STANDARDIZACIJA I SERTIFIKACIJA - DOSADAÅÑA ISKUSTVA U SVETU I KOD NAS

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1 UDK * Struøni rad STANDARDIZACIJA I SERTIFIKACIJA - DOSADAÅÑA ISKUSTVA U SVETU I KOD NAS ÆORÆE JOVIÕ Izvod: Ciç celog istraÿivaøkog projekta sertifikacije odrÿivog gazdovaña åumama je bila analiza potencijalnog uticaja ovakve sertifikacije na poboçåañe gazdovaña åumama, zaåtitu trÿiånog potencijala drveta i dodatno vrednovañe proizvodñe drveta. Specifiøni ciçevi analize potencijalnog uticaja sertifikacije odrÿivog gazdovaña åumama na politiku bili su ocena uticaja (direktnih i sekundarnih) i troåkovna efikasnost programa sertifikacije graæe kao i moguõnost ocene produkcije drveta. Znaøaj åuma i naøin na koji druåtvo organizuje ñihovo koriåõeñe i definiåe odrÿivo gazdovañe åumama znaøajno se razlikuje åirom sveta. U radu su navedena iskustva i obim sertifikacije odrÿivog gazdovaña u svetu i u nas. Kçuøne reøi: sertifikacija, odrÿivo gazdovañe åumama, standardi, FSC, PEFC, ISO, lanac odgovornosti. STANDARDISATION AND CERTIFICATION - PREVIOUS EXPERIENCES IN THE WORLD AND IN OUR COUNTRY Abstract: The aim of the research project certification of sustainable forest management was the analysis of the potential effect of such certification on the enhancement of forest management, protection of the matket potential of timber and the additional evaluation of timber production. The specific aims of the analysis of the potential effect of certification of sustainable forest management on the policy were the assessment of effects (direct and secondary) and cost efficacy of the program of sawn timber certification, as well as the potential assessment of timber production. The significance of forests and the methods how the society organises forest utilisation and how the sustainable forest management is defined differ significantly throughout the world. This paper deals with some experiences and the scope of certification of sustainable management in the world and in our country. Key words: certification, sustainable forest management, standards, FSC, PEFC, ISO, chain of custody. 1. UVOD Sertifikacija, uopåte, je alat za promovisañe dobrog gazdovaña åumama. Ima snaÿnu ekonomsku komponentu. Oceñuje se gazdovañe åumama i åumski proizvodi. Osnov za sertifikaciju su Panevropski kriterijumi i indikatori odrÿivog gazdovaña åumama. Da bi se pristupilo sertifikaciji nisu neophodni nacionalni standardi, veõ se polazi od kriterijuma i indikatora odrÿivog gazdovaña åumama. Mr Æoræe Joviõ, istraÿivaø saradnik, Institut za åumarstvo, Beograd. Rad je finansiran od strane Ministarstva nauke i zaåtite ÿivotne sredine i JP Srbijaåume u okviru projekta TR-6804.A: Metod procene kvaliteta i sortimentne strukture visokih sastojina bukve u Srbiji. OKTOBAR DECEMBAR,

2 Standarde koji se koriste u sertifikaciji mogu ustanoviti pojedinci ili posebno telo za sertifikaciju. Kao tipiøan sluøaj, standardi koji se koriste u sertifikaciji su razvijeni kroz proces obimnih konsultacija koje ukçuøuju razliøite interesne grupe, kao i meæunarodne zahteve. Standardi nisu obavezujuõi, ali sa druge strane, mogu biti doneti dekretom vlade. Standardi su referentni dokumenti i kao takvi, ima ih mnogo. Ipak, meæunarodna sertifikacija odrÿivog gazdovaña åumama zahteva standardizaciju karakteristiønih dokumenata do