Story Wyoming Conceptual Trails Plan Completed October 1, 2016

Transcription

1 Story Wyoming Conceptual Trails Plan Completed October 1, 2016 Prepared for: Prepared by: YEARS YESTERDAY. TODAY. FOREVER.

2 Table of Contents Executive Summary and Context...3 Planning and Support Documents Story Community Assessment of 2013 Related 5 Sheridan County Comprehensive Plan Related.9 SOAR 2021 Wyoming State Parks, Historic Sties & Trails Strategic Plan Summary.13 Wyoming Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan Summary...17 Potential Trail Development Zones Zone 1: Story Community...22 Existing Conditions.22 Recommendations...23 Zone 2: Story Centennial Park & Wyoming Game and Fish Lands.25 Existing Conditions 25 Recommendations..26 Zone 3: South Piney Creek & Penrose Trail Head...26 Existing Conditions.26 Recommendations...27 Zone 4: Fort Phil Kearny, Fetterman Monument & Wyoming State Trust Lands 28 Existing Conditions...28 Recommendations...29 Zone 5: Wyoming State Trust Lands South.30 Existing Conditions.30 Recommendations...31 Zone 6: Bighorn National Forest South...32 Existing Conditions.32 Recommendations...33 Zone 7: Bighorn National Forest West...33 Existing Conditions...33 Recommendations...33 Trail Design and Construction Trail Design and Sustainability.34 Trail Flow Techniques Signage and Wayfinding

3 Project Costs Opinion 36 Conclusion 38 Appendices (attached separately for digital review) Key to Conceptual Trails Plan Maps Conceptual Trails Plan Maps Zones 1-7 Benefits of Mountain Bicycling Trails - Promoting Active and Healthy Lifestyles for Youth Economic Benefits of Trails to Local Communities Establishing a Multi-User Coalition of Stakeholders and Volunteers Present Day Mountain Bicycling Small Community Bike Park Features Safe Routes To Schools Program Details Recreational Trails Program Grant Details Wyoming State Trails ORV Partnership Grants Land and Water Conservation Fund Details Potential SCLT/Trail Solutions Bios 2

4 Executive Summary and Context Story is an unincorporated community located in an unparalleled mountain setting. Piney Island has long been known for its rich history, verdant ponderosa pines, and clear rushing streams. With a mile-high elevation, the Story area experiences its own unique weather yearround, with dynamic seasons accompanied by more precipitation than many other communities in Wyoming. Story s unique setting as well as its proximity to destinationworthy public lands make it well-suited and primed for recreation development. While Story s landscape, location, and climate are ideal for trail-related recreation, there is a noticeable lack of developed pathways and trails, trailheads, and related infrastructure. This is something that many in the community would like to see change, as reflected in the 2013 Wyoming Rural Development Council Story Community Assessment. While many community topics received attention, there was significant input received regarding the limited existence of pathways and trails. Some of the main recreation themes centered around developing safe, non-motorized pathways within the community to connect schools, businesses, neighborhoods, and areas of public use. Similarly, there was also strong documented interest in developing additional trails to provide residents and visitors in Story improved opportunities to experience nearby public lands. Year-round use of such trails was also highlighted as highly desirable. The Assessment also captured local interest in promoting Story as a recreational and historical destination to strengthen the economy of Story harkening back to its heydays of the mid-1900 s when it was a well-known gathering place for respite and recreation. In response to the 2013 Story Community Assessment, the Story Community Fund (SCF) worked with the Sheridan Community Land Trust to discuss what taking the next steps might look like to strategically undertake trail and pathway development. Ultimately, the SCF commissioned SCLT to undertake assessment and conceptual design work now summarized in this Conceptual Trails Plan document. SCLT selected Trails Solutions to bring trail design and construction expertise in designer Joey Klein. While Trails Solutions is associated with the International Mountain Bike Association, Mr. Klein is well known on the global stage for designing sustainable non-motorized trails for multiple uses. Closer to home, Mr. Klein has designed the highly-acclaimed, multiple-use trails in Glendo State Park, Curt Gowdy State Park, and Guernsey State Park. SCLT gathered pertinent background information and completed research on Story and surrounding area prior to Mr. Klein s arrival, gathering geospatial, planning-related, historical, and anecdotal information. The idea was to frame the area of interest for Mr. Klein but otherwise step back and let him work with a blank canvas approach. During development of this document, consultation occurred with multiple community members that had been identified by the Story Community Fund. These included the Superintendent of Fort Phil Kearny and the Bighorn National Forest s Recreation Planner among others. Mr. Klein spent roughly three weeks on the ground investigating existing trails and exploring new trail concepts. SCLT focused on pathway and connectivity options within the developed area of Story. The result of this work is highlighted in the enclosed document which inventories existing conditions while making recommendations on what the best options and opportunities may be for realizing some of the goals laid out by the Story Community. In doing so, this plan identifies zones of potential trail development which are most suitable for trails due to multiple characteristics including ease of access, parking, existing 3

5 trails, suitable terrain, proximity to Story and connectivity to other community attractions. These zones identify opportunities across the full spectrum of trail users with recommendations that even benefit motorized recreational trails in the area. While some concept trails will be best suited for one use over another, there is ample room for continued community discourse as to what these uses may be and how the concept trail should be designed. Further discussions between the community of Story, engaged land managers and willing private property owners will be what guides the next steps and eventual outcome of what trails are designed and constructed within the identified zones. Photo 1: Looking west across public lands towards Cloud Peak Wilderness. 4

6 Planning and Support Documents Story Community Assessment of 2013 In June of 2013, the Wyoming Rural Development Council (WRDC) provided a resource team to assist the Community of Story, Wyoming, in evaluating the community s assets and liabilities and in developing suggestions for improving the environment, social and economic future of Story. The Community of Story requested a community assessment from the Wyoming Rural Development Council. Patrick Morgan and other volunteers served as the community contacts and worked on agenda development, logistics, and publicity in the community for the assessment. Resource team members were selected to visit Story, interview citizens and community leaders, and develop a plan of recommended actions for the town. The Resource Team visited Story over a two-day period on June 3 & 4, The visit began with lunch and a tour afterwards of the surrounding area. Then, the listening sessions began with a total of 60 people attending the 8 sessions. The sectors interviewed included: Tourism, School, Small Business-Industry-Agriculture, Churches and Food Bank, Fire Department and Emergency Services, Organizations, Senior Citizens and Parks and Recreation. Each person was asked to respond to three questions: What do you think are the major problems and challenges in Story? What do you think are the major strengths and assets in Story? What projects would you like to see completed in two, five, ten, and twenty years in Story? Upon completion of the listening sessions, the team met to compare notes and share comments. The team agreed upon the major themes and each went back to their respective daily lives to write individual reports that are combined into this one larger report. A summary of the assessment and major themes were presented to the Mayor of Story, Town Council, and residents on June 4, 2013 at the Town Meeting, where nearly 50 area residents attended. During this assessment many of the Story population attended the listening sessions and culminating Town Meeting. Their input helped to provide keys to the themes. Major themes of the assessment included several related to recreation: a trails system, walking path next to roads, fire break into trails, promoting Story s assets, and access to outdoor recreation. 5

7 Recreation-Related Excerpts from Assessment Reports: In the area of pedestrian safety, there were many comments about the benefits of developing a trail system in the community to facilitate moving around and through the town without pedestrians having to be directly on the roadways. An added plus of such an initiative would be providing recreational benefit for both residents and visitors to the community. We heard from a number of you that you would prefer a trail system that provides capacity for non-motorized traffic such as walkers, hikers, bicycles, horses, cross country skiers and snow shoe traffic. This was viewed as having a positive impact on economic development with minimum disruption to the community. We also heard that such a trail system could be linked with trails into adjacent federal and/or state lands to enhance access to those resources and make your community more attractive for visitors. The potential for multiple benefits from a fuel break system around the town coupled with trail development using that fuel break pathway is a very attractive option that warrants follow up and implementation. Story already has some great recreational and historic site assets: the fish hatchery and adjacent park, the Wagon Box Fight Site, Fort Phil Kearney and its museum, the Fetterman Battlefield, and trails for hiking, biking and ATVs. Story is also close to Interstate 90 which presents an amazing opportunity to capture business from tourists who are passing through. Following are some potential projects that could help Story capitalize on its outdoor recreation opportunities and assets. Creating or enhancing recreation venues by: o Expanding the existing trail system for winter (cross-country skiing, snowshoeing and sledding) and summer (walking, hiking and mountain biking) activities o Installing additional restrooms in the park by the fish hatchery o Installing an amphitheater or band shell in the park Promoting outdoor recreation/tourism opportunities by: o Developing promotional materials (brochures, maps) o Distributing promotional materials in the State s welcome centers and in businesses in Buffalo and Sheridan o Promoting day-trip tourism in conjunction with surrounding chambers of commerce and tourism organizations o Installing a kiosk in Story that contains a map and visitor information o Installing directional signs With Fort Phil Kearny, Wagon Box Fight, and Fetterman Fight historical sites in the region a lot could be done to leverage those assets. For example the low average number of people who stop at Fort Phil Kearny a year is 16,000 people. The amount of people who go to visit the Story Fish Hatchery is 20,000 people. That is a total of at least 36,000 people. If each person spent on average $5 to $10 each that would be a revenue stream of $180,000 to $360,000 a year. So determining a way to capture those visitors would beneficial. Let s look at a list of some of attractions to Story and ideas to go along with each one. 6

