APPENDIX 8 ARCHAEOLOGY. For inspection purposes only.

Transcription

1 APPENDIX 8 ; ARCHAEOLOGY CULTURAL HERITAGE Sites and monuments list Townland names and meanings Map extract from the Townland Survey of County Cavan f 838 General History of Ballyconnell Map Extract from the Ordnance Survey Letters Plantation Estates Map of County Cavan Discovery Map Showing Protected Sites and Monuments within 3km of the Site Sites and M0numents.Map.s Aerial view illustrating Landuse/ Heritage Landscape References

2 Sites and Monuments Record,:.: i..,.,.,.,:: i.,.:,.,$~.~,:,, ;. a;.....&. Monument Number CVOI o CVOI o cvo 1 O-005 CVOI o CVOI O CVOIO-013 CVOIO-014 CVOI O-01 6 CVOI o-01 9 cvo I O-020 CVOI O-021 cvo 1 O-022 National Townland Grid 22746/31865 Annagh (Tullyhaw BY.) 22746/31865 Annagh (Tullyhaw BY.) 22745/32117 Aughrim 22704/31883 Doon (E.D. Ballyconnell) 22704/31883 Doon (E.D. Baliyconnell) 22741/31934 Doon (E.D. Ballyconnell) 22746/31925 Doon (E.D. Ballyconnell) 22703/31956 Gortoorlan 22543/31859 Mullanacre Lower 22634/31886 Snugborough Snugborough 22682/31908 Snugborough Classification Castle Bawn site Wedge-Tomb (Original location) Castle site possible Sheela-na-gig location) Court-Tomb Barrow (Present Ringfort (Rath/Cashel) site Rath Rath Rath Rath Table: Recorded Sites and Monuments within 5 km of the proposed site. Townland Names of Coun@ Cavan, Parish by Parish, from Annagh to Urney. Liam 6 Ceallnigh. Mucklagh- Muclach- a piggery Gortawee or Scotchtown- Gort Aodha Bhui-yellow Hugh s field Aughrim- no meaning found Snugborough- (as Carrowmore) Got-toorlan- Gorttirlann- field of the forecourt or front garden Rakeelan- Rath Chaolain- Keelan s fort Carrowmore- Ceathru mot-- great quarterland Ballyconnell- Beal Atha Conaill- mouth of the ford of C &-taill Derryginny- Doire Fainimh- oakwood of the sand Cullyleenan- Coil1 an Lionain- wood of the ravine or gorge Corranierna- Corr an larna- hill of the skein. General History of Ballyconnell- Northern Archaeological Consultancy Ltd. In the second half of the Early Christian period, the area of the proposed development site was falling under the power of the grouping known as the Ui Briuin Breifne (who occupied most of County Cavan). The latter were offshoots of one of the royal clans of Connaught and were descendants of Brian, brother of Niall of the nine hostages. While Niall s descendants, known as the Ui Neill, expanded into north-western Ulster and the midlands, the Ui Briuin began a similar, slightly later, expansion across the Ulster/ north Connaught borderlands, This initially effected Leitrim and, subsequently, Cavan. The difficult nature of the land, particuiarly in

3 :. ;, Leitrim, gave this territory the nickname the rough third of Connaught. The O Rourkes were the first and most prominent clan to emerge from the Ui Briuin Breifne royal Sept. They were to become very powerful as the Ui Briuin Breifne expansion reached its zenith in the 12th century, when the kingdom stretched from Drumcliffe (Sligo coast) to Kells (Co. Meath). The O Rourkes were not the only sept that branched off from the Early Christian Ui Briuin Breifne royal house. The Ui Raghallaigh (O Reilly) clan had the same ancestry :. as the Ui Rourkes, only diverging from them when the kingship was monopolised by the O Rourkes in the 1 Ith century. The O Reillys were afterwards viceroys of the hugely expanded kingdom of Breifne and ruled an area of Cavan, called Machaire Gailenga. However, as the O Roukes power greatly expanded through alliance with the O Connor high kings, relations soured between the O Rourkes and O Reillys. This led to a brief tactical alliance with the Leinster forces and their newly introduced Anglo-Norman allies in the 1170s. However, the O Reillys lands were soon put under pressure by the Anglo-Normans, who built forts at Kilmore and Belturbet. This came to a head, with the O Reillys being forced to submit to Walter de Lacey in 1229, who then built a castle a Lough Oughter. However, a branch of the de Laceys revolted against the crown in 1224 and returned to Lough Oughter. The O Reillys then cooperated with English crown forces to defeat and capture de Lacey. The O Reillys then destroyed the Anglo-Norman fortress at Kilmore. The de Laceys tried to regain their lands and invaded Cavan in 1233, but were defeated by the O Reillys. The O Reillys were then in conflict with the O Neills and the O Connors. This led to a heavy defeat by the O Rourkes and O Connors at Magh Slecht. However, the clan s fortunes revived under Giolla losa Ruadh O Raghallaigh, who became chief in He maintained a crucial alliance with the exceptionally powerful Richard de Burgh, the Earl of Ulster and ruler of Connaught. In this period, the O Reillys dominated East Breifne (similar in extent to Cavan) while the O Rourkes held West Breifne (similar in extent to Leitrim). At one stage it looked like the O ReiHys would overrun the O Rourkes and become the rulers of all Breifne, but this division of Breifne remained until the early 17 century.. l :. : a However, there were other clan groupings in the area. Indeed one small grouping lay between the O Reillys and O Rourkes. This territory was called Teallach Eachach, now the barony of Tullyhaw in western Cavan. The proposed development site is located within the eastern edge of this barony. This was occupied by the MagShamhradhain (Magowran) clan. They, together with the MagThighernan (MacTiernan) clan of Teallach Dhonnchadh (barony of Tuilyhunco, Co. Cavan) were minor branches of the Ui Briuin Breifne, who maintained some level of independence. The Magowrans remained in the area of the proposed site until the plantation, After the defeat of the native Irish by the Elizabethan English, the area was included in the land that was to be part of the Ulster plantation of British settlers. The proposed site was within the plantation precinct or barony of Tullyhaw, which was given over to servitors and natives. Other Cavan baronies had different fates. Loughtee went to English undertakers, while Tullyhunco and Clankee went to Scottish undertakers. Of the native Irish, only Mulmory O Reilly was given a significant area of land, the others (mainly O Reillys and Magowrans) being given small plots. The development site lay within the part of the servitors lands of Tullyhaw that was granted jointly to Walter Talbot and Hugh Culme. The former was a recusant palesman servitor, while the latter was an English-born constable of Cloughoughter castle and provost Marshall of Cavan. Culme s section was called the manor of