nivoa uporeæivaña, bilo da su one dobro ureæene, trajno ureæene ili druge. Da bi se postiglo meæunarodno razumevañe onoga åto øini odrÿivo gazdovañe åumama, u sferi politike i istraÿivaña uøiñeno je mnogo. Åumarska sertifikacija moÿe se definisati kao proces koji rezultira pisanim dokumentom (sertifikatom) donetim od strane treõe nezavisne organizacije kojim se utvræuje lokacija i status gazdovaña åumom iz koje drvo potiøe. Obiøno postoje dve komponente: Oceñivañe gazdovaña åumama ili pregled åuma koji ukçuøuje inspekciju gazdovaña åumama na terenu u okviru navedenih standarda i pregled dokumenata, kao åto su planovi gazdovaña, planovi koriåõeña, itd. Oceñivañe gazdovaña åumama moÿe biti sprovedeno na razliøitim nivoima gazdinska jedinica, vlasnik åuma, region ili zemça. Postojeõi programi oceñivaña deluju na nivou gazdinske jedinice. Oceñivañe proizvoda (sertifikacija) treba da utiøe na izbor kupca pri kupovini, proces oceñivaña treba da prati proizvod kroz ceo proizvodni proces, od åume do prodavnice. Sertifikacija zato primeñuje ceo lanac nadzora koji ukçuøuje transport trupca i primarnu preradu, daçi transport i finalnu preradu. Sertifikacija ima dva glavna ciça: da poboçåa menaœment u åumama kao prirodnom resursu; da obezbedi pristup trÿiåtu za sertifikovanu graæu. 2. METOD RADA U ovom radu je izvråena analiza podataka koji se odnose na standardizaciju i sertifikaciju åuma u svetu. Pre analitiøkog postupka bilo je neophodno sakupçañe, vrednovañe, selekcionisañe, sistematizovañe i aÿurirañe informacija o svim elementima ove problematike. Reøju, bilo je neophodno obezbediti kompleksnu bazu podataka. 3. STAÑE U SVETU Sertifikaciju trenutno sprovode nevladine organizacije i privatne kompanije, neke na nacionalnom, a neke na meæunarodnom nivou. Procena je bazirana na specifiønim socijalnim, ekoloåkim i ekonomskim kriterijumima. Meæu organizacijama koje se najøeåõe pomiñu na meæunarodnom nivou su: Åumarski savet za sertifikaciju (FSC), Inicijativa za pa- 112 [UMARSTVO 4

3 nevropsku sertifikaciju åuma (PEFC) i Meæunarodna organizacija za standardizaciju (ISO). Åumarski savet za sertifikaciju (FSC) Åumarski savet za sertifikaciju (FSC) je organizacija koja promoviåe odgovorno gazdovañe åumama. Kroz konsultantske procese FSC postavça meæunarodne standarde odgovornog gazdovaña åumama. Postoje dve vrste sertifikata koji su na raspolagañu akreditovanim sertifikacionim telima FSC - a. To su: Gazdovañe åumama (Forest management) i Nadzorni lanac ili lanac odgovornosti (Chain of custody). Tokom posledñih 10 godina, u skladu sa FSC standardima, sertifikovano je 64,4 miliona hektara åuma i plantaÿa u 65 zemaça u svetu. Izdato je ukupno 737 sertifikata za gazdovañe åumama i nadzorni lanac ili lanac odgovornosti. Na grafikonu 1 prikazane su zemçe sa najveõom povråinom pod sertifikovanim åumama po standardima FSC. izvor: Grafikon 1 Nekoliko hiçada proizvoda od drveta (koje je sertifikovano po FSC standardima) nosi na sebi zaåtitni znak FSC - a. FSC ima mreÿu nacionalnih inicijativa u viåe od 34 zemçe u svetu. Na grafikonu 2 prikazana je povråina sertifikovanih åuma prema poreklu, kao i broj sertifikata u ovim åumama. OKTOBAR DECEMBAR,

