Listen to the Voice of Villages WP3 Research and Analysis

Transcription

1 Listen to the Voice of Villages WP3 Research and Analysis Final Report Content: Pr. Mariangela Franch Pr. Umberto Martini Dr. Paolo Grigolli Dr. Fabio Sacco Dr. Serena Barbera Technical Supervision: Dr Daniele Canepa, Language Supervision Dr. Stefano Andreotti, Formatting 1

2 SUMMARY INTRODUCTION 5 1. LISTEN TERRITORIES: CRITERIA AND MODELS Criteria for the identification of target territories Single units of analysis Community destinations Low degree of development or unexplored tourism potential Presence of to-be-converted real estates Summary of the characteristics of target territories Scientific point of reference of the analysis Model of destination development Tourism Carrying Capacity MAPPING THE TERRITORIES AND ANALYSIS OF GOVERNAMENTAL TOOLS PP1 AUTONOMOUS PROVINCE OF TRENTO AND PP2 - UNIVERSITY OF TRENTO etourism RESEARCH GROUP Type of territory Socio-economic profile The touristic sector Tourism Resources Audit Analysis of the governance system PP3 - DEVELOPMENT CENTRE LITIJA Type of territory Tourism Resources Audit PP4 - BOHEMIAN SWITZERLAND, PUBLIC BENEFIT ORGANIZATION Type of territory Socio-economic profile of target territories Tourism Resources Audit Analysis of governance system PP5 - MARSHAL S OFFICE OF OPOLSKIE REGION Type of territory Socio-economic profile of target territories Tourism Resources Audit Analysis of governance system PP6 - REGIONAL AUTHORITY OF USTI REGION Type of territory Socio-economic profile of target territories 179 2

3 Tourism Resources Audit Analysis of governance system PP7 - LOCAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY OF LANGHE MONFERRATO ROERO Type of territory Socio-economic profile of target territories Tourism Resources Audit PP8 - DISTRICT OFFICE FORCHHEIM Type of territory Socio-economic profile of target territories Tourism Resources Audit Analysis of governance system PP9 - UNIVERSITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND APPLIED LIFE SCIENCE Type of territory Socio-economic profile of target territories Tourism Resources Audit Analysis of governance system GOVERNANCE MODEL Community destination management in rural villages Territory as a resource in destination management Governance and cooperation among stakeholders Meta management in community destinations Governance and stakeholders relationships in LISTEN destinations: benchmark study LP Autonomous Province of Trento 249 Valle deimocheni 250 TesinoVanoi 251 Valle del Chiese PP3 DevelopmentCentreLitija 253 Governance system in pilot areas 253 Jablaniškadolina 254 Local community Dole prilitiji 254 Velikaplanina PP4 BohemianSwitzerland PP5 OpolskieVoivodeship 260 Tourism governance system in Poland 260 Municipalities and Local Action Groups 261 Dinosaur s Land 263 KluczborkOlesno Land PP6 Usti Region PP7 Lamoro PP8 - LandkreisForchheim PP9 University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna Governance tools for sustainable tourism development in rural villages Actions of destination management 270 3

4 Destination management and sustainability indicators Destination Management Organisation (DMO) Governance tools for LISTEN pilot areas The model 277 LP Autonomous Province of Trento 279 PP3 Development Centre Litija 279 PP4 Bohemian Switzerland 280 PP5 OpolskieVoivodeship 281 PP6 Usti Regio 282 PP7 Lamoro 283 PP8 LandkreisForchheim 284 PP9 - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna Vital Village Association: the European network of green villages 286 Tables Index 287 Figures Index 293 4

5 INTRODUCTION The objective of the WP3 Research and Analysis is to define the most effective and efficient tools for sustainable tourism development in areas with unexplored potential and tools of governance public - private, capable of contributing towards the tourism development of the site and having positive spin-offs on the area and capable of maintaining and increasing attractiveness both for users and for local residents. In this process, the tools of governance play an important role for the success of tourism development (Figure 1). Figure 1 The relationship between governance and tourism development Source: etourism 5

6 1. Listen Territories: criteria and models Criteria for the identification of target territories The territories which will constitute the target areas of the LISTEN programme have to be 2 or, at most, 3 territories for partner. Target territories should have some of the following characteristics: Possibility of considering them as single units of analysis; Community destinations; Low degree of development or unexplored tourism potential; Presence of to-be-converted real estates Single units of analysis Each target territory must have defined and clear borders and it has to be possible to consider it as a single unit of analysis, for example a valley, a district, etc Community destinations LISTEN target territory have to be characterized as a community destination, in which the economic and environmental resources have to be hold by a plurality of different stakeholders, and not as a corporate destination (Figure 2). In fact, such contests are good backgrounds to apply efficient tools of governance, in order to define strategic assets to improve the efficiency of the decision making process and to manage the division of power and resources. On the contrary, in the corporate destinations is quite wrong to talk about the definition of efficient tools of governance, because the power is centralized in the hands of a single business corporation, which controls the resources and decide for themselves what activities to implement. 1 Chapter by PP2 Workgroup. 6

7 Figure 2 Characteristic of corporate and community destination Source: our elaboration on Flagestad A., Hope C.A. (2001), Strategic Success in Winter Sports Destinations: A Sustainable Value Creation Perspective, in Tourism Management, Vol. 22 In order to facilitate the process of sustainable tourism development in a community destination, it would be ideal the presence of other three important features, such as: Suitability to arrange financial support by public administration and private players; Local laws in favour of private entrepreneurship; Good disposal of local community to undertake a process of tourism development. These features constitute a mean for facilitating the construction of a tourist offer. If not already present, the research project should constitute the means to arrange them Low degree of development or unexplored tourism potential Target territories degree of tourism development has to be comparable to: Area Type 1: territories not yet developed under the tourism point of view but with an interesting unexpressed potential; Area Type 2: territories that have already started a tourism development, living the early phases of destination life cycle, according to Butler s Tourism Area Life Cycle model, but are not in the condition to maintain the competitiveness. That is: Destination away from tourism areas; Destination without strong attractions; Destination without an efficient governance. 7

8 Presence of to-be-converted real estates In order to develop a model of community and home-based hospitality, LISTEN areas should be provided of small dimension real estates, which could be converted into accommodation, for example: Private houses; Chalets; Community-hold properties; Farmhouses Summary of the characteristics of target territories In the choice of target territories, the characteristics described above are in part mandatory, in part instead they are preferential element (Table 1). Table 1 Summary of the characteristics of target territories Characteristics Defined border (single unit analysis) Plurality of different stakeholders with different resources Suitability to arrange financial support by PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Suitability to arrange financial support by PRIVATE PLAYERS Local laws in favour of private entrepreneurship Good disposal of local community to undertake a process of tourism development Territories not yet developed under the tourism point of view but with an interesting unexpressed potential or territories that have already started a tourism development but are not in the condition to maintain the competitiveness Presence of small dimension real estates which could be converted into accommodation Source: etourism Presence/Absence Preferential Mandatory Preferential Preferential Preferential Preferential Mandatory Preferential 1.2. Scientific point of reference of the analysis Model of destination development The point of reference of the analysis is the Weaver Model, a broad context model of destination development, within which various scenarios, including the classic Butler sequence itself, can be situated. The model consists of four inclusive tourism ideal types, based on the relationship between the level of tourism intensity or scale, and the amount of regulation associated with the tourism sector. 8

9 High Figure 3 The Weaver model - destination possibilities Deliberate Alternative Tourism (DAT) Sustainable Mass Tourism (SMT) REGULATION Circumstantial Alternative Tourism (CAT) Unsustainable Mass Tourism (UMT) Low Low High INTENSITY Source: Weaver D. (2000), A broad context model of destination development scenarios, in Tourism Management, n. 21, pp Circumstantial Alternative Tourism (CAT) destinations: Have a non-regulated, small-scale tourism sector; Have the indicated Alternative Tourism characteristics for markets, accommodations, attractions and economic status, but lack the appropriate regulatory environment that ensures a higher probability of continued adherence to those traits. Deliberate Alternative Tourism (DAT) destinations: Have a regulated, small-scale tourism sector. Sustainable Mass Tourism (SMT) destinations: Have a regulated, large-scale tourism sector maintained within those carrying capacities or limits. Unsustainable Mass Tourism (UMT) destinations: Have a non-regulated, large-scale tourism sector; Continued tourism development that, in the absence of restrictive regulation, exceeds existing environmental and socio-cultural carrying capacities or limits of acceptable change. The model considers seven possible bilateral scenarios involving the transition of destinations from a situation to a different one (Figure 4). 9

10 Figure 4 The Weaver model - destination development scenarios High Deliberate Alternative Tourism (DAT) Sustainable Mass Tourism (SMT) REGULATION Circumstantial Alternative Tourism (CAT) Unsustainable Mass Tourism (UMT) Low Low High INTENSITY Source: Weaver D. (2000), A broad context model of destination development scenarios, in Tourism Management, n. 21, pp The target of LISTEN project is to define the most effective and efficient tools for sustainable tourism development to move from CAT (or absence of tourism) to DAT or SMT. In any case (DAT or SMT), it s necessary to maintain the carrying capacity limits. Moreover, for SMT it would entail some modification of mass tourism characteristics to obtain desirable outcomes indicative of sustainability, such as higher level of local control, retention of a mainly midcentric clientele and encouragement of vernacular architecture Tourism Carrying Capacity The carrying capacity in tourism planning is the maximum acceptable level of tourist development in an area and the growth limits an area can accommodate without violating environmental, social and economic capacity goals (Figure 5). It studies all the tourism impacts on a territory and is the base of a sustainable development to be adopted by a destination, and therefore it is site specific and use specific. 2 See Weaver s article. 10

11 Figure 5 The impact of tourism Environmental aspects TOURISM Social and cultural aspects Economic aspect Source: etourism In the LISTEN project, the tourism carrying capacity is the thermometer of the sustainable development process. As a policy tool in a strategy of tourism development, the definition-assessment and implementation of tourism carrying capacity (TCC) needs to be considered as a part of the planning process. Figure 6 The carrying capacity in tourism Analysis of the system Physical, ecological, demographic, sociocultural, political, economic, institutional characteristics Physical ecological component Identification of Issues Socio demographic component Political economic component Analysis of tourism development Type and level of tourism development, flows, activities, tourist product, existing restrictions, etc Assessment: identify problems, threats, risks, issues and concerns, conflicts and opportunities Definition of Critical factors: Identification of bottlenecks and constraints Formulation of goals and strategy Definition of Indicators Monitoring and evaluation PLANNING FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT DEFINING IMPLEMENTATION TCC Source: our elaboration on University of the Aegean (2000), Defining, measuring and evaluating carrying capacity in European Tourism Destinations, Athens, Report Material for a Document, b4-3040/2000/294577/mar/d2. 11

12 2. MAPPING THE TERRITORIES AND ANALYSIS OF GOVERNAMENTAL TOOLS Each one of the partner involved in the project was asked to map its territory and identify possible suitable areas for the implementation of sustainable tourism practices. The analysis of the pilot areas was conducted directly by the project partners following the scheme below: MAPPING THE TERRITORIES Type of territory: it has to be indicated the type of territories chosen and the presence/absence of mandatory and preferential characteristics Socio-economic profile of target territories: the data collected in this section are useful to provide a photograph of the territory in terms of physical characteristics and socio-economic profile. Tourism Resources Audit: the Tourism Resource Audit is a structured and systematic twostage process of inventory and evaluation. Stage 1: involves a listing of all resources which have some connection with tourism; Stage 2: is about a critical evaluation of those resources in terms of their quality, uniqueness and tourist appeal. Analysis of governance system: aims to understand how and by whom is managed the tourism system. This information is predominantly qualitative and, considering that an high knowledge of the territory is required, the Local Guide Group should take an active part in the data collection. In the following paragraphs will be listed the outputs of the activity of mapping and analysis carried out by the project partners. 12

13 2.1. PP1 AUTONOMOUS PROVINCE OF TRENTO AND PP2 - UNIVERSITY OF TRENTO etourism RESEARCH GROUP Three territories where chosen for the LISTEN project: Type of territory Territory 1: Valle del Chiese Valle del Chiese falls within the second type of territories, where their touristic development has already been started, but their competitiveness could not be maintained or boosted. Valle del Chiese is an entity which can be recognised in terms of geography, with well-defined borders, and is a community area, where the ownership and management of local resources is not in the hands of a single firm, but fragmented among a multiplicity of players. Table 2 Characteristics of the area Characteristics Presence/Absence Name of the territory Valle del Chiese Type Area Type 2 Pluralism of stakeholders managing local resources Medium Marked borders (single analysis unit) Valle del Chiese extends from Bondo e Roncone, up to the shores of Lake Idro, occupying the western part of Trentino, totalling an area of hectares. Presence of rural estate which can be developed in Medium terms of touristic facilities Source: etourism Research Group Figure 7 The location of Valle del Chiese 13

14 Territory 2: Valle dei Mocheni The Valle dei Mòcheni area falls within the second type of territories, where their touristic development has already been started, but their competitiveness could not be maintained or boosted as these areas are isolated locations off the touristic track or places that do not have strongly appealing attractions, or they have attractions, but they are unable to implement an effective strategy of promotion marketing. Valle dei Mòcheni is famous for being a linguistic island populated by people of German origin who speak an ancient language of Bavarian origin and who believe in maintaining ancient traditions and local folklore. The area sees the presence of multiple stakeholders who are involved in the management of local resources, in particular natural resources, as Valle dei Mòcheni is the largest area in Trentino with very low anthropisation. The area also boasts a wealth of real estate, consisting of hotels, argitourisms, shelters and mountain chalets, all of which provide a good basis for the development of a tourist accommodation area. Valle dei Mòcheni is a river valley traversed by Fersina, between Pinè and the western tops of the Lagorai group, namely Panarotta, Fravort, Gron Lait, and has well defined borders (Figure 8). The whole area is located, geographically and administratively, inside the Comprensorio Alta Valsugana C4. Table 3 Characteristics of the area Investigated aspects Characteristics Type of territory Area Type 2 Pluralism of stakeholders managing local Medium resources Well defined borders (single analysis unit) Valle dei Mòcheni is located in the southeastern province of Trento, between the Pinè plateau and the western tops of the Lagorai group. The valley has well defined borders. Presence of rural estate which can be developed in terms of touristic facilities Source: etourism Figure 8 The location of Valle dei Mòcheni Medium 14

15 Territory 3: Tesino - Vanoi The Tesino-Vanoi area falls within the second type of territories, where their touristic development has already been started, but their competitiveness could not be maintained or boosted as these areas are isolated locations off the touristic track or places that do not have strongly appealing attractions, or they have attractions, but they are unable to implement an effective strategy of promotion marketing. From a geographic point of view, the Tesino-Vanoi area is very well defined and marked. It features a large number of stakeholders, who own and manage local resources. Some of these stakeholders own the rural estate, which in recent years has received attention in order to develop it in terms of touristic facilities. Numerous mountain chalets spread in the area feature the territory in question and are a richness for it (Table 1). Tesino-Vanoi is situated in the south-eastern part of the Trento Province, north of the State Route number 47 which covers the whole Valsugana valley, at the side of the Lagorai mountain range. Both the Altopiano del Tesino and the Vanoi valley have very well marked borders (Figure 9). Table 4 Territory Characteristics Researched Issues Territory typology Pluralism of stakeholders managing local resources Characteristics Type 2 Area Medium/high Marked borders (single analysis unit) Tesino-Vanoi is situated in the southeast of the Trento Province, north of the State Route number 47 which covers the Valsugana valley. Both the Altopiano del Tesino and the Vanoi valley have very well marked borders Presence of rural estate which can be developed in Medium terms of touristic facilities Source: etourism Figure 9 The location of Tesino-Vanoi Source: etourism 15

16 Socio-economic profile Territory 1: Valle del Chiese Geographical characteristics The valley is embraced on both sides by mountains which are covered almost entirely by woodland: the left hydrographic side is steeper, whereas the other side appears flatter as a result of the abundant presence of grass fields; it is in this area that, over time, the majority of urban settlements were founded. The most important inhabited centres were consolidated at the bottom of the valley, whereas the less important villages settled on the slopes of the valley. The valley is composed of 14 municipalities: Bersone, Bondo, Bondone, Brione, Castel Condino, Cimego, Condino, Daone, Lardaro, Pieve di Bono, Praso, Prezzo, Roncone and Storo, of which 7 have a population of less than 500 units. In spite of this, Valle del Chiese is today experiencing a process of balanced and sustainable development, as a result of combined work among numerous players and different economic sectors. Valle del Chiese can be seen as an example for the many initiatives which have been set up there, aimed at a shared, intentional, balanced, environmentally sustainable, territorial development policy, which takes into consideration the specificities and needs of the area. Fifty years ago Valle del Chiese experienced a shift from an agricultural and forestry-pastoral economy to a decidedly industrial economy, dominated by companies with external capital and management. This produced a sudden risk of unemployment, due partly to a lack of product diversification with a prevalence of manufacturing engineering and paper industry. All this hindered the development of a local entrepreneurial culture and reduced the opportunities for flexibility in difficult times. The limited presence of the public and private service sectors led to scarce employment opportunities especially for women. Economic needs in particular gradually gave rise to the spread of a positive cultural, motivational attitude among local governments, companies and associations, in order to support the development of a healthier territory. Table 5 Geographical characteristics of the Valle del Chiese municipalities Municipalities Altitude (m. above sea level) Area Km². Density Inhabitants/ km². Bersone Bondo Bondone Brione Castel Condino Cimego Condino Daone Lardaro Pieve di Bono Praso Prezzo Roncone Storo Total

17 Valle del Chiese is peripheral to the area of the province where the main production, administrative and service centres are located. It is crossed by heavy tourist traffic coming from Lombardy and heading towards Val Rendena, and notably Madonna di Campiglio. Even if, on the one hand, this movement of traffic causes inconvienience to the population of Valle del Chiese, such as causing pollution, transit of trucks and congestion, on the other hand it also represents an opportunity. The SS - State Route runs through the entire valley and connects it to the surrounding areas. In the area of Tione di Trento the State Route connects the Valley to Val Rendena and also to Valli Giudicarie, towards the capital Trento. Around the area of Lake Idro, State Route 237 connects the valley with Lombardy, and even more importantly it connects the valley with the city of Brescia. Figure 10 Accessibility of Valle del Chiese Within the administrative areas there are 23 public bodies (Municipalities, A.S.U.C., Fractions) which own 26,054 hectares of forestry land. 66% of this land is woodland area, while 34% is agricultural area utilized by the companies in the municipality. Table 6 Geographical characteristics of the Valle del Chiese municipalities Municipality Forest Area Utilized Agricultural Area Bersone Bondo Bondone Brione Castel Condino Cimego Condino Daone Lardaro Pieve di Bono Praso Prezzo Roncone Storo Total Valle del Chiese is characterised by the presence of numerous temporary settlements (known as Ca da Mont ) in the mountainous and agricultural areas close to the inhabited areas. These Ca da Mont 17

18 are a symbol of man s relationship with the land through history. Notably, there are more than 1100 masi, i.e. farms, which are distinguishable both for their unique form and their characteristic typology. The typology of these buildings changes slightly from one area to another due to the habits of the local inhabitants and also as a result of the material available to construct them. Figure 11 Ca da Mont The information in the table below is the summary of the geographical characteristics. Table 7 Geographical profile of Valle del Chiese Characteristics Average altitude (metres above sea level) Area Number of municipalities Accessibility Connections with surrounding areas Woodland and productive areas, urban centres Item 686 m (metres above sea level) 400 square kilometres (6% of Trentino) 12 municipalities Average Geographically peripheral territory situated on the Western side of Trentino, bordering the Lombardy Region. The State Road 237 connects the valley with Brescia and Tione di Trento, and also Val Rendena and Giudicarie. Forest area 17, hectares Agricultural area: 8, hectares The area is characterised by the presence of 1100 disused or partially used farms. Demographic characteristics At the beginning of the third millennium the residents of the Valley increased to around 12,881 people, (the equivalent of 2% of the province). From the table you can see that in the last 10 years the population growth rate of the entire territory has been equal to 3.2%, but it is also evident that there are notable inconsistencies when looking at population growth of individual municipalities. Both Praso and Pieve di Bono have experienced depopulation. 18

19 Table 8 Demographic characteristics of Valle del Chiese Municipality Year Rate of Growth Bersone Bondo Bondone Brione Castel Condino Cimego Condino Daone Lardaro Pieve di Bono Praso Prezzo Roncone Storo Total

20 The municipality with the highest inhabitant density is Storo, while if you look at the area as a whole, there are 32 inhabitants per km². Table 9 Density (Inhabitants/km²) of the Valle del Chiese municipalities Municipality 2008 Bersone 30.3 Bondo 65.5 Bondone 35.2 Brione 16.4 Castel Condino 22.3 Cimego 40.2 Condino 44.5 Daone 3.7 Lardaro 19.2 Pieve di Bono 65.8 Praso 35.5 Prezzo 58.3 Roncone 50.4 Storo 74.1 Total 32.2 Figure 12 Density (Inhabitants/km²) of the Valle del Chiese municipalities In the last 10 years the population density of Valle del Chiese has increased by one point, passing from 31 to 32 inhabitants/km². In order to interpret the evolution of the population over time, the following related aspects were taken into account: natural events such as births and deaths, social phenomena of population s mobility, which can be defined as migratory flows of registrations of births in the register office or cancellations. 20

21 Table 10 Migratory and natural balance, Valle del Chiese. Percentage of the whole population ( ) Events and balance Births 0.98% 1.12% 1.15% 1.11% 0.96% 1.19% 1.13% 0.97% 0.99% 1.20% 1.20% Deaths 0.95% 0.95% 1.04% 0.99% 1.03% 1.01% 1.02% 0.94% 1.03% 0.98% 1.10% Natural balance 0.02% 0.17% 0.11% 0.12% -0.06% 0.18% 0.11% 0.02% -0.04% 0.22% 0.09% Registrations 1.77% 1.71% 1.67% 1.84% 1.73% 1.87% 1.68% 1.65% 1.92% 2.70% 2.55% Cancellations 1.54% 1.52% 1.63% 1.57% 1.30% 1.59% 1.33% 1.73% 1.65% 2.10% 2.20% Migratory balance 0.23% 0.19% 0.04% 0.27% 0.43% 0.28% 0.35% -0.09% 0.27% 0.59% 0.36% The analysis of population distribution by age shows that the people aged 46 and over represent 45% of the resident population. It also shows that the youngest bracket (from 0/18 years) represents a significant portion of the domiciled population with 20% of the total. The brackets which represent the university-age and working domiciled population hold a less significant percentage, and combined reach only 21%. Table 11 Population Structure by age Age Population Percentage % % % % % 65 and over % Total % To make the analysis more significant, other indexes were taken into account, such as: the old age index, which is calculated by multiplying by 100 the ratio of the total population over 65 years to the total population from 0-14 years; the social burden index, which is calculated by multiplying by 100 the ratio of the people who are not in work (0-14 and 65+) to the total population in work(table 13). The old age rate for Valle del Chiese is equal to 101, which is in line with the provincial average. This index enables us to understand the impact of the older population (65+) on the youngest age group (0-14). The youngest category balances out the considerable number of old age people. Not even the social burden rate shows a wide gap between the two areas mentioned (65 of the area compared to 51 of the province). It shows the number of people (young and old) who depend on the working population. This score is affected by the social situation and stage of development of an area. It is influenced by the younger generations delayed study careers and their problems in finding jobs, and by the phenomenon of early retirement. These aspects highlight the burden of the elder population in these areas. The final factor relevant to understanding the demographics of the area is related to commuting; in some towns, like Praso, Prezzo this figure by far exceeds half the active population, and still amounts to 36% on the area total. 21

22 Inhabitants Density Table 12 Percentage of commuters of the active population Municipality Commuters Active Population % of commuters Bersone Bondo Bondone Brione Castel Condino Cimego Condino Daone Lardaro Pieve di Bono Praso Prezzo Roncone Storo Total Characteristics Table 13 Demographic Profile Item 12,881 inhabitants (2% from Trentino) +3.2% from 1998 to 2008 Natural balance: +9% (from 1998 to 2008) Migratory balance: +27% (from 1998 to 2008) Age brackets: from 0 to 18 years: 20% from 19 to 25 years: 8% from 26 to 35 years: 13% from 36 to 45 years: 16% from 46 to 64 years: 25% over 65 years: 20% Old age rate: = 101 Social burden rate: = 65 Commuters 36,3% of active population 32,2 inhabitants/km² 22

23 Economic characteristics The domiciled population of Valle del Chiese, at the time of the last census survey in 2001, amounted to 42% of the total residents. Table 14 Domiciled population by sector of employment Municipality Agriculture Industry Commerci Services Total Bersone Bondo Bondone Brione Castel condino Cimego Condino Daone Lardaro Pieve di Bono Praso Prezzo Roncone Storo Total Total Percentage 3% 48% 16% 33% 100% The population is devoted mainly to industry and services, while 16% are employed in trade and the remaining 3% in agriculture. This distribution is quite homogeneous even on a municipal level. Agriculture, the backbone of all past economies, has over the past fifty years in Valle del Chiese taken hard blows with industry and services being favoured. The economy of the valley has in recent years experienced a purely industrial development, even though the majority of industrial and crafts enterprises work on behalf of firms from outside of the area. In the three areas of Storo, Darzo and Condino, with appendages in Pieve di Bono and Roncone, dozens of small- and medium-sized companies have been set up which employ thousands of residents. It has only been since the 1980s that agriculture has partially been restored, thanks to the development of small farming. The unemployment rate in the area is equal to 4.23%, but in the municipality of Cimego it is notably higher at 6.77%. 23

24 Table 15 Unemployment rate Municipality Unemployment rate (%) Bersone 2.40 Bondo 2.93 Bondone 5.12 Brione 5.00 Castel Condino 1.90 Cimego 6.77 Condino 6.21 Daone 3.21 Lardaro 3.70 Pieve di Bono 5.99 Praso 5.88 Prezzo 5.26 Roncone 2.23 Storo 3.64 Total 4.23 When analysing the employees in different enterprises in the area, you can see that 55% are employed in the industry sector, 29% in the services sector and 16% in the agricultural sector. Table 16 People employed in companies in the area, divided according to sectors Municipality Agriculture Industrial Commerce Services Total Bersone Bondo Bondone Brione Castel Condino Cimego Condino Daone Lardaro Pieve di Bono Praso Prezzo Roncone Storo Total Total (%) 1% 55% 16% 29% 100% In 2001 the total number of local units in the territory amounted to 1,160, divided between services (41%), industry (31%), commerce (27%) and agriculture (1%). 24

25 Table 17 Local units: main business sectors Municipality Agriculture Industrial Commerce Services Total Bersone Bondo Bondone Brione Castel Condino Cimego Condino Daone Lardaro Pieve di Bono Praso Prezzo Roncone Storo Total Total (%) 1% 31% 27% 41% 100% The industrial sector is characterised by the presence of local units acting on behalf of companies from outside the province. In recent years, it has suffered falls in both production facilities and employment. The area s most penalised sectors in terms of facilities and employment were those which worked on the extraction of minerals and the production and distribution of electricity, gas and water. However, the manufacturing sector has witnessed a 3% rise in employment, with a restructuring programme that saw the average company increase in size, despite a drop of 5% in local units. Presently the main activities are concentrated in the manufacturing and construction sectors and it is noted that the main manufacturing activities are the mechanical industry, and the production of wooden products and the wood industry. Over time, the river in Valle del Chiese has characterised the area s economic development, providing water for irrigation, or energy for craft businesses. The arrival of electricity marked a turning point, favouring the growth of firms engaged in the production and distribution of electricity. Looking at the structural aspects of the companies in the area, on the whole they are small- and medium-sized companies. The fact that even the provincial production structure is characterised by small- to medium-sized enterprises demonstrates that Valle del Chiese holds a sizeable production weight within the province. 25

26 Table 18 Valle del Chiese s economic characteristics Inhabitants employed in different sectors: People employed in the local businesses: Agriculture: 3% (Province 5%) Industrial: 48% (Province 31%) Commerce: 16% (Province 20%) Services: 33% (Province 44%) Agriculture: 1% (Province 1%) Industrial: 55% (Province 31%) Commerce: 16% (Province 22%) Services: 29% (Province 46%) Unemployment rate 4.23 % (Province 3.3%) Local units by productive sector: Agriculture: 1% (Province 1%) Industry: 31% (Province 23%) Commerce: 27% (Province 31%) Services: 41% (Province 44%) The majority of companies (50.89%) have from 1 to 3 employees, while enterprises with 10 to 49 employees are 56 and those with more than 50 employees are only 5. A gradual shift from agriculture to the industrial and crafts sector Local businesses has been noted, which finds it hard to "keep up with the times" for several reasons: The distance from the industrial centres which brings about a strong impact on transport costs; The presence of external capital which operates according to principles of productivity and efficiency without a firm link to the area; The local inhabitants have a limited inclination to risk. They prefer to work in the public sector or as employees in companies. Agricultural activities strongly related to seasonal work. Energy production from Expected forms of the production of solar and photovoltaic energy renewable resources to supply the non-hotel accommodation (mountain chalets). Sustainable mobility system Absent 26

27 Territory 2: Valle dei Mocheni Geographical characteristics Valle dei Mòcheni includes 4 municipalities: Fierozzo, Frassilongo, Palù del Fersina and Sant Orsola Terme. The municipalities in the valley are all rather scattered: Fierozzo has 11 inhabited nucleuses, while Sant Orsola Terme has 2 inhabited centres and 14 inhabited nucleuses 3. The other two municipalities, Frassilongo and Palù del Fersina, are also divided respectively into 2 centres and 5 inhabited nucleuses, and 1 centre and 3 inhabited nucleuses. Table 19 Division of the Valle dei Mòcheni municipalities Municipality Inhabited centres Inhabited nucleuses Scattered houses Total Fierozzo Frassilongo Palù del Fersina Sant Orsola Terme AREA TOTAL Source: Servizio Statistica PAT Valle dei Mòcheni is a typical V-shaped mountain territory, which is characterised by the Fersina stream and has steep sides, which on the most part are not terraced. The area is characterised by woodland, sloping meadows and some less steep slopes which are occupied by urban settlements. The average altitude is 1,113 metres above sea level. Above this altitude many buildings classified as baiti (mountain chalets) can be found. The overall surface of the valley amounts to only 67 km², which corresponds to only 1% of the surface of the whole province (Table 20). Table 20 Altitude and surface of the Valle dei Mòcheni municipalities Municipality Average Altitude (metres above sea level) Surface (km2) Fierozzo Frassilongo Palù del Fersina Sant Orsola Terme AREA TOTAL Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT The territory has always been very isolated due to the geographical location of the valley which is quite an enclosed space. On the one hand this aspect is a limit to the development in the area, but on the other hand it has been advantageous to the territory, in that it has allowed the area to be preserved from unauthorised building, and therefore it has maintained an almost undamaged environment. For this reason, the valley has retained the features of a natural park. If we consider the amount of contact that the valley has with the outside area, isolation has slightly reduced the opportunities for economic, cultural and social meetings and exchanges. This considered, access to the valley results difficult, as shown in Figure An inhabited centre is a group of houses which are adjacent or close to one another. Public services or offices are also present. Inhabited nucleuses are inhabited areas without a gathering place which is typical of inhabited centers. 27

28 Figure 13 Accessibility to Valle dei Mòcheni Taking into consideration the woodland and pasture surface, Valle dei Mòcheni stretches over a surface of 5500 hectares, 63% of which is woodland, 36% is used for agriculture and 2% is barren soil. Table 21 Woodland and agriculture surface (in hectares) Municipality Woodland Agricultural Not productive Total surface surface surface Fierozzo Frassilongo Palù del Fersina Sant Orsola Terme AREA TOTAL PROVINCE Area/Province incidence 1.1% 1.4% 0.9% 1.2% Source: Servizio Statistica PAT, Valle dei Mòcheni is characterised by the presence of a considerable number of houses which are inhabited only in certain periods. They amount to 40% of the whole, which is little more than the province s average. The remaining 60% of houses are inhabited (Table 5). The main reason for failure to use buildings is connected to the fact that these are second homes, mainly used for holidays. Even complete failure-to-use is one of the main reasons for which buildings are not inhabited (Table 23). 28

29 Municipalities Table 22 Buildings in Valle dei Mòcheni Inhabited buildings N. % of the whole Uninhabited buildings N. % of the whole Total Fierozzo % 85 35% 246 Frassilongo % 93 41% 227 Palù del Fersina % 80 41% 194 Sant Orsola Terme % % 539 AREA TOTAL % % 1206 PROVINCE % % Source: Servizio Statistica PAT, Municipality Table 23 Reasons for failure to use buildings Inhabited on holiday Inhabited to work and/or study Inhabited for other reasons Uninhabited Total Fierozzo Frassilongo Palù del Fersina Sant Orsola Terme AREA TOTAL PROVINCE Source: Servizio Statistica PAT, Rural buildings which are used only in certain periods of the year can be noted in the area. They are called masi or baiti. They are noteworthy buildings which deserve to be restored in order to maintain the valley s typical building model and effectively use such buildings for tourism and accommodation purposes. Table 24 sums up the data which have been presented about geographic characteristics. Characteristics Average altitude (metres above sea level) Surface (km2) Number of municipalities Accessibility Connection with surrounding areas Woodland, farm land, inhabited nucleuses Table 24 Geographic characteristics 1066 metres above sea level Item (1% of Trentino) 4 municipalities Difficult Geographically peripheral territory situated in the east of Trentino and traditionally isolated Connection with surrounding areas is possible through Pergine Valsugana, south of the Redebus Pass, which connects the valley to the Pinè plateau in the north Woodland hectares Farm land: hectares A high percentage of buildings in the territory are not used very often, mainly because they are vacation homes. However, the majority of buildings are inhabited. Significant presence of mountain chalets which are used for tourist accommodation. Source: our elaboration 29

30 Demographic characteristics At the end of 2008, the domiciled population in Valle dei Mòcheni amounted to 2049, i.e. 0.37% of the whole province. Inhabited centres are very small and only the Sant Orsola Terme municipality exceeds 1000 inhabitants. The remaining municipalities total less than 500 inhabitants each (Table 25). Table 25 The domiciled population Municipality Fierozzo Frassilongo Palù del Fersina Sant Orsola Terme AREA TOTAL Source: Servizio Statistica PAT, The domiciled population growth rate increased by 8.3% in the period Sant Orsola Terme increased by 21.9%, whereas the domiciled population in Palù del Fersina and Frassilongo decreased by 12 and 10.8% respectively (Table 26). Table 26 Domiciled population s percentage growth rate Municipality Fierozzo Frassilongo Palù del Fersina Sant Orsola Terme AREA TOTAL Source: Servizio Statistica PAT The municipality with the highest density per square kilometre is Sant Orsola Terme, while the density of the whole area amounts to roughly 20 inhabitants per square kilometre (Table 27). If compared with the figures for 1998, the density has generally increased, especially in Sant Orsola Terme. 30

