počet obyvateľov rozmiestnenie štruktúra rasová a etnická náboženská jazyková dynamika prirodzená reprodukcia migrácia Demografia
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1 počet obyvateľov rozmiestnenie štruktúra rasová a etnická náboženská jazyková dynamika prirodzená reprodukcia migrácia Demografia
2 počet obyvateľov (2016) Amerika pokrýva asi 28,5 % povrchu zemskej súše Populácia tvorí asi 13 % svetovej populácie spolu: obyv. Severná: obyv. Južná: obyv.... Severná: obyv. Stredná pevnina: obyv. Karibik: obyv. Južná: obyv.... Severná (Anglosaská): obyv. Latisnká (Iberská): obyv.
3 historický exkurz počet pôvodných obyvateľov pri príchode Európanov: mil. po príchode Európanov dochádza k tzv. demografickému kolapsu v oblasti Antíl dochádza k úplnému vyvraždeniu pôvodného obyvateľstva a jeho nahradeniu dovezenými z Afriky v oblasti pevninskej Strednej Ameriky prežili asi 2 % v horských oblastiach prežilo asi 30 % okrem priameho vyvražďovania bolo príčinou úbytku autochtónneho obyvateľstva zavlečenie európskych chorôb (osýpky, kiahne, mor), alkohol a prudká zmena sociálneho a kultúrneho prostredia
4 v nasledujúcom období nárast populácie nastáva najmä vďaka veľkým migračným vlnám do Severnej Ameriky (USA), ale napr. aj do oblasti La Platy prírastky obyvateľstva v Latinskej Amerike dnes zabezpečuje najmä prirodzený prírastok v Anglosaskej Amerike ide stále o migračné prírastky, a to najmä z Latinskej Ameriky a Ázie Anamorfózna ekvidemická mapa sveta
5 Krajiny podľa počtu obyvateľov (2016) 3. USA Brazília Mexiko Kolumbia Argentína Kanada Venezuela Peru Antigua a Barbuda Dominika Svätý Krištof a Nevis (CIA Worldfactbook, 2016)
6 Hustota zaľudnenia (na úrovni krajín) priemerná hustota zaľudnenia: 22 obyv./km 2 najvyššie hodnoty majú stredoamerické krajiny na pevnine i v ostrovnej časti po Antarktíde a Austrálii najredšie zaľudnený svetadiel
7 najvyššia hustota obyv/km 2 najnižšia hustota 8. Barbados Salvador Sv. Vincent a Gren Haiti Svätá Lucia Jamajka Trinidad a Tobago Dominikánska rep Antigua a Barbuda Sv. Krišof a Nevis Guatemala Kuba Grónsko 0,03 - Falklandy 0, Surinam 3,0 - Francúzska Guayana 3, Guayana 3, Kanada 3, Bolívia 9, Belize 12, Argentína 15, Paraguaj 16, Uruguaj 19,0 Brazília: 24; USA: 32; Bermudy (UK): 1230; Mexiko: 53; Slovensko: 111; Európa: 75; Ázia: 95;
8 Hustota zaľudnenia v porovnaní so svetom veľmi nízka najhustejšie zaľudnené sú: východné pobrežie Severnej Ameriky Stredná Amerika vrátane ostrovov Karibiku oblasť severných Ánd a južných Kordiller východné pobrežie Južnej Ameriky
9 Rasy a národy 3 základné zložky (Amerindiáni, Belosi, Černosi): pôvodné obyvateľstvo Inkovia, Aztékovia, Mayovia, Toltékovia, Olmekovia... Inuiti (Eskimáci) Amerindiáni* sformovali vyše 1000 jazykov (12 j. rodín) prisťahovalci (cca ostatných 500 rokov): členovia takmer všetkých európskych národov (belosi) Pravoslávna kaplnka vo Fort Ross (CA)
10 Rasy a národy 3 základné zložky (Amerindiáni, Belosi, Černosi): pôvodné obyvateľstvo Inkovia, Aztékovia, Mayovia, Toltékovia, Olmekovia... Inuiti (Eskimáci) Amerindiáni* sformovali vyše 1000 jazykov (12 j. rodín) prisťahovalci (cca ostatných 500 rokov): členovia takmer všetkých európskych národov (belosi) otroci násilne privlečení z Afriky (černosi) (+ Indovia) neskôr imigračné vlny Aziatov (mongoloidná rasa) belosi a černosi vidiek aj mestá, ázijskí imigranti prevažne mestá Amerindiáni vidiek aj mestá (prevažne vidiek) formuje sa veľmi pestrá mozaika národov, hoci mnohé z nich používajú rovnaký jazyk miešanie rás je obzvlášť intenzívne v Latinskej Amerike, kde miešanci tvoria väčšinu obyvateľstva => => =>
11 rasy a miešanci miešanci sú veľmi rôznorodí, ale rozlišujeme 3 základné skupiny: mulat: europoidná + negroidná rasa mestic: europoidná + mongoloidná rasa zambovia: negroidná + mongoloidná rasa (zriedkavá, výskyt len na severe JA) kreoli: označenie pre belocha juhoeurópskeho pôvodu, ktorý sa už narodil v Latinskej Amerike <= H. Chavéz je polovičný mestic a polovičný zambo Barack Obama je mulat, otca má z Kene, matka má írsko anglicko nemecký pôvod =>