4 izvor: Grafikon 2 Na grafikonu se vidi da je najveõi broj sertifikata (313) i najveõa povråina sertifikovanih åuma (56,21%) u prirodnim sastojinama. Po vlasniåtvu najveõa povråina sertifikovanih åuma je u privatnom vlasniåtvu (50,30%), zatim u drÿavnom vlasniåtvu (46,78%). Inicijativa za panevropsku sertifikaciju åuma (PEFC) Panevropska inicijativa za uspostavçañe sistema sertifikacije poøela je sa primenom u avgustu godine. Sistem koristi Panevropske kriterijume, indikatore, kao i Panevropske operativne smernice usvojene na Ministarskoj konferenciji o zaåtiti åuma u Evropi kao preporuku i osnov za standarde i zahteva ocenu treõe strane. Ovaj proces je prvenstveno inicijativa vlasnika privatnih åuma koji teÿe da se boçe prilagode situaciji sa mnogo malih åumskih poseda, åto znaøi da bi trebalo da bude pogodan za uslove porodiønih poseda kakvih je najviåe u Evropi. Formalno predstavçañe sistema je obavçeno u Parizu, u junu 1999 godine. Organizacija PEFC-a sastoji se iz panevropskih i nacionalnih organizacija. Na panevropskom nivou postoje dve organizacije: Generalna skupåtina saveta PEFC i Savet direktora (koji zapoåçava generalnog sekretara). Na nacionalnom nivou mora postojati Nacionalno rukovodeõe telo. Nacionalna rukovodeõa tela su uspostavçena radi iniciraña i upravçaña primenom PEFC åeme u svojim zemçama. U nacionalnim telima treba da budu predstavçene sve relevantne zainteresovane strane. Nacionalna rukovodeõa tela mogu da se prijave za ølanstvo u savetu PEFC-a i ostvare pravo glasa u Generalnoj skupåtini. Zadatak nacionalnih tela je da razviju standarde za sertifikaciju u svojim zemçama. 114 [UMARSTVO 4

5 U ølanstvu PEFC-a nalazi se 31 nezavistan sistem za sertifikaciju åuma, a 18 ovih sistema proålo je kroz rigorozni proces provere staña, putem javnih konsultacija i koriåõeña usluga nezavisnih konsultanata, za dobijañe odreæene procene na osnovu koje ølanovi donose zajedniøke odluke. Ovih 18 åema se nalazi na preko 100 miliona hektara, sa viåemilionskom proizvodñom u tonama na trÿiåtu sertifikovane drvne graæe, øineõi time PEFC najveõom svetskom sertifikacionom åemom. Iz sledeõe tabele moÿe se videti pregled zemaça i povråine pod åumom sertifikovane po sertifikacionoj åemi PEFC-a, broj izdatih sertifikata po sistemu nadzornog lanca odgovornosti kao i broj korisnika logoa PEFC: Tabela 1 Information updated on 30/09/2005 Certified forest area (ha) Number of C-O-C certificates Number of PEFC logo users Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Chile Italy Japan Latvia Luxembourg Netherlands Norway PEFC Council Portugal Slovak republic Spain Sweden Switzerland UK Total izvor: OKTOBAR DECEMBAR,

6 Meæunarodna organizacija za standardizaciju (ISO) ISO je svetska federacija nacionalnih tela za standardizaciju. Ñena namera je da razvije dobrovoçne standarde koji õe olakåati meæunarodnu trgovinu. U 80-tim godinama ISO je razvio ISO 9000 seriju standarda za upravçañe kvalitetom. Kao reakcija na inicijativu FSC kanadska industrija celuloze i papira, zajedno sa australijskom industrijom, predloÿila je da ISO razvije åumarski standard. U godini ISO je zapoøeo konsultacije o specifiønim standardima baziranim na trajnom gazdovañu åumama u okviru serije o sistemima upravçaña ÿivotnom sredinom. Radna grupa u okviru Tehniøkog komiteta za ISO (TC 207) naknadno je poøela rad na dotiønim standardima. Ipak, kako specifiøni sektorski standardi nisu predviæeni u okviru serije ISO 14000, dokument koji je nastao nudi samo uputstvo na dobrovoçnoj bazi za