Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) 101

Transcription

1 Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) 101 Presented to: National Tribal Transportation Conference Presented by: Robert Winn, Aviation Safety Inspector, Unmanned Aircraft Systems Office Date: October 4, 2016

2 Overview Unmanned Aircraft Systems FAA Authority Hobby/Recreational Operations UAS Registration Small UAS Rule (Part 107) Becoming a Pilot Operating Rules National Tribal Transportation Conference October 4,

3 What is a UAS? A UAS is a system: 1. Unmanned Aircraft 2. Ground Control Station 3. Command & Control Link(s) Also known as: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) RC Model Aircraft Drone Communication National Tribal Transportation Conference October 4,

4 Why Use a UAS? UAS operations are particularly effective for missions that are dangerous or dull Humans are not put at risk Continuous operations are possible Operations with UAS often cost less than using manned aircraft National Tribal Transportation Conference October 4,

5 What is the FAA s Authority? The FAA has the authority to manage airspace and civil aircraft operations 49 U.S.C (a)(1) An aircraft is any device used, or intended to be used, for flight 49 U.S.C (a)(6) UAS are aircraft and must comply with FAA regulations National Tribal Transportation Conference October 4,

6 Types of UAS Operations Recreational Operations Non-recreational/Commercial Operations Pilot Requirements Aircraft Requirements Location Requirements Operating Rules No pilot requirements Must have Remote Pilot Airman Certification Must be 16 years or older Must pass TSA vetting Must be registered if over 0.55 pounds Must notify all airports and air traffic control (if applicable) within five miles of proposed area of operations Must ALWAYS yield right of way to manned aircraft Must keep aircraft in visual line-ofsight Must follow community-based safety guidelines Must be less than 55 pounds Must be registered if over 0.55 pounds Must undergo pre-flight checklist Class G airspace without ATC permission Class B, C, D, and E require ATC permission Must keep aircraft in visual line-of-sight* Must fly under 400 feet* Must fly only during daylight hours* Must fly at or below 100 mph* Must yield right of way to manned aircraft* Must NOT fly over people* Must NOT fly from a moving vehicle* Definitions Education or recreational flying only Flying for commercial use Flying incidental to a business Flying public aircraft operations *These requirements are subject to waiver. National Tribal Transportation Conference October 4,

7 Hobby/Recreational Aircraft Generally, hobby/recreational operators do not need FAA authorization to fly, but they must fly safely at all times: Avoid manned aircraft Maintain visual line-of-sight Fly only for hobby/recreation National Tribal Transportation Conference October 4,

8 The Small UAS Rule (Part 107) First rules for routine operation of small UAS (<55 pounds) Took effect August 29, 2016 Recreational operators may fly under Part 107 or Public Law Section 336/Part 101 National Tribal Transportation Conference October 4,

9 Part 107 Basics UAS operators must obtain a Remote Pilot Certificate Visual line-of-sight, daylight operations 400 feet or below in uncontrolled (Class G) airspace; other airspace use requires authorization UAS must weigh less than 55 lbs. and be registered National Tribal Transportation Conference October 4,

10 Becoming a Pilot under Part 107 Must be 16 years old or older Must read, write, speak English Must pass an aeronautical knowledge exam at an FAA-approved Knowledge Testing Center Part 61 certificate holders can take online training at faasafety.gov instead of the knowledge exam Must undergo TSA background security screening National Tribal Transportation Conference October 4,

11 Operating Rules Visual line-of-sight only Daylight or civil twilight only No operations over people Must yield right-of-way to manned aircraft One UAS per operator Max groundspeed of 100 mph External load operation only permitted if the load does not affect flight operations or control National Tribal Transportation Conference October 4,

12 Part 107 Airspace Requirements Operations in Class G without ATC authorization Operations in Class B, C, D & Class E surface areas require ATC authorization Phased approach to airspace authorizations Online portal available at National Tribal Transportation Conference October 4,

13 Reporting Unsafe UAS Activity While flying or at the airport: Report the sighting to Air Traffic Control Note the location, altitude, and characteristics of the aircraft Anywhere else: Call local law enforcement The FAA has published guidance for law enforcement to help them respond to unsafe UAS activity Be as detailed & specific as possible Location, altitude, direction, pictures, videos, etc. National Tribal Transportation Conference October 4,

14 UAS Outreach and Education National Tribal Transportation Conference October 4,

15 Part 107 Inquiries UAS Help Line: 844-FLY-MY-UAS UAS National Tribal Transportation Conference October 4,

16 Questions? National Tribal Transportation Conference October 4,

17 Waivable Provisions of Part 107 Operation from a moving vehicle or aircraft ( ) Daylight operation ( ) Visual line of sight aircraft operation ( ) Visual observer ( ) Operation of multiple small UAS ( ) Yielding the right of way ( (a)) Operation over people ( ) Operation in certain airspace ( ) Operating limitations for small UAS ( ) Online portal available at National Tribal Transportation Conference October 4,

