CHRÁNIME KULTÚRNE DEDIČSTVO PRE BUDÚCE GENERÁCIE

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1 MAJITELIA HOLÍČSKEHO PANSTVA Holíčsky zámok pohľad od Bažantnice Územie Holíča poskytovalo vhodné podmienky pre osídlenie už od praveku. V období Veľkomoravskej ríše sa v okolí dnešného Holíča nachádzali osady, ktoré patrili k hradisku Valy pri Mikulčiciach. Holíčsky hrad, nazývaný aj Nový Hrad od prvej polovice 13. storočia chránil medzinárodnú obchodnú komunikáciu nazývanú Česká cesta. Strategická poloha spôsobila, že sa o Holíč viackrát bojovalo a bol obsadený cudzími armádami. Pôvodne bol kráľovským majetkom ale od 13. storočia ho postupne vlastnili viaceré uhorské šľachtické rody. Na prelome 13. a 14. storočia ho ovládol Matúš Čák Trenčiansky. V roku 1390 Holíč vlastnil šľachtic Stibor zo Stiboríc, ktorý sa počas panovania Žigmunda Luxemburského za krátky čas vypracoval medzi najzámožnejších uhorských magnátov. Po smrti Stiborovho syna a dediča Stibora ml. v roku 1434, Holíč opäť získal Žigmund Luxemburský a založil ho Gašparovi Šlikovi. Okolo roku 1440 sa Holíč dokonca dostal do polepšeného rodového erbu Šlikovcov, ako modré pole so zlatým levom držiacim v labách pred sebou biely kostol, čo bol symbol Holíča, ktorý sa v latinčine nazýval aj Alba Ecclesia Biely Kostol. V rokoch bol hrad v rukách rytiera Pongráca zo Svätého Mikuláša. Potom ho na istý čas opäť vlastnili Šlikovci. Kráľ Matej Korvín bojujúci s českým kráľom Jurajom z Poděbrad zbavil Šlikovcov vlastníctva holíčskej pohraničnej pevnosti, tí sa však neskôr domáhali vrátenia panstva. V roku 1489 Matej Korvín zálohoval hrad Holíč bratom Imrichovi a Martinovi Coborovcom. Dlhy Imrichovho syna Gašpara spôsobili, že po jeho smrti si na Holíč robili nároky aj Bakičovci, Révaiovci, Šlikovci a potomkovia Martina Cobora. Sporom nezabránili ani príbuzenské zväzky rodov, ani uzatvorenie dohody v roku Spory pokračovali celé desaťročia. Posledný majiteľ panstva z rodu Coborovcov, gróf Jozef Cobor, sa v 30. rokoch 18. storočia ocitol vo vážnych finančných problémoch. Zdedené dlhy, ktoré sa mu nepodarilo splatiť, ale naopak ich navýšil, ho prinútili vzdať sa panstva. V 30. rokoch 18. storočia sa vlastníkom stáva František Štefan Lotrinský. Pre Holíč nastáva zlatý vek v jeho rozvoji. Po smrti Františka Štefana panstvo so zámkom postupne strácalo charakter miesta, ktoré pravidelne navštevoval panovník. Majitelia zámku Habsburgovci ho navštevovali len sporadicky. Habsbursko-Lotrinskej dynastii patril zámok s celým panstvom až do vzniku 1. Československej republiky. OWNERS OF THE HOLÍČ ESTATE Čínska sála Holíčskeho zámku The Holíč area offered suitable conditions for human settlement even in ancient times. In the period of the Great Moravian Empire, settlements were located in the area around today s Holíč, which then belonged to the Mikulčice-Valy hill-fort. Holíč Castle (Holíčsky hrad), also called Nový Hrad, or New Castle, protected an international trade route named the Czech Road from the first half of the 13th century onwards. The strategic position is the reason why Holíč was fought over several times and was occupied by foreign armies. It was originally a royal property. However, from the 13th century on it was gradually owned by several Hungarian noble families. At the turn of the 13th to the 14th century Matthew Csák of Trenčín possessed it. In 1390, Holíč was owned by the nobleman Stibor of Stiboricz, who worked among the wealthiest of Hungarian magnates for a short time during the reign of Sigismund of Luxemburg. After the death of Stibor s son and heir, Stibor the younger, in 1434 Sigismund of Luxemburg again acquired Holíč and then bequeathed it to Gašpar Šlik. Around 1440 Holíč was even added to the amended coat-of-arms of the Šlik family: a blue field with a golden lion holding in its paws a white church the symbol of Holíč which in Latin was also named Alba ecclesia, or White Church. From the castle was in the hands of the knight Pongrác from Svätý Mikuláš (today Liptovský Mikuláš). Then for a period of time the Šlik family again owned it. King Matthias Corvinus, battling with Czech King George of Poděbrady, confiscated the Holíč border stronghold from Šlik family, but the Šlik family later demanded the return of the estate. In 