12 oblasti podľa prevažujúceho rasového zloženia populácie a) belošská: Kanada, sever USA, Argentína, Uruguaj b) belošsko-mulatská: Kuba, Portoriko c) mulatská: Dominikánska republika (v oblasti Karibiku aj s čersnošským obyvateľstvom) d) černošská: Haiti, Francúzska Guayana e) černošsko-mulatská: Malé Antily, Jamajka, Belize f) belošsko-černošská: juhovýchod USA g) belošsko-mestická: Brazília, Kostarika h) mesticko-belošská: Chile, Kolumbia, Venezuela i) mesticko-amerindiánska: Nikaragua, Salvador, Honduras, Panama, Mexiko j) amerindiánsko-mestická: Guatemala, Ekvádor, Peru, Bolívia, Paraguaj k) eskimácka: Grónsko l) výrazný podiel Indov: Guayana, Surinam, Trinidad a Tobago
13 Jazyková štruktúra do istej miery zodpovedá rasovej štruktúre obyvateľstva na rozsiahlych ťažko dostupných oblastiach Strednej Ameriky, Andskej oblasti, v Paraguaji či amazonskej oblasti Brazílie sa používajú pôvodné jazyky v Anglosaskej Amerike sa pôvodné jazyky zachovali len veľmi obmedzene, najviac eskimo-aleutské jazyky černošské jazyky v Amerike zanikli - černosi boli nútení používať jazyky otrokárov jazyky európskych dobyvateľov získali status úradného jazyka a prijala ich aj väčšina autochtónneho obyvateľstva, pod vplyvom amerindiánskych jazykov sa však európske jazyky zmenili po stránke fonetickej, gramatickej i lexikálnej príklad Jamajská patois
14 ÚRADNÉ JAZYKY: Angličtina: Kanada, USA*, Belize, Guayana, Falklandy, britské kolónie v Karibskom mori; Francúzština: Kanada, Haiti, francúzske zámorské departmenty; Holandčina: Surinam, Holandské Antily, Aruba; Portugalčina: Brazília; Španielčina: zvyšok JA Dánčina: Grónsko Mapa používaných jazykov z pôvodných jazykov v Grónsku Grónčina; v Peru a Bolívii Kečuánčina; v Bolívii aj Ajmarčina; v Paraguaji Guaraní; zmiešané: kreolská angličtina, kreolská francúzština, papiamento, inuktitut - v USA rastie je výrazný podiel španielsky hovoriacich, ktorí nehovoria po anglicky vzniká nový hovorový jazyk, tzv. spanglish
15 čo zobrazujú dané mapy?
16 Náboženská štruktúra súčasný stav odráža náboženské štruktúry kolonizátorov (kresťanstvo) animistické kulty Amerindiánov sa udržali len sporadicky na severe kontinentu a v Amazonskom pralese miestami sa udržali africké kulty, - vúdú na Haiti vlastné náboženstvo si zachovávajú prisťahovalci z Ázie v oblastiach s prevahou prisťahovalcov z JV a V Ázie sa praktizuje budhizmus Indovia si priniesli hinduizmus Blízkovýchodní imigranti islam vďaka exodu Židov je dnes v USA najväčšia diaspóra židov na svete
17 celkovo vysoká miera religiozity kresťania: (SA: 85 %, JA: 93 %) RK: dominujú v JA, v Brazílii žije najviac katolíkov na svete; asi 85 % Mexičanov; v Kanade 40 % a 24 % v USA protestanti: asi 50 % obyvateľstva USA a v Kanade vyše 25 % pravoslávni: v Kanade 3 % a v USA 0,5 % ostatní: v USA je vyše 1000 kresťanských vyznaní a siekt bez vyznania: najmä v SA, Kanada 16 %, USA 12%, Latinská A. 4 %; judaizmus: 2 % v SA, 0,23 % v JA, najviac v USA: 2,5 % islam: 0,5 % SA, 0,3 % JA, najviac Kanada: 1,6 %
18 Pohyb obyvateľstva
19 Celkový prírastok (2015) pravdepodobný vývoj v budúcnosti
20 prírastok Celkový prírastok v Podľa OSN, úbytok 31. Guatemala 24, Saint Pierre a Miquelon 0,7 35. Francúzska Guayana 24, Grenada 0,2 47. Belize 20, Aruba 0,1 57. Honduras 19, Kuba - 0,1 77. Venezuela 16, Americké Panenské o. - 0,3 79. Panama 16, Guayana - 2,2 81. Haiti 15, Dominika - 2, Brazília: 12,6; 116. Peru: 11,5; 120. Mexiko: 11,2; 129. Argentína: 10,0; 131. USA: 9,7; 134. Kanada: 9,0; -svet: 11,6; 201. Slovensko: 0,3;
21 Prirodzený prírastok v (2015) (pozri interaktívnu mapu)
22 Migračný prírastok v (2010*) * lepšie vystihuje dlhodobé trendy
23 krajiny podľa podielu imigrantov na celkovej populácii United Nations report World Population Policies 2005
24 najvýznamnejšie metropoly A. T. Kearney Global Cities Index, 2010; The Urban Elite 2010 Alfa ++ obyvateľstvo jadro/metropolitná oblasť New York ( / ) Alfa + Chicago ( / ) Alfa Buenos Aires ( / ) Los Angeles ( / ) Mexico City ( /22 28 mil) San Francisco ( / ) São Paulo ( / ) Toronto ( / ) Washington D. C. ( / ) Alfa Atlanta, Boston, Dallas, Miami, Philadelphia, Santiago
25 Svetové metropoly na mape
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