åumarske organizacije za primenu ove serije standarda u åumarstvu. U martu godine ISO je usvojio izveåtaj tehniøkog komiteta. On je ugraæen u okvir serije ISO kao ISO tehniøki izveåtaj (ISO/TR 14061). Od najveõe vaÿnosti u seriji ISO su standardi upravçaña ÿivotnom sredinom ISO i ISO Ovi standardi omoguõavaju organizaciji da sistematski pristupi oceñivañu meæudejstva svojih aktivnosti, proizvoda i usluga sa ÿivotnom sredinom. U septembru posle samo tri godine intenzivnog razvoja koji je ukçuøio preko 60 zemaça standardi ISO i ISO objavçeni su kao meæunarodni i usvojeni istovremeno kao evropski standardi. Broj izdatih sertifikata za ISO i åema za oceñivañe eko-menaœmenta (EMAS) u svetu, moÿe se videti na grafikonu 3. Iz ovog pregleda vidi se da broj sertifikata za ISO standard iznosi u celom svetu. Najviåe sertifikata je izdato u Japanu (18.104) i Kini (8.885). U Evropi, prve po broju izdatih sertifikata su Åpanija (6.523) i Engleska (6.223). U naåoj zemçi u ovom trenutku, izdato je 46 ovakvih sertifikata. Mora se napomenuti da su u ovom pregledu navedeni sertifikati koji su izdati ne samo u åumarstvu, veõ i u industriji, tako da se ne moÿe steõi potpun uvid u zastupçenost ovih sertifikata u åumarstvu. Åto se tiøe situacije u naåoj zemçi, nijedan sertifikat ISO nije izdat u åumarstvu veõ se oni odnose uglavnom na industriju (hemijska, prehrambena, farmaceutska, obojena metalurgija i sl.). Iz pregleda se vidi da je stañe u drÿavama bivåe Jugoslavije sledeõe: Slovenija ima 288 sertifikata, Hrvatska 84, Bosna i Hercegovina 10 i Makedonija 1. Ostali standardi Osim veõ navedenih glavnih sertifikacionih åema postoje i mnoge druge, koje su uglavnom ograniøene na pojedine zemçe i imaju lokalni znaøaj. Ove sertifikacione åeme, takoæe, polaze od panevropskih kriterijuma i indikatora odrÿivog gazdovaña åumama kao osnova za sertifikaciju. 116 [UMARSTVO 4

7 The numbers of the other countries missing in the diagram are as follows; Latvia:91, Greece:90, Croatia:84, Vietnum:56, Costa Rica:52, Peru:51, Syrian Arab Republic:48, Serbia and Montenegro:46, Belarus:43, Uruguay:42, Jordan and Luxembourg:39, Pakistan:38, Ukraine:36, Tunisia:30, Cyprus:27, Bulgaria:26, Liechtenstein:22, Sri Lanka and Morocco:21, Venezuela:20, Zimbabwe:19, Saudi Arabia:17, Bolivia and Ghana:14, Bahrain:13, Ecuador and Mauritius:11, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macau and Nigeria:10, Qatar:9, Kenya:8, Kuwait, Trinidad & Tobago, Lebanon and Bangladesh:7, Puerto Rico, Honduras, Kazakhstan and Oman:6, Palestine, Azerbaijan, Swadiland, Iceland and Namibia:5, Botswana, Tanzania, Brunei, Guyana, Malta, Paraguay, Jamaica and Uganda:4, Algeria, Guatemala, Barbados, Turmenistan, Senegal, Malawi, El Salvador and Monaco:3, Andora, Belize, Cameroon, Greenland, Papua New Guinea, Myanmar, Niger, Panama, Nepal, San Marino and Zambia:2, Cambodia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Fiji, FYR of Macedonia, Mozanbique, Saint Lucia, Sudan, Seycgelles, Madagascar and Nicaragua:1 izvor: isoworld¼yahoo.co.jp Jedan od ovakvih primera su tzv. "Standardi ÿivih åuma" koji se primeñuju u Norveåkoj. Ovaj projekat koji je zaÿiveo u Norveåkoj poøeo je sa ostvarivañem kada je 27. marta godine radna grupa, sastavçena od vlasnika åuma, izglasala 23 standarda "Ÿivih åuma". Ovi standardi su bazirani na panevropskim kriterijumima i indikatorima odrÿivog gazdovaña åumama. U Norveåkoj, åume zauzimaju povråinu od 12 miliona hektara, od øega je 80% porodiøno - privatno vlasniåtvo. Postoji pribliÿno vlasnika åuma sa proseønom povråinom poseda od 50 hektara. Ovaj projekat ima buœet od 3.5 miliona evra od kojih polovinu finansiraju vlasnici åuma, a polovinu norveåka vlada. 