31 Table 27 Density (Inhabitants/km2) of the Valle dei Mòcheni municipalities Municipality 2008 Fierozzo 25.8 Frassilongo Palù del Fersina Sant Orsola Terme AREA TOTAL Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT Figure 14 Density (Inhabitants/km2) of Valle dei Mòcheni municipalities Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT The trend involving the number of inhabitants has been taken into consideration through the analysis of natural events, such as deaths and births, social phenomena of population s mobility, which can be defined as migratory flows of registrations of births in the register office or cancellations. The natural balance has been inconsistent, recording almost completely positive changes only in the last few years. However, the birth and death rates are generally the same in the period that has been examined. On the contrary, the migratory balance has been positive since It has gradually been increasing since 2004 (Table 28and Figure 15). Table 28 Natural and Migratory balance Valle dei Mòcheni. Percentage of the whole population ( ) Events and balance Births 1,64 1,11 1,06 1,06 0,89 0,94 1,14 1,38 0,96 0,80 1,02 Deaths 1,80 1,91 1,16 0,85 1,21 1,04 1,19 1,07 1,16 0,75 0,93 Natural -0,16-0,79-0,11 0,21-0,32-0,10-0,05 0,31-0,20 0,05 0,10 balance Registrations 2,80 2,12 2,80 2,06 2,63 1,93 2,28 2,71 3,78 3,08 3,90 Cancelations 1,64 1,54 2,38 2,06 1,79 1,09 1,97 1,48 2,27 1,64 2,05 Migratory balance 1,16 0,58 0,42 0,00 0,84 0,83 0,31 1,23 1,51 1,44 1,85 Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT 31

32 Figure 15 Migratory and natural balance of Valle dei Mòcheni. Percentage of the whole population ( ) Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT The analysis of the population structure shows that almost half of the population is over 46 years old (25% falls between the 46 and 64 age range, while 20% are over 65 years old). A good 21%, however, belongs to the 0-18 age group, while 6% to % are young workers (26-35), while the remaining 16% falls in the range of years (Table 29). The situation remained substantially unchanged from 1998 to 2008 (Figure 16). Table 29 The structure of the population by age Class Percentage of the whole % % % % % 65 and over 20% TOTAL 100% Source: our elaboration following data from Servizio Statistica PAT Figure 16 The structure of the population by age ( ) Source: our elaboration following data from Servizio Statistica PAT To make the analysis more meaningful, other indexes were taken into account, such as: the old age index, which is calculated by multiplying by 100 the ratio of the total population over 65 years to the 32

33 total population from 0-14 years; the social burden index, which is calculated by multiplying by 100 the ratio of the people who are not in work (0-14 and 65+) to the total population in work. The old age index of Valle dei Mòcheni is equal to 94.56, well below the provincial average. This indicates that, although half of the population is concentrated in the last two age groups, the youngest (0-18 years old) make up a good percentage of the total compared to the elderly. The social burden rate of the Valley, however, is slightly superior to that of the provincial average, but still less than 100, indicating that the ratio of non working population and working population is not too unbalanced. Figure 17 Population Structure by age Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT A final analysis was carried out on the percentage of commuters in the area. Over half of the domiciled population commute to work. This percentage is even greater in Sant Orsola Terme and Frassilongo, while it is slightly lower in Palù del Fersina (Table 13). Table 30 Percentage of commuters in the active population Municipality Commuters Active population % of commuters in the active population Fierozzo Frassilongo Palù del Fersina Sant'Orsola Terme TOTAL Source: Servizio Statistica PAT, 2001 Table 31 summarises the demographic details that have been presented. Table 31 Area s social and economic profile. Demographic characteristics 33

34 Characteristics Demographic Item Domiciled population in 2008: 2,049 (0.37% of the province) Growth rate from 1998 to 2008: 8.3% Natural balance: +0.10% (2008) Migratory balance: +1.85% (2008) Age brackets: 0-18 = 21% = 6% = 13% = 16% = 25% 65 and over = 20% Old age rate: Social burden rate: Commuting rate: 53.8 Density (Inhabitants/km 2 ) Fierozzo: 25.8 Frassilongo: Palù del Fersina: Sant Orsola Terme: Valle dei Mòcheni: Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT Economic characteristics The active domiciled population in Valle dei Mòcheni totals 42% of the overall population (data from 2001). They are mainly employed in the field of services. However, a large percentage (27%) is employed in the industrial sector. 15% work in agriculture and commerce. Agriculture still plays an important role in the valley s economy, as 15% of the domiciled population are employed in this sector, whereas the province s average equals 5%. If we consider the municipalities individually, what results is that above all Palù del Fersina and Sant Orsola Terme are dedicated to services, while more people are employed in the industrial sector in Fierozzo and Frassilongo. These are also the municipalities with the largest number of people employed in farming (Table 32). Table 32 Domiciled population by sector of employment Municipality Agriculture Industry Commerce Services Total Fierozzo % of the whole 24% 36% 6% 34% 100% Frassilongo % of the whole 23% 36% 10% 31% 100% Palù del Fersina % of the whole 8% 18% 15% 59% 100% Sant Orsola Terme % of the whole 10% 22% 21% 47% 100% AREA TOTAL % of the whole 15% 27% 15% 43% 100% Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT, 2001 The area s unemployment rate amounts to about 2%, peaking in Palù del Fersina, where it reaches 4.88% (Table 33). 34

35 Table 33 Unemployment rate Municipality Fierozzo 2.30 Frassilongo 1.46 Palù del Fersina 4.88 Sant Orsola Terme 1.46 AREA TOTAL 1.99 Source: Servizio Statistica PAT, 2001 Unemployment rate Analysing the population employed in local companies, we can note that 40% are employed in the service industry (such figure reaches 70% in the Palù del Fersina municipality), 34% in commerce, 25% in the industrial sector, while 1% work in farming ( Table 34). Table 34 People employed in companies in the area, divided according to sectors Municipality Agriculture Industry Commerce Services Total Fierozzo % of the whole 3% 21% 38% 38% 100% Frassilongo % of the whole 0% 38% 27% 35% 100% Palù del Fersina % of the whole 0% 3% 27% 70% 100% Sant Orsola Terme % of the whole 0% 29% 36% 35% 100% AREA TOTAL % of the whole 1% 25% 34% 40% 100% Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT, 2001 In 2001, the overall number of local units in the area amounted to 422 units, which are distributed in a way which more or less reflects the division of the workers in the businesses in the area (Table 36). Table 35 Local units: Main business sectors Municipality Agriculture Industry Commerce Services Total Fierozzo % of the whole 5% 15% 43% 38% 100% Frassilongo % of the whole 0% 33% 23% 43% 100% Palù del Fersina % of the whole 3% 4% 28% 68% 100% Sant Orsola Terme % of the whole 0% 23% 28% 49% 100% AREA TOTAL % of the whole 1% 20% 31% 48% 100% Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT,

36 Although farming is not the main sector in terms of employees, businesses total 422 units (data from 2000), resulting to be consistent in comparison to If we analyse the situation municipality by municipality, they have all recorded growth surges in comparison to 1982, with the exception of Palù del Fersina, where the number of farming businesses has shrunk from 61 to 30 units. Conversely, the exploited agricultural surface as well as the farming companies overall surface recorded a substantial decrease between 1982 and Finally, the administrative surface has remained essentially constant over time (Table 36). Table 36 Farming companies and surface Year Farming companies Exploited agricultural surface (hectares) Farming companies overall surface (hectares) Administrative surface (hectares) Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT As regards crafts, a large number of businesses working in the construction industry and related activities are present in the area. Table 37 shows the list of craft businesses in each municipality. They are divided according to the sector in which they operate. Table 37 Craft businesses in the Valle dei Mòcheni municipalities DESCRIPTION Fierozzo Frassilongo Palù del F. S. Orsola Total Tinsmith Car rental with driver Heating system installation Porphyry laying Excavation Earthmoving machinery suppliers Lumberjacks Furniture assembling 1 1 Third-party road haulage Woodworker Electric systems 2 2 Builder Hairdresser 1 1 Tilers 1 1 Building construction 2 2 Plasterer 1 1 Mechanic 1 1 Baker 1 1 TOTAL Source: Associazione Artigiani,

37 Craft companies in Valle dei Mòcheni are normally small- or medium-sized, as is shown in Table 38. As a matter of fact the number of workers in each business amounts to little more than 2. Table 38 Craft businesses divided according to types of workers DESCRIPTION Fierozzo Frassilongo Palù del F. S. Orsola Total of workers Partners Collaborators Employees sole proprietorship TOTAL Source: Associazione Artigiani, 2005 Animal husbandry as well as agriculture still retains an important role in the valley s economy, although the number of head of cattle has progressively diminished. Over the years, farming techniques have gradually changed. The number of small family-run stables has decreased, while the number of larger stables managed through the use of modern production techniques has increased. In the period cattle farming businesses shifted from 103 to 80 units and dropped by 23 units. With regard to the number of head of cattle, a change from 452 to 424 units was recorded. This confirms what has previously been mentioned: against a limited decrease in the number of head of cattle, a significant drop in the number of small businesses was scored, to the benefit of medium- or large-sized businesses. Table 39 Cattle farming in Valle dei Mòcheni Cattle farming type Businesses 1982 Businesses 1990 Businesses 2000 Businesses 2004 Head of cattle 1982 Head of cattle 1990 Head of cattle 2000 Head of cattle 2004 From 1 to 4 head of cattle From 5 to 9 head of cattle From 10 to 49 head of cattle Head of cattle total Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT Following the data that have been shown, the opportunity to build a structure for the production of dairy products is being evaluated. 37

38 Between 1982 and 2000, the valley also scored a slight decrease in farming of other animals, both in the number of businesses and in that of head of cattle. Type Table 40 Farming of other animals in Valle dei Mòcheni Businesses 1982 Businesses 1990 Businesses 2000 Head of cattle 1982 Head of cattle 1990 Head of cattle 2000 Sheep Pig Rabbit Aviculture TOTAL Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT When compared to previous decades, traditional agricultural and animal husbandry activities though still maintaining an important role in the valley s economy decreased dramatically whilst more profitable cultivation grew, such as the cultivation of small forest fruits, which led to the creation of a co-operative in The co-operative, which was initially established for the production of strawberries, has diversified its production over the course of the years. It has harvested, worked and marketed strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, blueberries, blackcurrants, cherries, apples and vegetables. In more recent years the co-operative, which has been joined by other producers from 8 different areas of Trentino, has increased significantly in size and brought work and wealth even to outside of the valley. As a matter of fact this sector provides stable full time or part time jobs for about 420 people domiciled in the valley. In addition to this, it provides seasonal work for 150 foreigners. In the period production progressively increased, both in terms of quantity and in terms of turnover. Therefore, over the last few years the production of small fruit has been by far the most important economic sector in the valley, if we consider both the number of people employed in it and the wealth produced and distributed in the valley. Table 41 Wealth produced by small fruits production Municipality Processed-sold fruit (Kg) Sales worth ( ) Fierozzo 56,562 (7.99%) 225,914 Frassilongo 23,339 (3.74%) 105,838 Sant Orsola 763,330 (88.25%) 2,492,868 TOTAL 843,231 2,824,620 Source: our elaboration following data from Servizio Statistica PAT, In conclusion, the Valle dei Mòcheni economy is characterised by the marked presence of traditional sectors such as agriculture, animal husbandry and craft businesses. The service industry, in which tourism is included, occupies an important role both in terms of the domiciled people working in the sector and in terms of employees. However, the valley s economy as a whole shows structural limits, due to the area s marginal geographical position, low integration among different sectors and lack of an integrated strategic view which could make it possible to draw up initiatives to be carried out for the development of the territory. With regard to this situation, the Patto Territoriale della Valle dei Mòcheni s (Valle dei Mòcheni s Territorial Pact) primary goal is to create jobs in the valley, in the agriculture and animal husbandry sectors, with the aim to fight excessive commuting. The territory also has the objective of developing the touristic sector in step with the other sectors. In order to overcome some critical situations in the 38

39 Mòcheni economy, the pact provides for the creation of a milk supply chain which plans the following actions: Construction of a dairy. Raw materials will be processed on-site, with the aim of improving the profitability of companies working in agriculture and specialising in the production of milk. This way, it will be possible to encourage the creation of typical local production within the supply chain, which could be obtained through the co-operation of the public and private sectors. The milk supply chain will naturally integrate with the existing agricultural production of minor crops that already represent a significant characteristic mark for the area of the Patto; Implementation and support for initiatives to increase the number of cattle, sheep and goats through the creation of infrastructure necessary for the development and the enhancement of the productive chain, with particular focus on the establishment or improvement of road links, to access the bases which host agricultural firms, agritourisms or mountain chalets; support for livestock production for meat produce, which could represent the supply needed for the production of by-products of meat, through the construction of public structures, such as the slaughter house soon to be built in the neighbouring Pergine Valsugana municipality; Developing a label for local produce, in order to sustain the quality and production, linking them in a clear and unambiguous way to the area. Table 42 sums up the economic details that have been presented. Table 42 Eeconomic characteristics of Valle dei Mòcheni area Inhabitants employed in different sectors Agriculture: 15% (Province 5%) Industry: 27% (Province 31%) Commerce: 15% (Province 20%) Services: 43% (Province 44%) Unemployment rate 1,99% (Province 3,3%) Employees Local businesses Energy production from renewable sources Agriculture: 1% (Province 1%) Industry: 25% (Province 31%) Commerce: 34% (Province 22%) Services: 40% (Province 46%) Local units by productive sector Agriculture: 1% (Province 1%) Industry: 20% (Province 23%) Commerce: 31% (Province 31%) Services: 48% (Province 44%) Agricultural businesses: 422 Animal husbandry businesses: 309 Arts and crafts Small- and medium-sized enterprises Importance of the small fruits market Good vocation for renewable energy sources, especially photovoltaic and hydroelectric energy Sustainable mobility system Absent Source: our elaboration 39

40 Territory 3: Tesino - Vanoi Geographical characteristics The Tesino and Vanoi area includes 5 municipalities, namely Bieno, Canal San Bovo, Castello Tesino, Cinte Tesino and Pieve Tesino. It stretches across two comprensori (administrative units larger than municipalities, but smaller than provinces). The Canal San Bovo municipality stretches across the Primiero comprensorio, whereas the other ones belong to the Bassa Valsugana and Tesino comprensorio, both from the geographic and administrative points of view. The municipalities are not too fractionated on the territory, with the exceptions of Canal San Bovo, which is divided into 6 inhabited centres and 5 inhabited nucleuses, and that of Castello Tesino, which has only one centre, but 5 inhabited nucleuses 4. Municipality Table 43 Division of the Tesino-Vanoi municipalities Inhabited centre Inhabited nucleus Scattered houses Canal San Bovo (Vanoi) Total Bieno (Tesino) Castello Tesino (Tesino) Cinte Tesino (Tesino) Pieve Tesino (Tesino) AREA TOTAL Source: Servizio Statistica PAT The Tesino plateau stands out for its beautiful, gently undulating, green landscape. It is studded with pastures and cultivated fields, while the woodland in the Vanoi valley, especially on the left bank of the stream of the same name, is the main feature of the area, which has been nicknamed Trentino s green heart. The Tesino-Vanoi area is situated in the mountain belt of the Trentino territory, at an average altitude of 827 metres. As a matter of fact, the altitude ranges from Canal San Bovo s 757 metres to Cinte Tesino s 871 metres, with some hamlets of the five municipalities situated at over 1000 metres above sea level. The overall surface area exceeds 349 square kilometres and accounts for less than 6% of the surface of the province. Table 44 Altitude and surface of the Tesino-Vanoi municipalities Municipality Average altitude (AMSL) Surface (km 2 ) Canal San Bovo (Vanoi) ,54 Bieno (Tesino) ,69 Castello Tesino (Tesino) ,49 Cinte Tesino (Tesino) ,8 Pieve Tesino (Tesino) ,85 AREA TOTAL 827,4 349,37 Source: our elaboration based on Servizio Statistica PAT data 4 An inhabited centre is a block of houses which are adjacent or close to one another. Public services or offices are also present. Inhabited nucleuses are inhabited areas devoid of the gathering place which is typical of inhabited centres. 40

41 From a geographic perspective, the territory is on the outskirts of the production, administration and service hubs of the province. On the one hand, being on the outskirts gives advantages in terms of territorial integrity. On the other hand, it affects the whole production system of the territory, as regards craftsmanship, industry and tourism. In the domain of the road network inside the area and to other more pivotal locations, the accessibility level of the area can be defined of medium difficulty, as bottlenecks are present in the area in the connection between Tesino and Valsugana and Tesino and Vanoi, which are joined by the Strada Provinciale provincial road - 79 of the Passo Brocon. The State Road number 47 of Valsugana is the main one in the area, as connections to Tesino (from Grigno) and Vanoi (from Fonzaso) divert from it. Vanoi can also be reached from the Veneto side and Val di Fiemme through the Rolle Pass 5. Figure 18 Accessibility to the Tesino-Vanoi area Considering the surface of woodland and farm land, the Tesino-Vanoi area can boast an overall surface of about 29,000 hectares. 67% of it is woodland, 31% is used for agriculture, and 3% is infertile land. Table 45 Woodland and agriculture surface (in hectares) Municipality Woodland Agricultural Infertile Total surface land surface Canal San Bovo (Vanoi) 5.895, ,02 458, ,13 Bieno (Tesino) 535,77 507,08 1, ,51 Castello Tesino (Tesino) 6.376, ,62 66, ,32 Cinte Tesino (Tesino) 2.240,98 439,78 44, ,47 Pieve Tesino (Tesino) 3.976, ,6 163, ,90 AREA TOTAL , ,1 733, ,33 PROVINCE , , , ,60 Area/Province incidence 6,2% 6,0% 5,3% 6,1% Source: Servizio Statistica PAT, In numerous cases, accommodation in the Tesino-Vanoi area is only temporary. As a matter of fact, about 60% of the buildings in the area are not inhabited on a regular basis, while they total 34% in the territory of the province (Table 5). The main reason of the failure to use is that they are vacation homes, which are used on holiday, while 26% of houses are not used at all, when compared to a 5 The Castello Tesino municipality is 55.3 km away from Trento. It can be reached in about one hour s drive, whereas the Canal S. Bovo municipality is 94.7 km away from Trento. It can be reached in about one and a half or two hours. 41

42 province average of failure-to-use lower than 20%. Their value is noteworthy, as there are more than 800. Municipalities Table 46 Buildings in the Tesino-Vanoi area Inhabited buildings N. % of the whole Uninhabited buildings % of the N. whole Total Canal San Bovo (Vanoi) % % 1637 Bieno (Tesino) % % 570 Castello Tesino (Tesino) % % 1800 Cinte Tesino (Tesino) % % 405 Pieve Tesino (Tesino) % % 1085 AREA TOTAL % % 5497 PROVINCE % % Municipality Source: Servizio Statistica PAT, Table 47 Reasons for failure to use buildings inhabited on solida inhabited to work and/or study inhabited for other reasons Uninhabited Total Canal San Bovo (Vanoi) Bieno (Tesino) Castello Tesino (Tesino) Cinte Tesino (Tesino) Pieve Tesino (Tesino) AREA TOTAL PROVINCE Source: Servizio Statistica PAT, Rural buildings are typical in the area, thus witnessing the material culture and the relation that inhabitants have with their own territory. Chalets are rural buildings which are used in certain seasons. They are scattered all over the territory at an altitude ranging from 800 to 1600 metres. Today, they are still noteworthy economic and cultural heritage of the area. The table below summarises data about geographic characteristics. Table 48 Geographical characteristics Characteristics Average altitude (metres above sea level) Surface (km 2 ) Number of municipalities Accessibility Connection with surrounding areas 820 metres above sea level Item 349,37 (5,6% of Trentino) 5 municipalities (2,2% of Trentino) Medium/difficult Geographically peripheral territory situated in the esat of Trentino, bordering Veneto. Conection with surrounding areas is possible through the State Road 47 of Valsugana from Tesino. In addition, connection is possible through the Veneto side and through Val di Fiemme from Vanoi. 42

43 Woodland, farm land, inhabited nucleuses Woodland 19, hectares Farm land: 8,777.1 hectares A high percentage of buildings in the territory are not inhabited very often, mainly because they are vacation homes. Mountain chalets are typical of the area. These rural buildings provide the area with noteworthy economic and cultural heritage. Source: our elaboration Demographic characteristics At the end of 2008, the domiciled population in the Tesino-Vanoi area was equal to 4,765, i.e. 0,87% of the whole province. Inhabited centres are quite small, averaging 900 inhabitants per centre. Two municipalities exceed 1000 inhabitants, i.e. Canal San Bovo and Castello Tesino; Pieve Tesino totals over 500, while Bieno and Cinte Tesino are below this number. Table 49 The domiciled population Municipality Canal San Bovo (Vanoi) Bieno (Tesino) Castello Tesino (Tesino) Cinte Tesino (Tesino) Pieve Tesino (Tesino) AREA TOTAL Source: Servizio Statistica PAT, Over the last 10 years, the domiciled population has decreased by 4.8%. Pieve Tesino and Cinte Tesino are the municipalities showing the most striking depopulation process. Table 50 Domiciled population s percentage growth rate Municipality Canal San Bovo (Vanoi) - 0,7 0,5-0,4-0,5-0,5 0,6 0,6-0,9 0,7-1,4-0,7 Bieno (Tesino) - -0,6-0,6-6,4 0,0 0,5 1,6 0,9 0,4-1,8-0,4-6,5 Castello Tesino (Tesino) - -0,1-0,1-0,1-1,7-0,8 0,3-0,1-2,3 0,0-0,5-5,2 Cinte Tesino (Tesino) - -3,1 1,5-1,2-2,2 0,3-1,8-2,6-1,8 1,6 0,3-8,8 Pieve Tesino (Tesino) - -0,1-1,7 1,6 0,1-2,3-2,0 0,3-2,0-1,8-1,7-9,3 AREA TOTAL - -0,1-0,1-0,7-0,9-0,7 0,0 0,1-1,4-0,1-1,0-4,8 Source: Servizio Statistica PAT The municipality with the highest density per square kilometre is Bieno, while the density in the whole area amounts to 13 inhabitants per square kilometre (Table 10). When compared to 1998, the 43

44 density has slightly diminished in all the municipalities in the area, thus confirming again the population decrease. Table 51 Density (Inhabitants/km²) of the Tesino-Vanoi municipalities Municipality 2008 Canal San Bovo (Vanoi) Bieno (Tesino) Castello Tesino (Tesino) Cinte Tesino (Tesino) Pieve Tesino (Tesino) 9.55 AREA TOTAL Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT Figure 19 Density (Inhabitants/km²) of Tesino-Vanoi municipalities Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT The trend that has involved the inhabitants has been taken into consideration through the analysis of natural events, such as deaths and births, social phenomena of population s mobility, which can be defined as migratory flows of registrations of births in the register office or cancellations. The population s natural and migratory balances were analysed, i.e. the birth/mortality rate and the migratory rate. As can be noted in Table 11, the decrease of the population is mainly caused by the natural balance, in which quite a high mortality rate is in contrast with a low birth rate. This negative trend has partially been softened by a positive migratory balance. Table 52 Population s natural and migratory balance in the Tesino-Vanoi area. Percentage of the whole population ( ) Events and balance Births Deaths Natural balance Registrations Cancellations Migratory balance Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT 44

45 Figure 20 Migratory and natural balance of the Tesino-Vanoi area of the whole population ( ) Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT The presence of a population balance showing a declining trend, characterised by a low birth rate and high death rate in the Tesino-Vanoi area, can be noted in the analysis of the population structure according to age brackets. As a matter of fact, inhabitants aged over 65 account for over one quarter of the total population 28% - and one quarter 26% - are made up of people belonging to the age bracket. 14% of the remaining 47% are made up of people aged 0-18, 6% of people aged 19-25, 11% are aged i.e. people who have just started working - and 15% are aged This situation has not changed much over the last 10 years. Table 53 The structure of the population by age. Year 2008 Brackets Percentage of the whole % % % % % 65 and over 28% TOTAL 100% Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT 45

46 Figure 21 The structure of the population by age ( ) Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT To make the analysis more convincing, other indexes were taken into account, such as: the old age index, which is calculated by multiplying by 100 the ratio of the total population over 65 years to the total population from 0-14 years; the social burden index, which is calculated by multiplying by 100 the ratio of the people who are not in work (0-14 and 65+) to the total population in work (Figure 22). The age rate of the Tesino Vanoi area amounts to 238.7, i.e. almost twice as much as for the province. The rate enables us to understand the influence that the elder population, aged 65 and over, has on the younger, aged 0 to 14. Such a high score shows an unbalance in the area due to the larger number of elderly people, which is about twice that of young people. The social burden rate does not show such a wide difference between the two areas of reference, as the area score is 68 when compared to 51 recorded in the province. The rate shows how large the young and elderly population is which depend on the working population. This score is affected by the social situation and stage of development of an area. It is influenced by the younger generations delayed study careers and their problems in finding jobs, and by the phenomenon of early retirement. These aspects highlight the burden of the elder population in these areas. Figure 22 Population structure by age brackets (2008) Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT In conclusion, the fact that the Tesino-Vanoi population is rather old is significant from an economic perspective. An area in which over a third of the population is over 60 and is in the retirement age is surely less active in the business sector. Therefore, it is less flourishing in the productive system. The only data related to demographic characteristics is the percentage of commuters in the area. One third of the domiciled population commutes from the area to go to the workplace. Such percentage increases in the Castello Tesino, Cinte Tesino and Canal San Bovo municipalities, where it reaches a 46

47 percentage which equals half of the active population (Table 13). Such data show that villages in the area are normally used as dwelling places and are economically dependent on the entrepreneurial and non-entrepreneurial activities in which most inhabitants of working age are employed. These businesses are located outside of the municipalities. Municipality Table 54 Percentage of commuters in the active population Commuters Active population % of commuters in the active population Canal San Bovo (Vanoi) Bieno (Tesino) Castello Tesino (Tesino) Cinte Tesino (Tesino) Pieve Tesino (Tesino) AREA TOTAL Source: Servizio Statistica PAT, 2001 The table sums up the information that has been presented on demographic characteristics. Demographic Tabele 55 Area s social and economic profile. Demographic characteristics Characteristics Density (inhbitants/km 2 ) The economic characteristics Item Domiciled population in 2008: 4,537 (0.87% upon the whole province) Growth rate from 1998 to 2008: -4.8% Natural balance: -1.7% (2008) Migratory balance: +0.7% (2008) Age brackets: 0-18 = 14% = 6% = 11% = 15% = 26% 65 and over = 28% Old age rate: 238,7 Social burden rate: 68,7 Commuting rate: 33,6 Canal San Bovo: 13,01 Bieno: 37,90 Castello Tesino: 12,21 Cinte Tesino: 14,81 Pieve Tesino: 9,55 Tesino-Vanoi: 12,99 Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT The active domiciled population in the Tesino-Vanoi area totals 37% of the overall population (data from 2001). It is mainly employed in the fields of industry and services, whereas 21% work in commerce and the remaining 5% are employed in agriculture. After examining the municipalities, the 47

48 result is that Canal San Bovo has a very high percentage of population dedicated to agriculture and forestry. In the Vanoi valley woodland used to be and is still today a rich resource. Table 56 Domiciled population by sector of employment Municipality Agriculture Industry Commerce Service Total Canal San Bovo (Vanoi) % of the whole 9% 34% 23% 35% 100% Bieno (Tesino) % of the whole 3% 50% 16% 31% 100% Castello Tesino (Tesino) % of the whole 1% 36% 22% 40% 100% Cinte Tesino (Tesino) % of the whole 5% 44% 12% 39% 100% Pieve Tesino (Tesino) % of the whole 4% 38% 20% 39% 100% AREA TOTAL % of the whole 5% 38% 21% 37% 100% Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT, 2001 The unemployment rate in the area totals 3.75%, peaking in Bieno, where it reaches 5.99%. Table 57 Unemployment rate Municipality Unemployment rate (%) Canal San Bovo (Vanoi) 2.94 Bieno (Tesino) 5.99 Castello Tesino (Tesino) 4.07 Cinte Tesino (Tesino) 3.70 Pieve Tesino (Tesino) 3.59 AREA TOTAL 3.75 Source: Servizio Statistica PAT, 2001 Analysing the population employed in local companies, we can note that 42% are employed in the service industry, 33% in the industrial sector, 25% in commerce and 1% in agriculture (Table 17). The industrial sector in Bieno and Cinte Tesino is very well developed. Table 58 People employed in companies in the area, divided according to sectors Municipality Agriculture Industry Commerce Services Total Canal San Bovo (Vanoi) % of the whole 0% 33% 19% 48% 100% Bieno (Tesino) % of the whole 0% 49% 15% 36% 100% Castello Tesino (Tesino) % of the whole 1% 15% 38% 46% 100% Cinte Tesino (Tesino) % of the whole 0% 61% 17% 23% 100% Pieve Tesino (Tesino) % of the whole 1% 42% 23% 34% 100% AREA TOTAL % of the whole 1% 33% 25% 42% 100% Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT,

49 In 2001, the overall number of the local units in the area amounted to 422 units, divided into industrial service (41%), commerce (34%), industry (23%) and agriculture (2%) (Table 18). Over the last few years both the number of companies and that of workers in the industrial and service sectors have shrunk. This negative trend is further testimony that the area is heading towards a state of depression. Table 59 Local units: Main business sectors Municipality Agriculture Industry Commerce Service Total Canal San Bovo (Vanoi) % of the whole 2% 28% 29% 41% 100% Bieno (Tesino) % of the whole 0% 33% 24% 42% 100% Castello Tesino (Tesino) % of the whole 3% 17% 45% 35% 100% Cinte Tesino (Tesino) % of the whole 0% 15% 24% 62% 100% Pieve Tesino (Tesino) % of the whole 2% 21% 32% 44% 100% AREA TOTAL % of the whole 2% 23% 34% 41% 100% Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT, 2001 Over the last few years, the Tesino-Vanoi area has shown to be in a difficult social and economic situation mainly due to: The peripheral location of the area, when compared with the production, administration and service hubs of the province. In addition to this, the area is not easily accessible from within the province nor from the major roads from outside the province; The insufficient inclination to productive investments, which is caused by scarce integration among players of the economic network and lack of a general strategic perspective which allows to start integrated, long-term actions; The absence of elements such as structures, services, businesses which are able to attract the interest of operators and markets. A driving force encouraging the local industry and attracting markets is absent. With regard to this situation, the territorial Pact for the Tesino-Vanoi area has singled out the development of crafts and industry among its strategic priorities. Among its objectives, it has also planned to carry out: Projects of development of productive activities which are already present in the area and/or start-up of new initiatives. These initiatives can establish positive, direct relations with the local touristic system, both in terms of the provision of services and products to businesses working in the touristic field and in terms of the offer of products which are linked to the area s features, or are able to use primary resources and/or semi-finished products coming from toher local productive sectors; Entrepreneurial projects aiming to develop the area s primary resources for productive and occupational purposes, with particolar attention to the manufacturing of wood, the existing activities of extraction and manfufacturing of stone to be used for building and furnishing, the manufacturing and transformation of agriculture, livestock, forest activities. All of these 49

50 activities will have to be compatible with the territory s environmental balance and aim to preserve it; Projects aiming at intensifying relations among businesses or the networking of businesses or specific business functions which can produce benefits for the companies that are involved and the whole local production, from the economic, organisational/management, commercial perspective; Projects of re-location of local businesses away from inhabited centres or environmentally or functionally inadequate locations more suitable areas for production. The goal is to improve the territorial structure as a whole and its functionality for touristic puposes; Public investment projects aiming at providing infrastructure to productive areas or helping the competitiveness of industrial and craft businesses in terms of availability of communication services, accessibility, power-related costs, disposal of industrial waste; Projects promoted by public bodies, entrepreneurial organisations or companies to revive and enhance enterprise, with the goal of widening the local entrepreneurship with specific reference to the above mentioned objectives. The table below summarises the data on the economic characteristics that have been presented. Inhabitants employed in different sectors Table 60 Economic characteristics of the Tesino-Vanoi area Agriculture: 5% (Province 5%) Industry: 38% (Province 31%) Commerce: 21% (Province 20%) Service: 37% (Province 44%) Unemployment rate 3,75% (Province 3,3%) Agriculture: 1% (Province 1%) Employees Industry: 23% (Province 31%) Commerce: 25% (Province 22%) Service: 42% (Province 46%) Local units by productive sector Agriculture: 2% (Province 1%) Industry: 23% (Province 23%) Commerce: 34% (Province 31%) Service: 41% (Province 44%) Local businesses Agricultural businesses: Arts and crafts Small- and medium-sized enterprises Presence of traditional activities such as agriculture, forestry, arts and crafts Predominant periodicity linked to agricultural activities Energy production from Photovoltaic and solar energy production is planned to feed renewable sources non-hotel structures (mountain chalets) Sustainable mobility systems Absent Source: our elaboration 50

51 The touristic sector Territory 1: Valle del Chiese The touristic movement In 2008 the arrivals in Valle del Chiese were 31,333 while the total presences ampunted to 240,981, equal to 1.05% and to 1.64% of the provincial total. One can see from the table below that the arrivals are concentrated in the second homes, followed by hotels, while the presence are concentrated mainly in second homes, which together with the private homes and complementary accommodation cover 70% of total presences. Table 61 Arrivals and presences from 1998 to 2008 in different types of accommodation Esercizi alberghieri Arrivi Presenze Esercizi complementari Arrivi Presenze Alloggi privati Arrivi Presenze Seconde case Arrivi Presenze Totale Arrivi Presenze Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT The trend in arrivals over the past 10 years shows a trend of moderate but unsteady growth, with a sharp rise between 2003 and This trend is particularly related to the case of second homes, while it is less important for hotel and private accommodation, whereas it shows signs of slight decline in alternative accommodation types. Second homes proved to be the most popular type of accommodation. Figure 23 Arrivals in Valle del Chiese Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT 51

52 Figure 24 Presences in Valle del Chiese Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT After several years of fairly good growth, the presences declined slightly from 2007 to This drop in growth results mainly in hotels and alternative accommodation types, whereas second homes showed moderate, stable growth last year. The average stay of tourists in the valley has seen a decrease in the last 10 years, declining from 8.4 nights to 7.7 in This figure assumes greater significance when referring to the hotel sector alone, for which the decrease is very noticeable: from 4.9 nights to 3.5. Figure 25 and 26 Average stay duration according to accommodation type Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT Permanenza Media 8,4 8,5 7,8 8,1 8,6 8,2 8,0 8,0 7,9 8,2 7,7 Permanenza Media Alberghiero 4,9 5,0 4,1 4,3 4,3 4,5 4,2 4,8 4,0 4,2 3,5 Permanenza Media Extralberghiero 9,6 10,0 9,3 9,8 10,8 9,8 9,6 9,3 9,4 9,8 9,4 Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT 52