18 Aeronautical Knowledge Exam Topics Applicable regulations relating to small unmanned aircraft system rating privileges, limitations, and flight operation Airspace classification and operating requirements, and flight restrictions affecting small unmanned aircraft operation Aviation weather sources and effects of weather on small unmanned aircraft performance Small unmanned aircraft loading and performance Emergency procedures Crew resource management Radio communication procedures Determining the performance of small unmanned aircraft Physiological effects of drugs and alcohol Aeronautical decision-making and judgment Airport operations Maintenance and preflight inspection procedures National Tribal Transportation Conference October 4,

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32 Challenges Facing the FAA in Integrating UAS in the National Airspace System (NAS) Ferne Friedman-Berg, Ph.D. UAS Team Lead UAS Coordination Team Engineering Research Psychologist William J. Hughes Technical Center Aviation Research Division Human Factors Branch, ANG-E25 Monmouth-Ocean Development Council Drones for Business Seminar October 4, 2017

33 A Disruptive Technology We ve only just begun to think of the many uses: Environmental & conservation Wildlife population, habitat monitoring Anti-poaching efforts Package Delivery Surveying Aerial assessment of disasters Floods, fires, earthquakes Aerial application in agriculture Communication relay Monitoring Pipeline, railroad, bridges, wind turbines Video News, real estate Military Law enforcement And so on Monmouth-Ocean Development Council Drones for Business Seminar - October 4,

34 Fly For Fun Fly For Work Pilot Requirements No pilot requirements Must have Remote Pilot Airman Certificate Must be 16 years old Must pass TSA vetting Aircraft Requirements Unless exclusively operated in compliance with Section 336 of Public Law (Special Rule for Model Aircraft), the aircraft must be registered if over 0.55 lbs. Must be less than 55 lbs. Must be registered if over 0.55 lbs. (online) Must undergo pre-flight check to ensure UAS is in condition for safe operation Location Requirements 5 miles from airports without prior notification to airport and air traffic control Class G airspace* Operating Rules Must ALWAYS yield right of way to manned aircraft Must keep the aircraft in sight (visual line-of-sight) UAS must be under 55 lbs. Must follow community-based safety guidelines Must notify airport and air traffic control tower before flying within 5 miles of an airport Must keep the aircraft in sight (visual line-of-sight)* Must fly under 400 feet* Must fly during the day* Must fly at or below 100 mph* Must yield right of way to manned aircraft* Must NOT fly over people* Must NOT fly from a moving vehicle* Example Applications Educational or recreational flying only Flying for commercial use (e.g. providing aerial surveying or photography services) Flying incidental to a business (e.g. doing roof inspections or real estate photography) Legal or Regulatory Basis Public Law , Section 336 Special Rule for Model Aircraft FAA Interpretation of the Special Rule for Model Aircraft Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulation (14 CFR) Part 107 Monmouth-Ocean Development Council Drones for Business Seminar - October 4,

35 Multifaceted UAS Challenges for Integration UAS size classes Definition of well clear for small and large UAS See and Avoid Compliance Command and Control (C2) links Navigation In the NAS Below 400 ft Lost Link, Lost Comm, Lost Detect and Avoid Small UAS (suas) use case definitions Certification of pilots, airworthiness Lack of real world data Creating standards for safety Air Traffic Control (ATC) training and familiarization Public socialization to UAS System-specific issues UAS Platforms built for military uses Not designed to meet stringent airworthiness standards Not designed with navigation support necessary for operating in the NAS ATC system issues related to the unique performance characteristics of UAS Speed of technological change The dynamic or trade space related to innovation vs. safety Monmouth-Ocean Development Council Drones for Business Seminar - October 4,

36 Getting it Together: Defining and Addressing Unmet Research Needs UAS ExCom DAC UAS ARCs UAS RTTs UAS TCRG UAS PMO RTCA SC- 203, 228, 147 UAS Integration UAS Integration Office OSD UAS SAA SARP Government & FFRDC Research Programs Pathfinder Programs NPRM Test Sites ASSURE COE Monmouth-Ocean Development Council Drones for Business Seminar - October 4,

37 Helping to Address the Unmet Need: UAS R&D Objectives at the WJHTC Support UAS integration into current and future National Airspace System (NAS) Establish engineering, modeling and simulation (M&S) capabilities Capture system performance baselines Provide critical information to refine near-term operating concepts Explore NextGen technologies & concepts with UAS Support: Standards development, safety case, RTCA Special Committee-228 requirements validation UAS Advisory and Rulemaking Commitees (ARCs) UAS Technical Community. Representatives Group (TCRG) Monmouth-Ocean Development Council Drones for Business Seminar - October 4,