4. STAÑE U SRBIJI Grafikon 3: Ukupna povråina åuma u Srbiji iznosi ha od øega je povråina na Kosovu i Metohiji ha, u Vojvodini ha i centralnoj Srbiji ha (Me da re viõ, M. 1993). Struktura åuma u drÿavnom OKTOBAR DECEMBAR,

8 vlasniåtvu je sledeõa: visoke raznodobne åume zauzimaju 38,9%, visoke jednodobne åume 11,3%, izdanaøke åume 36,6%, åikare 5,7%, åibçaci 4,3% i lisniøke åume 0,1% po povråini. U åumskom fondu dominira bukva (60% po zapremini). U ukupnoj povråini åuma u centralnoj Srbiji bukove åume uøestvuju sa 47.11% (visoke åume 56,72%, izdanaøke 44,33% i åikare 8,23%). Danaåñe stañe åuma u naåoj zemçi karakteriåe: stepen åumovitosti od 27,4 % u odnosu na optimalni stepen od 41,4%, pri øemu je stañe nepovoçno uøeåõe visokih åuma i plantaÿa od 45,7 % uøeåõe izdanaøkih åuma od 45,5 % uøeåõe åikara i åibçaka od 8,3% uøeåõe lisniøkih åuma od 0,5% Proseøna visina zapremine je 107 m 3 /ha, a tekuõeg zapreminskog prirasta 2,6 m 3 /ha åto je 40-50% u odnosu na proceñeni optimum. Od ukupne obrasle povråine drÿavne åume øine 50,2%, a privatne åume 49,8%. Osnovni ciçevi i sadrÿaj politike u odnosu prema åumi je da se poveõa åumovitost i poboçåa zateøeno stañe åuma Republike. Trenutno, u Srbiji se ne primeñuje ni jedna od veõ navedenih sertifikacionih åema odrÿivog gazdovaña åumama, åto znaøi da Srbija nema sertifikovanih åuma. Åume Srbije je neophodno sertifikovati radi konkurentnosti na evropskom nivou i dokaza da se åumama gazduje odrÿivo. U toku su pripremne radñe kojima õe se stvoriti uslovi za primenu kriterijuma i indikatora odrÿivog gazdovaña åumama koji su osnov za sertifikaciju åuma Srbije. U te radñe se ubrajaju rad na donoåeñu novog Zakona o åumama i stvarañe Åumarske politike. Donet je i novi Zakon o zaåtiti ÿivotne sredine (2004). U toku je realzacija nekoliko projekata koji se odvijaju uz meæunarodnu pomoõ. To su unapreæeñe inventure åuma i upravçaña podacima (Norveåki projekat), program razvoja institucija i program izgradñe kapaciteta (FAO) i program restrukturiraña javnih preduzeõa, pre svega, Javnog preduzeõa Srbijaåume, uz podråku vlade Austrije. Dodatni podsticaj za sertifikaciju åuma Srbije leÿi i u øiñenici da je ovaj proces u nekim od okolnih drÿava uveliko odmakao (Hrvatska). Ranije je navedeno (grafikon 3), da je u Srbiji i Crnoj Gori izdato 46 sertifikata za ISO standard u raznim oblastima. Ovaj standard je usvojen i kao nacionalni standard (JUS - ISO 14001). Zakonski osnov za primenu ISO u åumarstvu u dobroj meri postoji, samim tim åto je ÿivotna sredina i ñena zaåtita utkana u Ustav Republike Srbije, kao i sve zakone koji se, pored Zakona o åumama, kao osnovnog zakona koriste u planirañu gazdovaña åumama (Zakon o zaåtiti ÿivotne sredine, Zakon o semenu i sadnom materijalu, Zakon o lovstvu, Zakon o vodama, Zakon o poçoprivrednom zemçiåtu i dr.). Sve evropski kriterijumi i primeri indikatora za odrÿivo gazdovañe åumama su veõ sada uglavnom zastupçeni u planovima gazdovaña åumama na lokalnom i regionalnom nivou, a u dobroj meri i drÿavnom nivou. 118 [UMARSTVO 4