53 The structure of the offer The hotel sector The Valle del Chiese, from the standpoint of hotel accommodation, is rather modest. There are 24 hotels, with 762 beds. The municipality of Roncone alone represents 33% of the total number of hotel accommodation, followed by Storo which has 14%. The qualitative offer is aimed at the middle - low part of the market: 3-star hotels are 45%, while 2-star hotels represent 39% and 1-star hotels only 16%. 3-star hotels, although less numerous than 2-star hotels, are the dominant hotel accommodation in terms of bed number. Table 62 The hotel structure by municipality Municipality 1-star 2-star 3-star TOTAL N. Beds N. Beds N. Beds N. Beds Bersone Bondo Bondone Brione Castel Condino Cimego Condino Daone Lardaro Pieve di Bono Praso Prezzo Roncone Storo Total Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT Figure 27 The division of hotels by the number of stars Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT The hotels are of a medium to small size, which equals 31.8 beds per hotel, 15 rooms per hotel on average. 53

54 Table 63 The average dimension of hotels Star Average dimension 1-star 21 2-star star 56.7 Total 31.8 Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT Over the past 10 years Valle del Chiese has lost 8 hotels, and the total capacity of beds has fallen by 11%. The non-hotel sector Valle del Chiese is well-equipped in terms of non-hotel accommodation. The different accommodation facilities amount to 1,610, with a total of 7,890 beds. Beds are concentrated mainly in second homes, private accommodation structures, holiday camps, camping sites and caravans, covering 92% of the total. Second homes, alone, represent more than half of the non-hotel sector. The remaining 8% is divided between campsites, guesthouses, B & Bs, lodges and farmhouses, which, taken individually, do not represent a significant number. The average size of non-hotel structures equals 5.5 beds per facility, but there is a great discrepancy between campsites (322), refuges, holiday camps and holiday homes (between 30 and 40 beds) and private housing and second homes (5 beds per structure). Table 64 The non-hotel sector Accommodation type N. Beds % Beds of the whole Rent a room, vacation homes and apartments, % Bed & Breakfast Camping Sites % Refuges % Holiday camps and caravans % Holiday homes % Agritourism and agricamping % Private lodgings % Second homes % Total % Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT 54

55 Figure 28 The non-hotel sector structure by type Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT The average size of non-hotel facilities is equal to 4.9 beds per facility, but there is a great discrepancy between campsites (240), refuges, holiday camps and holiday homes (around 40 beds) and private accomodation and second homes (4 beds per structure). Table 65 The average capacity of non-hotel accommodation Accommodation type Average Capacity Rent a room, vacantion homes and apartments, Bed & Breakfast 8 Campsites 240 Refuges 42 Holiday camps and caravans 40 Holiday homes 47 Agritourisms and agricamping 7 Private lodgings 4 Second homes 4 Total 4.9 Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT The average capacity of the hotels in Valle del Chiese is less than half that of the provincial average (60) because the hotels are small family-run businesses. As for the non-hotel sector, the average capacity is aligned with provincial standards, as expected, since in the valley, as elsewhere in the region, the predominant type of alternative accommodation is represented by second homes. Over the past 10 years, from 1998 to 2008, the number of non-hotel accommodation structures decreased by 9%, and as a consequence the number of beds decreased by 10%. 55

56 Considering the rates of use of the accommodation facilities, it is notable that in terms of tourism they are greatly underutilised. The rate is calculated by dividing the presences by the theoretically maximum capacity of accommodation obtained by multiplying the number of beds for 365 days. Table 66 The rate regarding the use of the accommodation facilities Accommodation type Hotel Non-hotel Total Presences Number of beds Theoretical maximum accomodation capacity Use rate 11.2% 7.3% 7.6% Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT Targets, products, markets Products The Eco-museum was established in 2002 in Valle del Chiese. The unusual position of the valley, located on the border of the Lombardy region, inspired the name of this Eco-museum, "Porta del Trentino" (Trentino s door), because the territory is the ideal gateway to the Alpine world. This is a project built around three types of fundamental products, distributed in an area where the weather alternates from the glacial environment of Adamello to the more moderate climate of Lake Idro: the touristic offer of Valley del Chiese has therefore been sold on three concepts: Nature, History and Art and Taste. The product Nature focuses on the typical pre-alpine and alpine landscape villages: the Valle di Daone, a true pearl of the Dolomites landscape and of the plateau of Boniprati, the Valley Breguzzo and all the areas of high altitude feature an unspoilt countryside. The history of the Lodron Family, the evocation of World War I and the recovery of ancient works along the Path of Ethnography of the Rio Caino di Cimego are the most important points of the Route of Memory, which winds its way through the marks left on the territory by World War I, such as the barrage of Lardaro and the Monumental Cemetery of Bondo, and the memory of local traditions. The special geographic location of the valley, which in the past was the favoured holiday location for many artists, mainly from Brescia, enabled the creation of works of great historical and artistic prestige, preserved in the two parish churches of Condino and Pieve di Bono. The third type of product is related to gastronomy and leads to the rediscovery of flavours and ingredients of an antique cuisine: corn meal from Storo, the Spressa from Roncone, the cicerbita alpina from the Valle di Daone are just some of a few products that the locals have been able to draw from the resources of the earth, in a synthesis of science, culture, folklore and nature. The low-impact touristic offer of this area is a deliberate alternative to the typical mass tourism offers that characterise the more well-known mountain villages. The current products have good potential of attracting tourists on the level of gastronomy and active holidays. The typical pre-alpine and alpine landscape located in Valle del Chiese is an interesting synthesis, with plants and diverse wildlife concentrated in just a few kilometres. The path which traces around the river Chiese becomes a journey of discovery, a route that leads from the lake at the bottom of the valley, characterised by the 56

57 presence of trees and plants typical of more temperate climates, to the massive rocks of the Adamello range. The main products and activities are: Nature Presence of the Adamello Brenta Nature Park, with a Park house in Val Daone; Trekking: well established footpaths and pathways of varying degrees of difficulty, from simple walks along the plateau of Boniprati, to the visit to Cima Tombea, known to botanists throughout Europe for the extraordinary concentration of endemic flower species still growing there; Mountain biking and cycling: more than 400 kilometres of track for bike and cycling lovers; Winter sports: due to the valley s orographic conformation there is the opportunity to go skiing, mountaineering, snowshoeing and ice-climbing on slopes of varying difficulty; Recreational fishing: the wealth of waterways offers the opportunity to go fishing; Lake tourism and surfing at Lake Idro and Lake Roncone, where the surrounding area has been turned into a miniature golf course, a children s play area, several picnic and parking areas and wooden piers, often frequented by fishermen who are attracted by the rich variety of fish in the lake; There is the opportunity to go canoeing and caving; History and art: Flavours: Lodron: the Lodron Family s buildings and castles, for instance the Castle of San Giovanni; The Christian churches; World War I: The Great War Museum of Bersone, Austrian-Hungarian Monumental Cemetery of Bondo; the offer of paths is being developed and increased. The aim is that of creating a museum centre located on the Forte Larino Corno line. Traditions and ancient knowledge: museum of popular traditions and customs, a small museum of the rural culture of Bondo, ethnographic path of Rio Caino; Taste itinerary leading to the discovery of the flavours and ingredients of the traditional cuisine, backed up by some excellent local products such as corn meal from Storo, brook and mountain trout, turnips from Bondo, chestnuts and mushrooms, the Spressa from Roncone, alpine chicory, honey in its varieties (chestnut, mountain pine, flower essences) Educational tourism: didactic learning paths and personalised, structured training walkways for school groups; Markets 57

58 The main markets are the neighbouring regions in both summer and winter. The province of Brescia is in first place, followed by Cremona and Mantova. The first foreign market is Germany, then the Netherlands, and then to follow Croatia. Targets Current targets are represented by families with children, senior couples, school groups, individual adult guests (over 30 years old) and athletes. The present target corresponds to that of the target desired. Obviously there is ample room for growth in each of the target areas, with particular focus on foreign customers, especially Germany. The table below shows the main information related to the tourism sector. Investigated Area Item Demand Arrivals 31,333 and presences 240,891 Hotels: 13% Non-hotels: 87% Arrivals: + 15% when compared to 1998 Presences: +7% when compared to 1998 Average stay: 7.7 Hotel: 3.5 Non-hotel: 9.4 Offer Hotel: 24 structures with 762 beds Structure: -1% when compared to 1998 Beds: -11% when compared to 1998 Average dimensions: 31.8 Non-hotel: 1,610 structures with 7,890 beds Structures: -9% when compared to 1998 Beds: -10% when compared to 1998 Average stay: 4.9 Hotel use rate: 7.6 Hotel: 11.2 Non hotel: 7.3 Targets, products and markets Current Target: families with children, elderly people, school groups, individual adult guests; it corresponds to the desired target. Market: domestic (bordering areas). Foreign market is hardly developed (German market prevalent, followed by Holland and Croatia) Current products: linked to nature, sport, memory and knowledge of antique gastronomy. Scope for further development. Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT 58

59 Territory 2: Valle dei Mocheni The touristic movement In 2008 arrivals in Valle dei Mòcheni amounted to 5,961, equal to 0.13% of the whole of the province, while presences amounted to 46,946, equal to 0.16%. Both arrivals and presences were concentrated in second homes, which total 60% of the whole. All other types of accommodation, in which arrivals and presences were distributed in quite a uniform way, scored lower results (Table 67). Table 67 Arrivals and presences in different types of accommodation in 2008 Accommodation type Arrivals Presences Hotels 18% 11% Alternative accommodation 11% 13% Private accommodation 11% 13% Second homes 60% 62% Total 100% 100% Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT The analysis of arrivals in the last 10 years shows a very volatile trend. A slight increase was recorded between 1998 and 2000, whereas arrivals peaked in 2001, only to decrease slightly to a -14% growth rate in On the contrary, from 2005 to 2008, arrivals gradually but steadily increased. When compared to 1998, they went up by 4.26%. If we analyse accommodation types in detail, second houses scored a 135% increase between 1998 and 2008, whereas hotels and private accommodation went down by 63% and 13% respectively. Figure 29 Arrivals in Valle dei Mòcheni Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT If we also consider presences, the trend has been inconsistent over the last ten years, as it has undergone both positive and negative changes. From 1998 to 2008, however, the growth rate was 6.14%. The 106.6% and 101.3% boost in presences in alternative accommodation types and second homes played a decisive role in this surge, while presences in hotels and private accommodation had a negative influence as they scored -68% and -40% respectively (Figure 30). 59

60 Figure 30 Presences in Valle dei Mòcheni Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT From the point of view of the territory, the Frassilongo and Sant Orsola Terme municipalities scored the highest number of presences, followed by Fierozzo and Palù del Fersina (Table 67). Table 68 Arrivals and presences in 2007 by municipality Municipalities Arrivals Presences Fierozzo 22% 20% Frassilongo 25% 31% Palù del Fersina 26% 17% Sant Orsola Terme 27% 31% AREA TOTAL 100% 100% Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT If we consider how presences are distributed month by month, the summer peak appears to be evident, thus demonstrating that periodicity is a strong element in the tourism of Valle dei Mòcheni. As a matter of fact, with the exceptions of July and August, presences only increased slightly in December and January, when compared to all of the other months (Figure 31). Figure 31 Monthly presences in Valle dei Mòcheni in 2007 Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT The average length of stay in Valle dei Mòcheni has not undergone significant changes over the last ten years. It amounted to 7/8 nights. If we analyse accommodation types individually, however, we can note that only alternative accommodation types recorded surges in tourist accommodation, shifting from 6.1 nights in 1998 to 10.1 nights in All of the other accommodation facilities underwent slight decreases. It is particularly interesting that the duration of stays in alternative accommodation types, private accommodation and second houses resulted to be twice as much as or even more - the duration of stays in hotels (Table 69). Table 69 Average stay duration according to accommodation type

61 Accommodation type Hotels Alternative accommodation Private accommodation Second homes Total Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT Offer structure The hotel sector Valle dei Mòcheni has a limited number of hotels. As a matter of fact, there are only 8 hotels in the area, with 231 beds. From the point of view of the geographic distribution, hotels are equally divided among the four municipalities, but slightly more numerous in the Sant Orsola Terme municipality (Table 70). Municipality Table 70 Hotel sector by municipality. Year star 2 stars TOTAL N. Beds N. Beds N. Beds Fierozzo Frassilongo Palù del Fersina Sant Orsola Terme AREA TOTAL Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT Hotels have an average of 29 beds each (Table 71). Table 71 Average dimension of hotels. Year 2007 Stars Average dimension 1-star 22 2-star TOTAL Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT Between 1999 and 2007 the number of hotels in the valley decreased by 27%. The number of beds underwent an even stronger reduction (-35%). The only positive change was recorded in terms of beds in 2-star hotels, which increased by 8.5% (Table 72). 61

62 The non-hotel sector Table 72 Change in hotel structure, Star Structures Beds 1-star -20% % 2-star -20% 8.51% 3-star -100% -100% TOTAL % % Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT Valle dei Mòcheni does not boast a large number of hotel structures. As a whole, there are 308 units, with 1,457 beds, which are mainly gathered in second homes (46%), private accommodation structures (29%), and holiday camps and camping (18%). The average dimension of non-hotel accommodation structures amounts to 4.7 beds per structure. Strong differences among different accommodation types are recorded as holiday camps and camping sites provide 44.2 beds each, refuges provide 26, whereas private accommodation, second homes and guest houses range from 3 to 5 beds (Table 73). Table 73 Non-hotel sector. Year 2007 Accommodation type N. Beds % Beds of the whole Average dimension Rent a room, holiday homes and apartments, B&B 1 5 0% 5 Camping sites 0 0 0% 0 Refuges % 26.5 Holiday camps and caravans % 44.2 Holiday homes 0 0 0% 0 Agritourism and agricamping % 7.8 Private lodging % 3.5 Second homes % 3.9 Other types 0 0 0% 0 AREA TOTAL % 4,7 Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT Between 1999 and 2007 the number of non-hotel structures in the valley went up by 39%, whereas the number of beds increased by 51%. These data were surely influenced by the surge in rented rooms, holiday homes and apartments. B&Bs, camping sites, agritourism and agricamping (Table 75). Table 74 Changes in the non-hotel sector, Accommodation type Structure Beds Rent a room, holiday homes and apartments, B&B 100% 500% Camping, Agritourism and agricamping 200% 136% Other: Refuges Holiday camps and caravans Holiday homes Other types 33% 113% 62

63 Private lodgings 2% -2% Second homes 78% 77% AREA TOTAL 39% 51% Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT The calculation of the rate regarding the use of accommodation facilities (7.12%) highlights that they are not used very much (Table 75). Table 75 Rate regarding the use of accommodation facilities, year 2007 Accommodation type Hotel Non-hotel Total Presences Beds Theoretical maximum accommodation capacity 84, , ,120 Rate of use 6.63% 7.20% 7.12% Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT Targets, products and markets Products The products offered by Valle dei Mòcheni are related to the natural and rural dimension of tourism and sport practice, which ranges from trekking to riding mountain bikes, skiing, walking with snowshoes, etc. As a matter of fact, the valley has been described as The Enchanted Valley for its typical, unspoilt environment. For this reason, the environment, pristine mountain landscapes, mountain chalets and refuges in the area, together with the opportunity of doing sport activities in the open air (both during the summer and winter) are the main attractions of the territory. The valley s touristic potential is good, but the quality of the offer as a whole needs to be effectively developed and improved. One step in such direction has been made with Valle dei Mòcheni s Territorial Pact, which, among its goals, stresses the potential of the whole territory, and singles out actions aimed at reaching suitable quality standards for an up-to-date accommodation offer, which will have to be managed through forms of joint management and the construction of structures and facilities necessary for the achievement of the goals that have been set. Among the interventions that have been planned is the relaunch of spas, through the recovery of the spring in the Pegara mine in the Sant Orsola Terme municipality 6. Sant Orsola s thermal water is ferruginous and similar to that of Pergine s spa. The thermal spring has always attracted a large number of tourists who have visited the valley to benefit from its healing qualities. The Hotel Terme used to greatly profit from this influx, as it was located close to the spring. However, in 2000 the business that was running the spring went bankrupt and spa tourism experienced a sudden stop, which caused the loss of numerous tourists. Today, the valley s spring could be used for therapeutic purposes, but an organisation able to manage the spa is absent. The resource is there, but its potential is not exploited. The objective is to find an organisation which is able to manage spa tourism in Valle dei Mòcheni. However the scarcity of financial resources makes 6 From Patto Territoriale Valle dei Mòcheni. Piano strategico di sviluppo. 63

64 this project difficult to carry out. Before World War II the plan was to bring water to Pergine to bottle it, but war prevented the project from being implemented. Summarising, the valley s touristic products are: Holidays in mountain chalets: the Progetto Baite, i.e. mountain chalet project, refers to actions aiming to re-use heritage of great potential, i.e. the so-called baiti 7, which can become important facilities for typical and quality accommodation. Trekking: every village in the valley features numerous trekking paths, ranging from typical trekking in the woods to more demanding excursions to the Lagorai mountains. Mountain biking and bicycle touring: there are many bicycle paths which are suitable especially for mountain bikes. Winter sports: winter offers the opportunity of skiing at the Panarotta resort, trekking on snowshoes, ski touring, cross country skiing and ice skating. Enogastronomy: countryside-related, milk, cheese, smoked meat, mushrooms, fruit dishes, traditional cuisine are provided. Historic, cultural paths. It is possible to learn about the history and culture of the valley by visiting the three locations of the Bersntoler Museum: the mine-museum Gruab va Hardimbl, the Filzerhof, an ancient rural building that has been restored, and the Mil, an ancient watermill. In 2006 a memorial path was completed, recalling the clash between the Italian and Austrian armies in the years Events and festivals: numerous events are organised especially in the summer. Among them, the Bersntol Ring is worth mentioning. It is a tour that helps to discover the valley s gastronomy, folklore, professions of the past and environment. Markets Valle dei Mòcheni predominantly attracts tourists coming from neighbouring regions and also Veneto. Foreign tourists account for only 4% of arrivals and 2% of presences, thus suggesting that the main catchment area is Italian. Targets Families and couples are Valle dei Mòcheni s reference targets, if we consider typical mountain chalet holidays, while customer loyalty prevails in hotels, where customers are predominantly retired and elderly people. A small niche of tourists is represented by radical environmentalists, who find unspoilt landscapes and environment in the valley. However, they are also often annoyed by daily touristic activities. In addition to this, with the accomplishment of the mountain chalet project the targeted customers that must be reached are: mountaineers, hikers, naturalists, health fanatics, curious and careful tourists, lovers of traditions, history and natural science scholars, anthropologists, but also walkers, orienteerers, bikers, lovers of summer and winter trekking, horse riders, alpine skiers, mountain sports 7 This is a small rural construction, designed primarily to farm animals. Made up of small rooms on the ground floor for the animals and the second floor is the temporary residence for the farmers. 64

65 enthusiasts, photographers, lovers of certain types of singing and music, visitors looking for pristine, genuine tourism. Customers can mainly be identified within precise motivational niches. Therefore, they can be reached with specific mailing lists. Customers will have very well defined motivations and want to enjoy what the territory offers. These offers must be developed adequately through services that are started in the valley and through operators qualified professionalism 8. Thus, these are the desired targets, together with families with children. They are considered to be suitable for the area s touristic offer. Table 76 sums up the information about the area s touristic characteristics. Investigated area Demand Offer Targets, products and markets Table 76 The touristic sector Item 5961 arrivals and presences Hotel: 11% Non-hotel: 89% Predominat months: July and August Arrivals: +4.26% when compared to 1998 Presences: +6.15% when compared to 1998 Average stay: 7.8 Hotel: 4.8 Non-hotel: 9.13 Hotel: 8 hotels with 231beds Number of hotels: -27% when compared to 1997 Beds: -35% when compared to 1997 Average dimension: Non-hotel: 308 structures with 1,457 beds Structures: +39% when compared to 1997 Beds: +51% when compared to 1997 Average stay: 4.7 Hotel use rate: 7.12 Hotel: 6.63 Non-hotel: 7.20 Current targets: families and elderly people. Desired target: families with children, and tourists interested in nature and sports Market: domestic (bordering areas). Foreign market underdeveloped. Current products: linked to the countryside, nature and sport; linked to a lesser extent to enogastronomy and culture. Not developed products. Source: etourism 8 From Patto territoriale Valle dei Mòcheni. Piano Strategico di sviluppo. 65

66 Territory 3: Tesino - Vanoi Touristic movement In 2008 arrivals in the Tesino-Vanoi area totalled 25,945, while presences amounted to , equalling 0.56% and 0.74% of the province. Arrivals gathered in subsidiary accommodation types and second homes, while presences gathered especially in second homes, which together with private and subsidiary accommodation account for 95% of the overall presences. Table 77 Arrivals and presences in different accommodation types in 2008 Accommodation type Arrivals Presences Hotels 14% 5% Alternative accommodation 38% 24% Private accommodation 21% 26% Second homes 27% 44% Total 100% 100% Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT Over the last 10 years the trend has been mild and inconsistent, especially from 2002 onwards. As a whole, the increase has amounted to 2%. Such trend has especially involved subsidiary accommodation types (+16%) and private accommodation (+18%). In the case of hotels (+5%) it has been less significant whereas it has been negative for second homes (-21%). Figure 32 Arrivals in the Tesino-Vanoi area Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT With regard to presences over the last 10 years, unlike the trend of arrivals, a decrease (-27%) has been recorded, mainly due to the drop in presences of second houses (-36%), in hotels (-35%) and private accommodation (-28%). Other types of lodging facilities recorded a +3% increase. 66

67 Figure 33 Presences in the Tesino-Vanoi area Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT If we consider the distribution on the territory, the municipality that has recorded the most presences is Canal San Bovo, followed by Castello Tesino and Pieve Tesino. Table 78 Arrivals and presences by municipality, year 2008 Municipality Arrivals Presences Canal San Bovo (Vanoi) 30% 33% Bieno (Tesino) 10% 11% Castello Tesino (Tesino) 34% 28% Cinte Tesino (Tesino) 5% 8% Pieve Tesino (Tesino) 21% 19% AREA TOTAL 100% 100% Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT If we consider the situation on a monthly basis, it seems clear that the Tesino-Vanoi area scores the best results mainly in the summer, whereas there is a slight increase in presences in the months of December and January in the period close to New Year s Day. July and August, which record 21% of 48% of the presences respectively, account for 69% of the presences in the whole year. Figure 34 Monthly presences in the Tesino-Vanoi area. Year 2008 Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT The average length of stay of tourists in the area has decreased in the last 10 years, shifting from 11.9 nights to 8.4 in The data is even more important if we consider only the hotel sector, in which 67

68 the decrease is more tangible, shifting from 4.7 to 2.9 nights (Table 22). The average stay in alternative types of accommodation is about twice as much as that of hotels. Accommodation type Table 79 Average stay duration according to accommodation type Hotels Alternative accommodation Private accommodation Second homes Total Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT The structure of the offer Hotel sector The Tesino-Vanoi area has a rather limited hotel sector. There are 14 hotels with 363 beds (Tabella 23). It is possible to note that the offer in the area is strong in only two municipalities, Castello Tesino (48% of the whole offer of beds) and Canal San Bovo (45%), which can therefore be considered respectively as the hubs of Tesino and Vanoi. The qualitative offer is addressed to the low market bracket and beds are proportionally distributed among one-, two-, and three-star hotels. Municipality Table 80 Hotel structure by municipality, year star 2-stars 3-stars TOTAL N. Beds N. Beds N. Beds N. Beds Canal San Bovo (Vanoi) Bieno (Tesino) Castello Tesino (Tesino) Cinte Tesino (Tesino) Pieve Tesino (Tesino) AREA TOTAL Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT Hotels have small average dimensions, amounting to 25.9 beds each, on average 13 hotel rooms. Table 81 Average dimension of hotels. Year 2008 Star Average dimension 1-star star star

69 TOTAL 25.9 Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT Over the last 10 years, from 1998 to 2008, the number of hotels has decreased by 18%. Likewise, the number of beds has gone down by 20%. Table 82 Change in hotel structure, Star Structures Beds 1-star -50% - 57% 2-star 0% -14% 3-star +300% +213% TOTAL -18% -20% Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT The non-hotel sector Tesino-Vanoi is well-equipped in terms of non-hotel accommodation. Accommodation structures amount to 2,378, with 13,093 beds (Table 26). Beds are mainly concentrated in second homes and private lodgings, which account for 84% of the whole. Campsites and holiday camps account for the remaining 16%, while the number of beds in refuges and agritourisms is very low (Table 26). The average size of non-hotel structures equals 5.5 beds per facility, but there is a great discrepancy between campsites (322), refuges, holiday camps and holiday homes (between 30 and 40 beds) and private housing and second homes (5 beds per structure). Table 83 Non-hotel sector. Year 2008 Accommodation type N. Beds % Beds of Average the whole dimension Rent a room, holiday homes, apartments, B&B % 10.4 Camping sites 4 1, % Refuges % 31.0 Holiday camps and caravans % 40.3 Holiday homes % 30.0 Agritourism and agricamping % 11.0 Private lodging 709 3, % 4.6 Second homes 1,638 7, % 4.7 Other types % AREA TOTAL 2,378 13, % 5.5 Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT Over the past 10 years, from 1998 to 2008, the number of non-hotel accommodation structures increased by 25%, as well as beds, which increased by 22%. 69

70 Table 84 Changes in the non-hotel sector, Accommodation type Structure Beds Rent a room, holiday homes and apartments, B&B 400% 478% Camping, Agritourism and agricamping 100% 60% Other Refuges Holiday camps and caravans -41% -37% Holiday homes Other types Private lodgings 24% 15% Second homes 26% 32% AREA TOTAL 25% 22% Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT Considering the rates of use of the accommodation facilities, it is notable that in terms of tourism they are greatly underutilised. The rate is calculated by dividing the presences by the theoretically maximum capacity of accommodation obtained by multiplying the number of beds for 365 days. Table 85 Rate regarding the use of accommodation facilities, year 2008 Accommodation type Hotel Non-hotel Total Presences 10, , ,562 Beds ,456 Theoretical maximum accommodation capacity 132,495 4,778,945 4,911,440 Rate of use 8.2% 4.3% 4.5% Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT Targets, products and markets Products The products that the Tesino-Vanoi can offer are mainly connected with nature and sport and range from holidays in mountain chalets, trekking, horse riding, mountain biking and bicycle touring, canyoning, golf, winter sport, fishing, hang gliding and paragliding. Phytotherapy and enograstronomy offers are also available. The close contact with nature is the basis for the area s touristic offer, which has a low environmental impact and is an alternative to the mass tourism which characterises more successful mountain resorts. Furthermore, the products that are present in the area have are potentially attractive for active tourists. The Tesino-Vanoi has the potential to become successful as a modern mountain destination, in which the landscape is not only a background, but also the key motivational aspect of the holiday, making the holiday more interesting, original and dynamic. 70

71 Nevertheless, the level of the offer of such products is not very high. In fact, the area has begun a path of touristic development that has materialised with the Patto Territoriale del Tesino e del Vanoi, i.e. the area s territorial pact, which however has not yet been able to find its own proper definition and reach a satisfying level of touristic attractiveness. If only the intrinsic characteristics of the product are considered, and not the problems related to networking, promotion and governance, which will be dealt with later on in this text, products appear to need qualitative improvement, also by adding ancillary services necessary to create a complete and satisfactory offer. The following is a brief description of tourism products: Trekking. The presence of alpine trails (about one hundred miles of well kept, signposted trails, with varying degrees of difficulty; presence of high mountain areas but there are also lower areas, less difficult and which are more accessabile for families; Mountain biking and cycling. Several proposed trails (five in Tesino and five in Vanoi) for a total of 270 km, which were designed to reach various places of rest stops, such as malghe and agritourisms. In addition to these routes, there are forest roads and trails that are well adapted to be used as bike paths. Finally, there is the possibility of hiring mountain bikes. Trekking on horseback. Presence of a path of 120 km in Vanoi, which starts from Maso Paradisi and allows you to visit the mountain huts and shelters at high altitude. 5 different trips have been organised. Even in Tesino this sort of circuits have recently been completed. Canyoning. Presence of the Vanoi river. It is possible to go down the river by paddle for a long stretch. Different canoe and kayak itineraries are proposed, which are divided by level of difficulty. In Tesino, presence of Forra del Grigno; Golf. In Tesino, there is a 9-hole golf course, which also has a golf practice course; Recreational fishing. Trout fishing in Tesino, but predominantly in Vanoi; Winter sport. In Tesino on the Brocon passage, there are seven lifts for alpine ski slopes of medium / low difficulty. The Nordic skiing offer is slightly smaller (two rings of approximately 10 km) while the area is well-suited to ski touring and snowshoeing tours; Hang gliding and paragliding. Sports proposed in the Vanoi area with 4 different types of flight; Enogastronomic and phytotherapy proposals. Area rich in mushrooms and officinal herbs. Markets Tourists who visit the Tesino Vanoi come mainly from close-by regions, especially Veneto, Lombardy and Emilia Romagna. The foreign market is not developed very much. It mainly involves the German market and is addressed in particolar to those visitors who are accommodated in the recent campsite. Targets The current target is mainly represented by families or elderly people. It is still considered a medium/low target from the point of view of social and economic conditions. 71

72 The desired target corresponds to that of an active tourist, who sees the mountains as a natural gym and at the same time loves relaxing in a peaceful environment which is able to offer him services that can help him fully enjoy the area. Therefore, the aimed target is not that of families or elderly people, who enjoy the landscape in a more passive way for reasons connected with their conditions, but a dynamic audience retaining a certain spirit of adventure and a good degree of carefulness to the environment (dynamic tourism). We will stress that we do not want the current family-related target to be abandoned, but increase the flow of tourists by focusing on the new target that has been singled out. This considered, it seems essential that the offer must be defined by following the typology of the experience that is looked for. The offer must also aim specific targets in a correct way. The table below summarises the information that has been presented about touristic characteristics. Table 86 The touristic sector Investigated area Item Demand Arrivals and presences 21,8562 Hotel: 5% Non-hotel: 95% Predominant months: July and August Arrivals: + 2% when compared to 1998 Presences: -27% when compared to 1998 Average stay: 8.4 Hotel: 2.9 Non-hotel: 9.3 Offer Hotels: 14 hotels with 363 beds Number of hotels: -18% when compared to 1998 Beds: -20% when compared to 1998 Average dimension: 25.9 Non-hotel: 2,378 structures with 13,093 beds Structures: +25% when compared to 1998 Beds: +22% when compared to1998 Average stay: 5.5 Accommodation use rate: 4.5 Hotel: 8.2 Non-hotel: 4.3 Target, products and Current target: medium/low, famiglie and elderly people. markets Desired target: active eco-tourist Market: domestic (bordering areas). Foreign market underdeveloped (German market predominant) Current products: linked to the countryside, nature and sport; linked to a lesser extent to enogastronomy. Not developed. Source: etourism 72

73 Tourism Resources Audit Territory 1: Valle del Chiese Description of the resources Natural attractions Valle del Chiese is rich in natural attractions which are still largely intact and with great development potential: Adamello Brenta Natural Park, the largest protected area in Trentino, with a Park House in Val Daone; The river in Valle del Chiese, with its mountain drainage basin and large dams; Glacial groove, deeply carved by the river Chiese which flows down from the Adamello glaciers and dozens of streams come off it which mark the sides of mountains, and open many side valleys. From the valley some important peaks are reached, such as Dosso dei Morti (2183 mt), Re di Castello (2891 mt), Cop di Breguzzo (2997 mt) Carè Alto (3462 mt), Corno di Cavento (3402 mt) and Cima Cresta Croce (3307 mt) During the winter in the valley, this combination of mountains and flowing streams give shape to numerous ice waterfalls; Val di Fumo: with its typical U-shape, it can be found located inside the Natural Park Adamello Brenta. The valley has a rich heritage of specimens of flora and fauna; Plateau Boniprati: area 1160 metres above sea level, with a small characteristic swampy biotope; Lake Roncone: it is skirted by a scenic road, on the adjacent fields a miniature golf course, a playground, several picnic and parking areas and wooden piers have been built; Lake Idro; Cima Tombea: situated in the range of mountains which stretch from Lake Garda and Lake Idro, modest in height, similar to that of the nearby mountains, but very interesting for its landscape and for its geological formation. It is known to botanists throughout Europe for its extraordinary concentration of endemic species of plants and flowers which still grow, having survived the last ice age; Table 87 The natural touristic resources Denomination Accessibility Volume of activities and rate of use Valle di Daone Good. Varying levels of difficulty for Medium/low. Val di Fumo Altopiano di Boniprati excursionists. Good. Varying levels of difficulty for excursionists. Good. Medium/low. Medium/low. Type of visitor Predominantly internal market Predominantly internal market Predominantly internal market 73

74 Laghi Internal and Good. Medium. external market. Bacino del Chiese Good. Medium/low. Not available. Source: etourism Cultural Attractions Valle del Chiese still has traces of its defence line, which descends from the Adamello group and stretches horizontally in a succession of forts, trenches, barrier lines and mule tracks. Of the five forts which defended the Austro-Hungarian line and which formed the Lardaro barrier, only three remain: Forte Larino, Forte Corno and Forte Carriola. Forte Carriola has not undergone any restoration work, unlike the other two. These forts demonstrate the progressive evolution of construction techniques adopted by the Austrian military genius. Less evident traces, but not less significant, are gathered in the Great War Museum in Bersone, while a symbol of reconciliation among peoples is the Austro- Hungarian Monumental Cemetery, Bondo. The Path of Peace winds its way along the line the Italian- Austrian front in World War I. The past evidence which is linked to history and art revolves around the history of the powerful mediaeval house of the Lodron Family, whose richness and prestige are still demonstrated by Castel San Giovanni, Castel Romano, the residences of Palazzo Caffaro and Palazzo Bavaria. In the reminiscence of agricultural traditions a lot of importance is given to ancient arts and crafts, through the development of mountain huts, Casa Marsacalchi in Cimego (a museum of traditions), Bondo s little museum of rural culture, the Rio Caino ethnographic path and the recovery of wood carving thanks to the school of Praso. Table 88 The cultural resources Denomination Accessibility Ownership and Management Forte Larino Forte Corno Forte Carriola Bersone World War I Museum Bondo Monumental Cemetery Castel San Giovanni Castel Romano Palazzo Caffaro Palazzo Bavaria Good (scarce road signs) Good (scarce road signs) Inaccessible Good Lardaro municipality Praso municipality Pieve di Bono municipality Bersone municipality Volume of activity and rate of use Medium Low Inaccessible Medium Good Bondo municipality Medium Accessible by foot along an easy dirt track. Good Bondone municipality Pieve di Bono municipality Low Medium Good Private Inaccessible Good Private Inaccessible Type of visitors Predominantly internal market Predominantly internal market Predominantly internal market Predominantly internal market Predominantly internal market Predominantly internal market Predominantly internal market Predominantly internal market Predominantly internal market 74

