluate the images of women in the art of the ancient world. Assess what roles and symbolic significance are attributed to women in these artistic guises, and compare briefly to other artistic or cultural images that you know. 9

10 3 Test Ancient Greece: The Classical Spirit Item File MULTIPLE-CHOICE 1. Rituals involving bull-leaping and female snake deities or priestesses are associated with what ancient civilization? a. classical Greek b. Minoan c. Hellenistic Greek d. Mycenaean Page ref: Which qualities best characterize the Minoan civilization of ancient Crete? a. aggressive and warlike b. fascinated with death and the afterlife c. dominated by a god-like ruler d. pleasure-loving and skilled in craft Page ref: What might one expect to find in an archeological excavation at the ancient palace complex at Knossos, on the island of Crete? a. fragments of a bronze wine vessel b. a Snake Goddess figure c. the "Mask of Agamemnon" d. a life-size statue modeled after Egyptian sculpture Page ref: What culture or period could you best illustrate with the beaten gold funeral mask of a ruler mistaken for Agamemnon, remembered as a hero of the Trojan War? a. Archaic Greek b. Hellenistic Greek c. Mycenaean d. Minoan Page ref: What civilization attacked and plundered the city of Troy and provided the dim cultural memory on which the Homeric poems were based? a. Old Babylonian b. Mycenaean 10

11 c. Indus Valley d. Egyptian Page ref: What term or topic would be most useful in discussing the form and technique of the Homeric poems, the Iliad and Odyssey? a. red-figure b. contrapposto c. epic d. entasis Page ref: In what work would one expect to learn of the exploits of Achilles, Hector, and Odysseus? a. Sophocles Oedipus the King b. Hesiod s Theogony c. Aristotle s Nichomachean Ethics d. Homer s Iliad Page ref: What phrase best describes the achievement of Sappho? a. became lover and advisor to Pericles b. eloped with Paris to prompt Trojan War c. killed her husband, the king Agamemnon d. famed as lyric poet and lover of women Page ref: Where would one expect to find a description of Chaos and the birth of the gods from mother earth? a. Aeschylus Oresteian tragedies b. Homer s Odyssey c. Plato s dialogues d. Hesiod s Theogony Page ref: What Greek thinker or philosophical group first asserted that a mathematical harmony could be found in the universe s underlying structures? a. the Pythagoreans b. Aristotle c. the Epicureans d. Socrates Page ref: What term best describes or explains the atomists belief that the entire universe consisted of tiny physical particles in different combinations? a. idealism b. classicism c. Hellenism d. materialism 11

12 Page ref: The Dipylon Amphora, painted with primitive human figures, is typical of what technique in vase painting? a. classical b. red-figure c. post-and-lintel d. geometric Page ref: Which statement best describes the Delian League, an alliance of Greek city-states in the classical era? a. resisted the conquests of Alexander b. transformed into Athenian empire c. spread Greek culture across the Eastern world d. attacked Troy and the cities of Asia Minor Page ref: What features is distinctive of an Ionic column on a classical building? a. lack of a base b. scrolled capitals c. thick cigar shape d. wide grooves Page ref: The geometric technique is important in what activity? a. sculpting free-standing stone statues b. the painting of ceramic vases c. casting a bronze figure d. erecting a classical Greek temple Page ref: The Kritios Boy, with its subtly tilted shoulders and hips, can be seen as the beginning of what period of ancient Greek art? a. Classical b. Mycenaean c. Archaic d. Hellenistic Page ref: What work best illustrates the moment in Greek art when the stiff symmetry of the Archaic style was being softened by a new human interest and naturalism? a. the Calf-bearer b. Laocoön and his Sons c. the Riace Warrior d. Dying Gaul Page ref: 46 12

13 18. Who was Athens most important political leader during its Golden Age, the period of the Parthenon s construction? a. Sophocles b. Alexander c. Pericles d. Pergamon Page ref: A caryatid column was employed in what work of art? a. the theater of Epidaurus b. the Propylaea c. the Erechtheum d. the Parthenon Page ref: On the Parthenon in Athens, what scene is depicted on the temple s inner or cella (Ionic) frieze? a. the funeral of Pericles b. the competition of Athena and Poseidon c. Apollo quieting the centaurs d. a procession of Athenian citizens Page ref: Flutes and a capital are involved in what part of a classical temple? a. frieze b. column c. ceiling d. cella Page ref: In which work would you find one of the classical orders employed? a. Homer s Iliad b. the Kritios Boy c. Sappho s lyric poems d. the Parthenon Page ref: Which can be seen as a high point of the Archaic style of early Greek sculpture, with its conventionalized style and stiff posture? a. the Riace Warrior b. Praxiteles Aphrodite of Cnidos c. Three Goddesses of the Parthenon d. Kouros from Attica Page ref: How would the technique of contrapposto most likely be used? a. estimate the height of a temple s columns b. calculate the distance between columns c. represent a human figure in sculpture d. defend the acropolis from attack 13