1489 Matthias Corvinus mortgaged Holíč Castle to the brothers Imrich and Martin Czobor. Imrich s son Gašpar accumulated a great deal of debt, and after his death claims on Holíč were made by the Bakič, Révay, Šlik families as well as the descendents of Martin Czobor. Neither family ties nor the concluding of an agreement in 1554 could avert the disputes, which went on for decades afterwards. The last owner of the estate from the Czobor family, Count Jozef Czobor, found himself in serious financial problems in the 1730s. The inherited debts, which he was unable to pay and, in fact, increased, forced him to give up the estate. In the 1730s Francis Stephen, Duke of Lorraine (later Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor), became owner of the estate. A golden age of development then occurred for Holíč. After the death of Francis I, the estate with its chateau gradually lost the character of a site regularly visited by the monarch. The owners of the chateau, members of the Habsburg family, visited it only sporadically. The chateau and the entire estate remained in ownership of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty up to the origin of the First Czechoslovak Republic. Holíčsky zámok

2 HOLÍČ KRÁĽOVSKÝM MAJETKOM A MAJETKOM MATÚŠA ČÁKA TRENČIANSKEHO Okolo roku udelil kráľ Ondrej II. nitrianskemu županovi Tomášovi a jeho synom opustený majetok Skalicu a približne v rovnakom čase daroval Holíč Kemenovi, synovi Tvrdu, prvému známemu predkovi rodu Motičinských. Kemen sa však nestal trvalým vlastníkom darovaného majetku. Pravdepodobne oň prišiel v rámci prísnej revízie kráľovských donácií nariadenej Ondrejovým synom Belom IV. Neskôr získal hrad Kemenov syn Vavrinec a potom jeho vnuk Kemen. Kemen sa zrejme koncom 13. storočia už ani neuchádzal o viacnásobne získaný a stratený majetok. Vďaka tomu hrad Holíč a jeho majetkový obvod zostali v kráľovských rukách až do roku 1296, kedy sa v Holíči objavuje Matúš Čák Trenčiansky. Na Záhorí sa Matúš Čák uchytil už začiatkom 90. rokov 13. storočia, keď sa stal bratislavským županom. Z poverenia kráľa Ondreja III. vyháňal z juhozápadného Slovenska Rakúšanov a šľachticov z Kyseku, ktorí obsadili Plavecký hrad. V roku 1296 kráľ Ondrej III. daroval Holíčsky komitát za verné služby Abrahámovi Rufusovi. Abrahám sa z novozískaného majetku veľmi dlho netešil. Zrejme musel Holíč pod nátlakom odovzdať do rúk svojho pána Matúša Čáka. Bratia Čákovci začali už koncom 13. storočia budovať aj majetkovú doménu Holíča. Matúš Čák nechal starý kráľovský vodný hrad nanovo opevniť a jeho správou poveril niektorého zo svojich verných kastelánov. V roku 1315 sa o Holíčsky hrad rozpútala bitka medzi ním a českým kráľom Jánom Luxemburským. Holíč zostal majetkom Matúša Čáka až do jeho smrti. Keďže nezanechal po sebe priamych dedičov, za svojho nástupcu určil pred smrťou synovca Štefana Čecha z rodu Šternberkovcov. Štefan Čech aj so svojimi najbližšími stúpencami získal právo slobodného obchodu a k tomu aj dočasne vlastníctvo hradných panstiev Holíč a Branč. Štefan spomínané majetky vlastnil až do roku 1332, keď na základe dohody s českým kráľom Jánom pripadli Karolovi Róbertovi, pochádzajúcemu z dynastie Anjou. Holíč sa tak znova dostáva do rúk panovníka. HOLÍČ AS ROYAL PROPERTY AND THE PROPERTY OF MATTHEW CSÁK OF TRENČÍN Matúš Čák Trenčiansky Around King Andrew II of Hungary bestowed the abandoned property of Skalica to the Nitra župan Tomáš (župan akin to a county administrator) and his son, and approximately at the same time gifted Holíč to Kemen, son of Tvrda, the first known ancestor of the Motičinský family. Kemen, however, did not become the permanent owner of the gifted property. He probably lost it the course of a strict review of royal donations ordered by Andrew s son Béla IV. Later, Kemen s son Vavrinec acquired the castle and then his grandson, also named Kemen. At the end of the 13th century Kemen obviously no longer even aspired to own the property, now several times acquired and lost. Thanks to this Holíč Castle and its properties remained in royal hands up to 1296, when Matthew Csák of Trenčín appeared in Holíč. Matthew Csák took hold over the Záhorie region at the beginning of the 1290s, when he became the župan (county administrator) of the