75 Museum of popular traditions Rural civilisation Museum Good Cimego municipality Low Good Bono municipality Low Source: etourism Predominantly internal market Predominantly internal market Events and festivals There are many events organised in Valle del Chiese, even though on the whole they are generally local events with few tourists present. The principle events mainly dedicated to tourists are: Sounds of the Dolomites IWC Speed Rock Alpine and cross country skiing and snowshoeing mountain bike 9 hours Table 89 Tourism resources shows and events Denomination Period Organising Body Consorzio Turistico Sounds of the Dolomites Summer Valle del Chiese with Trentino Spa Comitato Iwc January pareti di cristallo Speed rock Ski Rally End of July, beginning of August Winter Speed rock committee Cai, Sat, various tourist offices Source: etourism Number of Participants Type of visitors 500/900 Italian Market 4000 Italian and Foreign Market 2000 Italian Market On average 400 participants per rally Italian Market Services and activities The area of Valle del Chiese, in terms of sports facilities, has a rather poor infrastructure for indoor sports and leisure activities. There are also no ski lifts. The catering structure In the area there is a good number of traditional restaurants offering typical dishes from the region, such as polenta from Storo, Spressa from Roncone, speck from Valle del Chiese and brook trout. 75

76 Strengths and Weaknesses of the Resources The strengths and weaknesses of the tourism resources are shared by all of the above resource types and can be summarised as follows. Strengths: presence of areas of high environmental value, of protected areas and areas with little anthropisation; the opportunity to do many more and less physically demanding - activities in contact with nature; Distinctive gastronomic offer and presence of typical produce; Presence of an interesting, complementary cultural offer (for example the Great War History Itinerary); accessibility, strategic position between the Lombardy region and Trentino and closeness to the main neighbouring cities (the province of Brescia, Verona, Bergamo and Milan); Bergamo and Verona airports are less than 200 km away; Central position in respect to the three touristic areas already well established nationally and internationally (Alto Adige, Val Rendena, Garda area); Weaknesses: inadequate exploitation of touristic resources; Few public (road) signs indicating where places of historical, cultural, artistic, naturalistic interest are located; Afforestation of the low lying area, not exploited from the point of view of tourism; Scarce winter tourism offer; Weak culture of hospitality and tourism in general; Low level of deseasonalisation; Weakness of the accommodation offer, in terms of quality and capacity; Prevalence of target with limited spending power. The following table summarizes the above points, and completes the SWOT analysis of the resources, detailing the main opportunities and threats that could occur from the exploitation of these resources. Table 90 SWOT anaylsis of the main resources Strengths Weaknesses 76

77 presence of areas of high environmental value, of protected areas and areas with little anthropisation; the opportunity to do many more and less physically demanding - activities in contact with nature; distinct gastronomic offer with presence of local produce; interesting complementary cultural offer (e.g. World War I Itinerary); good accessibility, strategic position between Lombardy and Trentino and closeness to the main neighbouring cities (Province of Brescia, Verona, Bergamo and Milan); Bergamo and Verona airports less than 200 km away; Central position in respect to the other three tourist areas already established nationally and internationally (Alto Adige, Val Rendena, Garda area) Opportunity Sharp increase in the request nationally and internationally for ecotourism; Increase in interest in soft sports and nature activities. Source: our elaboration inadequate exploitation of tourism resources; few road signs indicating where the places of historical, cultural, artistic, naturalistic interest are located; afforestation of the low lying area, not exploiting it from the point of view of tourism; scarce winter tourism; weak culture of hospitality and tourism in general; weakness of the receptive offer, in terms of quality and capacity; prevalence of target with limited spending power. Threat Negative environmental and social effects. 77

78 Territory 2: Valle dei Mocheni Description of the resources Natural attractions Valle dei Mòcheni is rich in natural attractions, left unspoilt by tourism exploitation. The area features: Unspoilt natural environment; A hostile but authentic mountain, in which the mountain range Lagorai is the protagonist. The valley is situated close to the Valsugana, the most western entrance to the chain. The presence of numerous streams, waterfalls, mountain lakes, including the famous Lake Erdemolo, situated between the mountains Pizzo Alto and Monte del Lago, Cima di Cave and Sopra Cornella. Forests and woods. Another tourist attraction in the valley is that of hot springs, even though presently they are only a potential tourist attraction, as both the curative activity and its associated hotel have been suspended. In the past, however, the Baths of St. Ursula had conquered their own space in the thermal scene of Trento, leading many to come to the area to be treated and bringing with them as many tourists. Possible revival of the spas would certainly be important in the process of repositioning the entire touristic offer of the Enchanting Valley. Table 91 Natural touristic resources Denomination Mountains Accessability Good. Presence of different levels of difficulty Volume of activity and level of use Medium/low Type of Visitor Predominantly internal market Streams, waterfalls and lakes Good Medium/low Predominantly internal market Thermal baths Only potential Absent Unavailable Source: etourism Cultural Attractions In addition to natural attractions, the Valle dei Mòcheni also offers several cultural attractions that recall the tradition and folklore of the population Mócheno. The institute Mòcheno can be regarded as the center of culture and history of the people of the valley. Among the institute's initiatives to remember, are the opening of the old mine Grua va Hardömbl and guided tours and recovery of the farm Filzerhof. The farm-museum Filzerhof is the place where the traditions and culture of the Mòcheni people are kept. It originates from the colonization of the left bank and the upper part of Valle del Fersina with 78

79 the arrival of German-speaking emigrants. The feudal lords of that time conceded to householders, on average, 20 hectares of land of which they had to till the soil and then could build their own home. The housing and land granted formed villages in the steep high areas (between 800 and 1400 meters). Above this altitude the mountain remained, and still is to this day, collectively owned. Filzerhof farm dates back to The rural-residential complex Filzerhof was acquired by the Culture Institute because of its great ethnographic interest, and its restoration work has taken place, using knowledge and traditional techniques of work. In 1998, once the first phase of restoration was finished and some rooms made were made available, the farm was partly opened to the public. Since prehistoric times, Valle dei Mòcheni has been known for its mineral deposits and for its related fusion. The former mine "Grua va Hardömbl", worked on as early as 1500, offers the chance to go inside and see the great work that man (with different techniques) has achieved. Work tools and equipment, original artefacts, minerals and other items take the mind back in time, to the past or the present. The mine is spread over three levels, one of which is flooded. It is so well preserved that it almost seems alive. The mine is situated about 5km from the centre of Palù, and is located near the path that leads to Lake Erdemolo, at a height of 1700 metres. There are guided tours of up to a maximum of 12 people. Another interesting structure is the old restored water-mill. Milling of grain required special facilities: thus in the area there were numerous mills. In establishing the museum in Valle dei Mòcheni, the Institute of Culture purchased and restored an old mill from Roveda, fed by the water of the stream Rio Rigolor. Strategically located near the path which leads to Falesina, the mill can be visited from April to early November. Further up stream cereal crops are cultivated. Opened on November , Pietra Viva Mineral Museum is another important cultural attraction. Among the structures to remember there is also the archaeological site, Acqua Fredda, situated on the Redebus Pass (1440 metres), which connects the plateau of Pine to Valle dei Mòcheni. It is one of the most important foundries of the late prehistoric Bronze Age in Europe. 9 smelters, and other instruments which work copper ore, such as grinding stones, have been found at the site. Table 92 Cultural touristic resources Denomination Accessibility Owner and management Volume of activity and level of use Type of visitor Filzerhof farmmuseum Good Kulturinstitut Information unavailable Predominantly domestic market Grua va Hardömbl Mine Good Kulturinstitut Information unavailable Predominantly domestic market Antique mill Good Kulturinstitut Information unavailable Predominantly domestic market Pietra Viva Museum Good Information unavailable Predominantly domestic market Acqua Fredda Archeological site Good Pre-historic foundry Redebus Pass Information unavailable Predominantly domestic market Source: etourism 79

80 Events and festivals All the events and festivals assume the role of recovering the identity and cultural heritage of Valle dei Mòcheni, which would have been otherwise lost. The main events in the summer are: The village feast; The Bersntol Ring, a journey of discovery, by foot or mountain bike, of the area s environment, gastronomy, folklore and ancient crafts. Along the way there are many areas with food stands offering local specialities, stands with photos and maps illustrating the history of the valley, corners with artists, musicians and craftsman. In the winter there is however to remember: The star song, which occurs between New Year s Eve and the Epiphany, is a ritual commemorating the three kings announcement of the birth of Jesus. The procession covers the whole of the area. A group of singers accompanied by some conscripts brings a bright star from one farm to another, stopping in front of every home to perform the antique songs. Carnival, whereby the rebirth of nature is celebrated, and masked performers sow seeds of well being and prosperity on the doorstep of every house. The Binter Bersntol Ring, a journey of discovery of the local cuisine, the territory, the traditions and culture. It is similar to the summer event. Both the summer and the winter events and festivals, mainly attract locals rather than tourists. Table 93 The touristic resources events and festivals Denomination Village festival Bersntol Ring Canto della Stella Carneval Binter Bersntol Ring Period All year August 31 December and January 6 th Organizing Body Local Organising Comittee Local Organising Comittee Local Organising Comittee Organising Febuary committee Local Febuary Organizing Comittee Source: etourism Number of participants Information unavailable Information unavailable Information unavailable Information unavailable Information unavailable Type of visitors Residents and Italian Market Residents and Italian Market Residents and Italian Market Residents and Italian Market Residents and Italian Market 80

81 Services and activities Throughout the entire valley the main facilities are for the residents: schools and nurseries, libraries, medical and social care, pharmacies. Sport facilities are very scarce. The only facilities are two gyms and a football field. The Territorial Pact for Valle dei Mòcheni provides, among its primary objectives, the construction of some facilities and of minimal services in order to enhance the standard of living of the residents and the present tourists. The catering structure The valley offers 8 hotels situated in the area in the four municipalities. There are 3 restaurants, one of which is only open on Friday evenings, Saturdays and Sundays by appointment and five agritourisms. Strengths and Weaknesses of the Resources The SWOT analysis can be used at the same time for all of the resources in Valle dei Mòcheni. In particular, the strengths can be summarised as follows: Beautiful and unspoilt natural environment; The opportunity to do sport and outdoor activities ; Presence of a strong cultural identity; The players strong motivation to work with the project Vacanze in Baita (holidays in mountain chalets). Weaknesses: Inadequate use of the resources present; Poor professionalism of the operators; Weak hospitality culture; Absence of territorial synergies; Touristic offer is unstructured and of poor quality; Lack of services and infrastructure; Lack of itinerary signs. 81

82 Table 94 summarises the strengths and weaknesses of the resources, detailing the main opportunities and threats that could occur from the exploitation of these resources. Table 94 SWOT analysis of the touristic resources Strengths Weaknesses Beautiful and unspoilt natural Inadequate use of the resources present; environment; Poor professionalism of the operators; The opportunity to do outdoor sport; Presence of a strong cultural identity; The operators strong motivation to work with the project Vacanze in Baita Cultivation of small fruit Weak hospitality culture; Absence of territorial synergies; Touristic offer is unstructured and of poor quality; Lack of services and infrastructure; Lack of itinery signs. Opportunity Threat Increase in the demand for eco-tourism. Negative social and environmental situations coming from the outside Territory 3: Tesino Vanoi Description of the resources Natural attractions The Tesino.Vanoi area is rich in environmental attractions, which have not been touched by touristic exploitation. As a matter of fact, the area can feature: The Lagorai mountain chain, Trentino s most pristine natural sightseeing, which stretches from Passo Manghen to Passo Rolle for 35 km. One portion of the area is part of the natural park Paneveggio Pale di San Martino; The Cime d Asta massif; The Folga, Arzon and Scaniol massif, Lagorai s extension; The Totoga and Col della Remitta mountains, which feature numerous caves; Numerous streams, waterfalls and lakes; River park in Tesino, potential park in Vanoi; Paths of botanical interest; Paths of naturalistic interest; Bogs; Cliffs; Grottoes; Woodland. 82

83 Categorisation Mountain Table 95 Natural touristic resources Accessibility Good. Presence of different levels of difficulty Volume of acitvity and rate of use Not available data Type of visitors Mainly domestic market Archaeological Mainly domestic Good Medium/low finds market Castello Tesino Mainly domestic Good Medium/ growing grottoes market Bridle path Good Medium/low Not available Alta via del Granito footpath Good. Medium/high Not available Water The cultural attractions Good. Presence of different levels of difficulty Fonte: etourism Medium/low Mainly domestic market The area features numerous cultural resources, such as important museums (Ecomuseo del Vanoi, Museo della Grande Guerra, Museo arti e mestieri) and a significant ethnographic path in Vanoi, along which the tourist centre Prà de Madego lies, which is not only an information font but also a didactic laboratory. There are also, especially in Tesino, numerous churches and some archaelogy and palaeontology sites. The area is crossed by the via Claudia-Augusta, the Roman military road. Table 96 Cultural tourism resources Categorisation Ethnographic path Centro visitatori Prà de Madego Via Claudia- Augusta Museo della Grande Guerra Museo arti e mestieri Archaeological sites Accessibility Good Ownership and management Ecomuseo del Vanoi Volume of activity and rate of use Low (about 1000 visitators per year) Good Ecomuseo del Vanoi Not available Good. Presence of different levels of difficulty Different regions/countries joint management Not available Good Alpini Caoria Group Not available Good Alpini Caoria Group Medium/low Good Municipalities Medium/low Source: etourism Type of visitors Mainly domestic market Mainly domestic market Mainly domestic market Mainly domestic market Mainly domestic market Mainly domestic market 83

84 Events and festivals Numerous events are organised in the Tesino Vanoi area, although the majority is mainly local with a low degree of touristic attractiveness. Among the most relevant toursitic events are: Biagio delle Castellere, a commemoration in historical costume; Meeting del Lagorai, for mountain and alpine ski lovers; Trofeo Battisti e Vesco, an alpine ski International competition; Bike Trophy, week-end dedicated to mountain biking lovers; Lagorai, natura in Libertà, summer and winter offers for tourists which plan different activities, such as meetings with mountain, astronomy, mycology experts, trekking, days dedicated to local traditions; Natura a cavallo (horse riding in nature) national gathering; Italian Union of Amateur Astronomers National conference. Table 97 The Events and festivals touristic resources Categorisation Biagio delle Castellere Meeting del Lagorai Trofeo Battisti e Vesco Bike Trophy Lagorai, natura in Libertà Natura a cavallo national gathering Period February First Sunday of March February July All year round Summer Organising Institution Local Organising Committee Sat Organising Committee Lagorai bike sporting club Tourist Board Natura a Cavallo association Number of participants Not available Not available Not available Not available Not available Not available Type of visitors Mainly domestic market Mountain and alpine ski lovers Alpine ski lovers Mountain biking lovers Different types of visitors Horse riding lovers Source: etourism Services and Activity In terms of sports, the Tesino Vanoi area features good facilities for skating, tennis, football, golf, swimming. With regard to ski lifts, they are located at the Brocon Pass. They are considered to be vital for the area s touristic winter offer. As their target, they mainly address and suit families. The catering structure A large number of typical restaurants is present in the area. They offer meals which follow the area s traditions, even though the number of restaurants could be increate and more attention could be given 84

85 to typical products, among which the role of mushrooms is pivotal. As a consequence the area is embarking on a process to obtain PDO certifications for its cep mushrooms. The table below summarises the resources that exist in the area. Figure 35 Existing resources census 85

86 Source: Piano di Marketing Turistico per le Iniziative del Patto Territoriale del Tesino e del Vanoi Strengths and Weaknesses of the resources The strengths and weaknesses of the touristic resources are quite common to all kinds of resources that were mentioned before. They can be summarised as follows. Strengths: Presence of areas of high environmental value, protected areas and areas presenting low anthropisation; Opportunity to practise numerous activities of both physically demanding and softer types, while being surrounded by nature; Presence of ski lifts which are suitable for families of tourists; Presence of significant museums which convey the local culture; Presence of typical products and local traditions; Presence of highly attractive events, though related to a close-by market. Weaknesses: 86

87 Insufficient development of touristic resources; Not too high quality of the products that are offered; Lack of services supporting resources and allowing to create a product that can attract and be used; Weak entrepreneurial spirit aiming at improving the resources; Weak welcoming culture and touristic culture in general; Low degree of deseasonalisation; Prevalence of targets with low spending power; Table 33 summarises what has been said and completes the SWOT analysis of resources. It suggests the main advantages and threats that might be caused by the development of these resources. Table 98 SWOT analysis of the main touristic resources Strengths Presence of areas of high environmental value, protected areas and areas presenting low anthropisation; Opportunity to practise numerous activities of both physically demanding and softer types, while being surrounded by nature; Presence of significant museums which convey the local culture; Presence of typical products and local traditions; Presence of highly attractive events, though related to a close-by market. Opportunity Strong increase of national and international naturalistic tourism demand; Growing interest in soft sports activities in contact with nature. Weaknesses Insufficient development of touristic resources; Not too high quality of the products that are offered; Lack of services supporting resources; Weak entrepreneurial spirit aiming at improving the resources; Weak welcoming culture and touristic culture in general; Low degree of deseasonalisation; Prevalence of targets with low spending power; Threat Negative influences from the environmental and social standpoints. Source: etourism 87

88 Analysis of the governance system Territory 1: Valle del Chiese Structure and characteristics of the territorial body and analysis of decision-making processes in the area The Consorzio Turistico Valle del Chiese, i.e. Valle del Chiese s Tourism Consortium is the proposed body to carry out activities of promotion and tourism marketing, information and supply of services for the arrangement of reception in the area. In close synergy with Valle del Chiese s Eco-Museum, it designs and produces events aimed at the promotion of the natural, historical and cultural territory in which it operates. Legally it is an association of social promotion, non-profit, according to the Provincial Law 8 / 1992 c. m. from the Provincial Law1/2002, with Registered Office in Lardaro, Province of Trento, Via Brescia, 62 and Head Office in Lodrone, province of Trento, Via XXIV Maggio, 115. Figure 36 The logo of Valle del Chiese The aims that the Consorzio proposes are: Promote and increase the touristic development in Valle del Chiese; Ensure promotion, propaganda and advertising of Valle del Chiese, increase the knowledge and appreciation of the area and its landscape, artistic, historical and cultural heritage; Perform statistic surveys on the touristic movement; Guarantee to give support, coordination, administrative, accounting and fiscal assistance to the parties involved in the Consortium of the Pro Loco i.e. the Tourist Office - Association; Coordinate and rationalise the initiatives promoted by the Association; Establish Tourist Information Offices; Consortium of Pro Loco Collaborate with the Pro Loco, the tour operators, public and private bodies in order to exploit the territories belonging to the Consortium and to allow for coordinated development; Carry out, in an ancillary and subsidiary manner, the business of selling and brokering package tours, as defined by provincial legislation on tourism, after appropriate authorisation by the province; 88

89 Promote and implement activities and events connected to tourism and contribute financially to initiatives aiming at the creation of a tourism infrastructure; Collaborate with other consortia or organizations for a better performance of tasks. The ordinary members of the Consortium are: the Association Pro Loco of Bersone, Bondo, Bondone Baitoni, Brione, Castel Condino, Cimego, Condino, Daone, Darzo, Lardaro, Lodrone, Pieve Di Bono, Praso, Prezzo, Roncone, Storo; the Municipalities of Valle del Chiese: Bersone, Bondo, Bondone, Brione, Castel Condino, Cimego, Condino, Daone, Lardaro, Pieve Di Bono, Praso, Prezzo, Roncone, Storo; the economic categories that are interested in tourism are: UNAT, ASAT operating in the sphere of competence of the Consortium. Noted below are the macro-areas in which the Valle del Chiese Tourist Consortium operates: INFORMATION POINTS: Continuous updates (informative material, flyers, posters, etc.), Information requests (shipped via: priority mail, , telephone, use of CRM), warehouse management (loading and unloading), packing folders/bags, creating posters and flyers for various groups and associations, peripheral, seasonal offices (training of personnel assigned, supplying of equipment and ongoing review); PUBLISHING: Events calendar (summer winter) Tariff promotion deals snow, the production of sheets of data, data collection, printing, distribution, publication listing on the internet; ACCOMMODATION OPERATORS: regular meetings to present the activities of the Consortium, programming of the shared activity; WEB (updated continuously, translations, newsletters, blogs ), development and presence in search engines, visibility, (promomarketing on-line, bulletin tracks ), Road of Wine and Flavours - Strada del Vino e dei Sapori. SYSTEM FOR GATHERING STATISTICAL DATA: recognition and data entry of hotel and non-hotel accommodation facilities, check and consolidation, analysis and elaboration of statistics. STRATEGIC PLANNING AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: creation of activities, communication plan and shared image, design and implementation of editorial material, advertising, web, releases, promotions and marketing through multiple channels, direct operational management, monitoring, surveys, activity reports. APARTAMENTS AND CLUBS: survey and storage of cataloguing files, directly controlled verification of veracity of data, production of paper material, diffusion PROMOTIONAL RELEASES USCITE PROMOZIONALI fairs, festivals, workshops, shopping centres, identifying priority, basis, niche markets, ways to participate, preparation within the company, design and construction of stand, preparation of promotional material, communicate the presence, the commercial phase, post release (briefing verification, follow up of contacts ); TRENTINO TOURIST BOARD FEDERATION PRO LOCO AND TOURISM CONSORTIUMS: coordinating promotional activities Places of Trentino to discover ; 89

90 PRO LOCO ASSOCIATION: coordinating of pro loco drawing up the calendar dates of initiatives and animation in the area; HACCP and hygiene protocol during parties in which food and beverages are distributed. SPORT EVENTS IN THE AREA international events: Iwc, Speed Rock, Boulder, etc.( Promotion, general coordination, printing, advertising) National events: ski and cross-country ski rallies, mountain bike 9 hours (programming, production of paper material, managing subscriptions); PRESS AND DEVELOPMENT OFFICE Continuous contact with the press, relations with the local press, producing press releases; SPECIAL PROJECTS cycling and mountain biking, trip to Adamello, world chess, synergies with neighbouring territories, projects with the Natural Adamello Brenta Park. Presently, the Tourism Consortium s actions and projects are financed by public revenue, principally by the Tourism Service from the autonomous province of Trento; fund- raising through different channels is also expected. The categories and the players most involved in the decision-making are the Consorzio dei Comuni BIM del Chiese, the Eco-museum of Valle del Chiese, the Cooperative Iniziative&Sviluppo (Initiatives and Development), the valley municipalities, the Association Pro Loco and other voluntary organisations, the operators associations, the lending institutions and private sponsors (e.g. Assicurazioni Generali, Maurizio Sport, etc.). Collaboration among players and existence of a touristic culture and vocation to quality The local players revealed that collaboration among the players and the existence of a tourism culture are the two weak areas. People who were interviewed confirmed that collaboration between the players is sporadic and limited to certain categories, while in other cases marginal. In order to decide the area s development, tables for the exchange of ideas (both for the Project Leader and the Territorial Pact) were set up, but the private groups did not participate very much. Farmers are often excluded from these meetings because, according to the interviewees, agriculture is not considered a distinctive feature of the valley. The BIM (Bacino Imbrifero Montano, an area marked by mountains which define a watershed) Consortium, on the other hand, is a very important player because it represents the entire valley and has large financial resources available. The collaboration amid local players is scarce; locals who produced local products were invited to work together but with little success. It was noted that among the producers there is an overwhelming individualistic attitude, for example among the flour, milk and cheese producers and also in the hotel sector. Private individuals have shown a fairly good desire for innovation and investment, particularly with regard to prolonging the season. However, in the lower part of the valley where there has been little touristic development, there is little hospitality culture. Since the meetings between the local mayors and those participating in tables for the exchange of ideas were set up, the level of collaboration has increased. 90

91 Touristic development projects in the area Valle del Chiese is and has been the subject of numerous tourism development projects, but often the projects failed to get off the ground, or did not receive visibility for various different reasons. The following are the major tourism development projects which were carried on within the Project Leader and the Territorial Pact but not only: the European Project, Listen to the Voice of Villages, which aims to promote tourism in marginal rural areas, with a view to enhancing their wealth, competiveness and attractiveness. Progetto Baite ( mountain chalets project ) under the control of the Autonomous Province of Trento, which has as its objective the recovery of rural buildings for tourism purposes. It intends to carry this out through the use of technology and the emergence of a new product for sustainable, medium/high level tourism, well integrated in the environment and competitive with similar products and simultaneously enhancing the potential technology, energy innovation and environment of the Trentino district. Initiatives on the part of the Valle del Chiese Consortium: Identifying and defining a series of elements which help to identify the valley and the Tourist Office that represent it (Territorial Corporate Identity).The development of a well defined and coherent corporate involves some essential elements: Multi-annual programming, which includes at least three years of activity; the creation and consolidation of a dynamic network among stakeholders in the world of tourism, coordinated by a single directive organ, shared and recognised by all, which guarantees optimisation of time, consistency and resources, and coherence and effectiveness in carrying out plans. the assertion of a corporate identity, successful and coherent in passing through a series of elements and actions which involve different fields of intervention: New headquarters for the Touristic Consortium: in a unique and strategic position, located in Pieve di Bono, in the centre of the valley, near the main roads. We are certain that the merger of the two existing tourist offices (Lardaro and Lodrone) into one single location will optimise labour and human resources. However, the opening of peripheral Tourist Information Offices coordinated and supported by the central headquarters will be guaranteed. Uniform and coherent brand and graphics of promotional material (one guide, digital postcard...); the new campaign s distinctive slogan is: The Journey of Emotions where every destination is not your arrival but your departure. These are the nuances that Valle del Chiese has to offer: unknown destinations, traditional destinations, sport destinations, gastronomic destinations... A symbol of Valle del Chiese s tourism is the image of a young child, who goes on a journey (testimony to tourism adapted for families). The young child represents the symbol of ingenuity and spontaneity, symbolising those who go on holiday and experience their emotions with awe and look at things as though seeing them for the first 91

92 time. The graphic design of the material published is produced with a neutral recycled tint in order to show respect for the environment. These technical characteristics will be applied to all informative and institutional instruments of Valle del Chiese. Identification of a series of actions which help visitors and locals to clearly recognise the Valley s characteristic elements. Following the Project Leader and the Territorial Pact, renovation of many public buildings, such as restaurants and bars; Initiative linked to the baths of hay in particular in Roncone, where research carried out by the university of Pavia has certified that that type of hay has therapeutic properties. Acceptance from the Ministry is currently being expected. It also seems important to point out that the Territorial Pact employed in Valle del Chiese can also be inserted in the new provincial programming instruments. This instrument, based on the principle of subsidiarity, is an agreement aimed at bringing public and private players from a given area together in order to put together shared concrete projects and services. The pact has brought some improvements in infrastructure, but it has not been the mainspring to revive tourism in the area. This has mainly been due to problems related to management issues and services. Territory 2: Valle dei Mocheni Structure and characteristcs of the territorial body and analysis of decisonmaking processes in the area The analysis of the governance of Valle dei Mòcheni brought to light the lack of structures able to manage the touristic policy in the area. The Consortium of the Pro Loco of Valle dei Mòcheni is the body which manages the organization of events in the valley, bringing together the Tourist Offices of Fierozzo, Frassilongo, Palú del Fersina and Sant Orsola Terme. It substitutes the APT the Tourist Board - and, in addition to its own functions (organisational activities), it also carries out promotional activities, marketing and information, working therefore as a development agency. This organisation is financed 90% by the Autonomous Province of Trento, while it receives only 10% private funding. Private investment is very low since the current turnover would not be able to cover the money that has been invested. As for those involved in development decisions in the area, there is a substantial lack of cooperation among them. The first attempt to create a network was with the Territorial Pact, which involves all the various categories present in the valley which are interested in developing the local area. Collaboration among players and the existence of a touristic culture and vocation to quality Interviews revealed how lack of collaboration among players and a general lack of tourism culture are the major critical areas. The players who are most involved in development decisions are the farmers, thanks to the Consorzio Proloco (Tourist Office Consortium) and Cooperative Piccoli Frutti of Sant Orsola, which represents an important economic element of the valley. All other players have little involvement in the decision-making process, partly because of their weak organisation (as is the 92

93 case, for example, of artisans and traders who are only focused on their own interests and unable to see beyond their own business). The lack of cooperation is also due to the presence of two distinct communities in the valley. On the one side there is the town of Sant Orsola Terme, which does not have Valle dei Mòcheni traditions, and on the other there is the group of three Valle dei Mòcheni municipalities (Fierozzo, Frassilongo and Palù del Fersina). This division between the locals has brought about a strong parochialism of the entire local community and the players. It is also the reason for the lack of tourism culture in the whole of the community. The lack of tourism culture does not allow public and private citizens to see the possible benefits to be gained from a synergy of players, which would help the development of the area. This is why research brought to light the necessity of adequate training for the community which, despite its internal conflicts, has the potential of great cohesion. The valley boasts the EMAS certificate in Sant Orsola Terme, and the provincial B&B certificate of quality was awarded to a hotel in the town of Sant Orsola. Furthermore, the area is conscious of the importance of renewable energy, particularly photovoltaic and hydropower. Touristic development projects in the area Valle dei Mòcheni is and has been the subject of numerous tourism development projects, but often the projects failed to get off the ground, or did not receive visibility for various different reasons. Among the main development projects are: The European Project Listen to the Voice of Villages which aims to promote tourism in marginal rural areas, with a view to enhancing their wealth, competiveness and attractiveness; The project Vacanze in Baita (holidays in mountain chalets), which aims to promote and develop individual and sustainable tourism, enhancing the area and giving the locals the opportunity to supplement their family income, while maintaining close ties with the area and preserving it from any possible exploitation. The initiative involves a total of 47 chalets, 11 of which are located in Valle dei Mòcheni and is co-funded by both public and private organisations. It has been an active project for the last 15 years; The Project Vacanza nel Bosco (holidays in the woods), which aims to enhance the beauty, history and culture of the area, with particular attention to the forest s natural products (officinal and edible mountain herbs in the spring and mushrooms in the winter). Environmental operators accompany tourists. Some time is also spent on recreational and creative moments (cooking classes and entertainment activities); The completion of the Eco-museum in Valle dei Mòcheni, which is promoted by the Cultural Association of the same name, through periodic meetings of those involved in various ways; Projects to improve tourism potential provided by the Patto Territoriale (for example the idea of the ViabiLait project 9 ). 9 The project ViabiLait would implement various actions in order to provide services which enable residents and tourists to get to know and appreciate the territory, by establishing mini-coaches for visitors and locals, creating a network between the various points of interest (both private and public) creating the necessary conditions for the development of business and marketing activities and different activity proposals on the basis of the type of target. 93

94 It is important to highlight that the Patto Territoriale is the first attempt to create a network in the area, aiming therefore to help all efforts to develop regional tourism. Table 99 The elements of governance in Valle dei Mòcheni Investigated areas Presence and structure of the touristic promotion body Decision-making Process Development projects in the area Legislation and policy for quality Cooperation between the actors Interconnection between tourism and other sectors of the economy Destination branding policy Willingness of the local community to undergo a process of touristic development Characteristics Tourist Office Consortium functions: Touristic organisation and local events Area promotion Commercial product Information for tourists and domiciled people Financing: 90% public and 10% private Categories of players present on the territory: quite high Categories of players involved in the decisionmaking of touristic development: to improve European Project Listen to the Voice of Villages (under the control of the Trento Province, with the involvement of the territorial players) Vacanze in Baita Project (private initiative cofunded by the public) Vacanza nel Bosco Project (promoted by the Autonomous Province of Trento) Eco-museum of Valle dei Mòcheni (promoted by a local cultural association) Projects provided for by the Patto Territoriale Limited policy for quality Absent/Very scarce Scarce. Connection with the agricultural sector of the small fruits farmers. Absent Fairly good availability but scarce hospitality culture Source: etourism A synthetic view of the Mòcheni area: the main probems and the growth opportunities From the research carried out, some considerations emerged regarding the overall situation of Valle dei Mòcheni, which must be taken into account when drawing up plans for future development. The main criticisms expressed concerned: The scarce use of the distinctive resources present in the area; The lack of professionalism of among the operators and the lack of hospitality culture in the area (spontaneous hospitality); The low standard of accommodation offered; The lack of leisure facilities and services; 94

95 The lack of policies for quality; The absence of synergies and the lack of cooperation among players; The lack of inter-connection of tourism with the other sectors of the economy, with the exception of the Consorzio Piccoli Frutti, the Small Fruits Consortium, which is pivotal to the valley s economy, and also for tourism; Market positioning strategies and destination branding remains somewhat unclear or undefined; Parochialism within the various municipalities which hinders the ability to work together; Strong phenomenon of commuting, with consquent shift of labour out of the valley. To overcome these problems it is important to define a shared course of action to develop tourism in the area. It must be built on the distinctive characteristics and resources of the area (unspoilt natural environment, sports in contact with the nature, but also exploiting the nationally known brand Piccoli Frutti to promote the area) involving all categories of actors whose activities may be linked to tourism. An important role is that of training, which must be addressed to all players linked to tourism and also the community, so that they do not become a barrier to the development of tourism. Given the environmental characteristics and landscape of the territory, a great opportunity for the valley would be to increase the demand for eco-tourism, which can be used by operators as a new target for destination. Targets identified in each area should be well defined and on the basis of their characteristics, specific tourism proposals and related policies should be developed. Territory 3: Tesino Vanoi Structure and characteristics of the territorial body and analysis of decision-making processes in the area From the point of view of the governante system, the Tesino-Vanoi area cannot be considered as only one unit or a homogenous area. As a matter of fact, the two territories have been united within the Territorial Pact and although they show important similarities from the social, economic and entrepreneurial perspectives and feature similar touristic resources, they are characterised by two different scenarios from tha point of view of management. As a matter of fact, the Tesino area is under the influence of the Valsugana Lagorai Terme Laghi Tourist Board, the mission of which is to promote the touristic offer through different channels: Tourist information and welcome service; Area promotion and touristic market initiatives; Service creation and mediation, offer of holiday proposals. The Tourist Board was created in September 2007 from the merger of Lagorai and Valsugana Vacanze Tourist Boards and was deisgned as a cooperative from its beginning. Today it numbers 48 members representing over 2000 businesses. Today all of the municipality and district administrations, delegations of all the economic categories, cultural and sports associations, private businesses take part in it. 95

96 On average, 60% of funding of the Tourist Board is public, whereas the remaining 40% is private. This funding is justified and used for the promotion of the area through catalogues and web sites. Projects shared by all of the players are promoted, such as Adotta una mucca (Adopt a Cow) and Prodotti a Km 0: dal produttore al consumatore (Zero Km Products: From Producer to Consumer). The Tourist Board promotes the territory through a destination brand policy. A specific brand for the Tesino area does not exist. Figure 37 Valsugana Lagorai Terme Laghi brand The Vanoi area is under the influence of the San Martino di Castrozza - Passo Rolle - Primiero Vanoi Tourist Board, the mission of which is the touristic mangamente and marketing of the area. It also performs the following activities: Tourist information and welcoming service; Actions of general and specific marketing for the development of the territory; Co-ordination of internal players; Promotion and commercialisation. The new San Martino di Castrozza, Primiero e Vanoi Tourist Board was created in 2005 following the provincial reform (Provincial Law n.8/2002) which led to the privatisation of Tourist Boards which already existed. After a compulsory administration period, which was imposed by the province on all institutions that had not been able to respect the terms that had been fixed to establish the new organisation, the Tourist Board was generated in the shape of a co-operative, and also encompassed the Consorzio Turistico del Vanoi, Vanoi s tourist association. It currently numbers Attualmente conta al proprio interno circa , tra cui gli otto Comuni presenti nel territorio, ripartiti tra le varie categorie di attori. From a financial point of view, 70% of funding of the Tourist Board comes from the province, whereas the remaining 30% comes from self-funding, a part of which comes from the municipalities, whereas the larger part comes from private businesses. The Tourist Board promotes the area through a destination brand policy. Figure 38 San Martino di Castrozza - Passo Rolle - Primiero Vanoi brand 96

