April 21, Feb. 15, May 10, 2007 ( ) -P % 5 9 Rao Qamar Suleman MIG-21 F E-3

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1 April 21, Feb. 15, 2007 ( ) -P Sindh Masroor MIG-21 F % May 10, Rao Qamar Suleman 1995 E B- 1B C- 5B 2003 F-16C Qamar

2 2006 March 25, (MIAL) Muller ATR Muller Mithi 2006 Chhatrapati Shivaji CSIA May 20, 2007 Deccan A320 57,000 ATR 11,420 Praful Patel Gisborne Invercaill 10 5 Manchester 221 Bob Sommer Gandhi Connie Muller Airports Company South Africa Indira Chhatrapati Shivaji Gisborne spur-winged plover Gisborne Murray Bell 95% Shivaji 1200 Chhatrapati Invercaill Eric Forsyth spur-winged plover

3 Auckland Birdman David Harris spur-winged plover Auckland Harris Bob Parkinson Auckland Auckland Tonga Samoa TNT Apr. 24, Ataturk TNT Liege Ataturk TNT TNT TNT Lagos April 30, 2007 TNT Ataturk 2006 Aerocontractor -300 Owerri Lagos NICCON 5N-BGN 100 Lagos Abuja

4 Aerocontractor Chanchangi Virgin Nigeria ICAO April 18, 2007 Lagos Authority of Nigeria, FAAN) 46.8 Federal Airports Aerocontractors, Bellview, Chanchangi Virgin Nigeria, (May 24, 2007) 780 Olukunle 14,000 Akin Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority, NCAA 3 Aerocontractors 1061 Virgin Nigeria Harold Demuren Demuren Lagos Abuja Kana Port Harcourt Calabar, Enugu, Owerri, Ilorin, Kaduna, Maiduguri, Jos Yola FAA

5 International bird hazard prevention BSC, FSF-T USA Death by Bird (April 21, 2007 ) A recent incident involving "Air Force" Two, carrying the U.S. vice president, and with a bird in the engine, is a stark reminder that even peacetime flying has its risks. In this case, one of the engines ingested a bird, as the aircraft was landing in Chicago. The plane was able to land safely, but Air Force Two is just the highest-profile airplane that has met up with one of most common, and unrecognized, hazards encountered during peacetime military operations. How bad a problem are bird strikes? It varies, depending on what the aircraft is doing. In some cases, aircraft are flying at high speed - and the resulting impact alone can cause a lot of damage. The extent of the problem is huge. In 2006, over 5,000 bird strikes were reported by the United States Air Force, while civilian aircraft usually report percent more. That's a lot of incidents. In most cases, these collisions do not cause crashes, because pilots are able to recover due to multiple engines, sufficient altitude, and location of the impact. For instance, a multi-engine transport like Air Force Two is more likely to survive a bird strike than a single-engine fighter like the MiG-21 or F-16 (both of which have been brought down by bird strikes in recent years). Slower moving aircraft, lower the force of the impact. Additional engines can take up the slack. Moreover, transports rarely make hard maneuvers that can leave a pilot with no room to recover from the unexpected. Even then, a rundown of incidents over the years shows there is little guarantee that there will be no harm. This list of incidents includes the loss of an E-3 AWACS and all 24 crew on board in 1995, when it hit a flock of birds on takeoff from a base in Alaska. Another strike in 1987 destroyed one of the early B-1B bombers - killing three of the six crew on board. In October, 2004, a C-5B suffered damage to two engines when it encountered a flock of birds. In 2003, the United States Air Force lost two F-16Cs to bird strikes. The Navy and Marines are not immune, either. Since 1980, they have lost 25 aircraft, with two pilots killed, from an average of 740 bird strikes a year. Dealing with the birds can be a tough issue, due to the fact that in some cases, laws like the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, limit how many can be killed. Often, nonlethal systems are used to keep the birds away from airfields, and the runways in particular. Bird strikes are particularly dangerous during takeoffs. In many cases, a zero-tolerance approach is taken towards the presence of large waterfowl near airfields and airports. This might be hard on the geese, but due to the fact that bird strikes tend to involve more than just feathers flying, it is necessary. Pakistan Bird brings down fighter aircraft in Pakistan (Feb. 15, 2007) Islamabad - A Chinese-built F7-P fighter plane belonging to the Pakistan Air Force crashed near the southern port city of Karachi Thursday after colliding with a bird, officials said. The pilot ejected safely in the incident, which 97 Flight Safety Quarterly Summer 2007