Bratislava župa, or county. On the authority of King Andrew III of Hungary, he chased out of what is today south-western Slovakia the Austrians and nobles from Kysek, who had occupied Plavecký Castle. In 1296, King Andrew III gifted Holíč County (then part of the Kingdom of Hungary) to Abrahám Rufus for his loyal service. Abrahám did not enjoy his newly acquired property for very long, however. Apparently under pressure, he had to hand Holíč over to the hands of his master Matthew Csák. The Csák brothers began to build up property in the domain of Holíč at the end of the 13th century. Matthew Csák had the old royal water castle again fortified and entrusted its administration to one of his loyal castellans. In 1315, a battle broke out over Holíč Castle between him and the Czech King, John of Bohemia. Holíč remained the property of Matthew Csák until his death. Since he left no direct heirs behind him, before his death he appointed his nephew, Štefan Čech from the Šternberk family, as his successor. Štefan Čech and his closest followers obtained the right of free trade and along with this temporary ownership of the Holíč and Branč castles. Štefan owned the mentioned properties until 1332, when on the basis of an agreement with the Czech King John, they fell to Charles Robert from the Anjou dynasty. Holíč thus again came into the hands of the monarch. Fragmenty z Dalimilovej kroniky

3 ROD STIBOROVCOV Nástupom kráľa Žigmunda Luxemburského na uhorský trón sa začali rýchlo meniť vlastnícke pomery v krajine. Nový kráľ v snahe získať si priazeň uhorskej šľachty začal štedro rozdávať kráľovské majetky. Žigmundovým verným stúpencom bol šľachtic poľského pôvodu Stibor zo Stiboríc a z Beckova. Stiborovci pochádzali z poľského rodu Ostojovcov so sídlom v obci Stiborice, podľa ktorej používali svoj predikát. Do Uhorska Stibor prišiel v čase panovania Ľudovíta Veľkého. Stal sa bratislavským a trenčianskym županom, sedmohradským vojvodom, členom Dračieho rádu. Za manželku si zobral poľskú šľachtičnú Dobrochňu Steszewsku. Kráľ ho za preukázané služby odmeňoval donáciami hradných panstiev na Považí a Záhorí. Postupne Stibor získal niekoľko panstiev. Donáciou z 28. júla 1392 získava Holíč. Najskôr išlo o udelenie Holíča do doživotnej držby, pretože kráľ zrejme nechcel celkom stratiť kontrolu nad veľmi dôležitým strategickým miestom ležiacim v uhorsko českom pohraničí. Dôvodom kráľovského darovania bola chrabrosť, ktorú Stibor preukázal počas vojenskej výpravy proti Srbom a Turkom. Uvedenie do držby sa pre šľachtica stalo nielen dôležitým právnym aktom, ale aj významnou spoločenskou udalosťou. Ako predmet darovania sa na prvom mieste spomína hrad Holíč, potom mestečko Holíč spolu s výnosom z miestneho trhu. Stibor sa stal okrem samotného hradu majiteľom jedného privilegovaného mesta, troch mestečiek, 26 obývaných dedín a 6 opustených lokalít. Panstvo zaberalo väčšinu územia severného Záhoria ležiaceho na pravom brehu rieky Moravy. Stibor bol zemepánom, ktorý veľmi nezasahoval do fungovania samosprávnych komunít. Podporoval hospodársky rozvoj dedín, pretože prosperujúce dediny a mestečká mu zaručovali vyšší príjem. Dedičným majiteľom Holíča sa Stibor zo Stiboríc a Beckova stal 26. októbra 1395, keď kráľ Žigmund vydal novú donačnú listinu na Holíčske hradné panstvo, ktoré mu udelil iure perpetuo, t.j. na večné časy. Stibor vlastnil Holíč až do svojej smrti roku Po ňom sa novým pánom panstva stal jeho jediný syn Stibor mladší, ktorý síce nedosiahol otcove hodnosti a vplyv, ale patril medzi vysoko vzdelaných svetských šľachticov svojej doby. Stibor mladší podobne ako jeho otec sídlil väčšinou na Beckove. Do Holíča zavítal len občas. Až do konca svojho života sa angažoval v bojoch s husitmi, čo bolo prirodzené, pretože jeho majetky ležali v oblasti, ktorá najviac trpela ich neustálymi nájazdami. Zomrel začiatkom roku Stibor mladší po sebe nezanechal mužských dedičov. Mal len jedinú dcéru Katarínu, ktorá mala zdediť prinajmenej štvrtinu otcovských majetkov. Obrovské stiborovské majetky zlákali aj Stiborovho bratranca Nikolajka, či kráľa Žigmunda. Nikolajkovi sa napriek ozbrojeným výpadom nepodarilo získať z bohatého dedičstva takmer nič. Holíč sa po takmer 40. rokoch stal znovu kráľovským majetkom. Kráľ Žigmund však nezostal