4 Dromany, while Talbot gained the manor of Ballyconnell. The grants show that the site probably lay in Talbots lands, which included Mucklagh and Skeagh (see map section). It was noted in 1611 that they had built a strong timber house and two more of wattles. The O Reilly pedigree notes that Talbot founded a castle at Ballyconnell. Pynnar s survey of 1619 and a survey of 1622 noted that Captain Culme and Walter Talbot held 1500 acres called Ballyconnell. These surveys noted the presence of a strong bawn, which contained a castle of lime and stone... The size of the estate was increased by acquiring the lands of Donnell Bachagh McShane O Reilly. William Talbot died in 1625, when he was succeeded by his 10 year old son, James. The Talbot family still held this land until the 1641 uprising, after which their lands were lost in the Cromwellian confiscation. The Talbot land was given to Captain Thomas Gwyllym. Gwyllym had a house of 5 hearths in this period, which was obviously Ballyconnell Castle. This was apparently located on the east bank of the Woodford River, opposite the modern village, close to an old ford in Annagh. This area was then mainly obtained, through predatory speculation, by the Massereene, Beresford and Coote families. The Sites and Monuments Record- Known Archaeology in the Area. Several archaeological sites are known within 2km of the proposed development site. The earliest phase of Irish prehistory, the Mesolithic ( BC), is not locally represented. Fishing, hunting and gathering were the staples of the economy during this period in Ireland. Fishing was, apparently, the single most important source of food. The site is not near enough to any major rivers or Loughs to have made this a particularly attractive area. The Neolithic ( BC) is represented by a megalithic court tomb in Doon (Cavan 10:13). The following Bronze Age era ( BC) was represented by megalithic wedge tomb (Cavan 10:5) in Aughrim townland, which was formerly located within the eastern edge of the proposed site (see below). A possible ploughed-out ring barrow at Doon (Cavan 10:14) may date to this period or the following Iron Age (c600bc-450ad). The Early Christian period (450-I l50ad) is the most prolific era in terms of surviving archaeological sites in Ireland. Many of the sites noted within 2km of the proposed development site probably date to this era. By far the most common sites of the Early Christian period in Ireland are ringforts. These are typically roughly circular-planned enclosures c m in internal diameter. The enclosing element normally consists of an earthen internal bank and external ditch. These were semidefensive sites containing the habitations of the wealthier of the secular land-owning classes of the period. There are local existing or (possible) former examples in Snugborough (Cavan 10:20, 21 and 22) Mullanacre (Cavan 10:19), Cullyleenan (Cavan IO:1 1) and Gortoorlan (Cavan 10:16). There is a probable crannog (artificial island dwelling) in Annagh Lough in Doon townland (Cavan 10:2). There are no early church sites recorded in the Sites and Monuments Record. However, the Tomregan figure in the Church of Ireland church at Ballyconnell is probably an Early Christian carving (Cavan 10:1202). This was apparently found in a ditch at Mullynagolman. It has been speculated that there may have been an early ecclesiastical site/ college here in this period and the following Medieval period (1150-I 550AD). The Plantation period ( ) may be represented by a Williamite fortification on the outskirts of Ballyconnell in Doon townland (Cavan IO:1 201). However, the suggested location at a local church is not supported by any firm evidence.

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7 -we- EzY BOUNDARY, II e-_--m ESTATE 11 5MALL- PROPORTION. MIDDLE n GREAT 11 CASTLE. NAME OF MANOR. WATER. CHURCH LAND. ESTATE ENUMERATION INCOMPLETE IN EARLY XVI I C. ATTACHEDTO NEtGH BOURING BARONY. d SMALL ESTATE. HAMILTON UNDERTAKER DNREGIE MANOR Ntii.. Flemhq SERVITOR OR NATIVE, amshrcn PARISH. + CHURCH. ii%-@ TERMON LAND LEASED BY LORD LAMBERT.

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9 . References..,;.I.,.., 1...,,.,. ::,,. :. ::.,.:...: :-).. :.:..s.,:. :<: :.,:.1. i,: Davies, O., The Castles of County Cavan, ( ) Ulster Journal of Archaeology. en Foras Forbartha, (1975), Index to Heritage Items in County Cavan. 0 Ceallaigh, Townland Names of County Cavan, Parish by Parish, from Annagh to Urney. O.P.W., Sites and Monuments Record. - De Valera, R. and bnualliin, S. (1972) Survey of the megalithic tombs of Ireland, ~01.3. Stationery Office, Dublin. Ordnance Survey Letters of Cavan-Leitrim, (1836). Anglo-celt Newscuttings. 0 Donovan, (1995), Archaeological Inventory of County Cavan, O.P.W. Mitchell, F. and Ryan, M., (1997), Reading the Irish Landscape, Town House and Country House, Dublin.

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