6 happened near the Masroor airbase in Pakistan's Sindh province. No damage was reported on the ground. PAF lost 11 aircraft to 'bird strikes' in 2006 (May 10, 2007) Karachi - The Pakistan Air Force (PAF), in recent months, lost two fighter aircraft in the metropolis due to bird strike, causing great loss in terms of valuable national equipment. This was said by Air-Vice-Marshal, Rao Qamar Suleman, Air Officer Commanding, Southern Air Command on Wednesday during a briefing on hazards associated with bird activities in the Karachi area. Air-Vice-Marshal Qamar also said that the pilots, luckily managed to divert the aircraft from the populated areas before ejecting safely and the main reason for these crashes was improper management of the waste disposal system in Karachi. He stated that without the support and sincere efforts of the public, it would be very difficult to curb the bird menace and its associated hazards. He also requested the public to stop throwing the waste indiscriminately and extend full support to PAF officials in fighting the menace of birds in the vicinity of the runways. He informed the media that PAF lost 11 aircraft in 2006, a majority of which were Mirage fighter aircraft. He called on the City District Government Karachi to play its due role and the public to help and support the PAF by dumping garbage at the dumping centres, instead of dirtying airfirleds near the airports. Furthermore, Qamar informed authorities about the dead bodies of animals that are found. The birds come to prey on these dead animals, he said. A documentary on bird strike was also shown to the media. India Highest Bird-hits Last Year, Mumbai Airport Gets Ready to Tackle Problem. Special anti-perching spikes ordered, DESI bird scarers will be deployed too. (March 25, 2007 ) Highest bird-hits last year, Mumbai airport gets ready to tackle problem Preparing for the onslaught of the fabled Mumbai monsoon, officials of the Mumbai International Airport (MIAL) have a fresh worry to deal with: bird-hits. And since the country's busiest airport also recorded the highest number of bird-hits last year, work has already begun to keep the operational area as clear as possible. So, in addition to covering all open drains at the Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport, orders have been placed for anti-perching spikes, which will be fitted on various surfaces across the airport from the windsock to the airside signages. And with a thorough airside grading process complete, MIAL is now mulling over procuring special equipment to keep the grass on the airfield short once the rains set in as it is perfect for roosting and a major attraction for birds. For the airlines, the Mumbai bird menace is a serious issue. Low cost operator Deccan Airways had earlier raised the issue with the government. The cost of grounding an Airbus 320 is about US$57,000 per day, and an ATR US$11,420, said its spokesperson. According to Minister of Civil Aviation Praful Patel, among the four metro airports, Mumbai's 30 bird-hits was the highest last year not surprising, given the airports proximity to habitation. Delhi, which saw 25 birdhits, has appointed an NGO to study bird movement around the Indira Gandhi International Airport, apart from buying a high-end scarecrow bio-acoustic system, which broadcasts species distress calls for bird dispersal. However, at Mumbai airport which is frequented by black kites, crows and pigeons, home-grown methods are working. Bird scarers, who use firecrackers to shoo away birds, are very effective here, says Connie Muller, GM, airside management, MIAL. Having held various senior positions in Airports Company South Africa, a consortium partner in MIAL, he said for the moment, CSIA wouldn't need to replicate South African efforts of employing trained falconers using birds like falcons and creating a predator-prey relationship to clear the air or using trained dogs (kelpies) to scare birds and patrol runways. Flight Safety Quarterly Summer