zemepánom Holíča nadlho, lebo čoskoro prepožičal panstvo do držby svojmu vernému barónovi Štefanovi z Rozhanoviec, županovi bratislavskému a nitrianskemu. Štefan držal Holíč veľmi krátko a po smrti Žigmunda sa tohto majetku vzdal v prospech nového kráľa Albrechta Habsburského. THE STIBOR FAMILY Stibor zo Stiboríc With the arrival of King Sigismund of Luxemburg to the throne of the Kingdom of Hungary ownership relations in the country began to change rapidly. The new king, in an effort to acquire the favour of the Hungarian nobility, began to generously hand out royal property. A loyal follower of Sigismund was the nobleman of Polish origin, Stibor of Stiborícz and of Beckov. The Stibor family came from the Polish Ostoja clan with their seat in the village Stiborice, from which it took its descriptive name. Stibor came to the Kingdom of Hungary during the reign of Louis I of Hungary (Louis the Great). He became the župan of the Bratislava and Trenčín Counties, the Voivode of Transylvania and a member of the Order of the Dragon. He took Polish noblewoman Dobrochňa Steszewska as his wife. The king rewarded him for proven service with grants of the castles estates of the Považie (along the River Váh) and the Záhorie regions. Stibor also gradually acquired several other estates. He acquired Holíč by a grant from 28 July Soon Holíč was granted into his lifelong holdings, because the king obviously did not want to completely lose control over a very important strategic location lying in the Kingdom of Hungary the Czech border regions. The reason for the royal gifting was the valour which Stibor demonstrated during military excursions against the Serbs and Turks. Placing into holding not only became an important legal act for a noble but also a significant social event. Holíč Castle is listed in first place as the subject of the gifting, then the town of Holíč together with the revenues from the town market. Stibor became owner of, aside from the castle itself, one privileged town, three small towns, 26 populated villages and six abandon localities. The estate covered most of the land of today s northern Záhorie lying on the right bank of the Morava River. Stibor was a squire who did not interfere much into the functioning of his self-governing communities. He supported the economic development of the villages, because prospering villages and towns guaranteed him a higher income. Stibor of Stiboricz and Beckov became the hereditary owner of Holíč on 26 October 1395, when King Sigismund issued a new donation document for the Holíč Castle estate, which granted it to Stibor iure perpetuo, i.e. for all time. Stibor owned Holíč until his death in Afterwards, his only son, Stibor the younger, became the new lord of the estate, and though he did not achieve his father s station and influence, he did rank among the highly educated world nobles of his age. Stibor the younger, like his father, was based mainly at Beckov. He only visited Holíč intermittently. He was involved in battles with the Hussites until the end of his life. This was natural, because his property lay in the area that suffered the most from their continual excursions. He died at the beginning of Stibor the younger did not leave a male heir behind. He had only one daughter Katarína, who was to inherit at least a quarter of her father s property. The gigantic Stibor property also attracted Stibor s cousin Nikolajko and King Sigismund. Despite an armed raid, Nikolajko gained almost nothing from the rich inheritance. After nearly 40 years, Holíč again became a royal property. King Sigismund, however, did not remain squire of Holíč for very long, because he soon bestowed the estate into the holding of his loyal Baron, Stephen of Rozhanovce, župan of Bratislava and Nitra. Stephen held Holíč for a very short time, and after the death of Sigismund he gave up this property in favour of the new king, Albrecht von Habsburg. Odpis listiny Žigmunda Luxemburského z roku 1435

