Macedon. History 290 Oakton Community College November 7, 2011
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1 Macedon History 290 Oakton Community College November 7, 2011
2 Philip of Macedon BC Alexander the Great BC Hellenistic Period BC
3 Macedon
4 Chalcidice Thrace Thessaly Olynthus Potidea Amphipolis Chersonesus Pydna Methone Charonea Pella Phocis Pherae Important places
5 Problems with Macedonian History 1. Demosthenes branded Macedonians as barbarians 2. Location 1. Turkish occupation 2. Instability 3. Disputes 3. Philip s image
6 Sources 1. Topography 2. Archaeology 3. Literary 1. Thucydides 2. Isocartes and Aeshines 3. Diodorus 4. Hellenistic sources 1. Papyrus 2. Fragments from Roman writers 5. All biased
7 Geography 1. Balkan Peninsula 1. Continental 1. Cold winters 2. hot summers 3. Narrow range of mean monthly rainfall 2. Mediterranean 1. Moderate 2. Generally warmer 3. More variation in rainfall
8 Natural Resources 1. Good rainfall 2. Rivers 3. Arable land 4. forests 5. Minterals 1. Gold and silver 2. No copper or tin 3. Primitive mining technology
9 Early Macedonian History Neolithic Bronze Age Mycenaean Age A disorganized state with a poorly trained, primitive army, and constant violence struggles over succession, and surrounded by similar, warlike nations north and west, Illyria east, Thrace south, Thessaly
10 Macedonians Origins obscure Temenus, a relative of Hercules Ancestors of Perdiccas Argos Makes them all Hellenes or does it? Ethic identity language Culture Political, social, economic Contemporary beliefs
11 Political Institutions Centered On King Personal Charisma And Ability Personal Powers Alliances Rituals and Festivals Foreign Policy Appointed Own Successor Input by royal family, important nobles and military chiefs
12 Kings Alexander I Sister, Gygaea, married Persian commander Earth and water Submitted to Mardonius in 492 First Persian War Timber to Athens With Persians at Plataea Perdiccas II Persia and Athens Amphipolis Archelaus Turning south Pella
13 Illyrian alliance Eurydice Alexander Perdiccas Philip Alliances Wreath - Vergina Amyntas III
14 Alexander II 370/69 368/7 Ptolemy Military reform Alliances Thebes Hostages Killed by Ptolemy Issues foreign alliances to maintain power, dynastic turmoil, poorly trained military
15 Ptolemy Regent Perdiccas Philip Forced Theban alliance Assassinated 365
16 Perdiccas III Alliances Amphipolis Death in Illyrian invasion in 360/59
17 Philip II of Macedon Goals Consolidation Expansion Methods Military Diplomatic
18 Philip II Chaos Threats Pretenders Thrace Athens Illyrians Paeonians Control by 358 Amphipolitan coin Early 4 th century
19
20
21 Chersonesus
22
23 Military Reform Equipment Sarissa Small shields peltasts not hoplites Metal helmet Short sword Phalanx Cavalry Siege engines catapult Discipline and morale Example New title Pezhetairoi Hetairoi Pages Recruits Hostages Force and negotiation
24 Deep phalanx with sarissas
25 Expansion Amphipolis Pydna Philippi Battle of the Crocus Field Results 3 rd Sacred War
26 Athens Trials and tyrants Economic devastation from war Building 2 nd Athenian League Ignore Philip at own cost
27 Social War /4 Revolt from 2 nd Athenian League Caria and Mausolus Issues with Athens Samos Cos, Rhodes, Chios Revolt Peace Artaxerxes III
28
29 Mausoleum
30
31 Peace of Philocrates 346 Athens yields Amphipolis Agrees that Phocis and Thrace are excluded from treaty Athens and 2 nd Athenian League become allies of Philip and his descendants
32 Thrace Athenian grain fleet 340 Athens, Megara, Messenia Charonea League of Corinth 338 Assassination 336
33 Changes in the polis Political theory Plato Aristotle Dionysius I of Syracuse
34 Alexander the Great Sources Inheritance Conquest 334 BC Granicus River 333 BC Issus Gordium 331 BC Gaugamela Alexandria 326 BC - India
35 Themes East to the sea Divinity - despotism Fusion Military Marriage administration
36 Legacy Hellenism Language Culture economy Polis to kingdom
37
38 Successors Ptolemy Egypt, Ancestor of Cleopatra VII Seleucus Babylonia, East to India Antigonus Macedonia, Greece
39 Seleucus
40 Antigonus
41 Pella
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