8 ! National Forest o ATV o Cross- Country Skiing " Races " Family ski days " Lodging and ski packages " Lessons o Hiking o Fishing " Guided tours o Horseback riding o Mountain Biking " Races " Family biking days " Lessons " Lodging and biking packages! Historic Sites o Wagon Box Fight o Fetterman Fight o Fort Phil Kearney " Interpretive trail map " Self-Guided tours " Horse drawn wagon tours " Historical mini marathon Marathon races are very popular and bring in a lot of people. A themed marathon around the history of the area would draw a lot of people. Plus since most of these races are annual events it would be a good draw for the beginning of summer every year. Here is a good example: " Annual gathering of historians This could also develop into an annual gathering of individual and could grow. A good partnership with the museum would be beneficial.! Fish Hatchery o Really use this asset to your advantage. Leverage the amount of people that visit the Hatchery to spend money and stay longer in Story. The Fish Hatchery isn t even mentioned on your website. Here is the link to the Game and Fish website on the Story Fish Hatchery. o Coordinate summer programs for education and tourism with the Hatchery. Many of the Story residents in attendance expressed their desire to help support local tourism and hospitality businesses in Story and the surrounding area through a managed increase in visitation to the area; however, it is extremely important to residents that any potential growth be sustainable and appropriate for the area in order to maintain the quality of life that residents are accustomed to now. For any future tourism related growth in Story, it is extremely important that residents and community leaders understand the importance of sustainable tourism growth. This 7

9 philosophy on tourism practices and development takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and the members of the host communities. In an effort to balance aspirations for growth from the local hospitality industry with concerns for development among community members, the following recommendations are relatively small and unobtrusive methods for providing enhanced services for visitors and residents alike. The community of Story has expressed the desire for walking/biking paths in area throughout the community to provide safety for children and pedestrians. Solutions: The Wyoming Department of Transportation has a Transportation Enhancement Activities Program. This program includes grant monies for provisions for pedestrians and bicyclists and safety and educational activities. The grants do require that a tax-supported governmental entity are included, so Story would have to approach the county commissioners or another governmental entity to see if they would act as a sponsor for the proposed projects. The TEAL grant projects are selected on an annual project application and the TEAS do not have an annual application, but requires a letter to the District Engineer. Please visit to get a copy of the Local Programs Book for more information. The book does contain websites for other Wyoming communities that have had successful projects and I would recommend contacting some of these communities to see what worked and what didn t. TEAL grants do require a 20% match in funds, and TEAS may be used to compliment the TEAL. Challenge: Access to outdoor recreation. Several residents identified the lack of pathways and trails to facilitate outdoor recreation. Solution: Under the Community Enhancement Projects new construction is allowed including infrastructure to improve aesthetics or quality of life to make a community attractive for business development. The maximum award is $500,000, with a 50% match. In 2010, Teton County received a Community Enhancement Grant to develop mountain biking and hiking trails. This project is a public/private partnership between the county, Jackson Hole Mountain Resort, Snow King Resort, Friends of Pathways, and Bridger-Teton National Forest. All of the trail enhancements are on Bridger- Teton National Forest property. Grant funds were used for biking and hiking trails, parking areas, public restrooms, and signage. The completion of this project is a goal of Friends of Pathways, a local non-profit organization which promotes complete pathways in the Jackson area. Additionally, this project fits within a larger plan of the resorts to develop a more comprehensive and linked trail system. Ultimately, the expansion of the trail systems as a result of this project would create a community more attractive to a younger workforce as well as further enhance the visitor experience in the Jackson area. For the full Assessment please see the following site: 20Final%20Report.pdf 8

10 County Comprehensive Plan (2008) Goals and objectives identified within the County Comprehensive Plan generally support and encourage community-initiated benefits related to recreation countywide. Specifically, the following goals and policies are worth noting as they will relate in some way to the overall trail and pathway conceptualization and development process: Goal 1.7 The county will respect individual rights, balanced with community health, safety, and welfare. Policy 1.7 a: Balance property rights with community objectives Private property rights will be balanced with community planning, public health, and safety needs within the accepted confines of national, state, and local laws. Goal 2.6: The county will support wildlife habitat protection. Policy 2.6 a: Minimize development impacts on crucial wildlife habitat Ensure that new development protects wildlife habitat and corridors and is wildlife-friendly as possible through proper placement and design of structures, roads, utilities, and fencing. This will include consideration of crucial ranges for elk, deer, and moose, as identified on the Wildlife Habitat map when development decisions are made. (Note: The crucial wildlife habitat for Elk, Mule Deer, and Moose is generally contained within the Big Horn Foothills Conservation Area or on public lands. See Figure 4. See also Figure A-5 in the Appendix.) Policy 2.6 b: Coordinate with wildlife agencies to avoid wildlife/development conflicts Coordinate with local, state, and federal agencies to identify, conserve and protect fish habitat and wildlife crucial ranges identified on the Wildlife Habitat map. The county will support policies to allow archery hunting in developed areas, restrict planting vegetation that attracts wildlife, and avoid development of riparian areas. Goal 2.11: The county will enhance outdoor recreation resources and opportunities. Policy 2.11 a: Sustain the county s recreational resources Continue to enhance outdoor recreational opportunities and tourism opportunities in a manner that sustains the county s resources and contributes positively to the economy. Policy 2.11 b: Provide and retain access to public lands Retain existing access to public lands and, where appropriate, provide additional access to serve the recreational needs of county residents and visitors. Policy 2.11 c: Identify funding for open space, trails, and recreation Prioritize open space, trails, and recreation projects. Identify and direct funding toward high priority trails, open space, and recreation projects. 9

11 COUNTY TRAILS AND PATHWAY PLANNING The Long-Range Trails and Bicycle Routes Plan (Figure 7 excerpt of Story below) shows a future looped system of on-road bicycle lanes and routes and off- road multi-use trails throughout the county and adjacent to the City of Sheridan (based on the Pathways Plan). The Plan map is a starting point for long-range planning. This Plan s policies suggest extending the bicycle and trail systems in the county, including connections to the Big Horn foothills as generally shown on the plan. However, the county will need to do more planning, prioritize connections, identify specific rights of ways, and identify funding sources. The county will work with citizen groups to prioritize loops and explore future connections. 10

12 Goal 5.2: Urban areas will have complete streets to accommodate motorized vehicles, public transit, bicycles, and pedestrians. Policy 5.2 a: Accommodate all transportation modes Ensure that all new streets provide for efficient and safe movement for all transportation modes (i.e., vehicles, public transit, bicycles, and pedestrians). Policy 5.2 b: Extend pathways in communities Extend the pathways system for bicycles and pedestrians to encourage transportation and recreation travel consistent with the Pathways Master Plan. The pathways systems will complement, but not substitute for, improvements to the roadway network for bicycling and walking. Goal 5.6: The county will support planning and extension of a regional nonmotorized trails and pathways system Policy 5.6 b: Plan for and establish a regional multi-use trails system The county will coordinate with citizens and an advisory committee and plan for a linked non-motorized trail system that extends from the urban areas to the foothills (e.g., Big Horn Mountain Trail System) and accommodates multiple users (e.g., walkers, joggers, bicycles, equestrians, and disabled). The Long Range County Trails and Bicycle Networks map is a starting point for future county trails planning. Goal 6.1: The county will recognize and reinforce individual community characteristics. Policy 6.1 a: Develop Community Plans for unincorporated communities of Big Horn, Arvada, and Story This Comprehensive Plan and Community Plans will recognize the unique characteristics and needs of the communities in the county, both incorporated and unincorporated. Chapter 3, the Future Land Use Plan, addresses some of these distinct characteristics, as well as Chapter 10, Communities in Focus. Goal 6.2: Sheridan County will identify and preserve historic and cultural resources and maintain its legacy. Policy 6.2 a: Reinforce efforts to preserve urban and rural historic and cultural resources The county will continue to reinforce and maintain the County s historic and cultural legacy by building on historic preservation efforts occurring in the City of Sheridan, Sheridan Historic Preservation Commission work to heighten awareness and ensure preservation of Sheridan County's diverse historic and cultural heritage throughout the county. Preservation efforts could target communities and surrounding areas, such as old barns, cabins, remnant segments of trails, archaeological sites, and old mining communities. Goal 7.3: The county will cooperatively plan with citizens of the county s unincorporated communities (Big Horn, Story, and Arvada). Policy 7.3 a: Work with residents of unincorporated communities The county will work together with residents of its unincorporated communities (Arvada, Big Horn, and Story) to address issues of local concern by providing political and 11