4 ROD ŠLIKOVCOV Počas svojho života cisár Žigmund usiloval o zaistenie nástupníctva v Čechách pre svojho zaťa Albrechta. Osobou, ktorá výrazne prispela k tomu, aby sa tak stalo bol Gašpar Šlik, ktorý agitoval za Albrechta sľubmi, ale i finančnými prostriedkami. Za tieto služby mu nový panovník Albrecht II. daroval v marci roku 1438 panstvo Holíč. Ako Albrecht uvádza v listine dŕžavu Šlikovi daroval za zásluhy a tiež, preto, lebo to sľúbil u smrteľného lôžka Žigmunda. Gašpar Šlik bol pôvodom nemecký mešťan z Chebu. Do obdobia okolo roku 1472 datujeme prvé doložené delenie šlikovského rodu. Vznikla Václavova línia chebská, Matesova loketská, línia holíčsko-kreuzensteinská Žigmunda a Mikuláša Šlika. Gašpar Šlik sa síce svojho vlastníctva ujal, ale vzhľadom na svoju angažovanosť v ríšskych záležitostiach, správu panstva zveril svojim oddaným kastelánom. V osobe Gašpara Šlika sa v I. polovici 15. storočia objavuje nový grófsky rod s predikátom z Pasouna a Holíča. V roku 1449 Gašpar Šlik zomrel. Až po jeho smrti sa zistilo, že bol prvým ríšským kancelárom, ktorý bol zároveň aj falzátorom stredovekých listín. Keďže bol neurodzeného pôvodu, sám si udelil šľachtický titul. Kancelár Gašpar Šlik bol ženatý a mal aj deti, ktoré sa však nedožili dospelosti. Všetky jeho majetky v Uhorsku zdedil jeho mladší brat Matúš. Ani on sa na panstve trvalo nezdržiaval. Správa Holíča tak naďalej ostávala na pleciach kastelánov. Nevieme, či Mates Šlik nemal šťastie na mužských potomkov, resp. či kráľ Matej neuznal nároky jeho príbuzných, pretože keď v roku 1487 zomiera, jeho uhorské majetky prepadli ako odúmrť do rúk kráľa Mateja Korvína. Koncom 15. storočia získala Holíč od Mateja uhorská šľachtická rodina Coborovcov. Kráľ v tomto prípade nerešpektoval dedičné práva ostatných Šlikovcov, ani ich nijako neodškodnil, čo vyvolalo ich veľkú nespokojnosť. Rod si naďalej uplatňoval nárok na Holíč. Preto, keď Imrich Czobor žiadal kráľa o zvýšenie hodnoty Holíčskeho hradu, uviedol ako jeden z dôvodov obranu panstva proti Šlikom. Ak by chceli Šlikovci získať svoje panstvo naspäť, museli by vysloviť vernosť uhorskému kráľovi, čo ale neurobili. Uhorské šlikovské zisky mali najväčšiu hodnotu, pretože išlo o darovanie, a preto ich pravosť nie je napadnuteľná. Napriek tomu, že sa nepodarilo ich rodové vlastníctvo do budúcnosti udržať, pretrvalo povedomie o význame držby holíčského panstva v titulatúre Šlikov z Holíča. Rod postupne zakorenil v dnešných západných Čechách, Chebsku, Loketsku. Rod bol známy hlavne v oblasti baníctva a mincovníctva. THE ŠLIK FAMILY Gašpar Šlik During his lifetime Emperor Sigismund attempted to ensure the hereditary right to the crown in the Czech lands for his son-in-law Albrecht. One person who contributed significantly to this happening was Gašpar Šlik, who lobbied for Albrecht with promises but also with financial resources. For these services the new monarch Albrecht II gifted him the Holíč estate in March As Albrecht stated in a letter of possession to Šlik, he gifted it for merit and also because it had been promised to him on the death bed of Sigismund. Gašpar Šlik was a burgher of German origin from Cheb, in the Czech lands. We date the first documented splitting of the Šlik family line to the period around 1472, when Václav s line from Cheb, Mates s Loket line, the Holíč- Kreuzenstein line of Sigismund and that of Mikuláš Šlik arose. Gašpar Šlik took over ownership of the estate, but given his involvement in imperial affairs, he entrusted administration of it to devoted castellans. In the person of Gašpar Šlik a new Comte lineage with the descriptive name of Pasoun and Holíč was founded in the first half of the 15th century. Gašpar Šlik died in Only after his death was it discovered that he was the first imperial chancellor who was at the same time a forger of medieval charters. Since he was not of high-born origin, he had awarded the noble title himself. Chancellor Gašpar Šlik was married and also had children who did not live to adulthood, however. His young brother Matúš inherited all of his property in Hungary. But he, too, did not stay at the estate for very long. Administration of Holíč remained further in the hands of the castellans. We don t know whether Matúš Šlik had the fortune of male descendents or not, or if King Matthias did not recognize the claims of his relatives, because when he died in 1487, his Hungarian property fell as escheat into the hands of King Matthias Corvinus. At the end of the 15th century the Hungarian noble Czobor family acquired Holíč from