9 Sa druge strane, tu su Åumarski savet za sertifikaciju (FSC) i Inicijativa za panevropsku sertifikaciju åuma (PEFC) kao sertifikacione åeme koje su veoma zastupçene u Evropi, i koje svoje sertifikate, takoæe, zasnivaju na Sve evropskim kriterijumima i indikatorima odrÿivog gazdovaña åumama. U sklopu saradñe sa CESO om iz Kanade uraæena je procena moguõnosti za uvoæeñe FSC standarda na pilot objektu Nastavnoj bazi Åumarskog fakulteta na Goøu. Na osnovu istraÿivaña na ovom objektu utvræeno je postojañe moguõnosti za uvoæeñe standarda FSC uz ispuñavañe odreæenih uslova, kao åto su ukçuøivañe nevladinih organizacija i javnosti u planirañe gazdovaña åumama, informisañe u vezi procesa sertifikacije, razvoj dokumentacije o unutraåñoj politici i procedurama. Poåto je sertifikacija odrÿivog gazdovaña åumama bazirana na nezavisnoj proceni sistema, izdavañe sertifikata od strane akreditovanog oceñivaøa moÿe predstavçati dodatnu meru povereña. U Srbiji veõ postoji nekoliko akreditovanih sertifikacionih agencija (SGS, Veritas...) koje su ovlaåõene za izdavañe sertifikata. Trenutno, jedna od prepreka uvoæeñu sertifikacije kod nas su, pored neusaglaåenosti ili delimiøne usaglaåenosti domaõeg zakonodavstva sa sve evropskim kriterijumima i indikatorima odrÿivog gazdovaña åumama, i relativno veliki troåkovi uvoæeña standarda kao i nedovoçna zainteresovanost åumarskog sektora i drvne industrije. 5. ZAKÇUØAK Åumarska sertifikacija je nov i inovatorski alat koji veõ ima uticaja na åume åirom sveta obezbeæujuõi trÿiåni podsticaj za unapreæeno gazdovañe.sertifikacija je jedan od najbrÿe razvijenih fleksibilnih alata koji moÿe koristiti kao pomoõ sektoru åumarstva da se izjednaøi sa principima trajnog razvoja. Sertifikacija nije lek za sve: ne moÿe zameniti kontrolne alate kao åto je zakonodavstvo. Neõe biti efikasna u svim okolnostima. Åtaviåe, dajuõi sertifikaciji ispravne preduslove, ona moÿe biti podsticaj i za unapreæeno upravçañe åumama i za ukçuøivañe svih uøesnika u raspravu o tome åta øini dobro upravçañe åumama. Takozvani fleksibilni alati, kao åto je sertifikacija, ne mogu zameniti alate kao åto su nacionalna åumarska politika, zakonodavstvo i obrazovañe. Sertifikacija jedino utiøe na gazdovañe åumama, tako da nema direktan uticaj na planirañe koriåõeña zemçiåta i nacionalnu politiku. Bez obzira na ovo, sve viåe i viåe potroåaøa iz industrijalizovanih zemaça daje prednost proizvodima bezopasnim po ÿivotnu sredinu, tako da sertifikacija igra vaÿnu dopuñujuõu ulogu, i moÿe, ako je uspeåna, da pomogne oblikovañu vladine politike. Tokom posledñe decenije, viåe od 150 miliona hektara pod åumom je sertifikovano u svetu. Pomak ka sertifikaciji na meæunarodnom nivou raste eksponencijalno. Ovaj trend je, takoæe, prisutan i u zemçama bivåe Jugoslavije (naroøito u Hrvatskoj). Sve ovo ukazuje na to da bi procesu sertifikacije kod nas trebalo pristupiti ozbiçno, ne samo zbog nepovoçnog staña u kome se naåe åume nalaze, veõ i zbog øiñenice da bi na taj naøin graæa iz naåih åuma bila konkurentna na svetskom trÿiåtu i øime bismo dokazali da se naåim åumama gazduje odrÿivo. OKTOBAR DECEMBAR,