13 organizational assistance, recognizing that citizen initiative in these areas is critical, and that county government is not always able to take the lead. 12

14 SOAR 2021 Wyoming State Parks, Historic Sties & Trails Strategic Plan Summary SOAR 2021 is noted within this planning document within the context of Fort Kearny, the Fetterman Monument, and the Wagon Box Fight. The following sections are taken directly from the SOAR 2021 Plan but do not represent the full scope, breadth, or details of the plan which can be found here in it entirety: SOAR Executive Summary Anyone that deals with government agencies has probably worked on a strategic plan at some point. Unfortunately, upon completion these plans are often quickly placed on a shelf never to again see the light of day. Our goal is to create a plan that is actually utilized and implemented. The planning team started the process by reviewing other park system s strategic plans. We were trying to determine which states had strategic plans that were working. All of the plans that appear to be successful have four elements in common: 1.) they present a clear and concise long-term vision for the agency, 2.) there is flexibility in the implementation of goals and objectives, 3.) there is a mechanism for timely and consistent monitoring of agency accomplishments, 4.) agency leadership and staff are held accountable to the goals and objectives identified in the strategic plan. The SOAR 2021 was developed with each of these four criteria in mind. We developed our agency goals with a focus on resource management. After considerable self-examination we developed our goals around the care and management of the following five resources. 1.) Cultural and Natural Resources 2.) Experience Resources 3.) Visitor Resources 4.) Financial Resources 5.) Human Resources The SOAR is a ten year strategic plan that is updated every two years in coordination with the bi-annual budget. This plan represents the culmination of a two year process involving considerable research, evaluation and interaction with staff and public. With the assistance of the Wyoming State Legislature, federal colleagues and our public partners we look forward to the challenges and opportunities in bringing this plan to fruition 13

15 SOAR Mission and Vision Statement Mission Statement: Wyoming State Parks, Historic Sites and Trails protect and enhance the natural and cultural environment by providing enjoyable, educational and inspiring experiences for present and future generations. Vision Statement: Wyoming State Parks, Historic Sites and Trails offer exceptional and safe experiences that enhance the overall quality of life. Our guests gain an understanding and appreciation for the well-maintained amenities we manage, while exploring and enjoying Wyoming s natural and cultural heritage. Dedicated and professional employees provide outstanding customer service at adequately staffed and financed parks, historic sites and trails. SOAR Introduction The 2021 SOAR is a tool to incorporate public and staff input into policy development, priority setting and budgeting for Wyoming State Parks, Historic Sites & Trails (SPHST). The SOAR is a ten year strategic plan designed to be a living document. Developed in coordination with a Bi-Annual Implementation Plan the SOAR can be adjusted for unexpected challenges and opportunities that will present themselves during the life of the plan. Information Collection The SOAR planning process began in Planners first reviewed existing documents that related to SPHST development and management. These include the Wyoming Snowmobile Survey, 2002 Wyoming State Parks and Historic Sites Long Range Plan, the 2004 Wyoming Statewide Trails Plan, Vision 2010 Wyoming State Trails Program Plan, the 2004 SPHST Visitor Use Survey, the 2005 SPHST Non-Visitor Survey, the 2005 SPHST Economic Impact Report, 2006 ORV survey and 2009 Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan. As some of these documents where updated the new information was incorporated into the SOAR. The Snowmobile Survey, the 2006 ORV survey and the 2004 and 2009 SPHST Visitor Use Reports utilized extensive surveys to glean information about the demographics of trail users and park/historic site visitors, activities they take part in, and the types of facilities and management practices they would like to see at SPHST. Wyoming Tourism Industry Master Plan, Beginning in 2007, with Project Front Door, the Wyoming Office of Tourism (WOT) embarked on a process to develop the Wyoming Tourism Master Plan. In 2010, WOT partnered with the Wyoming Department of Game and Fish and the Wyoming Department of State Parks and Cultural Resources to develop the Wyoming Tourism Industry Master Plan, The purpose of a Master Plan is to present a comprehensive view of Wyoming s collective tourism products and projects, both man- 14

16 made and natural, including all state, federal, local, private and non-profit initiatives. It will provide a regional and statewide perspective of existing and proposed tourism projects. Most importantly it will direct input from the industry and related organizations throughout the state to set a vision and strategy for Wyoming s tourism growth through WOT and SPHST share many goals and challenges to further the tourism industry within Wyoming. Several recommendations within the Tourism Master Plan pertain specifically to SPHST. As such, the Division is incorporating those recommendations as Action Strategies for SPHST. Development of the SOAR In the spring of 2009 the draft SOAR was developed and made available for internal review. The draft SOAR was modified based on staff comments. In June of 2009 the draft SOAR was made available on- line at the SPHST website for public review and comment. Following this SPHST staff set up a series of eight meetings throughout the state to receive additional public comment. These meetings were held in the following communities on the following dates: Casper Evanston Rock Springs Lander Gillette Laramie Torrington Cheyenne June 8 June 18 June 25 July 13 July 30 August 20 August 27 December 3 Following the public review period the SOAR was reworked and submitted to SPHST staff for another review and comment period. The draft SOAR was then reviewed by the State Parks & Cultural Resources Commission. Finally, the SOAR underwent a second 30 day public review period. Implementation and Tracking Progress Of The SOAR The SOAR is a dynamic document that will be augmented by a Bi- Annual Implementation Plan to account for changes in the economy, staffing and budgetary constraints, and shifting recreation and cultural heritage tourism trends. The goals and objectives in the SOAR should not change significantly during the ten year period, specific actions to achieve the goals and objectives will be revised bi-annually. For this reason, action strategies are not included in the SOAR, but are contained in the Bi- Annual Implementation Plan. Every other year at the fall staff meeting SPHST staff will review, identify and update key action strategies that correspond to goals and objectives outlined in the SOAR. Following this meeting the SPHST Senior Management Team will use this information to update and finalize the action strategies in the Bi- Annual Implementation Plan. The Plan will be finalized prior to the development of the bi-annual budget and used to guide budgeting and management decisions for the ensuing two year period. 15

17 Each staffed park/historic site currently prepares a monthly report. The format of this monthly report will be modified to relate to the goals and objectives outlined in the SOAR and the action strategies in the Bi-Annual Implementation Plan. At the end of each calendar year, these monthly reports will be combined into an annual SOAR Report of Accomplishments. 16

18 Wyoming Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP) Summary The following sections are taken directly from the S.C.O.R.P. Plan but do not represent the full scope, breadth, or details of the plan which can be found here in it entirety: SCORP Introduction The 2014 Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP) serves as a guide for local, state and federal agencies in the development and provision of future outdoor recreation opportunities. The purpose of this five- year (5) SCORP is to identify the outdoor recreation needs of the citizens and of visitors to Wyoming and to develop a program to address those needs. The 2014 plan is the ninth (9) in a series of SCORPs which have been developed by the Wyoming Department of State Parks and Cultural Resources (SPCR), Division of State Parks, Historic Sites and Trails (SPHST), as part of the state s ongoing and continuous commitment to providing high quality outdoor recreation opportunities. Wyoming s abundant outdoor recreational opportunities and acclaimed natural resources should be identified and developed in a manner which allows the public access while maintaining the area s unique features. The outdoor recreation system in Wyoming is a complex and diverse structure. Outdoor recreation has been an important part of the state s way of life for many years. Participation in outdoor recreation has grown dramatically in recent decades. Not only are there a wide variety of natural resources and recreational opportunities, but there are a large and varied amount of providers. Providers are guided by legislative mandates and guidelines, market prices and/or agency goals and objectives. With this many providers, the risk of duplication of services, missed opportunities and lack of coordination is a threat to the quality presentation of the state s recreation opportunities. On the local level - towns, cities, counties, school boards, joint power boards and local municipalities provide the opportunity to participate in outdoor recreation in the state. The private sector recreation industry also has great potential in Wyoming to provide needed facilities and is providing service in all areas of the state. Within state government, SPHST, the Wyoming Game and Fish Department (WGFD), the Wyoming Department of Transportation (WYDOT) and the Office of State Lands and Investments (OSLI) are all involved to varying degrees in providing outdoor recreation experiences. Federal agencies which provide outdoor recreational experiences in the state of Wyoming include the National Park Service (NPS), the United States Forest Service (USFS), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the Bureau of Reclamation (BOR), the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). What is a SCORP? The SCORP is the only statewide document that attempts to bring together the wants and needs of the recreation users and providers. This document examines Wyoming s 17