Matthias. The king in this case did not respect the inheritance rights of the other Šlik family members and did not even compensate them, which caused great discontent among them. The line further made a claim on Holíč. Therefore, when Imrich Czobor asked the king to increase the worth of Holíč Castle, he gave as one of the reasons the defence of the estate against the Šliks. If the Šliks wanted to get their estate back, they would have to declare fealty to the Hungarian kingdom, which they did not do, however. The Hungarian Šlik earnings had the greatest value, because it was a gifting, and therefore their authenticity was not assailable. Yet despite the fact that they were not successful in keeping family ownership into the future, awareness regarding the important holding of the Holíč estate endured in the title of the Šliks from Holíč. The line gradually took root in what is today the western part of the Czech lands, in Cheb and Loket. The family was known mainly in the area of mining. Listina : Gašpar Šlik, pán Bieleho kostola, žiada Bratislavský senát aby podporoval Jána a Martina Stossa v dedičskej záležitosti

5 ROD BAKIČOVCOV A COBOROVCOV Koncom pätnásteho storočia získala Holíč od kráľa Mateja uhorská šľachtická rodina Coborovcov (Czoborovcov).Najstaršia písomná správa o rode je z roku Z rodových majetkov v Báčke ich vytlačili Turci. Coborovci verne stáli na strane Habsburgovcov. Neskôr sa stali vlastníkmi rozsiahlych majetkov. Holíč získali od kráľa Mateja v roku V roku 1507 si bratia Imrich a Martin rozsiahle Holíčske panstvo pre časté spory rozdelili. Holíč so Strážami pripadol Imrichovi a po jeho smrti v roku 1516 sa jeho majiteľom stal Imrichov syn Gašpar Cobor. Gašpar sa o hospodárstvo veľmi nezaujímal a v Holíči sa zdržiaval málo. Po Gašparovej smrti sa o panstvo viedlo niekoľko súdnych sporov. Majetkové spory neprispievali k rozvoju panstva a boli aj jedným z dôvodom, prečo sa v roku 1543 vydala vdova po Gašparovi Coborovi, Uršula, za Petra Bakiča. Bakičovci boli pôvodom srbský rod. Jeho zakladateľ Pavel Bakič v roku 1526 prešiel ako turecký vazal s celou svojou rodinou na stranu Ferdinanda I., za čo získal titul baróna. Bakičovci boli pravoslávni. V roku 1550 Peter Bakič kúpil od Františka Révaia jeho podiel, a tak sa stal majiteľom celého panstva. V roku 1552 Peter Bakič zomrel. Opäť vypukli dedičské spory, v ktorých mali Bakičovci silnú oporu vo svojom srbskom služobníctve. To odmietlo uznať Uršulu za dedičku po Petrovi Bakičovi a chcelo odovzdať majetok jeho švagrovi Srbovi Kendeffymu. V roku 1579 daroval Rudolf II. za preukázané služby kráľovské právo na Holíč a Šaštín Pavlovi a Imrichovi Coborovi. Imrich sa už predtým, v roku 1556, zosobášil s Angelínou Bakičovou, čím sa pozície Coborovcov na Holíčskom panstve značne upevnili. V januári v roku 1581 Imrich Cobor zomrel. Spory medzi Coborovcami o majetok sa utíšili až začiatkom sedemnásteho storočia. Dňa 20. júla 1602 sa bratia Martin a Imrich Cobor v Gbeloch dohodli, že tú časť majetku, ktorú toho času po smrti ich otca mala v držbe vdova po Pavlovi Coborovi, si po jej smrti rozdelia na polovicu. V priebehu 17. storočia vlastnil Holíč Adam Cobor, ktorý založil žrebčín v Kopčanoch. Dňa 17. júla 1712 vdova po Adamovi Coborovi, Barbora rodená Erdödyová, uzatvorila so synom Marekom zmluvu o správe Holíčskeho panstva. Marek v rámci nej prevzal žrebčín v Kopčanoch a bol ho povinný prevádzkovať. Dňa 17. júla 1728 zomrel Marek Cobor a zanechal po sebe dve deti, z ktorých Jozef zdedil holíčske a šaštínske panstvo a polovicu hodonínskeho panstva. Jozef Cobor bol posledným coborovským majiteľom Holíča. Viac ako hospodáreniu sa venoval veselému životu vo Viedni, kde sa väčšinu času aj zdržiaval. Napriek veľkému majetku, ktorý zdedil, zomrel v chudobe, lebo na splácanie dlhov mu nestačil ani doživotne zaručený príjem za odstúpenie majetku. V dvadsiatych rokoch osemnásteho storočia sa zadĺžil u viedenského veriteľa Stegnera, ktorý začal vymáhať dlhy súdnou cestou. V roku 1726 mu boli na základe súdneho rozhodnutia odovzdané majetky Holíčskeho panstva v hodnote zlatých. V januári 1730 Stegner predal časť panstva a Jozefovi Coborovi zostal len Holíč. Ten ho spolu s dlhmi prenechal v roku 1736 Františkovi Štefanovi Lotrinskému. V roku 1749 