97 A specific brand which has been promoted by the Tourist Board for the Vanoi area does not exist, however the Consorzio Turistico del Vanoi, although it has been included in the Tourist Board, has retained its brand. Figure 39 Vanoi brand Since 1994 the Consorzio Turistico Valle del Vanoi is the organisation that unites the Canal San Bovo-Gobbera, Prade Cicona and Zortea, Ronco and Caoria pro loco, i.e. grass-roots organisations which aim to promote a particolar place. It has the task of coordinating the four associations. In comparison with the Tourist Board, the Consorzio mainly focuses on the organisational activity. In particular, its tasks are: Distributing materials such as leaflets, local maps, information on walks and excursions; Useful information (scheduling of means of transport, medical and surgery services); Co-ordinating folklore and gastronomy events linked with local culture and traditions; Planning and preparing hoardings, billboards, posters. With regard to the players participation in decisions of touristic strategy, their involvement is not insufficient. However, what results to be missing is the collaboration among both private and publicprivate players. Local administrations still seem to be influenced by a parochial spirit. This is a fault which has the consequence of not leading the players to be involved. Collaboration among players and existence of a touristic culture and vocation to quality The collaboration among players and the existence of a touristic culture are two of the main critical points which were noticed by the players in the territory. As a matter of fact, all of the interviewees agreed in stating that the collaboration among the players is sporadic and limited to some categories, while others, such as that of commerce and arts and crafts have a marginal role. The lack of collaboration, which is also noted in the lack or weak connection between tourism and other sectors of the economy, is attributed to the lack of a strong, accepted direction, and the lack of a touristic culture, which paralyses the area. However, the population s willingness to start a path of tourism development exists. The construction of a shared strategy is missing. It should begin from concrete projects and involve all the players. A management of projects and activities could encourage the players and help the understanding of the advantages of cooperation. As for the vocation to quality in the territory, accommodation - including apartments - certification mechanisms are recognised, (through genziane), certification of Municipalities (EMAS) and forest certification (PFC). It has been shown that it is essential to increase the quality not just of infrastructure, but also of the territory as a whole. Moreover, investments in renewable energy and alternative mobility are considered to be essential. 97

98 Touristic development projects in the area The Tesino Vanoi area has been and is the object of numerous projects of touristic development. Nonetheless, they have not yet been put into concrete form, or for different reasons have not been able to obtain visibility. The main touristic development projects that have started within the Territorial Pact are listed as follows: The European project Listen to the Voice of Villages. It has the goal of promoting the touristic development of areas that can be identified as marginal rural areas, in order to increase their value and boost their competitiveness and attractiveness; Progetto baite del Lagoria, the Lagorai mountain chalet project. It is a private initiative which has been carried out with the participation of Trentino Sviluppo. Its goal is to increase the accommodation capacity of hotels (aout 1000 beds have been estimated). The project is underway; Progetto Baite, mountain chalet project, under the autonomous Trento province. Its goal is to recover rural buildings for touristic purposes. The recovery will be obtained through the use of technology. A new product of sustainable tourism of medium/high level will be generated. It will be integrated in the environment and competitive with similar products. At the same time, the technological potential and innovation of the energy and environment system (Habitech) of Trentino will be enhanced. It has been estimated that the mountain chalets that have to be restored in the area amounts to about 4000 units. The projects are being arranged; the Vacanza in Baita (holiday in a mountain chalet) initiative. It aims to promote and develop individual, ecologically sustainable tourism, enhancing the value of the territory and offering the inhabitants the chance to supplement their household income, while keeping at the same time a strong tie with their territory of origin and preserving it against potential actions aiming at its exploitation. The initiative involves about 47 chalets, of which 11 are situated in Tesino. It is funded both publicly and privately. The project has been going on for about 15 years; initiatives of the Tourist Board. The projects have been active for a few years. In particular, four actions which are part of one project are worth mentioning, namely Adotta una mucca (Adopt a Cow), Consumiamo più prodotti trentini (Let Us Consume More Trentino Products), Prodotti a Km 0: dal produttore al consumatore (Zero Km Products: From Producer to Consumer) and Malghese per un giorno (Malghese for One Day) 10. The project has the aim of enhancing the value of Trentino s agricultural products. It is part of the wider context of a task that the governing board of the Trento province has given to the Trentino cooperation federation. The task consists in preparing and gradually leading to conclusion a 10 Adotta una mucca is an initiative which gives the opportunity to choose one out of 140 cows which have been made available by the 14 malghe, i.e. mountain huts, that have partaken in the initiative and adopt it against the payment of 60 Euro, 10 of which are earmarked for charity projects, whereas 50 are assigned to the malga to keep the adopted cow during the summer period. The money that has been invested can be redeemed in the form of dairy products for a corresponding value. Consumiamo più prodotti trentini " publicises products directly in companies through members of the Strada del vino e dei sapori Trento and Valsuganaì. It is thus possible to learn about the methods of production and processing. "Prodotti a Km 0: dal produttore al consumatore" is intended to sell and consume more and more local products in the areas of production and aims to provide hotel and restaurant facilities. "Malghese per un giorno" offers the opportunity to spend a day in a malga, i.e. a mountain hut, to attend or participate in the work of the shepherds and cheesemakers who work the milk and other raw materials of animal origin. 98

99 project of enhancement of Trentino agricultural products at a local and national level, using different public and private sectors and fields, such as: hotels and restaurants, department stores, SAIT shops, canteens, associations of producers, single businesses; joint Trentino- Veneto project, under the control of the Sovramonte municipality, which lies at the border of the two regions. It aims to use European resources to revamp touristic accommodation especially non-hotel accommodation and commerce in marginal areas. It also seems important to mention that the Territorial Pact which has been in force in the Tesino- Vanoi area can be inserted among the new instruments of provincial planning. This instrument, inspired by the principle of subsidiarity, is an agreement which aims to join private and public organisations of a territory for the benefit of concrete, shared projects. The Pact has brought about some improvements in infrastructures, but it has not pushed the re-launch of the tourism in the area, due to problems mainly linked to management and offer of services. Generally speaking, the players involved believe that for all the projects regarding the area a rewarding system should be implemented, which could develop and fund projects which present successful aspects, while it should penalise project which do not lead to concrete results through lack of funding. It is therefore necessary to go beyond the subsistence spirit characterising the territory, which has a wait-and-see attitude with resources coming from the autonomous Trento province. This attitude has been recorded both in private players and public administrations. The table below sums up information that has been presented in relation to touristic characteristics. Table 100 Governance elements in the Tesino Vanoi area Investigated areas Presence and structure of the Ente di promozione turistica, i.e. the touristic promotion body Characteristics Tesino: Azienda per il Turismo Valsugana Lagorai Terme Laghi Legal form: co-operative Structure: municipality administrations, comprensori and representatives of all of the economic categories, culture and sports associations, private individuals mission: promotion of touristic offer in the area Functions: tourist information and welcoming service area promotion and touristic marketing initiatives creation and mediation of services, holiday proposal offers Funding: 60% pubblic and 40% private Vanoi: Azienda per il Turismo San Martino di Castrozza - Passo Rolle - Primiero Vanoi (it includes the Consorzio Turistico del Vanoi). Legal form: co-operative Structure: municipalità administrations and representatives from all categories Mission: management and touristic marketing of the territory Functions: Information service and tourist reception; Generic and specific marketing to develop the territory; Co-ordination of internal players; Promotion and commercialisation. 99

100 Decision-making process Development projects in the area Legislation and quality policies Cooperation among players Connections between tourism and other economic sectors Destination branding policy Local community s willingness to start a process of touristic development Financing: 70% from the Province, 10% from the Municipality, 20% private Categories of players present in the area: quite high Categories of players involved in decision-making linked to touristic development: to improve European Project Listen to the Voice of Villages (under the control of the Trento Province, with the involvement of the territorial players) Progetto Baite del Lagorai (Lagorai mountain chalet project), private initiative with the support of Trentino Sviluppo Progetto Baite Project (mountain chalet project) under the control of the Trento Autonomous Province Vacanza in Baita Project (mountain chalet holiday project), private initiative co-funded by the public Initiatives under the control of the Tourist Office Project shared by Trentino and Veneto Territorial pact as an instrument for the provincial planning in favour of the development of the territory Policies for a limited quality Absent/very scarce Absent/Very scarce. Weak connection, which is being developed, with the agricultural sector Presence of a brand, yet linked to a wider area Good attitude, but low level of receptivity culture Source: etourism A synthetic view of the Tesino-Vanoi area: the main problems and the growth opportunities The information that was gathered with the analysis and the interviews to key players in the territory have made it possible to outline the present situation, thus highlighting the crucial issues of the area and providing important ideas to sketch out policies on future development. The main issues that must be faced and overcome in order to plan an effective touristic development policy can be summarised in the following areas: Strong presence of potentially attractive, identitary touristic resources, which, however, are not adequately emphasised and marketed; Lack of touristic services which could turn resources into attractive touristic products and be able to complete and reinforce the touristic offer, thus having significant impact on profits and jobs; Lack of some infrastructural services; Weak accommodation offer, lacking in hotels and not very qualified as far as the non-hotel sector is concerned; 100

101 Strong presence of second houses and private houses which are not adequately used and enhanced from the touristic point of view; Not very well defined strategy of territory positioning; Strong presence of the phenomenon of hiking; Lack of adequate education; weak touristic culture, both in locals at a private level and in the administration of communes; Presence of parochialism within public administrations; Limited human resources that are able to focus their activity on the territory; Entrepreneurial and planning spirit limited to only some categories of players; Deficient, occasional cooperation among players, which is limited to only some categories; Presence of numerous plans on the territory, which are an important re source for touristic development on the one hand, but encourage the population s delaying attitude on the other hand; Absence of a real rewarding/punishing system which could lead to a more careful, efficient use of resources; Presence of a culture of subsistence ; Absence of a strong, recognised direction that could be able to coordinate the resources and suggested activities; Little integration among economic sectors; Lack of cohesion between Tesino and Vanoi. In order to overcome these problems, beginning a path of touristic requalification seems to be important. The attention should be focused on some specific projects which should be shared by public and private bodies, limited in terms of time and able to provide concrete results. Such projects should involve the most supportive and proactive players, who act as the driving force for the rest of the population (following a rationale of step-by-step improvement). They should provide for a strong training process. Furthermore, the target to which touristic offers are addressed should be very well defined, using a strategy of revitalisation and enlargement of the present target. 101

102 2.2. PP3 - DEVELOPMENT CENTRE LITIJA Type of territory JABLANIŠKA DOLINA Z OBRONKI (Jablaniška valley with slopes) Geographical description of the area Jablaniška Valley lies in central Slovenia on the right bank of the Sava River, about 25 km east from Ljubljana, and a few miles (2-10 km) east from Litija. It represents the western part of Posavsko hribovje (Posavje Hills). Large embossed surface and roughness is typical for the region. In the north the valley extends to the northern part of Posavje Hills in the south it opens towards Dolenjska region. The area is relatively easy to access, because on the bottom of the valley lies the main II-order road Litija-Zagorje. The area is most easily accessible from the north (via Litija), where valley starts to open. The area is also available from Zasavje region (from north-east direction) and through the valley of Sopota, Radeče (from the east) and from the south, across Dolenjske region via Ivančna Gorica, through Bogenšperk and Šmartno pri Litiji. Valley is shared by two municipalities: Municipality of Litija and younger community Šmartno pri Litiji. Firstly, they were both part of the common Litija municipality, but in 2002 municipality Šmartno pri Litiji split from municipality Litija. The mere size of the pilot area Jablaniška valley with slopes is 22,2 km 2, the average altitude of the pilot area is 390 meters. The lowest point is reached at the estuary of Jablaniška valley stream and river Sava near Litija (240 meters), the highest point is at the hill top Čerjavec, which is 856 meters high. The valley is on average 5km away from the municipal center (Litija). The surface is fairly wooden, the proportion of forest is 68%, and is above the Slovenian average, which for 2007 is 58.4%. Deciduous forest is dominated. The central body of water is Jablaniška valley stream with tributary of the river Reka, which fall into the river Sava near Litija. In this area we have on average between and mm of rainfall per year, on average, we have less than 2 days per year, when fall more than 50mm rainfall. Snow cover lasts between 40 and 60 days per year, its total maximum height may be between 75 and 100 cm. Average annual air temperature is between 8-10 degrees Celsius, the average temperature in January is between 0 and -2 degrees Celsius, Julian, between 18 and 20 degrees Celsius. The average annual wind speed at 10m high is less than 1m/s. Demographic characteristics of the area In the region in 2007 in 14 villages lived people. Settlement is limited to the valley bottom and sunny slopes. In the formal way, the area lies in two administrative municipalities and three local communities. 5 villages are located in the municipality Litija, 9 however, in the municipality Šmartno pri Litiji. The average population density is 60,2 persons/km2, which is substantially less than the national average of 99 persons/km2. The area has 375 households in average household live 3,1 persons. The average age of residents is 36,1 (data are available for 10 villages), which is under Slovenian average. 441 inhabitants are economically active. We also compared the 5 largest settlements in the pilot area (Breg pri Litiji, Tenetiše, Spodnja in Zgornja Jablanica, Gradiške Laze) between years 1999 and In general we can say that the area showing growth in population by 12% (from 642 to 720). Since data for the specific pilot area are not available, we analyzed the data 11 Chapter by PP3 Workgroup. 102

103 for the entire municipality Litija and separately Šmartno pri Litiji. We assumed that the data for a pilot area do not differ significantly from those for entire municipality. Index of ageing in the municipality Litija is 92 (year 2008). In 2003 were in the municipality Litija 124 births (144 deaths), in 2007 this number rose to 156 (127 deaths). The natural population growth was in and in 2007, 29 residents. The overall population grow in municipality Litija in 2002 is 1 resident and in residents. Index of ageing in the municipality Šmartno pri Litji is 74 in The municipality Šmartno Litiji is showing the best age structure. In 2003 was in the municipality 52 births (47 deaths), in 2007 this number rose to 64 (50 deaths). The natural growth in 2003 was 5 in residents. The overall population growth in municipality Šmartno pri Litiji was 22 in 2003 and 41 residents in year Economic characteristics of the area The registered unemployment rate for the municipality Litija was in 1/ ,7% and in 5/2009 8,8% for the municipality Šmartno pri Litiji was in 1/2003 5,7% and in 5/ ,0%. In the service sector is employed 64% of the economically active population in the secondary 35% and in the primary economic sector 3%. Data of employment by sectors are available for the entire municipality. In 1998, was in former municipality Litija employees, of which 538 were farmers and 438 entrepreneurs. Most people (41%) were employed in manufacturing (1.852), followed by the production of textiles (630) or 13,9%. In 2008 were in municipality Litija employees, of which 336 were farmers and 366 entrepreneurs. Most people (27,7%) were employed in manufacturing, followed by trade and repair of motor vehicles (508) or. 14%. The valley has several powerful private companies. One joint stock company (d.d.) is registered, 19 limited liability companies (d.o.o.) and 49 sole traders (s.p.) Enterprise size is small/medium. At present in the area is operative few smaller schemes for renewable energy. Water heating panels are used for domestic purposes and also biomass for heating homes. Infrastructure Through the area runs main regional road of 3th order, linking Litija and Radeče. The central water supply is in municipality Litija established in only two villages. Other settlements are supplied from the village water supply systems, which are in settlements with over 50 inhabitants regulated by municipalities or public utilities. The problem of the supply from their own or village water supply systems is to provide quality and safe drinking water. In the sector of discharging of urban waste water the situation is bad, because there are no regulated water treatment plants. Houses have individual septic tanks, whose closeness is questionable. There is a plan to connect the lower part of the valley to the future central sewage treatment plant and construct small (plant) treatment facilities for smaller settlements, where connection to the central treatment plant is not possible or is too expensive. Agriculture In the area Jablaniški valley operates 13 farms with offering. The offer ranges from domestic vegetables, herbs, milk products, bread, rolls (potice), to trout, and lamb. Three farms in the area offer camping, two rent of picnic place. Farm once a year organize traditional tour named "From the slopes of Jablaniške Valley", where they promote with its present offer. 3 farms have also registered 6 complementary farm activities. Among the objectives of the project "Listen to the voice of villages" is to establish so-called "pušnšankov", farm open days when they could represent and sell their offerings. 103

104 Tourism Resources Audit Tourist activity /development potential The area fits within type 1, tourist and recreational potential are there, but they are underused and the tourist offer is limited to day/temporary guests. Tourist offer is scattered and not related. Currently in the area operates only one tourism promoter cooperative Jarina, which is licensed as incoming travel agency. In the area of Jablaniška valley is no accommodation facilities, besides three farms which offer possibility of camping. The offer of food and beverage is also limited. There is one restaurant: Gostlina pustov mlin in the village Cerovica and 2 bars: Okrepčevalnica pri kozolcu in the village Breg and Bistro Lipa also in the village Breg. As the biggest tourist attraction of the area we could pronounce preserved natural and ethnological heritage. In the area operates sports and recreation center Reka, which is the only such center and offers more sports fields. In the winter the Center establish ski tracks and offers Nordic skiing. There is also mini ski resort for children. A small ski resort is established in the village Dolgo Brdo near farm Pr 'Kavc. In the surroundings of village Breg pri Litiji they offer hors ridding. In the area are many abandoned mine shafts. The surroundings of town Litija has long been an important mining area, but today all the mines are abandoned. There is a plan for abandoned mine Sitarjevc above Litija (outside the pilot area), which was exploited from the Heliolithic period onwards, to be restored within other project named Geopark. The mine is closed from 1965 onwards and is in very poor and dangerous condition. Access is not allowed. In the local fire station in village Breg pri Litji is the permanent exhibition of stones from the riverbank of river Sava and geological educational path "River Sava tells". Beside is also learning path "Shepherd", which is aimed for children. On the path the children learn about the work of a shepherd in the past, collect herbs and play shepherd games. Homestead Vovk in the village Gradišče offers summer camps for children. Within these camps, each year about 80 children spend their holidays. Most visitors come to the area during the traditional events held in the valley. Those include the tour named "along the slopes of Jablaniška valley", which is every year in early April and attend about visitors, mainly from municipalities Litija and Šmartno pri Litiji. The tour track is leading around Jablaniška valley along surrounding ridges and connects the farm with a wide range of supply. Primarily it is in fact open day on the farms, when farms open their doors. There are few foreign visitors in the area and official statistics about tourists are not available. For the municipality Šmartno pri Litiji official figures show that in 2008 there was no foreign arrival or overnight realized. Officially the municipality Šmartno pri Litiji has no accommodation facilities and also tourist arrivals and overnight stays are not recorded. Municipality Litija has, according to official data from the 2008 the accommodation facilities which include 5 rooms with 12 beds. In 2008 they recorded 267 tourist arrivals (of which 172 foreign), and 604 overnights. There are few organized groups, and usually they do not realize overnights but more often only rent a picnic area. Among the important development potential of the area successful entrepreneurs operating in the valley, might also be regarded. They could significantly contribute to the improvement of tourist attractions with their possible financial contributions. Natural attractions: Preserved natural and cultural environment in the valley and surrounding ridges;»salad«in village Spodnja Jablanica (it is similar vegetable to salad, in the past locals in the winter cut this plant instead of salad); Conserve area by NATURA 2000 in the village Zgornja Jablanica (bats); 104

105 Spring of Jablaniški studenec stream, which might have healthy thermal water. The spring freezes in the winter; Stream»Jablaniški potok«in the water you still could find: fishes, crabs, lampreys. Fauna, which is already disappeared from the most of Slovenian rivers. In the conserved area of Natura 2000 is included village Zgornja Jablanica with wider surroundings. Attic of the church St. Ana is the shelter of 2 endangered types of bat, surrounding represents their feeding habitat. Almost the whole area is ecological important. In the area of Jablaniška valley is conserved one natural value: Beech na Adamčku in the village Breg pri Litiji. Cultural-historical attractions: Permanent exhibition of stones from the riverbank of river Sava in local fire station in the village Breg pri Litiji; Churches: St. Katarina, village Breg, St. Ana, village Zgornja Jablanica, St. Magdalena, village Gradišče, St. Janez Baptist, village Mamolj; Granary, in the village Zgornja Jablanica; Hayracks; Farm building in village Zgornja Jablanica, more than 150 years old; House in village Cerovica no. 9, which is 140 years old; Traditional fruit draying house in the village Jablaniški Lazi; Archeological area Roven in the villages Gradišče (prehistoric fort with good preserved iron aged inscriptions); Archeological founding Cvinger in the village Tenetiše (prehistoric fort with sites of iron and lead ore). In the area of Jablaniška valley is in register of cultural heritage property, by Ministry of culture signed 13 heritage units: Church of St. Katarina, in the village Breg pri Litiji; Church of St. Janez Baptist in the village Mamolj; Mound cemetery in the village Zgornji Mamolj; Fort in the village Zgornji Mamolj; Archeological founding Cvinger in the village Tenetiše near Litija; House no. 9 in the village Cerovica; Archeological area, Roven; Church of st. Mary Magdalene; Double hayrack in the village Selšek, near house no. 3; Church of st. Ana in the village Zgornja Jablanica; Farm building by farmhouse no. 4 in the village Zgornja Jablanica; Granary near house no. 16, in the village Zgornja Jablanica; Memorial plaque of dead during second world war. Traditional events in the area Jablaniša valley: Carnival; Tour named "along the slopes of Jablaniška valley"; Crown making and event called»postavljanje mlaja«- set high shabby tree to stand; The day of river Sava stones from riverbank; 105

106 Blessing by all churches; Meeting of Jablaniška valley inhabitants; Veselica-party with local musicians in the village Zgornja Jablanica; St. Nicholas celebrating; St. Stephen's Day. In the area of Jablaniška valley operates some societies, which organizes various events. Among the most active is Association for Rural Development, which organizes the tour "along the slopes of Jablaniška valley". Voluntary fire brigade in village Jablanica; Voluntary fire brigade in village Breg; Sport society Dolina; Sport society Breg Tenetiše; Association for Rural Development; Local organization of Red cross in the village Breg; Local organization of Red cross in the village Jablanica. The main problem of the area Jablaniška valley is the lack of tourism offer, including the lack of accommodation facilities. A few tourism products/service, deliver tourist agency Jarina, but the most of it is aimed for children. Some offers emerge on the farms where they sold produced goods and implement variety of services for visitors if they have registered complementary activities. But this offer is aimed only for one day/temporary guests. The offer should be increased with new programs and events for different target groups. It would also be necessary to animate local residents to upgrade their houses and establish the offer of apartments available to rent. There is also need to raise awareness of their place among the residents to realize that they have something to offer and then try to sell it on the global tourism market. 106

107 2.3. PP4 - BOHEMIAN SWITZERLAND, PUBLIC BENEFIT ORGANIZATION Type of territory It has to be indicated the type of territories chosen and the presence/absence of mandatory and preferential characteristics (Table below). Table 101 Characteristics of target territories (České Švýcarsko / Bohemian Switzerland) Characteristics Presence/Absence Territory Name České Švýcarsko / Bohemian Switzerland Type of territories Area Type 2 Mandatory Plurality of stakeholders who hold local resources High / Medium / Low Mandatory Defined border (single unit analysis) Děčín District National Park area Preferential Presence of small dimension real estates which Absence/Presence could be converted into accommodation (High-Medium-Low) Preferential Source: Bohemian Switzerland, Public Benefit organization Socio-economic profile of target territories Table 102 Geographical characteristics (České Švýcarsko / Bohemian Switzerland) Characteristics Item Average altitude (m.a.s.l.) Ca 330 m Surface (km2) 909 km 2 of 5335 = 17% (of Ústí region) Number of municipality 52 of 354 = 14,69% Easy / Medium / Difficult Accessibility As a region lying close to the state borders, Děčín district has its importance also as a transport junction and is easily accessible. Roads (I.-III. class) Connection with neighbouring Mass transport (bus and train connection) areas Ship transport on Labe river The area of 909 km 2 splits into: agricultural land = cca 39,6% (360 km 2 ), wooded land = 48,95% (445 km 2 ), water surface = 1,1% (10 km 2 ) Wood, farm, urban surface and urban surface = 10,35% (94 km 2 ). The agricultural land split into: arable land (33,7 %), gardens (6,3 %), orchards (1,2 %) and meadows (58,8 %) Source: ČSÚ (Ústí Region), Bohemian Switzerland, p.b.o. 12 Chapter by PP4 Workgroup. 107

108 Table 103 Socio-economic profile (České Švýcarsko / Bohemian Switzerland) Characteristics Item inhabitants of = 16,24% Population growth rate in the last ten years = 0,35 Migratory balances = 5,2 natural balances = 1,3 per 1000 inh. Age structure: 0-14 years : 15,5% years : 71,6% Demography (Inhabitants) 65 and more years: 12,9% Old age index = (ratio between the population over 65 years and the population between 0 and 14 years, multiplied by 100) = 83.23% Social load index = (ratio between the population in not working age (0-14 and > 65 years) and the working age population, multiplied by 100) = 39,66% Rate of outliers : = 14,27% of Děčín inh. = 14,19% compared to Ústí region Density (Inhabitants/km2) 154 inh. / km2 Structure of the economy farming : of = 15.41% (Active trade: of = 17,78% population/employment for industry : of = 18,02% sectors of economic activity) handcraft : of = 18,76% tourism : of = 20,77 Unemployment Number of unemployed residents : z = 18,36% (but unemployment rate is 13,19%) Average size (Small / Medium / Large) -small (<50 empl.) = 2764 of (15,46%) - medium ( empl.) = 143 of 805 (17,76%) - large (>250 empl.) = 15 of 143 (10,49%) subject = not specified Local enterprise Number of enterprises and sector of activity: (farming: 1 385, trade: 8897, industry: 3 466,,hadcraft: , tourism: ) Presence of traditional activities like agriculture and fishing: Absence/Presence Seasonality of activities: tourism = March-October Presence of renewable Presence (In Děčín, company TERMO, a.s. uses geothermal energy as a central heating source and plans to build also incineration plant energy systems for biomass. There is also a little hydroelectric plant on river Ploučnice, for example ) Presence: the reconstruction of the railway junction in Děčín has been finished; within the project RegioNET Labe-Elbe the travellers Sustainable Mobility can use an international one-day ticket for the bus/train transport services valid in almost half of the Ústí region and also on the German Systems side of the borders. The regional integrated travelling system is being planned and partially tested. Source: ČSÚ (Ústí Region), Bohemian Switzerland, p.b.o.

109 Table 104 Tourism sector demand and supply (České Švýcarsko / Bohemian Switzerland) Characteristics Item Data Arrivals and overnights (see the attachment Arrivals and overnights.xls ) Average duration of stay: 3 nights (in hotel accommodations: 2-3 nights and non-hotel accommodations: 3-4 nights ) Number of hotel and non-hotel accommodations: 391 (hotels+b&b: 2008=240, 2007=244,2006=238 non-hotels: 2008=151,2007=150,2006=146) Number of beds: 2008= (2007=18 891, 2006= , 2005= , 2004=20 036, 2003= ) Average size of hotel accommodations:19 rooms/49 beds and non-hotel accommodations: 17rooms/ 52 beds Rate of use of facilities = ratio between overnights and the maximum theoretical capability (obtained by multiplying the beds for 365 days) : / = 15,71% Target, products and Current targets - characteristics of visitors: market ca 50% - families with children ca 33% - tourists in age ca 12% - tourists in age ca 5 % - other groups Reference market. ca 76% = domestic tourists ca 21% = German tourists ca 3% = other European tourists Current product: By tram to the rock formations the most popular guided trip in 2007 and Winner of 2 awards in Grand Prix Region Tour 2008 competition and 1 st place in Our Region 2008 competition. Also very popular in Planned again for next year. Historic tram ride, 15km walk, adrenalin, lookouts tourist bus best connection within the National Park, several stops at popular hiking starting points, operates from Source: ČSÚ (Ústí Region), Bohemian Switzerland, p.b.o.

110 Tourism Resources Audit Stage 1: involves a listing of all resources which have some connection with tourism; Table 105 Tourism Resource Database (České Švýcarsko / Bohemian Switzerland) Natural Resources (name Current volume of activity Accessibility and location) and level of use Visitor types Pravčická brána (Sandstone Easy, but parking most visited sight in Bohemian All age groups Gate) difficulties Switzerland Soutěsky Kamenice (Passes of easy Very popular, 2 of 4 used for All age groups Kamenice river) tourist boating Kyjovské údolí a Křinická soutěska Easy, but part of it accessible only Popular among long-term and periodic tourists All age groups, both hikers and cyclists (Kyjov Valley and Křinice River Canyon) from the German side of the borders Jetřichovické skály easy Very popular, mostly because of All age groups (Jetřichovice Rock Formations) the lookouts (Maria s lookout) Tiské stěny (Tisá Cliffs) easy Popular one day trip All age groups Cultural Resources Current volume of activity Accessibility Ownership and management (name and location) and level of use Vesnická památková zóna easy municipality Recreational area Vysoká Lípa Folk architecture (Village Preservation Area Vysoká Lípa) Visitor types All age groups but majority of % tourists Skalní hrádky (Rock Castles) Easy State, National Park on main touristic paths All age groups 100% tourists Easy/medium State, National Park Popular trip sight, Free All age groups 100% tourists Dolský Mlýn (mill) entrance Děčínský zámek (Děčín easy municipality One of most visited sights in All age groups 95% tourists

111 Castle) Nothern Bohemia up to 800 paying visitors daily over summer time, weddings, exhibitions Křížová cesta Jiřetín (The Way of the Cross Jiřetín) Events (name and location) Dny Českého Švýcarska (Days of České Švýcarsko) Děčínské slavnosti (Děčín celebrations) Chřibské kulturní léto (Cultural summer in Chřibská) Srbskokamenický hudební festival (Music Festival in Srbská Kamenice) Festival Kytlice Activities and services (name and location) Golf areál Janov Tichá a divoká soutěska (Tichá and Divoká River Canyon) Děčínská ZOO 5% locals easy state Cultural monument, church monument All age groups 100% tourists Timing Organisation and Number of participants management (local vs. visitors) Visitor types September Town + České Švýcarsko o.p.s. Ca 1000 Age % locals 30% tourists May Town Děčín All age groups 95% locals 5% tourist May - October August and September Association of Tadeáš Haenke and municipality Chřibská Municipality Srbská Kamenice, Catholic parish and CANTO agency Ca % locals 70% tourists Ca % locals 70% tourists July Ameba Production,s.r.o. Ca % locals 30% tourists Accessibility Ownership and management Current volume of activity and level of use Visitor types Easy Privat Club, golf training, cathering Mainly 30+ services, 292 pernament mebers Easy municipality Operates daily from Easter All age groups Difficult when snow Municipality, Zoologická zahrada Děčín Pastýřská stěna, p.o. 60 years of operating, of visitors in 2008 Mainly families with kids

112 Dům Českého Švýcarska (House easy Municipality, National Park Information centre, guiding, adrenalin tours, promotion of the region, photoworkshops, education All age groups Catering services Type and rating Seating capacity Level of use Guest types Stará hospoda Doubice Stylish restaurant Ca 70 seats 90% tourists Na Stodolci Stylish restaurant Ca 50 seats 70-80% tourists Na Bělidle Stylish restaurant Ca 40 seats 50-60% tourists Na Vyhlídce Stylish restaurant Ca 40 seats 90% tourists Source: ČSÚ (Ústí Region), Bohemian Switzerland, p.b.o. Stage 2: is about a critical evaluation of those resources in terms of their quality, uniqueness and tourist appeal; Strengths Large amount of natural and culture heritage Hospitality of residents Sophisticated information system Crossborder cooperation Image of the region Table 106 SWOT analysis of key tourism resources (České Švýcarsko / Bohemian Switzerland) Opportunities UNESCO nomination Ecotourism development Development of cooperation with Germany Active approach of the city Děčín to development of sustainable tourism Support of ecological means of transport Weaknesses Tourism development/activities coordination Regional awareness of drawing EU funds Tourism staff qualification Offer of accommodation and catering facilities Offer of complementary tourism services Threats Non-regulated tourism development Automobile load increase of the area Dispersion of tourist flow at the NP area borders Deepening of seasonal character of visit rate Extensive construction in core and buffering zone Source: ČSÚ (Ústí Region), Bohemian Switzerland, p.b.o.