19 outdoor recreation resources and is used as an information resource and guidance tool. It is an endeavor to help guide the recreation industry in Wyoming while protecting and enhancing Wyoming s natural resources. Most of the individual state parks and historic sites have master plans although many of them are outdated. Federal land managers have plans for their respective areas, but not an overall Wyoming plan. Many of the private providers have their marketing and/or long range goal plans, but an overall plan does not exist showing opportunities in Wyoming. Completion of the SCORP ensures Wyoming s continued eligibility to participate in the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) program. The plan will guide the investment of LWCF monies in Wyoming over the course of the next five years to be distributed wisely based on the demonstrated needs of the citizens of the state. The SCORP is also used in conjunction with the Recreation Trails Program (RTP). This grant program runs through the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and is administered by the SPCR. The RTP provides funding for the development, improvement and maintenance of trails and trail related facilities, within the State of Wyoming. Applicants for this program must demonstrate that projects further a specific goal of the SCORP and are consistent with the priorities of the State Trails Plan. The Legal Federal Authority of SCORP Legal authority for the development of the 2014 SCORP is Chapter 2 of the Land and Water Conservation Fund State Assistance Program, Federal Assistance Manual, Volume 69. This chapter explains the objectives, eligibility requirements, and guidelines for the state and the NPS in preparing and reviewing the SCORP. The SCORP is required by Section 6 (d) of the LWCF Act of 1965, (USDA, NPS 1965) as amended. As per Chapter 2.a.4, the minimum requirements of the plan are: A. The plan must describe the process and methodology(s) chosen by the State to meet the guidelines set forth in this section. B. The planning process must include ample opportunity for public participation involving all segments of the State s population. C. The plan must be comprehensive. The plan will be considered comprehensive if it: 1. (1) Identifies outdoor recreation issues of statewide importance based upon, but not limited to, input from the public participation program. The plan must also identify those issues the State will address through the LWCF and those issues which may be addressed by other means; 2. (2) Evaluates demand, i.e., public outdoor recreation preferences, but not necessarily through quantitative statewide surveys or analyses; and 3. (3) Evaluates the supply of outdoor recreation resources and facilities, but not necessarily through quantitative statewide inventories. D. The plan must have an implementation program that identifies the State s strategies, priorities and actions for the obligation of its LWCF apportionment. The implementation program must be of sufficient detail for use in developing 18

20 project selection criteria for the State s Open Project Selection Process (OPSP) so projects submitted to NPS for LWCF funding will implement the SCORP. E. The plan must contain or reference a wetlands priority component consistent with Section 303 of the Emergency Wetlands Resources Act of At a minimum, the wetlands priority component must: (1) Be consistent with the National Wetlands Priority Conservation Plan, prepared by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; (2) Provide evidence of consultation with the state agency responsible for fish and wildlife resources; (3) Contain a listing of those wetland types which should receive priority for acquisition; and (4) Consider outdoor recreation opportunities associated with its wetlands resources for meeting the State s public outdoor recreation needs. F. The plan may consist of a single document or may be comprised of multiple documents as long as the guidelines as set forth in this section are met. The Requirements of SCORP LWCF guidelines (USDI, NPS 2008) specify that a SCORP be prepared every five (5) years, and that each SCORP: assess the supply and demand for outdoor recreation contain a wetlands component that identifies wetlands with high recreation values include an implementation component that outlines recommended actions consistent with plan goals. Issue 1: Land Use Management Recommendations Preserve existing and increase public access to public lands for outdoor recreation. Examine the use of alternative means to allow public access to public lands for outdoor recreation. Identify and resolve disagreements between conflicting public land usages. Promote compatibility between recreation opportunities and future land uses. Examine land needs to ensure they meet current demands and future trends in outdoor recreation. Issue 2 Facilities 19

21 Recommendations Improve and expand existing outdoor recreation facilities, when appropriate, to meet the increasing demands of the public. Encourage communication between users and recreation providers to determine new needs and appropriate locations for outdoor recreation. Develop a process to periodically bring together key outdoor recreation providers (from all levels of government and the private sector) to share and discuss ongoing regional outdoor recreation issues. Ensure new facility design considers climatic and scenic factors. This can include making sure facilities are oriented correctly for the wind, take advantage of the sun or shade opportunities and are situated to reduce visual impacts. Through a cooperative management strategy, minimize conflicts between different user groups in the development of new or expanded recreation opportunities. Insure the current recreational needs of the population are met which include but are not limited to: Outdoor recreational facilities Trails and pathways Community recreation facilities Needs of senior citizens and individuals with disabilities Identify and address future trends and demands of outdoor recreation Issue 3: Funding and Cost Recommendations Encourage alternative long- term funding strategies through a joint partnership between local government, business leaders, and private interests. Encourage the development of policies that will promote self- sufficient outdoor recreation facilities and opportunities. Actively solicit the establishment of endowments for outdoor recreation facilities and programs. Ensure that maintenance is current on all facilities. Increase community promotion and education about outdoor recreation programs, facilities, opportunities and needs. Evaluate current facilities and equipment relative to its effective use- life and update or replace if appropriate. In coordination with recreation providers, develop a clearinghouse of available funding sources for outdoor recreation and provide a mechanism to ensure that all eligible applicants are aware of these funding sources. 20

22 Promote the use of volunteers, sport associations, and recreation groups as an alternative means of support for the operation and maintenance of public outdoor recreation facilities. Attention should be focused on renovating existing recreation sites and attractions, and funding considerations should be given to renovations that represent significant cost savings over the development of new sites or facilities. A network of citizens, local decision makers, recreation and outdoor groups, and regional coalitions should be formed to support continued funding for outdoor recreation. Priority Projects In the 2013 SCORP we have identified several priorities for Wyoming outdoor recreation. The following is a list of outdoor recreation projects that are identified as priorities for LWCF funding. This list was developed using information from the user survey, provider survey, prior Wyoming SCORP s and new facility trends. Amphitheater/Band Shells Aquatic Facilities BMX Tracks Boating Facilities Campgrounds Disc Golf Courses Fishing Golf Courses Hunting Natural Areas/Wetlands Paint Ball Facilities Passive Parks/Open Spaces Picnic Areas Public Access to Public Lands Remote Control Facilities Skateboard Facilities Sheltered Ice Rinks Sheltered Swimming Pools Shooting Facilities/Target Ranges Sports and Playfields Support Facilities Trails (motorized) Trails (non- motorized) White Water Parks Although these are not the entire criteria needed to receive LWCF funds, these facilities and the specific components incidental to them are found to be needed in every region of Wyoming. The 2013 SCORP recognizes the potential for rapid change in outdoor recreation. This document attempts to enhance the opportunity for local communities to easily obtain LWCF funds. All planning and long- range improvement plans adopted by state, county, city, town or local recreation boards will be considered eligible for the LWCF grant program. 21

23 Potential Trail Development Zones Seven distinct zones were identified within the Area of Interest for shared-use trail development proximal to Story: Zone 1: Story Community Zone 2: Story Centennial Park/Wyoming Game and Fish Lands Zone 3: South Piney Creek & Penrose Trail Head Zone 4: Fort Phil Kearny, Fetterman Monument, & Wyoming State Trust Lands Zone 5: Wyoming State Trust Lands South Zone 6: Bighorn National Forest South Zone 7: Bighorn National Forest West Zone 1: Story Community Existing Conditions The town of Story has no paved or surfaced publicly identified pathways at this time. The closest related features consist of several short sections of paved sidewalk-like surface along North Piney Road in downtown Story as well as several miles of single-track paths located intermitted along well-traveled public roadways, primarily along the westernmost sections of Fish Hatchery Road. It is commonplace to find hikers, bikers, equestrians, and even families with strollers using street surfaces throughout the community for transportation and recreation. Motorized vs. non-motorized safety issues have been documented within the community and safety for recreationists along roadways one a major and repeated concern raised during the 2013 community assessment. The Story Grade School (Sheridan County School District #2) maintains a cyclical student population that has ranged from 11 to 40 over the past decade. While the Story Grade School has gravel paths along its corner, there are no formal sidewalks or pathways traveling in any direction for the school. The school does not have a Safe Routes to Schools Plan developed to-date and as a result, has been unable to benefit from any federal funding related to providing safe non-motorized access in the vicinity of the school. One of the benefits of Story s physical layout is the presence of multiple east-west and northsouth public roadways. Right-of-ways for these graveled roadways vary, but the majority allow for 30-feet of use. Typical surfaces on these roadways vary as well, but average around 20. Highway 87 sweeps through the eastern edge of town and provides a popular alternative for motorists wishing to leave the high speeds and rolling terrain of Interstate 90. During summer, the main roads see increased traffic primarily from seasonal homeowners, summer camps, and tourists visiting historic sites in the vicinity. In particular, the roads connecting town, Fort Phil Kearny, the Wagon Box Fight and the Fetterman Monument see the most increase during the summer months. These roads have no alternate routes for pedestrians, bicycles, equestrians or ORV enthusiasts. 22