7 The most effective of all measures taken here has been eliminating construction debris. Ninety-five per cent of soil mounts preferred perching spots for birds have been cleared, and there is much less bird activity, says Muller. Significantly, a stringent cleanliness clause has been inserted in all contracts MIAL will award for airside works. In the first three weeks of MIAL's clean-up of CSIA, a whopping 1,200 tonne of garbage (including dead rats, rubble, broken aircraft equipment like a jack) was carted out. The results are showing: MIAL records for April 2006-March 2007 show information on 15 bird-hits 3 confirmed, 12 suspected. A pigeon that struck an ATR in the first week of March blemished our record for this year. Otherwise, since January, we did not have a single bird strike, says Muller. But for Muller, worries remain. Like the chunks of garbage floating on the Mithi River, which flows under the main runway. As he is concerning about the grass on the airfield. We will make the grass so un-tasty that the birds won't come here! he vows. New Zealand Growing Bird Strikes Pose Risk to Airline Passengers (May 20, 2007) Some New Zealand airports are struggling to control the risk of bird strike, despite keeping a constant eye on feathered visitors to their runways. Two of the 18 airports monitored by the Civil Aviation Authority are considered high risk. According to June 2006 figures (the latest available), there are more than 10 bird strikes per 1000 aircraft movements at Gisborne and Invercargill. A further six airports are at medium risk, with more than five strikes, and have all been identified as having a growing problem. Earlier this month, the problem was dramatically highlighted when a plane leaving Manchester Airport, in Britain, was forced to make an emergency landing due to an encounter with two herons. The birds were sucked into one of the plane's engines, causing flames to appear before the pilot landed his 221 passengers safely back at the airport. "Is it a major risk in NZ? I don't think it is. Is it a risk that's recognised? Yes, it definitely is. People are continually working on it," said CAA spokesman Bob Sommer. In New Zealand, all incidents involving birds - whether near misses or direct hits on the side of an aircraft or in an engine - must be reported to the CAA by the pilot. "They [airports] take action to try and reduce the risk. Each of them has its own plans to mitigate the risk - the most important thing is to recognise that [the risks] exist." Gisborne Airport, with the highest rate of strikes at 11.5 in 1000, uses several methods to control wildlife within the airport but is struggling to deal with a high population of the native spur-winged plover, which is protected under the Wildlife Act. "Overall numbers of these bird species appear to have increased significantly over the past couple of years, particularly within the extensive agricultural cropping and viticulture areas surrounding the airport," said Gisborne airport manager Murray Bell. With the second highest rate of 11.4 strikes, Invercargill Airport also has a large number of spurwinged plovers. But its incident rates tended to be cyclical, said operations manager Eric Forsyth. "You can't always explain why you've got your numbers under control and why they then go up," he said. The risk to passengers is most severe in single-engine aircraft, as most larger planes can function on one engine, if a bird damages the other. Auckland Airport, New Zealand's largest, has a low bird-incident figure, with only 2.7 strikes per But it takes plenty of work and the services of a fulltime wildlife hazard officer - "the birdman" - to keep it that way. "Birdman" David Harris controls the seagulls, skylarks, dotterells and black swans around the airport. Spurwinged plovers are also very common at Auckland, and Harris calls them "the baddies". No matter how much you learned, birds were unpredictable, he said. Measures used to keep birds away include gas cannons that make loud bangs at certain intervals; metallic streamers that crackle in the wind to replicate fire; sirens and other noisemakers; bird kites that scare 99 Flight Safety Quarterly Summer 2007

8 smaller birds away; and bird fright, a shot of ammunition into the air. If birds are active in the area, a warning is given to pilots, who adjust their flight plans to avoid flocks. The numbers of worms and invertebrates which birds eat are monitored; grass is cut to particular heights; water bodies where birds like to roost are reduced; and sometimes a hovercraft quietly moves along large groups of swans on the nearby harbour. Bob Parkinson, operations manager at Auckland Airport, said the aim was to make it unpleasant for birds to stay there. Shooting birds and poisoning programmes were a last resort. Auckland Airport works with other airports on wildlife management and recently advised Tonga and Samoa. Turkey Birds 'sabotage' TNT 737 in Istanbul (Apr. 24, 2007) Last week, birds managed to ground one of freight carrier TNT's 737s at Istanbul's Ataturk airport. The 737's pilots started up the auxiliary power unit () before departing for Liege in Belgium, then noticed a sudden increase in temperature of the. The tower informed them that smoke was coming from the 737's tail. When technicians arrived to inspect the they found lancets, shears and other parts of burned metal. The pilots initially suspected that the 737 had been sabotaged and asked the airport authority to investigate. TNT left staff on the apron to check subsequent flights. The next day a 737 freighter landed at Ataturk Airport and parked in the same area near the cargo terminal. During the day, staff saw birds, mainly crows, carrying metal objects in their beaks. The birds flew round the back of the and tried to put the objects in its exhaust. This continued all day. The airport authority started an investigation about the metal objects. Last year, the special cargo bonded warehouse was destroyed in a fire. There is still some damaged cargo in the area, including pieces of metal, which zoologists believe could attract birds, particularly crows. The Ataturk airport authority said it doesn't normally use the parking area where the TNT 737 was kept. But TNT's freighter was sent there on this particular day because of a parking problem. Since the incident, TNT has been covering the when the plane is parked. Nigeria Another plane suffers bird strike in Lagos (April 30, 2007 ) Barely one week after a Boeing plane belonging to Aerocontractor aborted its flight from Owerri to Lagos due to bird strike, another plane yesterday suffered a similar problem. A Boeing 737 aircraft with registration number 5N- BGN belonging to NICCON Airways yesterday afternoon was forced to abort its flight following bird strike. According to information, the plane, which was carrying about 100 passengers, was billed to operate an afternoon flight from Lagos to Abuja when the incident occurred. The aircraft ran into problems while taxiing to take off when the pilot discovered that one of its engines had been damaged by bird strike. The pilot was forced to Flight Safety Quarterly Summer