113 Analysis of governance system Table 107 Analysis of governance system (České Švýcarsko / Bohemian Switzerland) Characteristics Presence and structure of existent Destination Management Organisations Analysis of the decision-making process Financial support to the development of the area Item Legal form NGO managed by a board (board of directors and steering group) Corporate membership 65 Goals and strategy Synergy and coordination in destination marketing, integrated regional mobility, project and product development. Function (promotion, product development, sales, market research, etc) Marketing and PR agency, product development and implementation, fundraising, information and guide services, educational services. Budget and financing mechanism EUR, contracted membership contribution Number and profile of stakeholders acting in the context 100 stakeholders: entrepreneurs, municipalities, protected areas administrations etc. Number and profile of stakeholders involved in the governance decisions 25 actively involved decision makers: 10 key municipalities, 10 key entrepreneurs, National Park administration etc. 10 key decision makers: NGO founders (National Park Administration, city council, NGO), regional authority, sponsors, 2 key municipalities, 2 key enterpreneurs Actions and projects supported, amount of money invested by private players and Public EU, GEF and national projects in total volume of 40 mil. EUR in last 10 years. Private players and public: 20 mil. EUR in last 10 years. Administration 20 mil. EUR in last ten years. All rough estimate Source: Bohemian Switzerland, p.b.o. 113

114 2.4. PP5 - MARSHAL S OFFICE OF OPOLSKIE REGION 13 An advantage of the Opolskie Voivodeship is the fact that it has conditions for the development in such fields as tourism, recreation and sports services. That situation is caused by the fact that the area is attractive and diversified as far as natural, landscape and cultural assets are regarded. Moreover, it features various cultural and tourist sites. The present state of infrastructure related to tourism, recreation and sport, however, does not allow to fully exploit these assets and can be described as insufficient and unsatisfactory. The example of such state is definitely the Odra river which is not sufficiently exploited as a tourism region s attraction. The identified chance for tourism development is a creation of the attractive and competitive tourism product and sentimental tourism development. Unfortunately, the quality of tourist facilities, in particular accommodation and catering services are poor. Measures taken up to construct new tourist, recreational and sports facilities of regional importance, to stop the gradual degradation and deterioration of the existing facilities and to fully exploit them for tourist, hotel, catering, recreational and sports purposes, will contribute to an increase in economic activity of the region, as well as its attractiveness and competitiveness. They are to strengthen the role of tourism, recreation and sport as factors which positively affect socioeconomic development of the voivodeship, including first of all creation of new, better workplaces. In 2008 the region had 32 hotels, motels and boarding houses and 85 other accommodations. There was beds with approximately 65 per average accommodation. In the period the number of accommodations decreased by 46. The situation can be explained by the fall in demand and lack of financial support for those buildings renovations. Generally, the accommodation system is considered as a very weak branch of tourism in Opolskie Region. In 2008 the average accommodation per 100 km2 was 1-2, when an average in Poland is 2-4 accommodations per 100 km 2 and in the European Union countries there are more that 11 accommodation per 100 km2. In Opolskie Region sport and recreation infrastructure is relatively evenly located. However, there is a lack of sports halls, swimming pools, ice rinks and tennis courts. Number of arrivals of Polish visitors in Opolskie Region was about 0,7 million. Quarter of them stayed more than 5 days. The most frequently Polish visitors in the region are inhabitants of neighboring regions Lower and Upper Silesia as well as from Mazovia. The arrival s purpose was usually family and friend visits. It is estimated that the number of Polish people coming for tourism purposes is about 0,18 million and duration of stay is 2-4 days. The characteristic feature of Opolskie Region is the lowest percentage of long stays organized by Travel Agencies and at the same time one of the highest percentage of long stays organized by schools, work establishments and other institutions. During short visits the tourists more rarely than tourists in other regions stayed overnight in group accommodations (the lowest percentage in Poland). The percentage of long term arrivals in the autumn and short-term arrivals in the summer was the lowest in Poland. In 2008 Opolskie Region was visited by 0,3 million foreign tourists. More than half of them were German people who came to see theirs families or friends. The percentage of people coming for shopping purposes was the lowest in Poland. It is estimated that there was only people who visited the region for tourism purposes. Average of expenditures per person and per one day is the lowest in Poland. Expenditure for accommodations and catering services is below the average in Poland. The Opolskie Region has the smallest collective accommodation base concerning the number 13 Chapter by PP5 Workgroup. 114

115 of beds. In 2008 the biggest number of beds was offered by hotels, camping, training and recreation centres. These tree types of accommodations accumulated more than half of accommodation resources of the whole region. In Opolskie Region is the lowest rate of use of facilities in Poland. Analysis of travel agencies market prove that in the region there are only 82 tourism enterprises which constitute 2,3 % of all enterprises in the region. It is the lowest number of tourist enterprises in comparison with other Polish regions. Only 12 of tourism entrepreneurs are authorized to run a business in the territory of Poland and 50 tourism entrepreneurs are authorized to run a business in European countries Study method Method is based on general method presented by University of Trento, the partner of the project, responsible for Research and Analysis. The main goal of the analysis is to define the tourism development management stimulators and determinants on the selected territories of Opolskie Region. It is expected that thanks to the identification of objectives of the demand and supply according to sustainable tourism model, the tourism development will be more efficient. The research was based on cooperation with Local Action Groups which are competent and responsible for development of rural areas, including tourism development. The analysis was made on 4 territories: Nysko-Głuchołaski Land (2 LAGs) Kluczborsko-Oleski Land (2 LAGs) Euro Country (1 LAG) Dinosaurs Land (1 LAG) Cities (more the inhabitants) located in theses territories were excluded from the research. Data presented in the document reflect the situation of 2008 and of the second quarter of the In the process of determination of trends data from the year 1995 and 2000 was taken into consideration. The data gathering and analysis were based on 2 main information sources: Secondary sources- statistical data accessible in different institutions Primary sources - evaluation on data through the analysis process In the primal research the following research methods were used: Survey - questionnaires were send to the most important tourism entrepreneurs (managers and owners of accommodations and restaurants), owners of agro tourism farms, culture institutions, NGO s. The aim of the survey was to define the tourism potential, tourism offer and its rate of use. It enabled also to know the opinions of inhabitants and visitors on tourism potential of the region. There was also made an identification of the most important natural and anthropogenic advantages of the territory. Significant was also the analysis of the profile of visitors coming to the region. 115

116 Phone inquiry was a complementing research. It helped to minimize the number of false information which could appear in consequence of misunderstanding of some questions included in the questionnaire. Consultations with experts personal meetings with representatives of municipalities of the project territories Study visits estimation of infrastructure, particularly tourism. Quality research personally conducted inquiry with representatives of different groups: tourists, entrepreneurs and community inhabitants Type of territory Four territories where chosen for the LISTEN project: Table 108 Characteristics of target territories (Kluczbork Olesno Land) Characteristics Presence/Absence 1 Kluczbork -Olesno Land Territory Name Milk and Honey Land 2 Type of territories Type 2 3 Plurality of stakeholders who hold local resources High 4 Defined border (single unit analysis) AD 4 5 Presence of small dimension real estates which could High be converted into accommodation Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region AD 3: there is 127 small associations acting in this area, one sport club and two Local Actions Groups. The main role is played by Local Tourism Organization of the Kluczbork- Olesno Land (Milk and Honey Land) which grow up from the local entrepreneurs and public actors. Last time the organization have been working on clustering idea. AD 4: the territory is situated in the in the northeastern part of the region. Borders of the land refer to historical borders of entity which constitute socially, environmentally homogeneous unit. Low lying territory landscape with a developed system of river. There is an important level of forestation (31 % of the total area) with the valuables, protected territories included into Natura Region is a kind of enclave characterized by beautiful monuments of wooden architecture. It is here where the trail of wooden chapels starts Last time there were constructed the knight burg which constitute an important centre of knight tournament in Europe. The characteristic of the region is beekeeping which became a part local tradition (famous dr Jan DzierŜon- bees life researcher lived here). The region is considered as marginal from the touristic point of view. Actually local stakeholders have stared to think about creating some tourist regional brand addressed to tourists interested in ecological style of life, agro tourism and hunting. AD 5: on the area there are some real estates which could be converted into accommodation. Some of them were already converted into restaurants. The characteristic of the local real estate is presence of dormant old water mills. 116

117 1 Territory Name Table 109 Characteristics of target territories (Dinosaur Land) Characteristics AD 3: on the area there is about 140 associations, 8 micro entrepreneurs (particularly services of tourist movements), 8 agro tourist farms (there is 367 in the whole region) The very important actor is DINOPARK ASSOCIATION which aims to manage this territory and create scientific basis of the dinosaurs fossils that have been discovered recently. AD 4: the borders of the Dinosaurs Land correspond with borders of influence of Local Activity Group called Dinosaurs Land. It is an area laying in the valley of Mala Panew river characterized by presence of numerous canals and iron industry. AD 5: there is a medium presence of real estate that could be converted into accommodation. There are some old, dormant ironworks buildings. Table 110 Characteristics of target territories (Nysa Glucholazy Land) Presence/Absence Dinosaur Land 2 Type of territories Type 1 3 Plurality of stakeholders who hold local resources Medium 4 Defined border (single unit analysis) AD 4 5 Presence of small dimension real estates which could be converted into Medium accommodation Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region 1 Territory Name Characteristics Presence/Absence Nysa- Głuchołazy Land 2 Type of territories Type 2 3 Plurality of stakeholders who hold local resources High 4 Defined border (single unit analysis) AD 4 5 Presence of small dimension real estates which could be converted into High accommodation Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region AD 3: there is about 278 associations, 2 Local Action Groups and relatively high number of local small business of tourist sector. AD 4: the borders of the Nysa- Głuchołazy Land correspond with borders of National Tourism Planning where the region is designed as a land of particular tourism importance. The area covers Countryside Park foot hills and Opawskie Mountains. The area is considered as a core of Euroregion Pradziad closed from the East with tourism highway running form Poland to Czech Republic. AD 5: there is a high presence of real estate that could be converted into accommodation: small chalets, cottages and barns. 117

118 Table 111 Characteristics of target territories (Euro Country) Characteristics Presence/Absence 1 Territory Name Euro Country 2 Type of territories Type 1 3 Plurality of stakeholders who hold local resources medium 4 Defined border (single unit analysis) AD 4 5 Presence of small dimension real estates which could be converted medium into accommodation Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region AD 3: on the area there are active informal groups acting on the solectwo level (unit smaller than commune) which work in favor of rural development in frame of Village Renewal Program. What is more there is Local Activity Group called Euro Country which based their strategy on tourism development. There is about 15 enterprises of the tourism sector. AD 4:the borders of the area correspond with borders of Local Activity Group. The area lying between part of Oder and its supply- Osobłoga. The characteristic element of countryside are villages which retained its historical spatial arrangement. Lately local stakeholders renewed the old tradition of horse farming. AD 5: there is a medium presence of real estate that could be converted into accommodation: barns, cottages. 118

119 Socio-economic profile of target territories Territory 1: Kluczbork -Olesno Land ( Milk and Honey Land ) Table 112 Geographical data (Kluczbork Olesno Land) Characteristics Data Average altitude Surface 1555 km 2 Number of municipalities 9 Access to the area is relatively good. Eastern part of the region is located on the 3 significant communication routes junction which are strategic roads. The roads technical condition varies. The problem is the fact that there are insufficient amount of car-parks and because of that the vehicles are parked in every possible place. Accessibility That causes troubles for the tourists. In the western part of the area the significant, however located on the outskirts of the Voivodeship, town of Olesno through which runs the strategically Road. Access is fostered by the railway connections with Wrocław and Katowice (where airports are located). Through the area run Road nr 45 łódź Opole, nr 11 Katowice- Poznań, and nr 42 Kluczbork Wrocław. In the eastern part there is road nr 11 connecting Kołobrzeg Poznań- Kluczbork Olesno Bytom. The voivodeship roads include: Nr 494 Bierdzany Olesno Connections with the Częstochowa, Nr 487 Byczyna Gorzów Olesno i Nr 901 neighbouring areas Olesno Dobrodzień.Lubliniec Olesno Kluczbork Poznań and Kalety Wrocław Mikołów. Access to the nearest airports in Katowice and Wrocław takes about 2-2,5 hours by car. Lack of direct public communication with airports. 33,66 %. The forest complexes with numerous nature reserves are very attractive for the mushroom pickers those areas are abounding with mushrooms and undergrowth. The woods are full with forest game which is a great attraction for the hunters. Nature reserve in BaŜany natural pine forest stand with a significant Woods amount of juniper. In the reserve occur protected plants: stiff clubmoss and alder buckthorn. In the park appear also 50 species of protected plants and about 140 species of rare plants. In the park there are also 220 species of protected animals and about 140 birds, including 21 worldly endangered species farms (14,75 of the total region s area) farms under 1 hectare Farming areas constitute 26,67 % of the total number of farms Urban surface 3,60 % Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region 119

120 Table 113 Socio-economic data (Kluczbork Olesno Land) Population (Inhabitants) Total population of entire region percent/ rural population percentage Birth-rate in the time of the last 10 years - 2,86 Migrations - 1,5 Deaths and births index - 1,39 Age structure , , , , , ,61 65> 14,17 Age index relation of the number of people aged 65 and more to the number of children 0-14 multiplied by 100 Social burden index relation of the not-working population In the age of (over 14 and below 65 years old) and the working population multiplied by 100 Level of deviation Data 9,36% / rural population 11,5 % 90,75 42,43 No data available Population density 63/km2 Economic Data Unemployment Local enterprises total 7453 Small, medium, big Farming, hunting, forestry 606 Industry total 872 industrial processing 859 Building industry 981 Commerce and repairs 2186 Hotels and restaurants 203 Transport, storage and communication 388 Financial service 229 Estates and companies service 834 Presence of renewable energy systems No subject Sustainable transport systems No subject Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region 120

121 Table 114 Tourist sector, demand and supply (Kluczbork Olesno Land) Arrivals and overnights (succession of last 10 years, with monthly data, by type of accommodation) Kluczbork -Olesno Land Milk and Honey Land hotel accommodations overnights non-hotel accommodations overnights hotel arrivals non-hotel arrivals Average duration of stay (in hotel and non-hotel accommodations) average duration of stay in hotel accommodations average duration of stay in non-hotel accommodations Number of hotel and non-hotel accommodations (with reference to growth or decline in the recent past) number of hotel accommodations number of non-hotel accommodations Number of beds (with reference to growth or decline in the recent past) total number of beds number of beds in hotel accommodations number of beds in non-hotel accommodations Average size of hotel and non-hotel accommodations average size of hotel accommodations 30, ,2 38,8 37,2 41,3 26,5 35,3 28,3 28,6 30,6 30,6 30,6 30,6 average size of non-hotel accommodations 42, , ,3 62,7 52,5 45,2 39,7 39, ,8 42,8 Rate of use of facilities = ratio between overnights and the maximum theoretical capability (obtained by multiplying the beds for 365 days) rate of use [in %] Current targets (characteristics of visitors: family, groups, etc). Provide qualitative information if there are no research data. Reference market (international, domestic). Provide qualitative information if there are no research data Generally families and individual tourists who get information about the region form their friends. The most of visitors come in i spring time and summer time and the aim of arrival are usually family visits and the will to participate in local events During the whole school year there are a lot of school groups coming for educational excursions. Geographic criteria: Inhabitants of the Opolskie Region and of Silesia. Foreign tourists come usually from Germany (60 % of all foreign tourists), Czech Republic, France, Netherlands. There are some visitors form other countries coming especially for International Cup in horse-riding. Demographic criteria: Usually youths and pupils who benefit from educational offer and the retired. Rarely there are visits from families with children Quantitative criteria: Individuals, hunters, school groups, chivalric brotherhood s members Trail of the Wooden Churches, exhibitions and plenary events referring to honey and milk traditional production, chivalric Festivals and other events. Good work of Local Tourism organization of Kluczbork - Olesno Land which works on creation of a strong brand of the territory. Last year was created the name Milk and Honey Current product and description of good practice Land. Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region Legend: Downward tendency Upward tendency Stagnation

122 Number of hotel and non-hotel accommodations overnights for respective areas of analysis of "Kluczbork-Olesno Land" in the years Number Years hotel accommoda tions overnights non-hotel accommoda tions overnights Number of overnights in hotel and non-hotel accommodations in the years in "Kluczbork-Olesno Land" Number Years hotel arrivals non-hotel arrivals Average duration of stay in hotel and non-hotel accommodations in the years in "Kluczbork-Olesno Land" Duration of stay Years average duration of stay in hotel accommodation s average duration of stay in non-hotel 122

123 Number of hotel and non-hotel accommodations in the years in "Kluczbork-Olesno Land" Number Years number of hotel accommodation s number of non- Number of beds in hotel and non-hotel accommodations in the years in "Kluczbork-Olesno Land" Number Years number of beds in hotel accommodation s number of beds Average size of hotel and non-hotel accommodations in the years in "Kluczbork-Olesno Land" 120 Size Years average size of hotel accommodations average size of non-hotel accommodations 123

124 Rate of use of hotel and non-hotel accommodations in the years in "Kluczbork-Olesno Land" Rate of use [in %] Years Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region Territory 2: Dinosaur s Land Table 115 Geographical data (Dinosaur s Land) Characteristics Data Average altitude Surface 805 km 2 Number of municipalities 7 Quite good exterior access, that enables access to all towns in the region. In the neighbouring area runs the A4 motorway and quit good road infrastructure, however, there are still Accessibility places that need to be improved. The biggest transport potential has the neighbouring A4 motorway which eventually is going to be a Polish fragment of the longest European route. The infrastructure is quite good, however, it is also diversified. In the neighbouring area (20, 30 km) runs A4 motorway that enables good Access from various parts of the country. In the Connections with the Kolonowskie Community is located a significant road junction neighbouring areas in Fosowskie there are connections with Upper and Lower Silesia as well as to the Polish capital city Warsaw. Forest constitute less than 60% of the whole region s area. The area is located in the boundaries of Protected Area of Stobrawsko-Turawskich Forest Landscape, because of what its biggest advantage is the location among the forest and water reservoirs complex. The area of Protected Area of Stobrawsko- Turawskich Forest is located mainly in the Mała Panew river Woods area, with the exception of open areas. In the majority of forest areas the dominant tree (97%) is pine, and the supplementary kinds are oak, alder, and birch. As far as the age is considered the predominating (40%) are II age class (to 40 years) which occupy less than 55% of the acreage. Trees older than 80 years, which are the most economically and ecologically valuable constitute about 18%. Farming areas from which 44,56 % are farms below 1 hectare Urban surface 11,80% Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region 124

125 Population (Inhabitants) Total population of entire region percent/ rural population percentage Table 116 Socio-economic data (Dinosaur s Land) Birth-rate in the time of the last 10 years - 5,41 Migrations -1,4 Deaths and births index -0,90 Age structure , , , , , ,14 65> 14,77 Age index relation of the number of people aged 65 and more to the number of children 0-14 multiplied by 100 Social burden index relation of the not-working population In the age of (over 14 and below 65 years old) and the working population multiplied by 100 Level of deviation Data 6,79 / rural population (8,39) 110,02 39,27 Population density 88/m2 Economic Data Unemployment 1344 Local enterprises total 4452 Small, medium, big Forming, hunting, forestry 287 Industry total 620 industrial processing 608 Building industry 534 Commerce and repairs 1125 Hotels and restaurants 176 Transport, storage and communication 213 Financial service 97 Estates and companies service 254 Presence of renewable energy systems No subject Sustainable transport systems No subject Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region 125

126 Table 117 Tourist sector, demand and supply (Dinosaur s Land) Arrivals and overnights (succession of last 10 years, with monthly data, by type of accommodation) hotel accommodations overnights non-hotel accommodations overnights hotel arrivals non-hotel arrivals Average duration of stay (in hotel and non-hotel accommodations) average duration of stay in hotel accommodations 1 2,061 2,032 2,320 1,870 1,291 1,447 1,287 1,452 1,614 1,531 1,033 0,706 average duration of stay in non-hotel accommodations 3 6,555 7,157 4,832 5,662 6,943 6,436 3,869 3,674 2,695 3,094 2,890 2,922 3,746 3,478 Number of hotel and non-hotel accommodations (with reference to growth or decline in the recent past) number of hotel accommodations number of non-hotel accommodations Number of beds (with reference to growth or decline in the recent past) total number of beds number of beds in hotel accommodations number of beds in non-hotel accommodations Average size of hotel and non-hotel accommodations average size of hotel accommodations 38 34,000 44,667 50,000 51,500 51,500 50,000 54,000 38,500 39,500 37,000 37,000 37,000 36,000 38,000 average size of non-hotel accommodations 45,3 65,600 63,171 64,289 58,211 56,867 56,167 56,583 58,545 51,429 49,375 44,385 47,308 45,417 45,273 Rate of use of facilities = ratio between overnights and the maximum theoretical capability (obtained by multiplying the beds for 365 days) rate of use [in %] 19,40 17,87 15,84 10,44 14,19 14,36 17,45 16,57 15,89 14,89 14,36 15,37 14,93 18,29 19,42 Current targets (characteristics of visitors: family, groups, etc).qualitative information if there are no research data. Reference market (international, domestic). Provide qualitative information if there are no research data In the summer time there are usually individuals and families for weekend. In the summer there are also organized groups of pupils (holiday camps) (stay=2 weeks). The important group of visitors constitutes participants of training courses organized in local training centres. Geographic criteria: Inhabitants of the Opolskie Region and of Upper Silesia (south-eastern part) Foreign tourists usually come from Germany and Netherlands. Demographic criteria: Usually youth and pupils, families with children and the retired coming for short visits by Turawskie Lake. Quantitative criteria: Couples and families, the new group constitutes archaeologists coming to work on dinosaurs excavations in Krasiejów Current product and description of good practice Caneing trip, fishing events, regattas turawskie Lake New offer coming Jurassic Park in Krasiejów

127 Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region Legend: Downward tendency Upward tendency Stagnation

128 Number of hotel and non-hotel accommodations overnights for respective areas of analysis of "Dinosaur Land" in the years Number Years hotel accommoda tions overnights non-hotel accommoda tions overnights Number of overnights in hotel and non-hotel accommodations in the years in "Dinosaur Land" Number Years hotel arrivals non-hotel arrivals Average duration of stay in hotel and non-hotel accommodations in the years in "Dinosaur Land" Duration of stay Years average duration of stay in hotel accommodation s average duration of stay in non-hotel accommodation s 128

129 Number of hotel and non-hotel accommodations in the years in "Dinosaur Land" Number Years number of hotel accommodation s number of nonhotel accommodation s Number of beds in hotel and non-hotel accommodations in the years in "Dinosaur Land" Number Years number of beds in hotel accommodation s number of beds in non-hotel accommodation s Average size of hotel and non-hotel accommodations in the years in "Dinosaur Land" 70,000 Size 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0, Years average size of hotel accommodations average size of non-hotel accommodations 129

130 Rate of use of hotel and non-hotel accommodations in the years in "Dinosaur Land" 25 Rate of use [in %] Years Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region Territory 3: Nysa Glucholazy Land Table 118 Geographical data (Nysa - Glucholazy) Characteristics Data Average altitude Surface 1090 m2 Number of municipalities 7 Good access, the area from the east is closed by the tourist motorway from Poland to Czech Republic. In addition, since 2 years there is a Accessibility railway frontier crossing. In the frames of interregional cooperation are organized tourist trains through the Polish-Czech frontier. The main elements of the communication network of the regional significance are strategic road nr 41 Nysa Prudnik Trzebinia country s frontier, strategic road nr 46 Kłodzko Otmuchów Nysa Niemodlin Opole Częstochowa, - voivodeship Road nr 407Nysa Korfantów Łącznik; - voivodeship road nr 406 Nysa Jasienica Dolna Włostowa; Connections with the - voivodeship Road nr 411Nysa Głuchołazy country s neighbouring areas frontier, Railway network was shortened, because of the decrease in goods and passenger transport in the years for 30% and 50%, respectively. The current railway network consists of: -independent railway line Kędzierzyn Koźle Nysa Kłodzko - railway line Nysa Opole, - single-track railway line Nysa Głuchołazy, 12,43 % There are 5 nature reserves. The main kinds are: European beech, pedunculate oak, silver birch. From the coniferous trees: Norway Woods spruce, scots pine and European larch. In the Blok reserve, that is diverse in terms of species and age, grow monumental specimens of oaks, ashes and larches. Farming areas of farms from which 46,68 % are smaller than 1 hectare Urban surface 6,15 % Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region 130

131 Table 119 Socio-economic data (Nysa - Glucholazy) Demography Total population of entire region percent/ rural population percentage Birth-rate in the time of the last 10 years. - 4,23 Migrations -2,1 Deaths and births index -1, , , ,14 Age structure , , ,58 65> 14,93 Age index relation of the number of people aged 65 and more to the number of children 0-14 multiplied by 99, Social burden index relation of the not-working population In the age of (over 14 and below 65 years 42,22 old) and the working population multiplied by 100 Level of deviation Population density Economic Data Data 9, 02 / rural population 11,14 % 86/km2 Unemployment Small Local enterprise total Medium Big Farming, hunting, forestry 377 Industry total 724 industrial processing 715 Building industry 793 Commerce and repairs 2259 Hotels and restaurants 281 Transport, storage and communication 347 Financial service 230 Estates and companies service 1203 Presence of renewable energy systems No subject Sustainable transport systems No subject Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region 131

132 Table 120 Tourist sector, demand and supply (Nysa - Glucholazy) Arrivals and overnights (succession of last 10 years, with monthly data, by type of accommodation) hotel accommodations overnights non-hotel accommodations overnights hotel arrivals non-hotel arrivals Average duration of stay (in hotel and non-hotel accommodations) in hotel accommodations in non-hotel accommodations Number of hotel and non-hotel accommodations (with reference to growth or decline in the recent past) number of hotel accommodations number of non-hotel accommodations Number of beds (with reference to growth or decline in the recent past) total number of beds number of beds in hotel accommodations number of beds in non-hotel accommodations Average size of hotel and non-hotel accommodations average size of hotel accommodations 36,3 32,700 37,600 42,800 14,800 21,800 7,800 15,500 79,500 50,300 68,300 50,300 37,700 46,500 36,300 average size of non-hotel accommodations 154,8 88,300 93,300 87, ,900 91,700 63,700 76,000 59, , , , , , ,800 Rate of use of facilities = ratio between overnights and the maximum theoretical capability (obtained by multiplying the beds for 365 days) rate of use [in %] 4,48 1,910 17,800 13,580 14,850 16,620 17,840 16,250 17,580 2,920 3,290 2,680 3,640 3,510 4,480 Current targets (characteristics of visitors: family, groups, etc). Provide qualitative information if there are no research data. Reference market (international, domestic). Provide qualitative information if there are no research data Families for weekend stay, youth and school groups for holiday camps and for nature classes the retired. Duration of stay of the visitors decreased. The reason of this situation is lack of financial support for modernization of infrastructure. Geographic criteria: Visitors usually from neighbouring regions, including Czech Republic. Other foreign tourists come from Germany, Netherlands and Ukraine. Demographic criteria: Usually youths, pupils coming for short holiday and the retired Quantitative criteria: School groups and families with children Events like Nysa s Stronghold s Days and Summer of Flowers, regattas on Nysa and Otmuchowskie lakes Trails: Golden train of miners, green education trails, Polish Czech trails for various sports enthusiasts (cyclists, skiers etc) Current product and description of good practice Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region Legend: Downward tendency Upward tendency Stagnation

133 Number Number of hotel and non-hotel accommodations overnights for respective areas of analysis of "Nysa- Głuchołazy Land" in the years Years hotel accommodat ions overnights non-hotel accommodat ions overnights Number of overnights in hotel and non-hotel accommodations in the years in "Nysa- Głuchołazy Land" Number hotel arrivals non-hotel arrivals Years Average duration of stay in hotel and non-hotel accommodations in the years in "Nysa- Głuchołazy Land" 5 Duration of stay Years average duration of stay in hotel accommodation s average duration of stay in non-hotel accommodation s 133

134 Number of hotel and non-hotel accommodations in the years in "Nysa-Głuchołazy Land" Number Years number of hotel accommodation s number of nonhotel accommodation s Number of beds in hotel and non-hotel accommodations in the years in "Nysa-Głuchołazy Land" Number Years number of beds in hotel accommodation s number of beds in non-hotel accommodation s Average size of hotel and non-hotel accommodations in the years in "Nysa-Głuchołazy Land" Size 200, , , , , ,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0, Years average size of hotel accommodations average size of non-hotel accommodations 134

135 Rate of use of hotel and non-hotel accommodations in the years in "Nysa-Głuchołazy Land" Rate of use [w %] 20,000 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0, Years Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region Territory 4: Euro Country Table 121 Geographical data (Euro Country) Characteristics Data Average altitude Surface 754 m2 Number of municipalities 7 Very good exterior access to all towns of the area. In the neighbourhood there is A4 motorway and the only full-goods Accessibility frontier crossing between Poland and Czech Republic in Trzebinia. In the northern part of the area is located Kędzierzyn Koźle one of the biggest train junctions in the voivodeship. The biggest possibilities in the field of road transport create A4 motorway, crossing the land in the region s neighbourhood. This road is going to become a Polish fragment of the longest European route E40. When the road is finished it is going to connect the Polish-German frontier crossing in Jędzrzychowice with the one in Korczowa on the Polish-Ukraine border. The Connections with the most important roads are E45 Racibórz-Opole, Kluczbork, neighbouring areas Wieluń, Złoczew. E 40 connects the area with the Upper Silesian Industry Area and with the frontier crossing with Czech Republic in Głuchołazy. Railway connections are Kedzierzyn Koźle- Opole, and Legnica-Katowice. The city has also connections with such municipalities like Szczecin, Wrocław, Kraków and Przemyśl Woods 13,26 Farming areas 7227 from which 49,84 % are farms below 1 ha Urban surface 2,92 % Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region 135

136 Population (Inhabitants) Table 122 Socio-economic data (Euro Country) Total population of entire region percentage/ rural population percentage Birth-rate in the time of the last 10 years - 4,03 Migrations -1,3 Deaths and births index 1,14 Age structure , , , , , ,43 65> 16,53 Age index relation of the number of people aged 65 and more to the number of children 0-14 multiplied by 100 Social burden index relation of the not-working population in the age of (over 14 and below 65 years old) and the working population multiplied by 100 Level of deviation Population density Economic Data Data 5,30 / 6,54 rural population 114,84 44,75 73/km2 Unemployment Local enterprises - total 3006 Farming, hunting, forestry 217 Industry total 308 industrial processing 257 Building industry 372 Commerce and repairs 833 Hotels and restaurants 121 Transport, storage and communication 213 Financial service 97 Estates and companies service 254 Presence of renewable energy systems No subject Sustainable transport systems No subject Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region 136

137 Table 123 Tourist sector, demand and supply (Euro Country) Arrivals and overnights (succession of last 10 years, with monthly data, by type of accommodation hotel accommodations overnights non-hotel accommodations overnights hotel arrivals non-hotel arrivals Average duration of stay (in hotel and non-hotel accommodations) average duration of stay in hotel accommodations - 0,000 1,007 1,797 0,000 0,000 3,873 0,207 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 average duration of stay in non-hotel accommodations 1 0,728 1,000 0,971 0,954 1,053 0,951 1,000 0,924 0,921 0,890 0,839 0,853 0,867 0,746 Number of hotel and non-hotel accommodations (with reference to growth or decline in the recent past) number of hotel accommodations number of non-hotel accommodations Number of beds (with reference to growth or decline in the recent past) total number of beds number of beds in hotel accommodations number of beds in non-hotel accommodations Average size of hotel and non-hotel accommodations average size of hotel accommodations - 16,000 13,500 15,000 9,000 0,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 average size of non-hotel accommodations 24,5 25,000 25,000 19,500 16,250 15,333 19,667 16,000 26,000 23,667 21,333 27,500 24,500 24,500 24,500 Rate of use of facilities = ratio between overnights and the maximum theoretical capability (obtained by multiplying the beds for 365 days rate of use [in %] 9 1,083 6,744 2,879 1,779 5,694 3,674 5,922 6,143 8,227 6,759 5,863 6,257 6,587 8,767 Current targets (characteristics of visitors: family, groups, etc). Provide qualitative information if there are no research data. Reference market (international, domestic). Provide qualitative information if there are no research data Current product and description of good practice Mainly visits of horse riding enthusiasts families and organized groups. Peak- time of arrivals is summer time when the events are organized. The aim of visits is to participate in the horse riding championships and to learn and practise horse riding. More and more important group of visitors are families which come with children for therapeutic horseback riding Geographic criteria: Inhabitants of the Opolskie Region and of Upper Silesia (south-eastern part); Foreign tourists come usually from Germany and Czech Republic. There are some visitors from other countries coming especially for the horse riding International Cup. Demographic criteria: Usually youth and pupils who benefit from educational offer as well as families with children. Visitors financial status is very different (form the highest to the lowest level) Quantitative criteria: Couples and families - International Cups in Horse riding, horse- riding educational offer, traditional events Main barriers low level of services and lack of information system for tourists.

138 Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region Legend Downward tendency Upward tendency Stagnation

139 Number of overnights in hotel and non-hotel accommodations in the years in "Euro Country" Number Duration of stay Average duration of stay in hotel and non-hotel accommodations in the years in "Euro Country" Years 2002 Years hotel arrivals non-hotel arrivals average duration of stay in hotel accommodation s average duration of stay in non-hotel accommodation s Number of hotel and non-hotel accommodations in the years in "Euro Country" Number Size 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5, Years number of hotel accommodation s number of nonhotel accommodation s Average size of hotel and non-hotel accommodations in the years in "Euro Country" This project 0,000is implemented trough the CENTRAL EUROPE programme co-financed by ERDF Years average size of hotel accommodations average size of non-hotel accommodations 139

140 Number of beds in hotel and non-hotel accommodations in the years in "Euro Country" Number Years number of beds in hotel accommodation s number of beds in non-hotel accommodation s Rate of use of hotel and non-hotel accommodations in the years in "Euro Country" 10,000 9,000 8,000 Rate of use [in %] 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0, Years Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region 140

141 Tourism Resources Audit Territory 1: Kluczbork -Olesno Land ( Milk and Honey Land ) Stage 1: involves a listing of all resources which have some connection with tourism; Natural resources Wołczyńska brine (natural salty water) hot hyperthermal water Forest nature reserve BaŜanty Forest nature reserves Krzywiczny and Komorzno Floristic nature reserve Kamieniec Ecological small wood Rozalia Stobrawski Landscape Park Biskupice- Brzózki Bay Młyny Reservoir Psurów Reservoir Reservoirs in Stare Olesno Post-mansion parks (18) in Byczyna and Gorzów Śląski Community Table 124 Tourism Resource Database- (Kluczbork Olesno Land) Availability Current level of usage and visits Type of visitors Good Access. Railway and bus connections from different parts of the 3000 people a year Families country. Insufficient information on the Internet. Located in small town BaŜanty. Access by bus, car, bicycle. Few No data available Naturalists, school information signs. excursions. Possible bus and car access. Marked bicycle routes. Detailed information on No data available Naturalists, school the Wołczyn Community website. excursions. Possible bus and car access. Marked bicycle routes. Detailed information on No data available Naturalists, school the Wołczyn Community website. excursions. Possible bus and car access. Marked bicycle routes. Detailed information on No data available Naturalists, school the Wołczyn Community website. excursions. Good railway and bus connections. Good Road and railway connections About 2000 people a Mainly school groups, with Kluczbork (12 km, Wrocław, Opole, Kępno, further to Poznań. year individuals interested in Through the town runs strategic road nr 42 Kluczbork Namysłów and nature railway line Lubliniec - Wrocław. Website with the full information. Appropriate tourist infrastructure. Very good. In the vicinity of Chivalric Castle in Byczyna. Plans of tourist No data available Local inhabitants, infrastructure development around the reservoir. families Good access by car or bus. Car park by the reservoir. No data available Local inhabitants, families Good access by car or bus. Car park near the reservoir. No data available Local inhabitants, families Very good Access by car, bicycle, bus. Infrastructure and tourist base No data available Local inhabitants, around the lake. families Good access by car, bicycle, good marking No data available Local inhabitants, families

142 Cultural resources Availability Owner and administration Current level of usage and visits Type of visitors Palace in Proślice- European Chivalry Draft Centre Currently there is hotel. Open for general use Private owner 600 people a Lear, individual visits. A few thousands visits the place during the courses and occasional feasts. Families, local inhabitants, sometimes foreign groups. Mansion in Uszyce School educational The Order of School Brothers No data available Local inhabitants centre Antique watchtowers and customs Open for general use No data available No data available No data available official s chambers Antique brickyards in Faustynianka na Gołkowice, lime kilns in Słownikowo Good access No data available No data available No data available Wooden Churches router (majority from XVI, XVII century) Wooden chivalrous castle in Byczyna Apiary (bee yard) in Maciejów XIX century bakery and old blacksmith in Kuniów Access by bus, car and bicycle. Marked wooden churches route. Open to visits only during the service or after previously arranged with the local parson. Arranged in half- year advance if one wants to be served. Open 24/7. Previously arranged from 7.00 to In the season also on Saturday. The blacksmith and bakery are located by the bicycle route Kluczbork Opole. Parishes No data available The faithful Culture Centre in Byczyna, Opolskie Chivalric Brotherhood Tourists from 25 countries (including Madagascar, USA, Portugal) Private company 500 people Individuals Private owner No data available Interested people.