24 Recommendations The community of Story hopes to increase visitation to town and the outlying tourist destinations while providing safer alternate neighborhood pedestrian and non-motorized routes. The current construction to enhance Highway 87 is certainly a step in the right direction and will be a benefit to non-motorized transportation (primarily road bikers). One of the first priorities for the Story community should be to discuss and fully investigate opportunities contained within Zone 1 which identifies primary east-west and north-south travel corridors to prioritize connectivity throughout the community of Story. At a minimum, establishing on-road signage that relays non-motorized traffic along certain roadways would go a long way to alerting motorists of users in the area. Some thought should be given to the messaging and branding of such signage as it represents an opportunity for the community to begin building awareness for non-motorized uses within the more developed parts of the Story community. Photo 2: Story s downtown vicinity along North Piney Road. Fish Hatchery Road is a main roadway of priority interest in establishing safe, non-motorized travel and recreation opportunities. Fish Hatchery Road contains a variety of right-of-ways and easements, ranging from 92 feet of width down to 34 feet of width. The current roadway surface averages 26 feet with no true shoulder to speak of. There is a dirt single track pathway that has developed over time primarily on the north side of Fish Hatchery Road west of Story downtown. While this may not be able to be enlarged to meet ADA requirements, it is recommended that visitation with the Wyoming Department of Transportation and Sheridan County Public Works might offer some relatively affordable solutions to piece together disparate sections of pathway while widening the pathway and adding signage along the roadway to draw motorists attention to the presence of recreationists adjacent to the roadway. Property owners on the north side of Fish Hatchery Road and adjacent to the existing right-ofway (or easement) would also have to be supportive of further development of the existing pathway and in some cases move fencing and other obstacles present. Another simple way to further ease the use of the existing pathway would be nothing more than brush-cutting the path mid-july to maintain its visibility. Assuming the blessing of WYDOT and Sheridan County, with just minimal work and minimal cost Story would be able to have a functioning hike, bike, 23

25 and equestrian pathway running from the Fish Hatchery east into the downtown area near Crooked Street. A longer-term effort would be to begin working with WYDOT to identify desired shoulder or pathway options within their existing Surface Transportation Planning (STP) document involving Fish Hatchery Road. Of prime connectivity interest is improving the safety and usability of non-motorized recreationists along the length of Wagon Box Road. This road is fairly constricted averaging a surface of 25 feet within right-of-way and easements ranging from 30 to 100 feet with most of its length consisting of ROW of 30 feet. Much of its length is brushy, with vegetation and turns combining to present dangerous curves and corners when considering non-motorized and motorized interactions. The road could be viewed as a destination unto itself, especially for bikers with its expansive views and flowing nature. Any addition of a formal pathway is likely to require years of legal work to secure additional ROW and millions of dollars to construct. While this may be something to begin conversations on with Sheridan County and Johnston County Public Works Departments, there are several actions that could occur more quickly at less cost that would enhance safety for recreationists on this roadway. The easiest action would be to create some consistent signage for both motorists and non-motorized users to highlight that the Wagon Box Road receives significant non-motorized traffic. Thought could be given to creating a non-motorized historical sites connector loop, with unique signage/branding that serves both safety as well as marketing for the route. A more expensive but very actionable item would be to work with Sheridan and Johnson Counties to secure a tree trimming contractor (best if it is the Counties themselves) to trim overgrown vegetation that presents hazards and limits sight distances along the roadway. Of similar nature would be to request that Wagon Box Road receive magnesium chloride treatment for dust suppression, another less than ideal feature for any non-motorized users on a busy travelway. Finally, another relatively straightforward answer to calming traffic on the road and drawing motorists attention to nonmotorized users would be to pursue a reduced speed limit for Wagon Box Road, as well as other roadways that are selected for. Finally, modern day urban pedestrian routes often allow for equestrian soft surface travelways along the paved routes. In many cases, such as in Draper, Utah there are even crosswalk warning lights that can be activated from the saddle of a horse. There are plenty of equestrian residents who could benefit from having safe access to key destinations. If larger corridors can be secured they could double for winter cross- country ski or snowmobile routes. There should also be some thought for local/neighborhood motorized access corridors for those hoping to reach the Penrose Trail Head. 24

26 Zone 2: Story Centennial Park & Wyoming Game and Fish Lands Existing Conditions Story Centennial Park (SCP) is the cornerstone for community outdoor recreation in Story. The park currently has a small children s playground, picnic areas, a pavilion, restrooms, and parking. For more active users there is a disc golf course, baseball diamond and a large open field typically used for soccer or football. The park sits on Wyoming Game and Fish Lands with a circuit of nature trails that weave through the forest linking the Fish Hatchery and Story Centennial Park. Since there is minimal parking at SCP, most trail users and fish hatchery viewing visitors are urged to park further west along the road closer to the entrance to the Fish Hatchery parking area. Photo 3: Entry to Centennial Park on Game and Fish lands. The Fish Hatchery has several fish pools and a visitor center eager to attract more visitors, despite its standing as the #1 draw for year-round visitors to Story. Many family visitors will continue their outing by walking the nature trails that radiate outward from the pools downslope back to the parking areas closer to SCP. The nature trails wind through a old growth forest of Ponderosa Pine, with bridges crossing the main creeks that make their way downstream into Story. Some of these trails get confusing as they cross through the routes made by the disc golf course that also uses portions of this forest. To the west of the Fish Hatchery, hillside slopes become steeper as they reach the adjoining eastern boundary of the Bighorn National Forest. To the south of Fish Hatchery is the privately-owned Thornerider Youth Camp, that has similar terrain with several acres of flat wooded ground before it climbs steeply up into the Bighorns. 25

27 Recommendations Thanks to its prime location, the Fish Hatchery could serve as an excellent non-motorized gateway into the Bighorn National Forest. This would be a good start to any shared-use trail development, serving the residents first while giving visitors more recreation choices directly from Story. The terrain surrounding the Fish Hatchery is gentle and wooded all the way down to SCP and the existing nature trails could be expanded for an array of easy summer and winter outing choices. Bridges and boardwalks would be needed to cross the many braided waterways for summer use, but xc ski use during the winter months could make the most of this acreage with potential for 1-2 miles of high-quality classic ski trails. Unused nooks within the SCP area are large enough to provide small pump tracks (see Appendix) or other kid-focused, friendly bike-centric trails. With parking and other infrastructure already in place, the addition of small mountain bike progression and skill-building developments would be a simple and cost effective improvement. With nothing of the like currently happening elsewhere in Sheridan or Johnson Counties, these small, family-friendly features would guarantee more local visitors and routine visits to SCP. As one looks further westward from Story Centennial Park and the adjacent Fish Hatchery parcel, it is clear that this location could easily become the primary trail hub and access point into the Bighorn National Forest from Story. With this in mind, additional conversations should be pursued with the Wyoming Game and Fish who manages this parcel, as connections could be made throughout the slopes above to link in a trailhead to South Piney and Penrose systems. With such limited access to public lands west of Story, this is a key parcel for continued and enhanced non-motorized use. Zone 3: South Piney Creek & Penrose Trail Head Existing Conditions Though South Piney Creek Trail owes its existence to an historic two-track road, it serves well as a primary route for non-motorized trail users into the Bighorn National Forest. The grades start out very gentle allowing users to walk side by side and enjoy the sounds of the creek. By the time the road becomes steeper, users have already warmed up and are ready for the challenge. Currently the route squares off at South Piney Creek, where users either have to traverse a small cliff face or rock hop to get through the edge waters of the creek (seasonal). After this brief water avoidance the trail becomes even steeper and then tops out on a nice relatively level bench. The trail drops to another bench before continuing to a final water crossing where most users turn around or retrace steps to ascend a spur trail taking a northerly direction to link with the Penrose Trail. All total, South Piney linking to Penrose provides a 6 to 8-mile loop of some popularity with local hikers. The reason it is not more popular for hikers is likely due to the fact that to complete the circuit they have to pick their way down or up the ORV Penrose Trail as motorized users travel by at higher speed trying to keep their momentum on the steep and loose surfaced trail. 26