9 abort the flight as the affected engine was found to have packed up while the passengers were evacuated into another aircraft. The affected plane has since been removed from the tarmac to avoid obstruction. Yesterday's incident was the fourth of its kind in the last one week. It will be recalled that only last week, an Aero aircraft suffered bird strike while operating a flight from Owerri to Lagos airport which made the airline to abort the flight. Similarly, Virgin Nigeria and Chanchangi and one other had recently cancelled flights due to bird strike menace. The Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria (FAAN) had claimed it spent US$ 468,000 to procure equipment to fight bird strikes. FG buys US$ 468,000 equipment to tackle bird strike (April 18, 2007) LAGOS To stem the high incidence of bird strike at airports across the country, the Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria (FAAN) has procured specialized bird' control equipment worth US$ 468,000. The development, which is considered first phase in the war against bird strike, was informed by the huge loss which airlines in the country have suffered as a result of bird strike of the aircraft engines estimated at no less than US$ 7,800,000 in the last two years. The equipment, according to FAAN's General Manager, Public Affairs, Mr. Akin Olukunle, comprise 14,000 Units of broad bangers to be distributed to airports across the country and siren schemers. Olukunle said the agency is also adopting what he called integrated habitat modification (grass cutting), removal and flight schedule modification approaches to tackle the problem, beyond procuring the equipment. "As part of flight schedule modification approach, the authority is putting ecological surveys to get seasonal differences which will be used in advising operators on flight operations," he said. According to him, FAAN had already created ornithology units at the major airports, including Lagos, Abuja, Kano and Port Harcourt, because of the volume of aircraft traffic into the airports. He said the second phase of this effort would involve the establishment of a similar unit at airports in Calabar, Enugu, Owerri, Ilorin, Kaduna, Maiduguri, Jos and Yola. The FAAN spokesman said the agency management had also set up an airport bird hazard control committee to provide information and coordination on bird/wildlife hazard management in accordance with the provisions of the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) and other relevant aviation bodies. He solicited the co-operation of stakeholders in the industry in the all out war against bird strike, which had in recent time constituted a threat to safety. Stakeholders in the industry had since urged the airports authority to urgently combat the menace to stem the tide of an accident resulting from bird strike. Virtually all the domestic airlines in the country, including Virgin Nigeria, Aerocontractors, Bellview, Chanchangi, amongst others, have suffered one bird strike or the other, losing their aircraft engines in the process. Nigerial airlines count losses to bird strike, as NCAA seeks co-ordinated action (May 24, 2007) The Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA) is seeking co-ordinated action against bird strikes. Aerocontractors, in the last three months, spent no less than US$10.61 million to effect repairs of damage to engines caused by bird strike. Virgin Nigeria has suffered 12 bird strike incidents in 2007 alone, causing US$2 million in repair costs. Director-General of the NCAA, Dr. Harold Demuren, listed ways the problem could be tackled, including the need to appoint a responsible officer at each of the nation`s airports; provide them with adequate resources; cut grasses in and around airports and eliminate farmlands/food sources from airports' vicinities. According to Demuren, efforts should also be geared at keeping drains clean; cleaning up rubbish; scaring birds with falcons, dogs, pyrotechnics etc., as well as trapping or killing persistent pests. Digested from Flight Safety Quarterly Summer 2007