38 WJHTC UAS Coordination Team Research Portfolio Foundation Lead: Mike Konyak Found. Lead: Ferne Friedman-Berg Foundation Lead: Joe Galushka Pillar Lead: Stuart Searight Identify standards for UAS operations to safely integrate UAS into the NAS. Pillar Lead: Matt McCann Identify, verify, and validate requirements for the NAS to enable safe integration of UAS Pillar Lead: Mike DiPilato Reduce the risk of nearairport UAS aircraft encounters. Pillar Lead: Lyndsay Digneo Identify necessary weather capabilities for safe UAS operations Pillar Lead: Jim Patterson Assess how UAS tech can be integrated into airports for safety and security applications Pillar Lead: John Bradley Enable the transition of UAS research concepts into real operations Pillar Lead: Ed Marciano Inform the UAS users and NAS stakeholders of cyber hazards associated with UAS expansion Foundation Lead: Phil Maloney Foundation Lead: Kristina Carr Monmouth-Ocean Development Council Drones for Business Seminar - October 4,

39 WJHTC Laboratory Assets: NIEC, RDHFL, AFTIL Configured for Grand Forks RAPCON, ZMP ARTCC, & UAS GCS s Monmouth-Ocean Development Council Drones for Business Seminar - October 4,

40 FAA UAS Web Resources Main Website UAS Registry (Section 336, FMRA)) B4Ufly Part 107 Prep ming_a_pilot/ Airspace restrictions Monmouth-Ocean Development Council Drones for Business Seminar - October 4,

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42 Questions & Contact Information Ferne Friedman-Berg, Ph.D. Engineering Research Psychologist (609) Human Factors Branch, ANG-E25 William J. Hughes Technical Center, Building 28 Atlantic City International Airport, NJ

43 BACK-UP SLIDES Monmouth-Ocean Development Council Drones for Business Seminar - October 4,

44 Waivers to Part 107 The small UAS rule (14 CFR part 107) includes the option to apply for a certificate of waiver, which allows for a small UAS operation to deviate from certain operating rules if the FAA finds that the proposed operation can be performed safely. Waivable sections of part 107 Operation from a moving vehicle or aircraft ( )* Daylight operation ( ) Visual line of sight aircraft operation ( )* Visual observer ( ) Operation of multiple small unmanned aircraft systems ( ) Yielding the right of way ( (a)) Operation over people ( ) Operation in certain airspace ( ) Operating limitations for small unmanned aircraft ( ) *No waiver of this provision will be issued to allow the carriage of property of another by aircraft for compensation or hire. Applicants should submit their waiver requests to the FAA as early as possible. Processing time depends on the complexity of the request; however the agency strives to respond within 90 days. Certificates of waiver may include specific special provisions designed to ensure that the small UAS operation provides an equivalent level of safety as part 107. Monmouth-Ocean Development Council Drones for Business Seminar - October 4,

45 Timeline of Major Simulation and UAS Activities DEMO 4 Sim 1 & 2 on UAS Lost Link Procedures Description of Activity FY09-11 FY12-14 FY15-17 Outcome & Impact INI Sims - Initial NAS Integration Studies SC 228 (203) Victorville Class D Airspace Operational Evaluation SC 228 (203) Model Verification HITLs & Flight Management System (FMS) Integration (Shadow, Predator, Scan Eagle) Information Requirements Sense and Avoid (SAA) HITLs UAS Maintenance and Repair (M&R) Tracking HITL Control Latency HITLs Evaluating the Impact of Control Latencies on Pilot Performance Contingency Operations Cognitive Walkthroughs & HITLs DoD Joint Test for Contingency Operations UAS ARC Early Implementation Plan (EIP) Working Group (WG) for Integrating UAS in Class A Airspace SAA NAS Feasibility Fast Time HITLs UAS NextGen Lab Opened & Expanded Control & Nonpayload Communications (CNPC) Bench Test & Flight Test Command & Control (C2) Link Compatibility Testing DAA Multi-sensor Data Fusion Tracker Developed Counter UAS Field Demos ACY, DEN, JFK, DFW, MSY UAS in the NAS Studies Mid-Term UAS Scenario HITLs Lithium Battery Testing UAS Weather Needs UAS Flight Data Research in Support of ASIAS SC 228 (203) & UAS Lost Link Squawk Code UAS Performance Model Validation and Calibration for Simulations SC228 DAA MOPs M&R Tracking System Development SC228 C2 MOPs SC228 DAA MOPs / NAS Systems (ERAM/TAMR) Requirements & UAS Lost Link Squawk Code Joint Test Procedures for Contingency Ops Delivered to FAA UAS ARC EIP WG Package SC228 DAA MOPs Development of High Fidelity Simulation Capability for UAS SC228 C2 MOPs SC228 C2 MOPs Multi-sensor Tracker delivered to RTCA 2206 Report to Congress NAS Systems (ERAM/TAMR) Requirements Exploration UAS Scenario Validation UAS Safety & Policy UAS Safety & Policy UAS Safety & Policy Monmouth-Ocean Development Council Drones for Business Seminar - October 4,