28 Photo 4: Entrance to Penrose Trail. Photo 5: Penrose Trailhead parking area. The Penrose Trail was originally a narrow packhorse trail that has become widened through the years from ATV use. Access to the trail is relatively easy, but the Penrose Trail starts out steep with loose material and serious consequences of exposure within just a mile of the trailhead. It has become one of the major ATV launch points into the Bighorns, of particular interest to more experienced motorcyclists. On weekends the Penrose trailhead/staging is flooded with trucks and ATV trailers. This access is a hot spot for ATV tourism, providing access to hundreds of miles of trails, roads and routes above not to mention countless destinations adjacent to the Cloud Peak Wilderness. Any trail development here would become popular based on its current popularity and ease of access. The current parking lot is dirt surface with no organizational lanes or spaces and so it becomes congested with any more than 15 vehicles. Recommendations The current staging area at Penrose could make for an excellent trailhead and launch point for a shared-use trail network. It s obvious that the parking area needs improvement and expansion to better serve the current users and the additional users that are likely to be drawn to the area. There is ample space to the west and southwest and a professionally-designed expansion and layout could make it easier for trailered vehicles while providing separate parking spaces for non-motorized users. As the slopes steepen to the west, this could provide at least two new non-motorized trail links. There is opportunity for a link to the South Piney Creek Trail and link(s) to the bench above where the Penrose Trails tops out. This would provide an essential cluster of non-motorized trail access for residents and visitors alike. Additional conversations with motorized users would determine if there is need or space for another motorized trail for that user group as well. Penrose Trail and the trails it connects to offer the ability to bring non-motorized and motorized trail users together while giving them some separation for increased safety and enjoyment. Trail maintenance in remote places can be difficult. However, in many western states, motorcycle trail advocates have become a welcome trail volunteer force. There are numerous examples of motorcycle groups taking care of singletrack in Idaho, Utah and Colorado. There is obvious evidence of ATV users looking for more additional looped outings, although the same is true for all users, whether on foot, horse, bicycle, motorcycle, ATV, UTV, or 4WD. A network could be created that gives users a comprehensive system with additional legs of trail/roads to access their favorite loops. Separation could be achieved by assigning the most appropriate terrain to each user. Nonmotorized would see access to the narrowest and most precipitous of trails. Motorized users 27

29 would see access to roads with some new purpose built trails/routes and longer connections designed with that use in mind. Partnerships and multi-user coalitions are proven ways to tackle the backlog of trail maintenance while finding funds for new trail development. All of the above users are looking for a connection to nature, so separation will be necessary as trails gain popularity. Any trails that showcase Penrose Park or provide views of Cloud Peak Wilderness will be very popular with mountain bikers especially if trails can be ridden as a loop with a descending finish. Zone 4: Fort Phil Kearny, The Fetterman Monument, & Wyoming State Trust Lands Existing Conditions Fort Phil Kearny (FPK) is managed by Wyoming State Parks, Historical Sites and Trails. It is one of the most pivotal historic sites in Wyoming. Currently there is a visitor center, a partial stockade wall (reconstruction planned in 2017) and several outlying interpretive sites. Several other historic points of interest are only a few miles away, including the Fetterman Battle, Wagon Box Fight and Portuguese Phillips s Monuments. FPK sits 2.5 miles west of Interstate 90 near the town of Story on Highway 87. The Fetterman Monument marks the spot where on December 21, 1866, U.S soldiers sustained their greatest defeat in the Indian Wars until General Custer s demise occurred 10 years later. Lodge Trail Ridge stands between the Fetterman Monument and Fort Phil Kearny. Lodge Trail Ridge extends west right into the town limits of Story with most of it held in State Lands and managed by Office of State Lands and investments Trust Land Management Division. Lodge Trail Ridge is the specific terrain trap used by Red Cloud to lure Fetterman s men over the ridge and into an awaiting ambush. Directly south of Fort Phil Kearny is Pilot Knob, where US Army sentries stood watch over the fort and could signal communications to raise the attention of wood cutting crews or nearby patrols. This hilltop has evidence of human cultural significance that predates the US Army and Red Cloud s Sioux Indians. The Wagon Box Fight Monument sits on a rim overlooking the community of Story and is remembered as another pivotal battle site in Red Cloud s War. This monument is typically the final stage in most visitors tour of the Fort Phil Kearny State Historic Site, pulling tourists towards Story. Currently there is a non-motorized trail at FPK that winds along or the creek for roughly one mile. Of the surrounding monuments, the Fetterman Battle site features a non-motorized interpretive trail of roughly x miles. Most tourists will spend less than an hour at the visitor center, then do a short stroll into the former stockade grounds before getting in their car and heading off to the next monument. December of 2016 will mark the 150 th year anniversary of the Fetterman Battle (also referred to by Native Americans as the Battle of a Hundred in the Hand ). The current park superintendent strives to relay the importance of this historic site as well as the regions significance to native people thousands of years ago. This entire region was once known by early inhabitants as the bread basket ; due to the climate, abundance of food, water and rich hunting grounds. 28

30 Photo 6: Fort Phil Kearny Stockade. Photo 7: Easterly view along Lodge Trail Ridge Recommendations Perhaps one of the most powerful ways to let people experience the vitality of this region is through trails. It is not until a person stands atop Pilot Knob, Sullivant Hill or Lodge Trail Ridge that the entire tale unfolds. Trails that could thoughtfully attract visitors to these highpoints would reward them with stellar views of the Bighorns, Story and the surrounding grasslands, not to mention amazing history lessons along the way. A stroll along Piney Creek would reveal the importance of the cool mountain water as it fills the adjacent valleys with wild game. Although these proposed trails at FPK could be used for recreation or fitness, their primary purpose would be interpretation of the historical and prehistoric significance. The most obvious and anticipated route is a proposed trail from FPK up to Pilot Knob. There could be a series of loops that may provide 4-7 miles of trail, linking the fort, the cemetery, appropriate ridges and of course Pilot Knob summit. Perhaps one of the most profound features in this entire historic zone are the saddles and low points along Lodge Trail Ridge. These gaps are where Captain Fettermans men left the relative safety of the gentle south-facing slopes and dove over and into the steeper north-facing ravines that hid 3,000 of Red Clouds warriors. Any trail that could traverse this ridge east to west would transport visitors back into time and would be an incredibly authentic and popular experience. Much of this ridge is currently used for cattle grazing, with several lessees on the portion of Wyoming State Trust Lands. These lands have contiguous connection west to Story and south to Highway 87/ Piney Creek. A series of loops could provide 4-12 miles of trail to showcase the beauty of the area while allowing users to relive the Battle of the Hundred-In- The-Hand. There is currently an overflow parking area at the Fetterman Monument that could act as a trailhead or staging area. On the opposite south side of the ridge are two landings along Highway 87/ Piney Creek. Either of could relatively easily be developed for trailheads, providing a wide range of outings including connections from Piney Creek to the Fetterman Monument. Improvements or the widening of the Highway 87 shoulder would provide cyclists connections to all of FPK s historic sites while increasing visitation to Story. 29

31 Currently, passing motorists travelling along I-90 and stopping at FPK spend little time outside their automobiles and rarely capture and understand the true beauty of this region. A comprehensive trail system would give all types of visitors a reason to stay longer and perhaps make these trails part of their destination. For most tourists the sites comprising Fort Phil Kearny are a gateway into Story and the Big Horn National Forest. Trail connectivity between the historic sites with links to Story would provide an entirely unique recreational and historical experience unequaled by any other community in the west. Zone 5: Wyoming State Trust Lands South Existing Conditions There are several adjoining sections of Wyoming State Trust Lands (STL) immediately south of Fort Phil Kearny. Unfortunately, there is a half-mile swathe of private ranch land that separates the two and so there is not a contiguous adjoining passage at this time. However, the next exit south along Interstate 90 provides easy access. This highway exit is also a popular access to Lake de Smet immediately to the east. To the west of I-90 is a secondary dirt road (Rock Creek Road) that provides public access to the STL parcels. There is currently no trailhead but two points of access are obvious, an equestrian gate to the north and a wooden pedestrian staircase over the fence just south. Much of these STL s are used for cattle grazing and there is a fast-flowing irrigation ditch traversing along the lower slopes of these ridgelines. Horse, cattle and game trails weave throughout the site, especially atop gentle ridges and saddles. There is a number of horse trails emanating from the vicinity of the HF Bar Ranch linking the adjacent Big Horn National Forest and other neighboring private parcels. This landscape has a multitude of natural terrain diversity including gentle grassy ridges to the southeast and wonderfully eroded conglomerate hoodoos and towers to the southwest. Much of the western edge butts up against forested canyons and dramatic rock formations as it connects to the Bighorn National Forest. Photo 8: View towards Lake de Smet from State Trust Lands South. 30