sa Jozef Cobor Holíčskeho panstva definitívne zriekol. Coborovi načas zostalo Hodonínske panstvo. THE CZOBOR AND BAKIČ FAMILIES Imrich Czobor List s erbom Holíča a podpisom Jozefa Czobora At the end of the fifteenth century the noble Hungarian Czobor family, whose family property lay in southern Hungary in an area threatened by Turkish expansion, obtained Holíč from King Matthias. The oldest written record on the family dates from The Turks forced them out of their family lands in Báčka. The Czobors stood loyally on the side of the Habsburgs. Later they became owners of extensive properties on the Šaštín and Ostrý Kameň estates and elsewhere in Záhorie. They acquired Holíč from King Matthias in In 1507, brothers Imrich and Martin Czobor divided the vast Holíč estate due to frequent disputes. Holíč with Stráže went to Imrich and after his death in 1516 Imrich s son Gašpar Czobor became its owner. Gašpar showed no great interest in managing the estate and spent little time in Holíč. He ran up a great deal of debt with many creditors and guaranteed them with the property throughout the entire Holíč estate. After Gašpar s death the estate was the subject of several court disputes. The property disputes did not contribute to the development of the estate and were also one of the reasons why in 1543 the widow of Gašpar Czobor, Uršula, married Peter Bakič. The Bakič family was originally of Serbian lineage. Its founder, Pavel Bakič, passed as a Turkish vassal with the whole family to the side of Ferdinand I in 1526, for which he obtained the title of Baron. Peter Bakič was his grandson. Members of the Bakič family were Orthodox Christians. In 1550, Peter Bakič purchased Ferenc Révay s share and thus became owner of the entire estate. He died in 1552, however, and hereditary disputes again broke out, in which the Bakič family had strong opposition among their own Serbian servants. The reason was their refusal to acknowledge Uršula as heir to Peter Bakič and the desire to hand the property over to his brother-in-law, Serb Kendeffy. In 1579, Rudolf II gifted for services rendered the royal right to Holíč and Šaštín to Pavel and Imrich Czobor. Imrich had already before then, in 1556, married Angelína Bakičová, through which the position of the Czobor family at the Holíč estate was significantly established. Imrich Czobor died in January Disputes among the Czobors over the property only calmed down at the start of the 17th century. On 20 July 1602, the brothers Martin and Imrich Czobor agreed in Gbely that the part of the property, which after the death of their father was in the holding of the widow of Pavel Czobor, would be divided in half after her death. In this same year it was arranged that their father s share of Ostrý Kameň, Šaštín and Holíč Castles would be administered for five years by Imrich. During the 17th century Adam Czobor, who established the horse-breeding farm in Kopčany, owned Holíč. On 17 July 1712, his widow, Barbora, maiden name Erdödy, concluded with her son Marek an agreement on administration of the Holíč estate. Marek agreed to take over the horse-breeding farm in Kopčany and was obligated to operate it. On 17 July 1728, Marek Czobor died and left behind two children, one of whom, Jozef, inherited the Holíč and Šaštín estates and half of the Hodonín estate. Jozef Czobor was the last member of the Czobor family to own Holíč. He devoted himself more to the good life in Vienna, where he lived most of the time, than to managing the estate. Despite the great property he inherited, he died in poverty, because the lifetime income guaranteed to him for abandoning the property was not enough to pay his debts. In the 1720s, he became indebted to Viennese creditor Stegner, who began to reclaim debts via the courts. In 1726, on the basis of a court decision, properties of the Holíč estate worth 98,156 guldens were handed over to Stegner. In January 1730, Stegner then sold a portion of the estate. Only Holíč remained to Jozef Czobor. He ceded this, together with its debts, to Francis Stephen, Duke of Lorraine (Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor) in In 1749, Jozef Czobor definitively relinquished the Holíč estate. For a time only the Hodonín estate remained for Czobor.