143 Events Southern Poland Jazz Meetings in Rudniki Polish Football veterans Championship International knightly tournament in Byczyna Big honey harvest in Maciejów. Time December June/July May (two days) August Organization and administration Culture, Sport and Recreation Centre Rudniki Culture Centre in Byczyna, Hetman Byczyna Football Club Culture Centre in Byczyna, Opolskie Chivalric Brotherhood Apiary LAG Stobrawa River Valley Number of local and external visitors The event has its climate, long tradition. Musicians from the whole country. About 10 music groups. The rally is a annual event, which gathers to Byczyna veteran footballers from the whole country and from abroad. 500 knights from Czech Republic spectators Type of visitors Jazz music enthusiasts, individuals. Matches are attended by a few thousands of visitors. Families, individuals, enthusiasts. 400 people Families, school groups. March to Grunwald June-July (14 days) Private Company Opolskie Chivalric Brotherhood. 500 knights Knights, enthusiasts. International Lumberjack s Championship in Bobrowa June/July Fire brigade from Bobrowa, Co-organization: National Forests Authorities from Katowice, Forest inspectorate from Olesno, Rudniki Community, Culture Centre in Rudniki, Starostwo in Olesno, ZUL Knieja Bobrowa About 5000 guests About 40 contestants from different countries (Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Sweden, Austria, France) Families, individual guests.

144 Service and attractions Availability Owner and administration Praszka Museum: different parts: Historical, ethnographical, natural, archaeological, artistic, echnological Bee-keeping exhibition Craft lessons (pottery, Easter craft) Honey inhalations in Maciejów Open to visits everyday from 7.00 to After previously arranged After previously arranged Current level of usage and visits Type of visitors Community 8000 a year School groups Private company 200 people School groups Medieval draft lessons, courses Whole year Opolskie Chivalric Brotherhood 3000 people a year Adolescents, adults International chivalric camps. From June-September Opolskie Chivalric Brotherhood 3 x 70 people Adolescents Country chivalric courses From June-September Opolskie Chivalric Brotherhood 5 x 42 people Adolescents Medieval cuisine presentations Whole year Opolskie Chivalric Brotherhood No data available School groups, individuals Catering service Type and quality Number of places Level of visits Type of visitors Various, individual guests, couples, Karczma Myśliwska Silesian cuisine, venison 50 people Over 200/ a week families, organized groups, drivers who restaurant, Lasowice Wielkie (forest game meat), pass by the town. Karczma Targowa restaurant, Wołczyn Pod Winogronami restaurant, Wołczyn Granpol restaurant, Wołczyn Arkadia restaurant, Wołczyn Stara Karczma restaurant, Chocianowice Traditional, Silesian cuisine About 25 people Over 200/ a week Silesian, Italia cuisine 100 people Over 200/a week Hungarian, Polish, Silesian cuisine. Italian, Polish cuisine. Specialty: Pork loins in the mushroom sauce. Restaurant arranged in a Silesian style. Silesian cuisine. Specialty: Roulade with dumplings and red 60 people Over 150/ a week About 60 people Over 200/a week Individuals, couples. Families, drivers who pass by the town. Individual guests, couples, families, organized groups. Individual guests, couples, families, individual guests. Individual guests, couples, families, organized groups, foreign guests. Menu in foreign language. To 60 people About 200/ a week Individual guests, couples, families, organized groups, foreign guests. Restaurant open everyday. No closed parties.

145 Tara Fast food bar, Praszka Kmicic restaurant, Praszka Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region cabbage, Ŝurek soup (sour rye soup), sauerkraut with pork ribs. Bar cuisine, dinner sets e.g. Ŝurek soup (sour rye soup), tripe, cabbage stew, shashlik, fast food etc. Polish traditional cuisine. Specialty: Home-made Częstochowski Ŝurek soup (sour rye soup), miner s pork loin, Bavarian. About 40 people About 100/ a week 200 people Over 200/ a week Pizzeria Malaika, Praszka Fast food bar, pizza. 56 people 200/a week "Złota Kaczka" restaurant motel Mirowszczyzna next to Rudniki "Chata Romana" restaurant, Jaworzno next to Rudniki "Nad Stawem" hotel-restaurant, Bogacica Gościniec Staropolski restaurant, Ligota Górna k. Bąkowa Grodzka hotel-resteurant, Byczyna Polish traditional cuisine. Pork loin on a pancake pepper sauce. Typical Polish cuisine. Specialty: Ŝurek soup (sour rye soup). Silesian, Bavarian cuisine. Specialty: Bavarian knuckle of pork with beer. European cuisine. Specialty: Hetman s pan. 250 people Over 200/ a week 150 people About 200/ a week 100 people /a week 60 people Over 200/ a week Silesian cuisine 100 people 250/ a week Individual guests, organized groups, pilgrims, excursion groups, couples, families. Mainly organized groups, canteen, catering service, individual guests, City, Starostwo Authorities delegations, Foreign guests, families, couples, individual guests, drivers who pass by the town. Various, individual guests, couples, families, organized groups, foreign guests, drivers who pass by the town. Mainly organized groups, excursion groups, pilgrims, individual guests, drivers who pass by the town, couples, families, foreign guests Excursion groups, foreign guests, families, couples, business trips.. Excursion groups, foreign groups, families, local guests, drivers who pass by the town. Organized groups, individual guests, families, couples, drivers who pass by the town, foreign guests.

146 Stage 2: is about a critical evaluation of those resources in terms of their quality, uniqueness and tourist appeal; STRENGTHS A significant potential of natural environment including: considerable level of landscape qualities diversity vast forest areas abounding with fair game and undergrowth; thermal water sources in Wołczyn Community Relatively rich with cultural material and non-material heritage including: numerous of interesting and unique antiques, mainly wooden churches and post manor complexes; bee-keeping traditions connected with the character of priest DzierŜon the father of beekeeping; well-preserved traces of various nationalities, cultures and religions presence; Products that are well-identified by the tourists: including: Linear - the wooden churches router, children and adolescents didactic routes; Places/events unique buildings in Byczyna + newlybuild medieval style wooden chivalric castle; Maciejów outside regional capital of beekeeping, Baków Sport and Recreation Centre; Forms of tourism stays in eco and agrotourism farms, which serve regional cuisine considerable local authorities involvement in the areas tourist function development including: fostering of bottom-up initiatives and non-government organization s functioning; relatively great amount of planned investments, that improve the tourist and para-tourist infrastructure, mainly outsider and inside tourist accessibility; effective activity of the Kluczbork-Olesno Tourist Organization in terms of collaborative creation of local brand goods and development of various forms of their promotion; Table 125 SWOT analysis of key tourism resources (Kluczbork Olesno Land) WEAKNESSES weak routes and tourist trails infrastructure; weak and not homogenous marking of tourist objects and tourist destination places; gradual process of accommodation-catering infrastructure standards enforcement; absence of tourist information centre the shape of antique buildings that requires renovation modernization insufficient number and unequal placement of accommodations; insufficient capacity and unequal placement of gastronomic base; absence of local guide services; insufficient amount of sport-recreation in tourist reception places insufficiently elaborated event schedule

147 OPPORTUNITIES Increase of the tourism role in government and local government programme, including local and regional products developments within the framework of public-private partnership; Increase of external financial support (from local governments and European Unison) for development of tourist-recreation functions in the region; Development of abroad cooperation with Germany, Czech Republic, Ukraine; Beneficial tendencies in terms of number of tourists from Germany, Czech, Ukraine, France Region s culinary heritage that enables the creation of an interesting gastronomic offer; Development of tourist accessibility through facilitating access tourist transport junctures like airports; Change of trends and tendencies in world tourism beneficial for: Rest in quiet places in secure contact with nature and local culture, Growing tourist activity, Intensified demand stay for weekend trips, Growing stay for complex packages of touristrecreational services, Development of family tourism, Growing demand for services connected with physical and mental health, including young people; Growing demand for ecological food; More efficient operating operation of Polish Tourist Organization and improvement of Polish tourism s picture in world markets; Gradual getting richer of united Europe society, reflected in increased amount of income spent on tourism purposes. Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region THREATS Potential collision of activities which aim to develop tourist sector with the requirements of environment protection in the areas of legal nature protection, ecological agriculture, cultural heritage protection; Considerable competitiveness from the industrialised region (Upper Silesia) in investors acquisition especially to adapt devastated antique buildings for tourist-recreational purposes; Problems in change of social mentality, which underestimates the tourism-recreation role in the region s socio-economic development; Absence of coherent system of support for enterprises financed from public-private means in the social services sector; Absence of homogenous information and promotion system of the tourist qualities in Poland; Growing migration from the region, especially young people and society s ageing;

148 Territory 2: Dinosaur s Land Stage 1: involves a listing of all resources which have some connection with tourism; Natural resources Mała Panew Mała Panew river valley is a broad flat, lowering of terrain. It creates a picturesque meanders, valleys and oxbow lakes. In the river current one can find a protected fish śliza, and otter Turawskie Lakes to the area s diversification contribute also the Turawskie Lakes Big, Medium, Small and Silver as well as numerous post-excavation lakes and ponds Myślina Valley Myślina is a picturesque river, right side tributary of Mała Panew river which is located in the eastern part of the region. It is meandering among picturesque meadows, moors and forest. Beneath the Oaks ( Pod Dębami ) the lane with 128 pedunculate oak and northern red oaks about 200 years old between the towns of Kolonowskie and Zawadzkie Upon Brzyniczka, environmental landscape complex between Kolonowskie and Pludry Table 126 Tourism Resources Database (Dinosaur s Land) Availability The Mała Panew river crosses through the majority of the area. The biggest values can be observed by the tourists.. The access to the town next to Mała Panew is good (direct bus and railway connections from the region s capital Opole). In the neighbourhood there are well-developed bicycle routes. Very good Access by bus directly from the capital of the region Opole. Welldeveloped bicycle router enable an Access by bike from the neighbouring town. Everyday there are 6 bus connections from the capital of the region. One can reach the area by bike. Covers the Mała Panew valley on the passage from the towns of Kolonowskie and Zawadzkie which have very good connections. Access advisable by car or bike (determined bicycle routes) Covers the Mała Panew river on the passage from the towns of Kolonowskie and Pludry. Access advisable by car or bike (determined bicycle routes). Current level of usage and visits No data available No data available No data available No data available No data available Type of visitors Families and excursion groups from the regions neighbouring areas. Bike and water sports enthusiasts (anglers, canoeists). Occasionally guests from abroad (from Germany) often coming from the region. Families, colonial groups of children from Poland and groups of sailors in the summer season. Neighbouring inhabitants. Bike sports enthusiasts and naturalists. Neighbouring inhabitants. Bike sports enthusiasts, mushroom pickers and naturalists.

149 Cat s Mountain (Kocia Góra) protected are pine forests overgrowing the moraine hills and the breeding ponds complex with an interesting flora and fauna 370, 36 ha located in the inspectorate forests The complex is characterized by diverse carving relief with moraine hills - the highest of it - Kocia Góra Kamionka environmental-landscape complex covers an interesting former basalt quarry Kamionka Paleontological dinosaur excavation in Krasiejóow Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region Covers the Mała Panew river valley on the passage between Kolonowskie and Zawadzkie. Access advisable by car or bike (determined bicycle routes). Neighbourhood of the town of Chrząstowice, settled on the main router from Opole to Warsaw. Good access by car. Good Access to the town of Krasiejów (by train direct from Opole and direct connections with the cities from Upper Silesia). Access by car is hampered because of the Road infrastructure. Well-marked bicycle routes. No data available No data available No data available Neighbouring inhabitants. Bike sports enthusiasts, mushroom pickers and naturalists. Neighbouring inhabitants. Bike sports enthusiasts and naturalists. Neighbouring inhabitants, archaeological groups and naturalists from the whole country, foreign excursions (from Germany and Czech Republic). Cultural resources Availability Availability Evangelical Church from 1819 in Ozimek.- Late-classicism. The 0 level antique. The oldest in Europe cast iron suspension bridge Good- church is located in the centre of Ozimek, which is 25 km from the A4 motorway. The town is also located on the main railway route. The bridge is in Ozimek, which is located 25 km from the A4 motorway. The town is also on the main railway route. The entrance to the foundry in order to visit it Evangelical-Augsburg Parish from Opole. Current level of Type of visitors usage and visits 200 a year Excursion groups from Germany former inhabitants and evangelic, delegations coming to the Community Mała Panew Foundry Excursion groups, including foreign groups

150 Palace-park complex in Radawie Palace-park complex in Zębowice. Hunter s castle, Dębie forestry Palace-park complex in Dobrodzień currently Park Hotel Baroque palace with mansion park in Turawa Antique bridge from 1610r. in Dobrodzień Wooden churches in Zakrzów Turawski, Bierdzany Dobrodzień and in Radawie should be arranged in advance. No railway connections. Possibile bus connection from Opole (5 connections). Good Access by car. No railway connections. Possibile bus connection from Opole (5 connections). Good Access by car. No data available Very good. Dobrodzień is located on the main route Opole- Częstochowa-Warsaw. Many bus connections from the region s capital Opole. The palace is located by the main Road of the Turawa town. Good access by bus and car. Dobrodzień is located on the main route Opole-Częstochowa-Warsaw. Many bus connections from the region s capital Opole The churches are located in small towns to which is a good Access by bus from Opole. Good bicycle routes. Starostwo in Olesno Private owner The Order of School Brothers. Currently the building is a Res-home for children Private owner, who in the park opened a hotel and a high level restaurant Community authorities from Turawa. Currently in palace is located an orphanage. There is a plan of selling the building to private hands. Dobrodzień Community Parishes from the town in which the churches are located. No data available No data available No data available No data available No data available No data available No data available Families from neighbouring towns, couples, enthusiasts of walks. Families from neighbouring towns, couples, enthusiasts of walks No data available Individuals, families, couples, excursions, social meetings. Families, tourists from Germany, former inhabitants of this area. Families, tourists from Germany, former inhabitants of this area. Families, tourists from Germany, former inhabitants of this area.

151 Events Konkursy Kroszonkarskie (Competitions about sculptures made of eggs for Easter). Gaude Mater Festival Polonia Wincenty from Kielcza Rally through the Steps of Former Metallurgy ending on the glade in Regolow. National Meeting of the Artistic Bands National Ethnic Minorities Źródło in the town of Dobrodzień. Painting - sculpturing Artistic Open Air in Uroczysko in the Dylaki village Angler s contest Sailing boat-races (7 in season) Time Around Easter April May Organization and administration Turawa, Ozimek, Kolonowskie, Zębowice Communities. Wincenty Association in Kielcza Polish National Tourist Company Zawadzkie Number of local and external visitors On average 20 people in one contest June Dobrodzień Community people 17 teams 150 contestants Type of visitors Children, adolescents, adults from the Community neighbourhood people Sacred music enthusiasts from the region and the whole Poland people Children in the school age. Inhabitants, ethnic minorities from the country. Foreign groups from Belarus, Czech Republic, Ukraine, Lithuania, Slovakia, Germany, Romania. August Agricultural Farm 8 artists, 250people Artists from Poland, Slovakia, England. Period from May to September From May to September Angler s Company from Zawadzkie, Turawa, Koło Jacht Klub Opolskie Turawa Community, Private Company About 20 people per every contest About 50 people during one boat-race. About 200 spectators. Water sports enthusiasts. Groups of adolescents, families, sailing enthusiasts.

152 Service and attractions Canoe rafting through Mała Panew Sailing course on the Turawskie Lakes. Equaterian service, Niwki Paleontological Museum in Krasiejów Exhibition pavilion in Krasiejów Catering service Snack Bar, Chrząstowice Imbiss" Bar, Chrząstowice Centrum" Bar, Chrząstowice Murzynek Restaurant, Dobrodzień Availability Very good. Information about the possibility of taking part in the drafting available on street banners in the press and on the Internet. Internecie. Information about the courses very difficult to achieve. Webside with the information about the offer. Open during the weekends and on one day during the week to (also during the weekends) Type and quality Dishes from the traditional Polish cuisine. Specialty: knuckle of pork boiled, pickled. Polish cuisine, fast ford. Specialty: knuckle of pork. Owner and administration Private owners, frequently running an agricultural farm. Private sailing club Yacht Club Neptun Private equestrian club NIWKA Current level of Type of visitors usage and visits During the season Organized groups from private companies, from June to the end families, adolescents groups of September every weekend, 20 people on average 20 people a year Adolescents, adults No data available Children, adolescents, adults, group lessons Association a year Mostly adolescent groups Association Community, recently private owner Number of places 40 inside the restaurant, 20 outside 32 inside the restaurant /a year Organized excursion groups, archaeological groups, groups of students Level of visits /a week About 500/a week Type of visitors Neighbouring inhabitants, guests who pass by the town. Guests who pass by the town. Traditional, local food. about 25 About /a week Guests who pass by the town, tourists, local inhabitants.. Silesian, Polish cuisine. Specialty: 70 About 150/a week Families, occasional feasts, tourist Roulade, dumplings. excursions.

153 Nova Restaurant, Ozimek Restaurant by the holiday camp Jowisz, Turawa Zajazd Hema Restaurant, Pustków next to Turawa "Stara Kuźnia" Restaurant, Dębska Kuźnia Pod Kasztanem Bar, Szczedrzyk Baro-Kawiamia, Krasiejów Renoma Restaurant, Zawadzkie Lido Restaurant, Zawadzkie Big Pizza Bar-Restaurant, Zawadzkie Regional, traditional Polish, modern cuisine. Traditional Ŝurek soup (sour rye soup), cabbage with Bacon, potatoes, boiled and pickled knuckle of pork. Silesian, traditional cuisine /a week Tourists, occasional feasts, local inhabitants, foreign delegations. 100 places to sleep in. Full during the season.. Holiday camps, individual guests, foreign guests. Silesian, Polish cuisine. 60 To 150/a week Tourists, local guests, families, organized groups, occasional feasts, foreign guests from USA Germany etc. Silesian the elements of European cuisine. Speciality: Great Ribs of Blacksmith s Brother. Silesian cuisine. Specialty: roulades, dumplings, home-made broth. Silesian Cuisine. Speciality: Turkey s leg with raisins, chilli and dumplings. Silesian cuisine exquisite and traditional. Specialty: loin surprise. Traditional Silesian and Polish cuisine. Specialty: Roulade with dumplings, red cabbage. 100 Over 200/a week Individuals, families, business meetings, foreign tourists. About 50 No data available Tourists, guests who pass by the town, foreign guests. About 70 To 100/a week Organized groups, guests who pass by the town., families /a week Local inhabitants, guests who pass by the town, organized groups, foreign guests. 120 Over 200/a week Tourists, guests who pass by the town, foreign guests, occasional feasts. Pizza, casseroles, fast food. 80 Over 200/a week Different guests, local, organized groups. Zajazd Góralski Pod Niedźwiedziem" Restaurant, Polish, mountaineer s, traditional, cuisine. Specialty: Grilled hen s 60 About 200/a week Integrating feasts, organized groups, individuals, families, groups that pass by the

154 Dębska Kuźnia Restaurant by Park Hotel, Dobrodzień breast with chanterelle and goat s town, tourists. cheese Silesian, Polish cuisine. 200 No data available Individuals, families, couples, excursions, social meetings. Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region Stage 2: is about a critical evaluation of those resources in terms of their quality, uniqueness and tourist appeal; Table 127 SWOT analysis of key tourism resources (Dinosaur s Land) STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES Area located in the neighbourhood of the Opolskie Agglomeration with a good external access by public and private means of communication; Good communication connection with Upper Silesian Agglomeration, from where the majority of visitors come and benefit from the Opolskie tourist offer during the summer season; Relatively fast pace of rural urbanization with a chance to extend the suburban rest zone, esthetically kept villages and small towns; Significant natural environment potential including: Picturesque and diverse landscape of Odra River ice-marginal valley as well as its tributary Mała Panew River and other smaller watercourses like Myślina River; Bright forest complexes which are beneficial during an active holiday, located by the marked forest routes, rich undergrowth, diverse kinds of a chase game; Abundance of water birds, that enable bloodless hunting Big Turawskie Lake reservoir as well as a few nearby smaller lakes, with perfect conditions for water sports for both amateurs and professionals; Unique on an European scale paleontological excavations in Krasiejów (Silesian dinosaur - Silesaurus Opolensis); Relatively rich material land non-material heritage mainly connected with: Metallurgical industry, that has been developing since XVIII in that area. There are workshops and distant steelworks, unique iron suspension bridge century ; Water transport of products, prefabrication, coal and wood; Remarkable involvement of local authorities of different levels in revitalization and expanding of the area s tourist-recreational function including: Support of bottom-up initiatives and functioning of non-governmental associations, including an association that unites entities making efforts to create a Jurassic Park of scientific-didactic-recreational function; Recognition of the enterprises connected to Jurassic Park, as an investment of a high significance for the Absence of plastic-marketing elaboration dealing with a coherent and full exploitation of area s tourist potential regarding the three most important assets: archaeological discoveries, water reservoirs located in forest surroundings, post-industrial heritage; Weak condition or absence of tourist infrastructure including the surroundings of the most important tourist attractions like Jurassic Park; Weak and not-homogenous marking of tourist objects and tourist destinations; Slow pace of the privatisation process of the tourist base and implementation of standards for accommodation-gastronomic infrastructure ; Absence of tourism information centres Shape of the buildings Insufficient number and uneven allocation of accommodations; Insufficient capacity and uneven allocation of gastronomic services; Absence of local guidance services; Insufficient number of sport-recreational objects in places of tourist reception; Weak elaboration of events schedule, especially those that take place in the summer season; Lack of coherence of actions between social organizations that function in the field of tourism and recreation,

155 region; Relatively good allocation of tourist infrastructure (punctual and linear) in the vicinity of water reservoirs; Remarkable number of objects offering seasonal accommodations and numerous gastronomic services providers; Positively regarded area among the foreign tourists, mainly from Germany, as a region of summer rest at the water reservoir; OPPORTUNITIES Increase of the tourism s importance in government and local authorities programmes including the development of the products for selected groups that deal with scientific-business tourism, which is going to be developed on the basis of the public-private partnership; Formal-legal chances of extension of educational offer from Universities and extension of international scientific exchange in the filed of palaeontology and increase of interest in natural science among young generation; Increase of chances to gain external financing (from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland, Ministry of National Education of the Republic of Poland and from European Union funds) for collective international scientific research, exchange of good practice and creation of scientific work infrastructure for young scientists; Change of trends and tendencies in world tourism for: Rest in quiet places in secure contact with nature and local culture, Growing tourist activity, Intensified demand for weekend trips, Development of conference tourism, More efficient operating operation of Polish Tourist Organization and improvement of Polish tourism s picture in world markets; Gradual getting richer of united Europe society, reflected in increased amount of income spent on tourism purposes, trips to untypical places. Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region gastronomy and among other sectors of economy including agriculture and craft; Absence of an area s distinct brand names; Insufficient promotion of qualities in tourist offers; THREATS Loss of existing segment of visitors caused by the bad sanitary shape of reservoirs and condition of tourism and para-tourism infrastructure; Big competition from Lower Silesia and Old Polish Industrial Area. Świętokrzyskie voivodeship reports actions aiming to gain investors who want to start actions to adapt ruined antique buildings to tourist-recreational purposes; Problems in change of social mentality, which underestimates the tourism-recreation role in the region s socio-economic development; Absence of coherent system of support for enterprises financed from public-private means in the social services sector; Absence of homogenous information and promotion system of the tourist qualities in Poland; Growing migration from the region, especially young people and society s ageing;

156 Territory 3: Nysa Glucholazy Land Stage 1: involves a listing of all resources which have some connection with tourism; Natural resources Bobra Camp-site Niemysłowicki Viper Forest. Frogs Eye Pond Table 128 Tourism Resources Database (Nysa Glucholazy) Availability Access by car or bus. Bicycle, foot routes in the neighbouring area. Located among Niemysłowice, Łąka Prudnicka and Szybowce villages. On the Prudnik- Dębowiec route. Access by car or bus. Scarce tourist infrastructure. Current level of usage and visits No data available No data available No data available Type of visitors Bicycle sports enthusiasts, naturalists. Naturalists. Meetings, picnics. Lime Lane Road out of traffic, possibility of tourist No data available Bicycle sports enthusiasts, naturalists. wandering. Easy Access by car, bicycle or bus. Western part of the town of Korfantów. Access No data available Walking enthusiasts. Landscape-Naturalist Park in Korfantów by bus. Well organized walking routes, small from XVII century tourist infrastructure (benches). Partial Reserve BLOK Voivodeship and county Road. Access by bike. No data available Bicycle sports enthusiasts, naturalists. Very easy. Train, bus, various wandering and bicycle routes which are well marked. On the Abort 4-4,5 thousands visitors on the Organized school groups, adults, individuals. Góry Opawskie Landscape Park way there are mountain shelters, rest places. For organized groups there are educational courses conducted. Ecology knowledge contests for school children conducted. educational activities in the seat of Opawskie Mountains Landscape Park 15 kilometres from Nysa. Access by car to the No data available Enthusiasts of extreme scuba diving. Out of order granite pit in Nadziejów car park. The road is closed 100 meters from the excavation filled with water. Florist Reserve (Rezerwat florystyczny) Bus, car, bicycle router. No data available Bicycle sports enthusiasts, naturalists. Krwiściągowi Meadows Marble mine in Sławniowice No data available No data available No data available Quiet Valley (Cicha Dolina) Reserve Głuchołazy Access by car or bicycle. Big car park for tourists. Southwards from Pokrzywna village, in No data available Bicycle sports enthusiasts, naturalists.

157 Beech Forest (Las Bukowy) Reserve Głuchołazy Upon Białka (Nad Białką) Reserve Przyłęk Reserve Paczkowskie Foothill the neighbourhood of the frontier crossing with Czech Republic. Created in the Community Forest area of the town of Głuchołazy. Created on 1 March 1999 in the Community Forest in Głuchołazy area. It is located on the southern bank of the Biała Głuchołaska river, in the neighbourhood of the border frontier with Czech Republic, in the western part of the town of Gluchołazy. Through the reserve runs the nature-didactic router Through the Chrobry Mountain in Głuchołazy Przyłęk reserve is located In the Nysa Kłodzka tributary in the Sudety Foothills area. It is equated and it constitutes wavy plan on the m level, crossed by brook valleys flowing from the Opawskie Mountains. The region is build from granites, in the southern part occur numerous rock forms.. No data available No data available No data available No data available Bicycle sports enthusiasts, naturalists. Bicycle sports enthusiasts, naturalists. Tourists, naturalists. Tourists, naturalists. Otmuchowskie Lake Convenient access by car. Many Rest houses, sandy beaches. Perfect conditions to perform water sports and fishing. No data available Water and bicycle sports enthusiasts, tourists. Nyskie Lake Convenient Access by car. Excellent tourist, gastronomic and accommodation infrastructure. Natural sandy beaches, numerous water sports. No data available Water and bicycle sports enthusiasts, tourists.

158 Cultural resources Availability Owner and administration Current level of usage and visits Type of visitors Parish church in Korfantów from XII/XIV open for general use Parish No data available the faithful century Late baroque church in Przechód open for general use Parish No data available the faithful Church in Ścinawa Nyska from XVIII No data available Parish No data available the faithful century Church in Mała Ścinawa from XIV / XV No data available No data available No data available the faithful century Castle in Łąka Prudnicka from XIV Open for sightseeing No data available No data available Castles enthusiasts. century St. Anna s church in Niemysłowice open for general use Parish No data available the faithful Baroque Palace in PrzydroŜe Małe open for general use No data available No data available History enthusiasts Nineteenth century brickyard in No data available No data available No data available No data available Niemysłowice Palace park, middle of XIX-XX century, No data available No data available No data available History enthusiasts Frydrychów Mansion Complex in Lisie Kąty No data available No data available No data available No data available Mansion from the year 1800 in Trzeboszowice, No data available No data available No data available History enthusiasts Franx Ferdynand s Viewing Tower from 1896 Gwarkowa Perć Stone pit Antique churches and chapels in the whole area Defensive walls in very good shape in Paczków. There are 19 wall towers and 3 defensive towers. St. John the Evangelist s Church in Paczków Tourist route Głuchołazy, Jarnołtówek, Kopa Biskupia summit, entrance payable Along the route by Bystry Potok brook to Biskupia Kopa mountain No data available No data available Organized groups, couples, families, individual guests. No data available No data available No data available open for general use No data available No data available the faithful open for general use, Polish Carcassonne open for general use, Antique from XIV century No data available No data available Castles enthusiasts, tourists No data available No data available the faithful

159 Events Time Organization and administration Kupała Night (Noc Kupały) in Jarnotłówek Flowers Summer (Lato kwiatów) in Otmuchów Point (Kropka) National Tourist Song Festiwal in Głuchołazy Number of local and external visitors 23/24 June Private administrator No data available June The mayor from Otmuchów No data available Type of visitors Couples, families, individual guests. Couples, families, individual guests. July No data available No data available No data available Tourist Harvest Festiwal in Skorochów July Head of a rural subdivision of Skorochów No data available Green Holidays (Pentecost Zielone Świątki) in Wilamowice Nyskie, Once in the folk way (Raz na ludowo) Saling boat-races on the Otmuchowskie Lake May, Sunday, 7 weeks after the Easter Saturday-Sunday in the Easter period Beginning of spring Head of a rural subdivision of Wilamowice "OPTY and TJ LANŠKROUN ODDIL JACHTINGU Sport club from The Czech Republic No data available No data available Couples, families, individual guests. Couples, families, individual guests. Couples, families, individual guests. Couples, families, individual Welcoming of Spring in Kozielno rural subdivision inhabitants No data available guests. Summer Everywhere (Lato wszędzie) in Couples, families, individual Summer rural subdivision inhabitants No data available Kozielno guests. Couples, families, individual St. John s Night (Noc Świetojańska) June Biała Nyska Development Association. No data available guests. Easter Feast (Biesiada Wielkanocna) in Couples, families, individual March/April Towns Cultural Centre in Otmuchow No data available Otmuchów guests. Nysa s Stronghold s Days. Staging of the 1807 battle with over five hundred military history enthusiasts from Poland, Fortification Enthusiasts Association, The Military and history Czech Republic, Hungary, Germany and July/April 6000 Authorities of the City of Nysa enthusiasts. Belarus who are dressed in the traditional uniforms from the regiments of Napoleonic Wars epoch. International current ball tournament. August Fire Brigade from Przechód 20 teams 2000 people

160 Moritz Brosig Organ and Cameral Music Festiva in Paczków Muzyka ponad granicami (Music above the frontiers)l Film Festival in Paczków. Meeting with Czech cinema. Service and attractions First concert 03rd May. The last in the middle of October. October Availability Recreational and Cultural Centre, Town s Authorities in Paczków. 8 concerts Over 200 guests on every concert Recreational and Cultural Centre, Town s 14 film showings 3-4 thousands Authorities in Paczków Owner and Current level of usage and Type of visitors administration visits Stud farm in Chocim near Prudnik Access by car. About 4,5 km from Prudnik. No data available No data available Horse-riding enthusiasts Rope park in Pokrzywna. Access by car. No data available No data available Tourists, families Easy to reach. All one Has to do is driving through Pokrzywna turn Forest baths in Pokrzywna Wright At the crossroad Tourists, families, couples, with next to the former No data available No data available individuals. Frontier Guard. A few hundred meters further there is a car-park and entrance to the baths. Ski Hillsides in Jarnołtówek Angling fishery Sailing (equipment hiring, courses) Water sports kite surfing In the winter season one 300m ski-lift open everyday. Excellent place for skiing and snowboarding for amateurs. Convenient Access by car to Nyskie and Otmuchowskie Lakes Convenient Access by car to Nyskie and Otmuchowskie Lakes Convenient Access by car to Nyskie and Otmuchowskie Lakes No data available No data available Skiing and snowboarding enthusiasts No data available No data available Fishing enthusiasts No data available No data available Sailing enthusiasts No data available No data available Water sports enthusiasts

161 Catering service Włoski Smak Restaurant, Jarnołtówek U Bodzia fish frying center, Moszczanka SmaŜalnia nad Stawem fish frying center, Moszczanka, Zagroda restaurant, Konradów Bistro-Pizzeria restaurant, Paczków, "Magda" milk-bar, Paczków, "Carcassonne" cafe and restaurant, Paczków Pizzeria, Otmuchów Górski Dom Turysty PTTK na Biskupiej Kopie, Jarnołtówek Type and quality Italia cuisine (pasta, pizza from the oven, home-made Parma ham), Polish cuisine. Restaurant is run by an original Italian chef. Fish (one can catch a fish and hale it prepared- trout, sturgeon). Furthermore, there others (like salmon, burbot, catfish etc.), Polish cuisine, grill. Specialty: roast and smoked salmon. Fish trout, Polish cuisine, Fast food. Polish cuisine, home-made dishes, selection of pork dishes, also vegetarian cuisine. Pizza, Polish, Silesian cuisine, pasta dishes, Fast food. Polish, Silesian cuisine, different kinds of ravioli. Polish, Silesian cuisine. Specialty: Paczkowski trout with boiled vegetables, cantharellus and potatoes Number of places 130 seats in the hall, during season additional 40seats on the terrace. 120 under tent 80 outside under umbrellas About 300 No data available Level of visits about 200/ a week During the season about 150/ a week About /a week over 200/a week Type of visitors Local inhabitants, tourists, organized groups (camps, excursions), foreign guests. Local inhabitants, people from the whole voivodeship and outside the region, tourists resting in Opawskie Mountains, individual tourists, organized groups. Camps, individual tourists, holiday makers, organized groups, guests from the whole voivodeship and outside the region. Individual guests, business meetings about 150/a week Tourists, individual, foreign guests seats/ After previously arranged up to 70 places About /a week 150/a week Excursion groups, individual, foreign guests, holiday-makers. Individual guests, organized groups, excursion groups, camps, organized groups. Pizza, Polish cuisine /a week Individual guests, families, foreign guests. Polish cuisine. Specialty: Roast ham, Opawskie pancakes /a week Individual guests, organized groups, foreign guests, excursion groups, camps. Cafe-Video cafe rastaurant, Home-made, hunters, cuisine., 12 to 150/a week Individual guests, organized groups, a whole