32 Recommendations The northern access point along Rock Creek road would make for an excellent trailhead, as it s protected from the wind and proximate to both exit 47 of I-90 and Lake de Smet. The staircase access point provides a secondary trailhead location since it sits at the low point of a prominent ridge leading westward into the Bighorns. This ridgeline and the surrounding areas have an astounding abundance of trail potential. The sideslopes are relatively gentle with sparse vegetation and very few invasive weeds or cacti. The hoodoo area is riddled with large Ponderosa Pine that provide shade and natural points of interest. The views east to Lake de Smet and west towards the Bighorns are unmatched. There was no other zone noticed during the development of this concept plan of equal value regarding ease of trail development, especially if built in the style of low impact handbuilt/volunteer supported trail construction. The existing social trails provide an immediate 6-8 miles of singletrack access into the Bighorns through Wyoming State Trust Lands, there is easily enough space for miles of very exciting trail for all skill levels of mountain bikers, hikers and equestrians. Excellent site distances further lend support to multi-use trails in this area. Depending on appropriate corridors there are several existing roads and routes that connect to Story. Private lands and inholdings would be avoided while looking to create new loops and returns showcasing the natural beauty of the Story area. Photo 9: View from State Trust Lands South the Rock Creek proposed Wilderness. Even though the Rock Creek road access is under a half an hour drive from Story there is solid connectivity potential. Many of the nation s most popular trail destination communities do not have immediate access and yet are thriving communities due to the trail s success. Races, events and scheduled rides that base or finish up in Story are simple ways of reaping economic gain from trails. Lake de Smet is a wonderful body of water and could easily be used as part of endurance racing, multi-sport or adventure race events. When trails are buried under snow in the Bighorns, trails within Zone 5 might already be dry. With the popularity of fat bikes, 31

33 mountain bikes able to ride in snow (on packed trails) winter events could be held that include laps on the frozen Lake de Smet and navigating the snow packed trails of STL. Most State Trust Lands continue to use these lands as public education funding sources using profits gained from rangeland grazing, mineral, gas and oil extraction. Today there have been other proven ways of providing funding through methods of recreation and conservation. Trail development is becoming a popular way to preserve open space while providing recreation. The lower slopes of these STL parcels are gentle enough to create mountain bike trails that are beginner friendly. The most exciting new trend in mountain biking right now is middle school and high school racing. The National Interscholastic Cycling Association is always on the lookout for new race venues large enough to accommodate these types of trails. The proximity to I-90 and I-25 puts this zone on the map. Having the town of Story less than 30 minutes away is also a welcome requirement if business owners are ready for a spike in visitation This zone has not been vetted or discussed with current land managers, ranchers or hunters. At the time of this report there was very little evidence of human trail use. Discussions should be sought with the land managers and leases regarding potential contraindication for trail development. If there could be conflict during specific hunting seasons or big game calving, trails and zone could be shut down from use at that time. Zone 6: Bighorn National Forest South Existing Conditions Zone 6 would be primarily from South Piney Creek south to North Rock Creek Trail with potential connections to Penrose Park and Willow Park Reservoir. Much of the BNF lands directly to the southwest of Story look to be appropriate for trail development pending land manager directives and approvals. The proposed Rock Creek wilderness area intends to expand the current Cloud Peak Wilderness eastward while maintaining motorized ORV access to Penrose Park and Willow Park Reservoir. It is doubtful that much thought was given to mountain bikers who would lose access to dozens of backcountry single track trail in the proposed wilderness. For the scope of this document there was little scouting in the proposed wilderness area, however the furthest northeast trail in the proposed wilderness was assessed for mountain bike use (trail 040 The North Rock Creek Trail). Photo 10: Existing trail in the North Rock Creek vicinity. 32

34 Recommendations The current access for Zone 6 would be following the existing South Piney Creek trail westward until terrain features allow for a proper bridge crossing, then follow contours southward. Potential trails could extend southward or loop back towards Penrose Park or the upper reaches of South Piney Creek. The existing trail #040 the North Rock Creek Trail could be considered for advanced mountain bike, equestrian and hiking use. This does provide an integral link/loop from Story into the southern Wyoming State Trust Lands. Trail #040 would then become the southern boundary of Zone 6. It would mean working closely with the BNF and Wyoming Wilderness to amend their current Rock Creek Wilderness Proposal. Using Ditch Creek and North Rock Creek Trail as the northern boundary for the wilderness while providing non-motorized shared-use access from Story through BNF lands into WSTL. The intend would not be to inject mountain biking into the Rock Creek road less area but to provide a thoughtful trail network that gives that user a brief glimpse into that natural beauty. The North Rock Creek Trail provides a big picture connection, giving mountain bikers a taste of the wilderness (and with a new boundary amendment they would be outside the proposed wilderness area). This could be a win-win situation where mountain bikers (IMBA) side with WWA to help preserve this wild and rare landscape while gaining new trail for all non-motorized use. Zone 7: Bighorn National Forest West Existing Conditions Zone 7 is located entirely on lands managed by the Bighorn National Forest north and east of the existing Cloud Peak Wilderness area. While the area has some existing non-motorized trails, it is dominated by motorized recreation and motorized two-track roadways. These existing motorized two-tracks do provide for connectivity for all types of trail users from Story via Penrose Trail to the Red Grade Road in the vicinity of Poverty Flats, adjacent to the proposed Red Grade Trails System. That said, most non-motorized recreationists will find the existing motorized roadways difficult in their current condition as well as well-used by the motorized community during summer and fall seasons. Along the western edge of Zone 7 there are multiple reservoirs which provide high value recreation primarily to campers and day-trip users. An exception is the Spear-O-Wigwam property, currently owned with a USFS lease by Sheridan Community College. Recommendations There is excellent potential to link or extend trails from the proposed Red Grade Road Trails System in this zone ultimately providing connection to the western reservoirs as well as to Little Goose Campground and even Penrose Park. Potential trails along portions of the reservoirs could be designed with non-motorized water-based recreation in mind, while providing access into bigger backcountry outings. Equestrian use could be developed here if desired, as well as more trails for the Spear O Wigwam property. Currently there are multiple historically used equestrian and hiking trails near Spear-O-Wigwam which may represent immediate opportunities for improvement, sustainability, and multiple use. Across this zone, existing double-track spurs which in many cases have been removed from motorized use could be organized into purposeful loops and formal non-motorized trail conversions. This is an excellent way of recycling existing routes while closing down prolific and redundant travel routes not designed for limited non-motorized recreation. 33

35 Trail Design and Construction Trail Design and Sustainability The specific alignment of the trail tread should be built to accommodate mountain bicyclists, as this user group obtains speeds greater than a hiker or runner. Comprehensive trail design, construction guidance and bike park planning can be found in Trail Solutions: IMBA s Guide to Building Sweet Singletrack, Managing Mountain Biking: IMBA s Guide to Providing Great Riding and Bike Parks: IMBA s Guide to New School Trails are all published by IMBA. Below are some basic trail design sustainability guidelines as described in the above-mentioned books. A sustainable trail sheds water off of the trail while keeping users on the trail. A trail s location, alignment, grade, drainage, and soil texture are the most critical factors affecting sustainability. The most sustainable trail design is a rolling contour trail, characterized by a sidehill location, a gentle trail grade, grade reversals, and an outsloped tread that tilts slightly toward the outer edge. When applied collectively, the nine principles below create sustainable trails that are low maintenance, fun to use, and that help manage risk, environmental impact, and user conflict. The best location for trails is on sidehills, as opposed to flatter terrain like meadows, or valley floors. Trails should gently traverse the slope, rather than traveling directly up or down it. Trails that directly ascend the hillside are known as fall line trails. To ensure a sustainable alignment, a trail s grade should never exceed half the grade of the sidehill it is located on. The average slope of the trail should generally average 10%. Typically, the maximum sustainable trail grade is about 15% for short distances, but it could be as low as 3% or 4%, or as high as 25% depending on various factors. A grade reversal is a spot at which a trail briefly changes elevation, dropping subtly before rising again. This change in grade forces water to exit the trail at the low point of the grade reversal, before it can gain more volume, momentum, and erosive power. The downhill or outer edge of the trail tread should tilt slightly down and away from the high side. This is called outslope, and it encourages water to sheet across and off the trail in a gentle, non-erosive manner instead of funneling down the trail s center. Most trail should be built with a 5% outslope. Some soils are durable and drain well while others are fragile, and erode quickly. Trail design and maintenance should be adjusted to soils. Proper trail design with gentle grades and sidehill location can minimize soil displacement. In areas with loose soils or high traffic, consistent flow, insloped turns, and tread hardening are also frequently necessary. As in design, it is strongly recommended that a trail building professional play a significant role in construction and improvements of the natural surface trails. It is also strongly recommend that the consultant/contractor understand the specific needs, materials, and techniques associated with trailbuilding. The use of contractors primarily experienced in road or general construction is not recommended, as these firms and individuals are not versed in the needs of trail users. 34