10 LITERATURA Bankoviõ, S., Medareviõ, M. (2003): Kodni priruønik za informacioni sistem o åumama Republike Srbije, Ministarstvo za zaåtitu prirodnih bogatstava i ÿivotne sredine - Uprava za åume, Beograd Joviõ, D., Medareviõ, M. (1995): Potencijali åuma i åumskih podruøja i ñihov znaøaj za razvoj Republike Srbije, Monografija Potencijali åuma i åumskih podruøja i ñihov znaøaj za razvoj Srbije, Beograd, str Joviõ, D., Medareviõ, M. (1991): Sistemi planiraña gazdovaña åumskim podruøjima (u okviru nove organizacije åumarstva Srbije). Glasnik Åumarskog fakulteta, br.73, Beograd. Joviõ, Æ. (2004): Moguõnost i osnove za primenu standarda ISO u oblasti planiraña gazdovaña åumama i åumskim podruøjima, Magistarska teza. Univerzitet u Beogradu. Joviõ, Æ. (2005): Komplementarnost i konfliktnost PANEVROPSKIH KRITERIJUMA i normativa koriåõenih u izradi planova gazdovaña åumama. Åumarstvo br. 1-2, str , Beograd. Joviõ, Æ., Stankoviõ, D., Radosavçeviõ, A. (2005): Neposredni normativi i standardi u zaåtiti ÿivotne sredine u odnosu na ISO IUFRO Division 6 - RG th International Symposium Legal Aspects of European Forest Sustainable Development Zlatibor Mt, Serbia (May 11-15, 2005). Milovanoviõ, D., Joviõ, Æ. (2002): Sertifikacija kao doprinos savremenom gazdovañu åumama prihvatçiv za ÿivotnu sredinu. Åumarstvo br. 1-3, str , Beograd. Medareviõ, M., Bankoviõ, S., Pantiõ, D. (2003): Stañe bukovih åuma u Srbiji. Åumarstvo br. 1-2, str. 5-23, Beograd. Radosavçeviõ, A, Sigurd, O.R. (2005): Sertifikacija ÿivotne sredine za potrebe srpskog åumarstva, rukopis, Beograd. Rametsteiner, E. (2000): Sustainable Forest Management Certification, Frame Conditions, System Designs and Impact Assessment - Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe, Liaison Unit Viena; pp 35-37; 52-55; F S C (1999): Kriterijumi i indikatori odrÿivog gazdovaña åumama, FSC.com Walker, J. D. (2005): Predlog za sertifikaciju åuma u Srbiji, rukopis, Beograd. ***** (1997): WWF Guide to Forest certificacion, WWF UK, Panda House; pp 3-4; ***** (1998): Sustainable Forest Management in Europe, Special Report on the Follow - up on the implementation of Resolutions H1 and H2 ofthe Helsinki Ministerial Conference Liasion unit in Lisabon, pp 1 3. ***** (1999): Agenda 21 : Poglavçe 11, ***** (2000): General Declarations and Resolutions Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe, Liasion Unit Vienna. www. certified. forest. org www. pefc. org isoworld ¼ yahoo. co. jp STANDARDISATION AND CERTIFICATION - PREVIOUS EXPERIENCES IN THE WORLD AND IN OUR COUNTRY Æoræe Joviõ Summary The aim of the research project certification of sustainable forest management was the analysis of the potential effect of such certification on the enhancement of forest management, protection of the matket potential of timber and the additional evaluation of timber production. The specific aims of the analysis of the potential effect of certification of sustainable forest management on the policy were the assessment of effects (direct and secondary) and cost efficacy of the program of sawn timber certification, as well as the potential assessment of timber production. The significance of forests and the methods how the society organises forest utilisation and how the sustainable forest management is defined differ significantly throughout the world. This paper deals with some experiences and the scope of certification of sustainable management in the world and in our country. 120 [UMARSTVO 4

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