6 HABSBURSKO LOTRINSKÁ DYNASTIA František Štefan získaval feudálne panstvá Holíč a Šaštín od polovice 30. rokov 18. storočia od zadĺžených grófov Coborovcov. František, Jozefovi Coborovi poukazoval 3000 zlatých ročne. Pohraničné panstvá Holíč a Šaštín sa stali základným kameňom novobudovaného majetkového komplexu cisárskych súkromných panstiev. Podľa údajov z celokrajinských daňových súpisov z rokov 1715 a 1720 patril Holíč medzi menej ľudnaté mestečká Nitrianskej stolice. Príchodom Františka Štefana Lotrinského sa táto situácia zmenila. Panstvá si pravdepodobne vybral okrem výhodnej ceny aj preto, že ležali v trojuholníku Viedeň Bratislava Brno s množstvom potenciálnych zákazníkov a z dôvodu dobrého napojenia na cestnú sieť a vodnú cestu Morava Dunaj. Poškodený renesančno-barokový hrad dal František prestavať na modernú cisársku rezidenciu. Obe panstvá nákladne prebudoval na plnohodnotnú barokovú cisársku rezidenciu s bohatým hospodárskym zázemím, obklopenú starostlivo udržiavanou parkovou a kultúrnou krajinou. Okrem nákladne prestavaného zámku prešlo zásadnou premenou aj centrum Holíča, ktoré bolo úplne prestavané a z pôvodnej zástavby zostal zachovaný v podstate len farský kostol s najbližším okolím. Začala stavba nových hospodárskych budov. Na vysokej úrovni sa rozvíjala potravinárska výroba a v Holíči vznikla aj manufaktúra na výrobu fajansy, neskôr aj kameniny. Časť produkcie sa predávala, na niektoré druhy tovarov existovali stáli odberatelia dokonca až z Viedne. Budúci cisár František Štefan sa narodil 8. decembra 1708 v meste Nancy ako druhorodený syn vojvodu Leopolda Jozefa Lotrinského a Charloty Orleánskej. V žilách mu kolovala nielen lotrinská krv, ale bol spriaznený s významnými rodmi vtedajšej Európy. Prakticky celú svoju mladosť strávil na dvore habsburských panovníkov vo Viedni. Na viedenský habsburský panovnícky dvor prišiel budúci cisár František Štefan ako vyhnanec z rodného Lotrinska, ktoré vojensky a politicky dostalo do područia Francúzsko, ktoré tam dosadilo vlastného panovníka. František Štefan sa vzdal v roku 1737 vlády v Lotrinsku ako kompenzáciu dostal Toskánsko. V roku 1766 bolo Lotrinsko pripojené k Francúzsku, kde sa nachádza až dodnes. V roku 1736 sa oženil s Máriou Teréziou, s ktorou založil novú Habsbursko-Lotrinskú dynastiu. V roku 1745 sa stal cisárom Svätej ríše rímskej nemeckého národa. František Štefan zomiera v roku Holíčske panstvo aj naďalej zostalo v rukách rodiny. Vládnuca Habsbursko-Lotrinská dynastia zostala feudálnym vlastníkom Holíčskeho panstva až do zrušenia poddanstva v Uhorsku počas buržoáznej revolúcie v rokoch Rodine patril zámok až do roku 1921, kedy prepadá v prospech 1. Československej republiky. THE HABSBURG-LORRAINE DYNASTY Mária Terézia Francis Stephen acquired the feudal Holíč and Šaštín estates in the mid-1730s from the indebted Czobor family. Francis remitted 3,000 guldens annually to Jozef Czobor. The borderland Holíč and Šaštín estates became the foundation stone of the newly built property complex of the imperial private estates. According to data from nationwide tax bills from the years 1715 and 1720 Holíč ranked among the least populated towns of the Nitra seat. With the arrival of Francis Stephen, Duke of Lorraine, this situation changed. He probably selected these estates because, aside from the advantageous price, they lay within the Vienna Bratislava Brno triangle, which had many potential customers. They also had good connections to the road network and the Morava River Danube River waterways. Francis had the damaged Renaissance-Baroque Castle rebuilt into a modern imperial residence. He rebuilt both estates at great expense into fully valued Baroque imperial residences with a rich farmsteading background, surrounding by carefully maintained park and cultural land. In addition to the expensively rebuilt chateau, the centre of Holíč underwent principle changes and was completely rebuilt; from the original built-up area only the parish church and its nearby surrounding remained preserved for the most part. The building of new economic buildings began. Food production also developed on a high level. A factory for the production of faience and later also stoneware was founded in Holíč. A part of the production was sold, and for some types of goods there were permanent purchasers, even in Vienna. The future emperor Francis Stephen was born on 8 December 1708 in the city of Nancy, in today s France. He was the second son of Duke Leopold Joseph, Duke of Lorraine, and Elisabeth Charlotte d Orleáns. Not only did the blood of the Lorraine line circulate in his veins, but he was also related to several well-known families of Europe. He spent nearly his entire youth at the court of the Habsburg monarchs in Vienna. The future emperor Francis Stephen arrived to the Viennese Habsburg court as an exile from his native Lorraine, which militarily and politically came under servitude of France, which installed its own monarch there. Francis Stephen gave up governing in Lorraine in 1737, receiving Tuscany as compensation. In 1766, Lorraine was connected to France, where it is still located today. In 1736, he married Maria Theresa, with whom he established the new Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. In 1745, he became emperor of the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation. Francis Stephen died in 1765, though the Holíč estate remained further in the hands of his family. The governing Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty remained the feudal owner of the Holíč estate up to the abolishing of feudalism in Hungary during the bourgeoise revolution in the years The chateau belonged to the family until 1921, when it fell to the ownership of the First Czechoslovak Republic. František Štefan I. Lotrinský

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