46 Major Simulation and UAS Flight Activities Snapshot: FY09 FY11 IMPACTS Activities NAS Requirements Laboratory Services July 2009 RQ-7B Shadow Achieved Performance Model Verification Flight Test FY09 FY10 FY11 June 2010 Initial NAS Integration December 2010 Simulation-1 ( INI Sim-1 ) August 2010 UAS Demo 3 Flight Test August 2011 May 2010 Initial NAS Integration Operational Assessment: UAS and Initial NAS Integration Simulation-1 ( INI Sim-1 ) Manned Aircraft in Class D Simulation-1 ( INI Sim-1 ) Airspace ( Victorville ) - HITL Simulation April 2010 MQ-9 Predator B Achieved Performance Model Verification Flight Test June 2010 March 2011 UAS NextGen Laboratory Opening ScanEagle Achieved Performance December 2010 Model Verification ( Demo 1-SE ) UAS NAS Integration: RQ-7B Live Flight Shadow with FMS ( Mini INI-1 ) UAS Performance Model Validation and Calibration for Simulations SC 203 December 2009 RQ-7B Shadow UAS Operational Assessment: Marine Corps Air Station, Cherry Point, NC HITL Simulation May 2010 RQ-7B Shadow Achieved Performance MQ-9 Predator B Achieved Performance Model Verification Flight Test Model Verification HITL Simulation RQ-7B Shadow coupled with a Flight Management System Flight Test Monmouth-Ocean Development Council Drones for Business Seminar - October 4, 2017 July 2011 ScanEagle Achieved Performance Model Verification ( Demo 1-SE ) Live Flight and HITL Simulation 46 46

47 Major Simulation and UAS Flight Activities Snapshot: FY12 FY14 Activities IMPACTS NAS Requirements November 2011 April 2012 UAS Demo 4 HITL UAS Demo 4 HITL Simulation 1 Simulation 2 FY12 FY13 FY14 August November 2012 UAS IRSA Information Requirements (SAA) Low-Fidelity HITL Simulation January September 2014 January March 2014 UAS Operational Assessment: UAS Acceptable Control Contingency Operations Latencies - HITL Simulation HITL Simulation SARP SC228 C2 MOPS SC228 DAA MOPS Laboratory Services December January 2013 August September 2013 UAS IRSA Information UAS Maintenance and Repair Tracking System HITL Simulation Requirements (SAA) High-Fidelity - HITL Simulation February March 2014 Series of NAS feasibility studies (SAA) Fast-time Simulations M&R Tracking System Development March October 2012 UAS NextGen Laboratory expansion November 2012 New UAS NextGen Laboratory opened Development of High Fidelity Simulation Capability for UAS Monmouth-Ocean Development Council Drones for Business Seminar - October 4,

48 Major Simulation and UAS Flight Activities Snapshot: FY15 Current NAS Requirements Standards and Technical Evaluations cuas Activities FY15 FY16 FY17 October 2015 UAS CNPC Comms Test Flight Test October 2016 February 2017 January 2017 Human Factors ATC Receipt and Display of Mid-Term UAS Scenario HITLs Investigation of UAS in the Contingency Information - En Infrastructure Surveillance NAS Knowledge Sessions Route Cognitive Walkthrough December 2016 May 2016 March 2017 ATC Receipt December and Display 2016 of Human Factors Mid-Term UAS Scenario HITLs Contingency ATC Receipt Information and Display Terminal of March 2017 Investigation Emergency Activity Contingency Cognitive Information WalkthroughTerminal Mid-Term UAS Scenario HITLs of UAS in the NAS User Cognitive Walkthrough Emergency Activity Needs Analysis December 2015 UAS CNPC Comms Test Bench Test October 2016 DAA Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Strategies Sample Tracker to RTCA February 2017 UAS C2 Link Compatibility Testing Airborne TACAN Validation and TACAN Interference Test Report IMPACTS NAS Systems (ERAM/TAMR) Requirements Exploration UAS ARC EIP WG Package UAS Scenario Validation SC228 C2 MOPS SC228 DAA MOPS February 2016 ACY Field Test Demo May 2016 JFK Field Test Demo November 2016 DEN Field Test Demo April 2017 DFW Field Test Demo 2206 Report for Congress Monmouth-Ocean Development Council Drones for Business Seminar - October 4,