36 Trail Flow With good flow, the speed at which a rider travels on the trail should be fairly consistent, and the rider will not have to brake and accelerate frequently. Transitions between faster and slower flow need to be gradual, with progressively increasing and decreasing turn radii and frequent uphill segments to reduce speed where needed. Steep downhill grades should not come right before tight turns. Adjusting the inslope and outslope (camber) of the trail tread to match the flow also helps riders stay on the trail and allows higher speeds. Signage and Wayfinding The development of a Story-centric trail network requires the development of a comprehensive system of signs for the trail system as well as branding. Signs are the most important communication tool between land managers and trail users. A well-implemented and maintained signage system enhances the user experience, helps visitors navigate the trail network, and provides information about the area. Signage also plays a critical role in managing risk and deploying emergency services. Recommended signage for the trails should be simple, uncluttered and obvious, with a sign at every major intersection to help users stay on track. Signs should meet the needs of all users, from the savvy, daily trail user to someone who is experiencing the trails for the first time. In order to serve this variety of visitors, sign placement should be strategic and frequent. Because signs can intrude on the natural outdoor experience, balancing competing interests is key to developing a successful signage program. A variety of signs can be created to help users identify trails and their location, select routes, remain confident in their trail choices, guide users to destinations and key points of interest, provide information on regulations and allowed uses, learn about responsible recreation and trail etiquette, learn about resource protection, and reduce risk and hazards. Signs can be informational/directional, regulatory/warning, and educational/interpretive. Directional signs provide navigational information, from a simple blaze to elaborate maps. Informational signs, usually positioned at the trailhead, provide details such as trail length and difficulty. These include trailhead identification signs (from a road), signs at a trailhead kiosk (with a complete map and description of all the nearby trails and facilities, local regulations, emergency contact information, and educational messages), trail intersection signs, waymarks, difficulty rating signs, and trail length or elevation gain/loss signs. Regulatory signs delineate rules, such as prohibited activities, direction of travel, or other restrictions. Warning signs are used to caution trail users of upcoming hazards or risks. These include visitor rules and regulations signs, allowed activities, road/trail intersections, and emergency signs. Educational signs provide guidelines for responsible recreation and trail etiquette. Interpretive signs describe natural or cultural resources. These include education/responsible use signs, and interpretive signs. 35

37 Project Costs Opinion The terrain surrounding Story is truly diverse, with the grassland ridges of Lodge Trail Ridge and the South Wyoming State Trust Lands representing the easiest of trail building terrain. Narrow handbuilt single track with using volunteer or youth corps construction teams could run as low as $4 per foot for these areas (depending on the intended skill level). To the west of Story along the eastern slopes of the Bighorns terrain is radically different, as sideslopes increase and so does the rock. Rock formations are robust and frequent with difficult outcroppings and eroded drainages. Projects of this nature in this area could cost $5 - $12 per foot. However, in order to realize the vision of this concept design, we estimate construction would average approximately $8 per foot. The approximate construction cost is based upon experience on similar projects. The costs are for construction only, and do not include planning, design, permitting, easements/purchases, trailhead development, erosion control, or project management. Photo 11: Rock formation west and north of Penrose Trail, just outside Story. This additional upfront investment ensures that the investment made in planning is maximized and that the trail system becomes a destination trail system of regional significance that effectively meets the needs of its users, is built to last, and reflects well upon all partners. Developing trail that closely reflects the existing trail conditions will not allow the opportunities associated with this system to be capitalized upon. Local volunteer labor should be limited to smaller projects and organized maintenance efforts. Typically, volunteer groups vary in interest, experience, and numbers. Designing projects that can be completed in one day and that create a high sense of ownership keeps volunteer groups motivated, which creates a more solid core of volunteers who can take care of future trail maintenance and construction. 36

38 Signage and maintenance are a re-occurring cost throughout the life a trail. Trail maintenance is typically performed every 1-3 years with an emphasis on sustainability and making sure it meets the needs of the users. Maintenance costs vary depending on both natural and user-based factors, including heavy rain events, drought, heavy use during wet periods, tree fall, and excessive soil shear through use, water, and wind. Typical maintenance costs are around 5-10% of the trails capital cost every 1-3 years. This assumes that the trail was designed and built by professionals, using accepted construction practices. To control costs, a hybrid construction approach can be used, where the professional oversees the project and performs specialized tasks, such as equipment operation, and the work is augmented by local volunteers or community staff who can help with lower risk activities such as corridor clearing, tread finishing, and trail blazing. This approach also fosters a sense of ownership in the project by area residents through their sweat and labor. 37

39 Summary/Conclusion The community of Story is geographically poised to play a major role in the trail opportunities in the Bighorn National Forest (BNF). Due to Story s fortunate proximity with nearby BNF it really has enormous potential, albeit it will take strong partnerships with the landowners and public land managers whose lands stand between Story and the Bighorn National Forest. The Wyoming Game and Fish Department, the Thorne Rider Youth Camp, and a section of private property are the three most important parcels holding the key to improving trail access from Story into the Bighorns. Well-placed (and secured) trail through these lands would create the loops yearned for by engaged residents. Trails on these lands could be crafted that do not interfere or conflict with the current missions of their current landowners. To the east of Story is another very strong public lands partner Wyoming State Parks, Historical Sites and Trails. This land agency has proven itself as a leader in shared use and mountain bike trail development. IMBA Trail Solutions has collaborated on 4 Wyoming State Parks trails master plans including Curt Gowdy, Glendo, Guernsey and Bear River State Parks. Each of these parks (except for Guernsey as no trails have been constructed yet) have become models for economic boosts to the local economy through trails. In the case of Fort Phil Kearny and the surrounding monuments these trails will have a much more important role in telling the tale of Story and it s significance in the shaping of Wyoming. Lodge Trail Ridge primarily managed by Wyoming State Trust Lands is a vital link from town to the most important historical sites that gave Story it s character. The large STL section parcels south of Fort Phil Kearny hold their own endearing beauty. These gentle ridges tell another story, one of natural beauty and the porthole from grasslands to mountain forests. No other lands showcase the Rock Creek roadless area as well, in this case trails here would provide a front row seat to those dramatic rocky outcrops and wilderness views. One can only imagine trails up high that allow for vistas into the Cloud Peak Wilderness and proposed Rock Creek Wilderness areas. Low elevations can be just as integral as high elevations for MTB trail development. For instance the existing access points on Rock Creek road sit at just above 5,000 ft. with the elevation of Lake De Smet at 4,600 and Little Goose Peak at 9,358 ft. There is nearly a 4,000 ft. vertical drop from the Bighorns down to Rock Creek road. Rolling descents of this magnitude do not exist everywhere and are very sought out be mountain bikers. These longer distances, and sheer vertical provide windows into several eco-zones. Story has ample natural diversity since town sits at the transition from grasslands to pine forest with subalpine above and alpine lakes not far away. The Bighorn Mountains are truly a unique range, very different than the Black Hills or the Front Range of Colorado. This one of a kind natural beauty will attract trail users from far away places, especially mountain bikers looking for solitude and adventure. Connectivity does not always mean it has to have direct links; some of the most successful shared use trail systems are hours away from their host town or launch point. It is crucial to understand that the most optimal or popular trail destinations are those that are part of a regional destination. So for instance, if the proposed Red Grade Trails in nearby Bighorn become highly successful this will only help to put Story on the map. Mountain bikers travelling to places that have over 30 miles of trail are more apt to spend multiple nights in town, often requiring local lodging and food. 38

40 Mountain bike trail development is often initiated to attract visitors but residents ultimately reap the rewards. Aging trail networks get a fresh boost of volunteer manpower when including mountain bikers into the mix. IMBA estimates that collectively, mountain bikers give back close to one million hours of volunteer labor every year in the U.S. alone. Mountain bikers are a sophisticated, active, hardworking, and generous user group, able to harness great resources towards trail development and maintenance. Photo 12: A rider navigates a section of existing trail in the vicinity of South Piney Creek. 39