162 Jarnołtówek, Karczma Zbójnicka inn, Jarnołtówek, grill, fish dishes (sander, trout), coffee, desserts. Polish, Silesian, Mountaineers cuisine. variety of foreign guests. 120 to 150/week Individuals, couples, families, foreign guests. ''Carina'' restaurant, Pokrzywna, Krater restaurant, Głuchołazy Tawerna restaurant, Ścibórz near Paczków Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region Polish, Silesian cuisine. Specialty: grilled trout. Polish, Silesian, French cuisine. Specialty: Hungarian pancake 80 about 200/a week to 150/a week Traditional Polish cuisine. about 60 to 150/a week Organized groups, individual guests, holiday makers. Individual guests, couples, organized groups, foreign groups. Disco, karaoke, dancing evenings. Organized groups, individual guests, guests who pass by the town on the Road to Kłodzko. Stage 2: is about a critical evaluation of those resources in terms of their quality, uniqueness and tourist appeal; STRENGTHS Table 129 SWOT analysis of key tourism resources (Nysa Glucholazy) Good Location on the tourist route crossing 2 mountain ranges: Sudety Mountains and Karpaty Mountains which integrate Middle Eastern part of Europe Diversified area as far as the natural, landscape and cultural assets (mountains, lakes, Valleys) are regarded. Good accessibility (good connections with Upper and Lower Silesia and with Czech Republic), number of frontier- crossings which enable the liquidity of touristic traffic between the countries during the summer and winter season. In the summer and winter seasons are organized additional temporary connections with tourism destination places. Three quarter of the area is under legal protection: Landscape Park Opawskie Mountains, Nyskie and Otmuchowskie Lakes During the summer and winter seasons there is a relatively great number of accommodations per 1 km2,. Well arranged tourism infrastructure. Tourism product well-known by visitors Line products pedestrian and bicycle cross border trails around lakes and in the mountains good conditions for active tourism. Educational and thematic trails which promote natural and cultural WEAKNESSES Absence of marketing regulations for use of tourism potential Low process of propriety transformations. Standardisation and categorisation problems lead to devastation of buildings, including antique monuments Disarrangement of neighbouring villages and lack of complex solutions in terms of organisation system and equipment (instruments) which could allow to ensure environment protection and monitoring. Old tourism infrastructure constitute the real barrier for creation of attractive tourism offer to attract tourist and make the stay longer in the region. Absence of homogenous system of marking in the area eg. tourist routes, observation points. Lack of the coherence in terms of activities undertaken by social tourism organisation and organisation dealing with other branches (agriculture and craft) Low standard of building offering services for training business

163 heritage, Events and places antique buildings in Paczków, Otmuchów, Głuchołazy and Korfantów Number of cross border events Czech Republics borderland; Głuchołazy Good climate for health care (in Korfantów special micro climate) Involvement of local governments in tourism development activities like Creation of information tourism centres which cooperate with information centres in Czech Republic Good tourism promotion (various forms); Relatively great number of investments in infrastructure Increase in number of accommodations in rural areas (agro and eco farms); OPPORTUNITIES Increase in importance of tourism sector in national and regional programme development of local product included on the basis of public - private partnership; Increase in number of possibilities to gain external financing (from UE) for tourism development in the region Development of cross border and international cooperation Increase in the number of visitors from Poland and from Czech Republic, Ukraine and Germany. Culinary heritage could be used for great gastronomic offer; Increase of accessibility through the extension of frontier crossings, development of highway. Change of trends in World tourism towards: Rest and holiday organized in the less crowded places contact with nature and local culture Increase of tourism activity, Increase in demand for weekend trips Increase in demand for complex tourism service, Family and business tourism development Increasing demand for services connected with mental and physical health care Increasing demand for ecological food. More efficient actions of Polish Tourism Organization, improvement of Poland s image in the World s market Gradual getting richer of united Europe society could bring to increase of expenditure for tourism purposes Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region meetings, school groups Low standard of services offered by agro tourism and eco tourism farms- lack of categorization Low process of creation of the offer in cooperation with neighbouring Czech region Typical and conventional information and promotional system Lack of innovative solutions used by social communication marketing THREATS Potential collision between activities aiming at tourism sector development and environmental protection standards, ecological, ecologisation of agriculture, culture heritage s protection Greater competitiveness of neighbouring region of Lower Silesia and cross border regions of Czech Republic for attracting investors in or to adapt old devastated buildings for tourism purposes. Limited possibilities for equipment existing base; Low process of social and regional change in the way of thinking underestimation of the role of tourism recreation for social economic development Absence of coherent system for supporting actions undertaken in the frames of public private sector; Absence of coherent information and promotion system in Poland The increasing emigration of young people and society aging

164 Territory 4: Euro Country. Stage 1: involves a listing of all resources which have some connection with tourism; Table 130 Tourism Resources Database (Euro Country) Natural resources Availability Current level of usage and visits Type of visitors Environment-landscape complexes Entrance to the park is open everyday. No data available Inhabitants, families Landscape Park near the Palace in Zakrzów Palace sightseeing available after previously arranged with the leaseholder. Stanowisko Lilii Złotogłów (2nd biggest in Poland) (Cisek community) Access only by car. Good marking. Open for general use No data available Environment enthusiasts Mansion Park in Trzebina Open for general use No data available Inhabitants, families, couples Lime Lane in Lubrzy Open for general use No data available Inhabitants, couples Entrance to the park is open everyday. No data available Inhabitants, couples, families Landscape Parks near the Palace sightseeing available after Palaces in Długomiłowice previously arranged with the leaseholder. and Większyce Access only by car. Good marking. Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region Cultural resources Castle in Polska Cerekiew Neo-baroque church in Polska Cerekiew Neo-gothic church in Grzędzin Availability Castle opened only during organized events. Good Access. Opened for visits on Sundays and Holidays during the holy mass. No tourist infrastructure. Opened for visits on Sundays and Holidays during the holy mass. During the week only after previously arranged with the parson. Owner and administration Private owner Current level of usage and visits No data available Type of visitors Families, couples, enthusiasts of walks around the neighbouring areas parish No data available Groups parish No data available Pilgrimages, tourist groups from Germany, Czech Republic, visiting the region

165 The eclectic Palace In Jakubowice Palace in Trawniki from XIV century Church of St. Bryksjusz in Gościecin Wooden church in Przewóz and Odrzanskie Place in Radoszow. Chapels, crosses, roadside shrine from the XIV XX century period The Hunter s House (XIX/XX century) in Stara Kuźnia Frog s Gate (Brama śabia) in 3 Borzysławice Events International Competition of Amazons In Ladies Saddle (Międzynarodowe Zawody Amazonek w Damskim Siodle) International Junior and the Young Equestrians in Breaking in Championships Equestrian Stars Championship Open for visitors after previously arranged with the private owner. Open for visitors after previously arranged with the private owner. Open for sightseeing during the service. During the week after previously arranged with the parson. Open for sightseeing during the service. During the week after previously arranged with the parson. Open for sightseeing during the service a few times in the year. During the year after previously arranged with the correct parson. Opened for sightseeing with the guide and for the purposes of thematic Private owner. Currently he runs a Rest-home Private owner. parish parish parishes Forest Inspectorate Kędzierzyn Koźle No data available No data available No data available No data available No data available No data available Individuals, interested in architecture Families, couples, enthusiasts of walks around the neighbouring areas. Pilgrimages, tourist groups from Germany, Czech Republic, visiting the region Individuals interested In sacred architecture Pilgrims, enthusiasts of sacred architecture Families, school groups (lessons about nature) Open for general use Community No data available No data available Time Organization and Number of local and administration external visitors May Equestrian Club Lewada 500 visitors 40 contestants May Equestrian Club Lewada 500 visitors 40 contestants from different European countries August Equestrian Club Lewada About 80 actors, famous people every Type of visitors Families, enthusiasts of equestrian sports, local and national journalists Families, enthusiasts of equestrian sports, local and national journalists Families, enthusiasts of equestrian sports, celebrities and journalists (television

166 Pływała rafting through the Odra river from Bohumin In Czech Republic to Kędzierzyn Kozle. Rafting on different constructions and materials. The best swimming construction is awarded. Festival of Ludwig Van Beethoven in Głogówek Service and attractions Horse recreation- summer camps, instructor s courses, equestrian courses. Bicycle Road in Lubieszów Heritage Park of Beekeeping In Lubieszów Lear, visitors about June Bierawa Community About 60 teams (3-4 contestants in each). About several hundred visitors. September-October (4 days, every week) Availability Opened from to Easy access to Kędzierzyn Koźle (road junction) and then city bus Access with a car through the voivodeship road nr 425. Next to the entrance car parks and full marking. Good Access. Lubieszów is located near the voivodeship Road. Direct connections from Opole. No information on the signs where the Heritage Park is located. Sightseeing only after previous arrangement with the administrator. City Authorities of Głogówek, Regional Museum in Głogówek, Socio-Cultural Community of Germans on the Opolskie Silesia. Owner and administration Private owner, Lewada Club About several hundred visitors. Current level of usage and visits accounts) Inhabitants of Polish and Czech villages through which cross the contestants. Families and the water sports enthusiasts from the whole Poland and Czech Republic. Classical music enthusiasts of every age. Type of visitors 150 people Children, adolescents, adults, artistic communities. Bierawa Community No data available Families, school groups organizing bike trips Private owner 400 people a year School groups on the lessons about tradition and region.

167 Catering service Type and quality Number of places Level of visits Type of visitors Pizzeria Angelo, Głogówek Głogowianka Restaurant, Głogówek Nenufar Bar, Lubrza Tibo Inn Restaurant, Bierawa Marco Polo Bar - Restaurant, Polska Cerekiew Wieczorek Restaurant, Polska Cerekiew TIBO Inn Restaurant, Długomiłowice "Ada" Restaurant (by the Ada hotel), Większyce Pizza, casserole, Fast food etc. about 50 To 150/a week Polish, Silesian cuisine. Beef roulade, dumplings, red cabbage. Pork chop, potatoes, fried cabbage. Home-made, Polish cuisine. Speciality: Home-made beef tripe about 30 about 30/week 26 to 150/a week Excursion groups (the restaurant is opposite the castle), individuals, guests from abroad, families. Individuals, couples, families who pass by the town. Individuals, couples, families, organized groups, guests from the abroad. Home-made, Silesian. 50 to 150/a week Individuals, families, guests from abroad. Silesian, Italian cuisine. Speciality: Hunter s chop. Silesian, Polish cuisine. Speciality: Hungarian pancake Silesian, vegetarian cuisine. Big choice of dishes. Speciality: Company s set Orient from the grill. Silesian and from other regions cuisine. Dishes made on the special request of the client. 50 to 200/a week to 100 to 150/a week (in the season) 85 to 200/a week 140 Do 150/tydzień Mechnica Bar, Mechnica Silesian cuisine 120 Local opened on request Salve Restaurant, Głogówek Silesian cuisine, also dishes from other countries like Chinese food. Two rooms, 90 places in total. About / a week Individuals, couples, families, organized groups, guests from abroad. Local inhabitants, families, couples. Families, individuals, couples, guests from abroad, organized groups, guests who pass by the town. Individuals, couples, families, organized groups. Organized groups, families, occasional feasts. Individuals, organized groups, delegations, guests from abroad. Krystyna, Restaurant- Silesian cuisine 40 To 150/ a week Individuals, couples. Bar Lubrza Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region

168 Stage 2: is about a critical evaluation of those resources in terms of their quality, uniqueness and tourist appeal; STRENGTHS Table 131 SWOT analysis of key tourism resources (Euro Country) Located in the neighbourhood of big municipal centres like Kędzierzyn Koźle and Racibórz (having more than inhabitants) Located in the neighbourhood of Landscape Park of Opawskie Mountains Good accessibility - proximity of A4 highway Historic villages arrangements (oval, irregular seats) Existing horse-riding enthusiasts infrastructure (individuals, families, children) Rich cultural offer in the frames of events organized during the horse cups and championships events (concerts of Polish stars, expositions, artistic open air) Good contacts and cooperation with foreign partners within the frames of organization of The Cup in Horse-Riding Membership of stakeholders (owners of stud farm and Cup s organisers in the International Horse Riding Coach s Association Positive opinion on horse events disseminated by mass media. OPPORTUNITIES Increase in number of possibilities to gain external financing (local governments, UE) for development of a given form of tourism in the region by the association of the tourism form enthusiasts; Increase in importance of health prevention and treatment of disturbance with disabled methods like care and contact with animals; Increase of accessibility through the new connections with different places (airport included) Change of trends and directions in tourism development for Holiday organized in quiet places in contact with nature and local culture Increase of tourism activity, Increase in demand for weekend trips Increase in demand for complex tourism service, Family and business tourism development Increase of demand for services connected with mental and physical health care Increase in demand for ecological food More efficient actions of Polish Tourism Organization, improvement of Poland s image on the World market Gradual getting richer of united Europe s society leads to an increase of expenditures for tourism Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region WEAKNESSES Weak internal accessibility Not efficiently promoted village heritage Lack of hotels Relatively modest accommodation base in terms of quality and quantity. Very slow process of creation of new accommodation in agrotourism farms Only one event is organised on an international scope Too small number of house riding coaches Low attractiveness of local offer of gastronomical services Offer addressed only to a small target audience of local scope Difficulties in change of mentality on profitability of establishing tourism service enterprise; Lack of professional information and complex promotion of tourism offer. Lack of network and cooperation among horse services providers in Opolskie Region. THREATS Financial barriers in realization of multifunctional concept of Sport Recreation centre in Zakrzów (organisers of Cup in horse-riding); Increase of emigration of young people towards big municipalities and aging of society; Strong competiveness of this type of services in other regions

169 Analysis of governance system Table 132 Local Action Groups: Stobrava river Valley and Upper Prosna (Kluczbork Olesno Land) Name of the territory and legal form Dolina Stobrawy (Stobrawa River Valley) Municipalities: Kluczbork, Wołczyn, Lasowice Wielkie, LEGAL FORM: creation of Local Activity Group is based on act of national parliament on supporting rural area development According to this low the Local Action groups have an association status with legal status. There is a condition: for being qualified as a Local Action Group the Strategy goals 1. Creation and development of local product based on local potential Creation of a competitive tourist offer educational and cultural Support for creation of unique tourist products - educational and cultural 2. Human resource development Personnel training for the requirements of microenterprises Support for the personnel in agrotourism Personnel training for the non- Members and decision body Association is composed of 61people 49 represent social sector, 3 represent economic sector and 9represent public sector Decision body- Council of the association is composed) 9 people 3 are social representatives 3 people represent economic sector 3 represent public sector (municipalities) Budget Total budget for the period : ,00 zł - Diversification into non agricultural activity ,00 - Village renewal and rural development ,00 zl - Creation and development of micro entrepreneurship ,00 - Small projects ,00 - Cooperation projects ,00 - Current cost of LAG ,00 - Gaining capacities Projects and financial support Tourism development in Kluczbork municipality in frames of Phare 2005 Programme there were realised some actions: - marking of the bicycle trail, - bicycle trails In the footsteps of past craft, - courses on ecology in Antique blacksmith and bakery in Kuniów Ecological competitions at schools, ecological picnics, 70 % = zł (finances in frame of Phare) Networkin g and cooperatio n among companies and players Interconnectio ns between tourism and other fields Disposal to undertake process of tourism development Absence Absence High

170 group must be qualified for Leader II or Leader + previously. governmental organizations Conducting research in the field of labour market 3.Creation of territory s image and brand Creation of integrated information system Creation of region s identity Improvement of area s communication access Environment and cultural landscape protection Development of tourist and educational routes network Infrastructure development in accordance with the sustainable development rules 4 Strengthening of institutions and economic actors acting in the region Support for local authorities in activity for partnership and professional activation ,00 zł 2.Ecological product (funds euro Phare 30 % Kluczbork municipality) 3. Agora Network for sustainable tourism development in the Baltic Sea Region (Interreg IIIB) zł (70 % of total costs) 4. 4 small projects concerning courses for activation of rural society zł (Leader + Programme) 5. Photographic contest Rural climate in the Stobrawa River Valley for children zł 6. Silesian cake holiday 2 days 5000 zł 7.Contest concerning LAG s logo 5000 zł

171 Support for nongovernmental organisations Development of entrepreneurship Development of public-private partnership Górna Prosna (Upper Prosna River) Municipalities: Praszka, Rudniki, Radłów, Byczyna Gorzów Śląski, Olesno Praszka, Rudniki, Radłów, Byczyna Gorzów Śląski, Olesno LEGAL FORM: creation of Local Activity Group is based on act of national parliament on supporting rural area development According to this low the Local Action groups have an association status with legal status. There is a condition: for being 1 Tourism development based on natural potential and rich history Creation of recreation and tourist infrastructure Development of tourist service Promotion and protection of Upper Prosna area s qualities 2 Economy diversification and creation of non agricultural jobs Development of nonagricultural entrepreneurship Promotion of local products and services Development of farmers and entrepreneurs Association is composed of 41 people 32 represent social sector, 3 represent economic sector and 6 represent public sector Decision body- Council of the association is composed of 12 people 5 persons are social representatives 1 person represent economic sector 6 represent public sector Total budget for the period : ,00 zł - Diversification into non agricultural activity ,00 - Village renewal and rural development ,00 - Creation and development of micro entrepreneurship ,00 - Small projects Cooperation projects ,00 - Current cost of LAG ,00 - Gaining capacities and professional ,00 zł 1.Chivalrous city in Byczyna total cost ,76 co-financing ,56 by European Regional Development Fund- Interreg IIIA 2. Small projects concerning conferences and events, courses in the frame of Leader ,00 zł - Christmas songs concert - Brass bands concerts in Pustków - Religious songs overview - Voivodeship brass bands overview - Stojecka Majówka event - Local Product Absence Absence Medium

172 qualified as a Local Action Group the group must be qualified for Leader II or Leader + previously qualifications in the field of nonagricultural entrepreneurship conference - Scientific seminar Amonites from Faustianka - Harvest festival - Jazz musicians meetings - Crafts courses - Association establishment course - Gathering funds for starting and development of enterprise 3. International Lumberjack s festival in Bobrowa ,00zł 4. Experience exchange in terms of tourism between Rudniki municipality and Microregion Mostenka ,00 zł

173 Table 133 Local Action Group Dinosaur s Land (Dinosaur s Land) Name of the territory and legal form Dinosaur s Land Association of municipalities: Ozimek, Turawa, Zawadzkie, Kolonowskie, Zebowice, Dobrodzień i Chrząstowice. LEGAL FORM: creation of Local Activity Group is based on act of national parliament on supporting rural area development According to this low the Local Action groups have an association status with legal status. There is a condition: for being qualified as a Local Action Group the group must be qualified for Leader II or Leader + previously. Strategy goals 1.Active, innovative and integrated society, respecting local traditions participation of local societies in the Village Renewal Programme respect of local tradition, history and cultural heritage 2 developed recreation and tourism in the Dinosaur s Land Management of nature and history resources for tourism development Coherent conception of exploration of natural and cultural resources Development of farms providing tourism and recreation services Members and decision body Association is composed of 54 people: 31 represent social sector, 16 represent economic sector and 7 represent public sector Decision body - Council of the association is composed of 17 people: 7 represent public institutions (communes) 7 are social representatives 3 represent economic sector. Council selects projects for the realisation. Budget Total budget for the period : ,10 zł The LAG Council selects projects up to the amount of the budget. Payment is realised by Agency of Agriculture Market - Diversification into non-agricultural activity ,00 zł Village renewal and rural development ,00 zł Creation and development of micro entrepreneurship ,00 Small projects ,00 zł Cooperation projects ,00 zł Current expenses of LAG zł Gaining skills and professional activation ,00 zł Projects and financial support Park of Dinosaurs Invested in total zł Founds form Regional budget of Ozimek Community budget Kolonowskie Community budget Regional Founds of Environment Protection and water management And national budget (Contract for the Region) and European Fund of Regional Development Private investor intends to invest about zł in the next 4 years. Pedestrian trail in Krasiejów ,89 zł Interreg IIIA budget of the Region Tourism Information Centre in Ozimek ,00 Interreg IIIA Cycle of projects for unemployed women and for modernization of the job market zł (European Social Found) 9 small projects aiming at activate and develop rural society (holiday for children in the country, talent discovery, solution to violence problems in the country) expenditure in total zł financed with Community, regions, poviat and state budgets. Networkin g and cooperatio n among companies and players Interconne ctions between tourism and other fields Disposal to undertake process of tourism development Absence Absence High

174 Table 134 Local Action Groups: Nysa s Principality of Lakes and Mountains and Common Sources (Nysa Glucholazy Land) Name of the territory and legal form Nyskie Księstwo Jezior i Gor (Nyskie Duchy of Lakes and Mountains) Municipalities: Głucholazy, Nysa, Otmuchów, Strategy goals 1. Improvement of quality of life Creation of public space favouring LAG s development Development of the area s tourist-recreational attractiveness Improvement of inhabitant s knowledge and information accessibility 2. Use of local resources for entrepreneurship development and for inhabitant s activity Development of service in the field of tourist and recreation Inhabitants activation in terms of their situation improvement and area s development. 3. Protection of local Members and decision body Association is composed of 31 people 21 represent social sector, 5 represent economic sector and 5 represent public sector Decision body- Council of the association is composed of 11 people 6 are social representatives 2 people represent economic sector 3 represent public sector Budget Total budget for the period : , 50 zł - Diversification into non agricultural activity ,00 zl - Village renewal and rural development ,00 - Creation and development of micro entrepreneurship ,00 zł - Small projects ,00 - Cooperation projects ,00 zł - Current cost of LAG ,00 zł - Gaining capacities and professional activation ,00 zł Projects and financial support 1. Projects in frames of Municipal Village renewal Programme total , 00zł Projects in frames of Municipal and Poviat Village Renewal Programme Project Discover your region in Kozielno, ,00 zł - Support for the Village Foundation 4. Caught in the biggest network in the world Unikowice, (Support for the Village Foundation) ,05zł 5. Painted with cross? - (Support for the Village Foundation) Unikowice -6761,05zł 6. Promotion action of tourism resources of rural territories of Nysa municipality (brochures, information boards) total ,00 co-financing SAPARD Networki ng and cooperati on among companie s and players Absence Interconnecti ons between tourism and other fields Absence Disposal to undertake process of tourism development Low

175 nature and culture resources Protection and revitalisation of environmental and landscape qualities Renewal and maintenance of cultural heritage for next generations 7. 2 events Summer of flowers ,00 zł financed with Phare CBC and Interreg IIIA 8. Green Boarderland sport and recreation picnic ,00 (70 % co-financing of Interreg IIIA) 9. Reconstruction of pedestrian trail Głuchołazy (Poland)- Miłkowice (Czech Republic) total ,51 (70 % co-financing by Interreg IIIA) 10. Mining tourist traditions goldfield promotion 6390 euro 11. Polish-Czech culture days ,75 euro - time of summer festivals in Pradziad - NYSA Euroregion 10686,00 euro 12. Summer in Pradziad Euroregion ,00 euro Wspólne Źródła (Common Sources) Municipalities: Paczków, Biała, Prudnik, Korfantów 1. Improvement of quality of life Management of public rural areas Creation of conditions for improvement of local communities integration Improvement of environments quality through usage of alternative and renewable sources of energy Association is composed of 79 people 69 represent social sector, 7 represent economic sector and 3 represent public sector Decision body- Council of the association is Total budget for the period : ,00 -Diversification into non agricultural activity ,00 zł - Village renewal and rural development ,00 - Creation and development of micro entrepreneurship Exhibitions of local artisan of the Polish Czech borderland zł (70 % financed with Interreg IIIA funds) 2. Youth Festival Europe of Culture ,00 zł (financed in frame of Town Twinning Programme) 3. Folklore Festival ( 70 % financed with Interreg IIIA) 4. 2 conferences on European measures zł (50 % financed by Polish foundations) - Let s talk about European Union Absence Absence Low

176 Development of composed of 9 Internet accessibility and people popularizing of remote 7 are social education representatives 2. Support and 2 people promotion of represent local products economic sector Protecting area s traditional customs and promotion of the local artistic creative activity and craft Promotion of culinary products typical for the region Creation and promotion of areas tourist product 3. Local development based on local resources Increasing the number o accommodations, gastronomic objects, servic and commerce Maintenance of material cultural heritage resources Improvement and development of area inhabitant s qualities ,00 zł - Small projects ,00 zł - Cooperation projects ,00 zł - Current cost of LAG ,00 zł - Gaining capacities and professional activation ,00 zł - Be active locally 5. European Day in frames of Biała Days ,77zł co-financed ,29zł 6. Europe without borders meeting of Friedland cities 3 978,00zł 7. Antiques from baroque on the Biała marketplace Nepomucen statue renovation zł (co-financed 7 900zł) 8. Village also teaches. Development of knowledge and skills of Chrzelice society zł (co-financed Village Renewal Foundation) 9. Conference Common Future ,41zł (co-financed ,99) 10. Europpean Day in frames of the Biała Days ,00 zł (co-financed ,29zł) 11. Paczków Film Festival, meetings with Czech cinema 3 790,00 euro

177 Table 135 Local Action Group Euro Country (Euro Country) Name of the territory and legal form Euro Country municipalities of Bierawa, Cisek, Głogówek, Reńska Wieś, Lubrza, Polska Cerekiew, Pawłowiczki, Reńska Wieś LEGAL FORM: creation of Local Activity Group is based on act of national parliament on supporting rural area development According to this low the Local Action groups have an association status with legal status. There is a condition: for being qualified as a Local Action Group the group must be qualified for Leader II or Leader + previously. Strategy goals 1.New created offer based on nature and culture heritage Development of tourism infrastructure Creation and promotion of the complex tourism product Use of multicultural character of the territory as a flagship of the territory 2. Life level and social activity raise. New public use buildings Creation of the offer for integration, activation and social development Professional activation of inhabitants. EURO COUNTRY- Local Action Group Euro Country Members and decision body Association is composed of 45 people: 25 represent social sector, 8 represent economic sector and 12 represent public sector Decision body - Council of the association is composed of 19 people: 7 represent public institutions (communes) 9 people are social representatives 3 represent economic sector Council select projects for realisation. Budget Total budget for the period : ,00 zł -Diversification into non agricultural activity ,00 - Village renewal and rural development ,00 zł - Creation and development of micro entrepreneurship ,00 zł - Small projects ,00 zł - Cooperation projects ,00 zł - Current cost of LAG ,00 zł - Gaining capacities and professional activation ,00 zł Projects and financial support Euro Country projectraise the chances for rural area development zł in the frame of Leader + By learning languages you get to know people (language courses) , 50 zł the frame of Leader + Future in our handscourses for raising chances on the job market zł European Social Found 5 projects aiming at creation of the proper condition for the development of rural society zł (Communities and some private sponsors) Networking and cooperation among companies and players Interconn ections between tourism and other fields Disposal to undertake process of tourism development Absence Absence Low Source: marshal s office of Opolskie region

178 2.5. PP6 - REGIONAL AUTHORITY OF USTI REGION Type of territory The territory affected by mining activities and scheduled for revitalization. Long-term intensive mainly opencast mining of mineral resources represents substantial territorial and landscape phenomenon transforming fully nature and land use of the vast parts of the region. The total area of the territories affected in the districts Chomutov, Teplice and Most exceeds 50 % of district areas and in the district Ústí nad Labem 20 %. Size of opencast face working areas in the districts mentioned varies between 6 and 7 %. Territory Name Type of territories Characteristics Plurality of stakeholders who hold various local resources Defined border (single unit analysis) Table 136 Characteristics of target territories (Usti Region) Presence/Absence The territory affected by mining activities and scheduled for revitalization Area Type 1 Territories not yet developed under the tourism point of view but with an interesting unexpressed potential Resources in possession of various stakeholders Low The area of the North Bohemian lignite field concerned spreading on parts of area of 4 Districts (Chomutov 50 %, Most 50 %, Teplice 50 %, Ústí nad Labem 20 %). The area is rimmed by Ore Mountain in the north spreading also on the German territory; it adjoins to the region Karlovy Vary in the west. To the south of the area there are districts Louny and Litoměřice and Prague follows. The eastern part adjoins to the district Děčín and the tip of Šluknov. Area type 1 Mandatory Presence of small dimension real estates which could be converted into accommodation Presence Medium Source: Czech Statistical Office, personal research 14 Chapter by PP6 Workgroup. 178

179 Figure 40 Defined borders of the territory (Usti Region) Source: geography department of PřF UJEP in Ústí nad Labem Socio-economic profile of target territories Basic documents for Socio-economic profile are data acquired from the development documents of the region, the statistical yearbooks, questionnaires and personal research. Table 137 Geographical characteristics (Usti Region) Characteristics Item Average elevation above 330 sea level Surface (km2) (19 %) Number of municipality 32 municipalities registered in the project (9 %) Characteristics Accessibility Item Easy / Medium The territory has one of the most prominent (in) positions lying on the main development axis basin leading in tangent direction inside the Czech Republic with high concentration of residents and industry. The accessibility has to be understood in two levels. The first one monitors density and quality of the traffic infrastructure and the other the basic traffic service of the territory. Traffic infrastructure Traffic connection of the territory monitored is above all provided by relatively dense road network of the roads I-III. rate as well as railway lines. Density and quality of the traffic infrastructure is of very cardinal meaning for traffic service of the territory. The transport corridors and traffic areas of the international as well as republic importance infringe into the territory. They are the corridor of the high-speed 179

180 Connection with neighbouring areas Wood, farm, urban surface Demography (Inhabitants) line VR1 (Dresden-Prague-Brno-Vienna/Bratislava)). The main road routes of the ČR are e.g. the road corridors R7 (Prague Chomutov), S8 (Chomutov- Hora sv. Šebestiána), and S12 (Karlovy Vary-Chomutov). The significant railway line of the territory is the line No 130 in direction Chomutov-Most-Teplice-Ústí nad Labem Traffic service The basic traffic service in the territory monitored has been provided by bus and passenger railway transportation The area is rimmed by Ore Mountain in the north spreading also in the German territory (the corridor S8 Chomutov-Hora sv. Šebestiána), it adjoins to the region Karlovy Vary in the west (the road corridor S12 Karlovy Vary- Chomutov). To the south of the area there are districts Louny and Litoměřice and Prague follows (the road corridor R7 Prague Chomutov). The eastern part adjoins to the district Děčín and the tip of Šluknov - the connection is here provided by roads of II and III. Rate or by railway lines. Structure of land resources The farming land has a share of 53% in the total area of the region Ústí nad Labem. If taking in mind that the farming land covers only 41% of the area concerned, it is apparent that it is more an industrial territory. Forests cover about ha (16%), farming and arable land ha (41%) and other areas are ha. Population Criteria EU population density 100 inhabitants/km 2 and density of domiciles and their size up to inhabitants The territory can be defined as an urban area though from the point of view if the individual municipalities contain also rural attributes. The region Ústí nad Labem has 354 municipalities, 284 of them are of rural character where the population density differs considerably according to their type. The density of population in the territory concerned is above the average standard in the context of ČR (154 inhabitants/km 2 ). The focus of occupancy is situated in the Ore Mountain Sub Area basin where the population density fluctuates between 250 and 300 inhabitants/km 2. Although this area is characterized by prevailing number of small municipalities (up to 499 inhabitants) it can be, thanks to its total character and other indexes regarded as occupancy of urban type. Table 138 Socio-economic profile (Usti Region) Number of inhabitants ÚK / 4 districts / 32 municipalities (100%) / (59%)/ (18%) Population growth rate in the last ten years The population growth rate in the region Ústí nad Labem as well as in the chosen area is stable; the difference between individual years has not exceeded 2%. Migratory balances (transfer of residence) and natural balances (rates of mortality and fertility) Low rise of the number of inhabitants can be noticed in the region Ústí nad Labem. The number of inhabitants in the year 1997 did not exceed 830 thousands and in the year 2007 there were already inhabitants registered. The simile trend can be also seen in the territory of the districts concerned. But transfer of residents from towns into countryside can be monitored at the municipalities, where the number of residents in towns has been sinking but on the contrary it is rising at small municipalities. The growth of population is mainly caused by migration and achieved in the year

181 1, 2% and in the year , 4%. In the territory concerned was the natural growth increment in negative, it made 1, 1% in 1997, but it was already 1, 2%. in Slight increase of this index can be monitored; municipalities are not however prepared for the increase of this index. Both public utilities and technical infrastructure have been missing so far. Age structure The average age in the region Ústí nad Labem is 39, 4 years. The average age in the districts concerned is by 0, 4% lower than in the region. The biggest number of residents make the working age population (15-64 years), 71,8% living in the territory, the second group are children of the age (0-14 let) 15,6% residents living in the territory and the third group make the senior citizens at the age of 65 years and more, 12,6% living in the territory. Data time series show that the drop-off the children and working age population but the considerable growth of the number of senior citizen occurred within last 10 years. Ageing of the population is the all-european trend that has to be accepted as a fact. Density (Inhabitants/km 2 ) Structure of the economy (Active population/emplo yment for sectors of economic activity) farming trade industry handicraft tourism Unemployment Local enterprise Old age index = ratio between the population over 65 years and the population between 0 and 14 years, multiplied by 100 UK 83% / 4 districts 80%/ 32 municipalities and North Bohemian lignite coal mines are not monitored Social load index = ratio between the population in not working age (0-14 and > 65 years) and the working age population, multiplied by 100 The region ÚK 39,5% / 4 districts 38,8% / 32 municipalities and North Bohemian lignite coal mines are not monitored Rate of outliers Only the area exceeding 480m 2, which was affected by the mining activities, can be understood as no settled places. There are no other considerably remote places in the territory. UK / 4 districts / 32 municipalities 156 / 239 / 12 Real number of municipalities and percent of the whole region (UK) 2,1% / 1,6% 8,2% / 7.1% 16,3% / 19,4% Cannot be specified it is not statistically recorded 1,9% / 2,3% The rate of unemployment in the territory concerned exceeds 16%. By estimation there are more than economically active residents unemployed. Average size (Small / Medium / Large) UK / 4 districts micro / small / medium 750 / 450 large 147 /

182 Presence of renewable energy systems Sustainable Mobility Systems Number of enterprises and sector of activity UK / 4 districts farming / trade / industry / handicraft - cannot be specified, see above tourism - cannot be specified, see above Presence of traditional activities like agriculture and fishing Yes, but in limited extent Seasonality of activities music festivals, fairs, traditional historical markets and country festivals prevail in summer; in winter running tracks and skiing presence - wind power plants, hydro-power plants Presence The territory has one of the most prominent (in) position lying on the main development axis basin leading in tangent direction inside the Czech Republic with high concentration of road network. Thus the reliable accessibility is guaranteed. Source: Czech Statistical Office, questionnaire survey, personal calculations Table 139 Tourism sector, demand and supply (Usti Region) Characteristics Data Item Arrivals and overnights (succession of last 10 years, with monthly data, by type of accommodation) guests come in average to the region concerned, staying in average for 3, 4 days. The number of overnights is Decrease of attendance and overnights has been noticed since But no significant swing has been monitored in the last years. The differences in the individual years oscillate about 10%. In visitors went to see the region with the number of overnights The average number of overnights does not reach the republic s level. Average duration of stay (in hotel and non-hotel accommodations) The average duration of stay in 2008 was 3, 4 days, i.e. 0, 8 less than the republic s level stated. Number of hotel and non-hotel accommodations (with reference to growth or decline in the recent past) About 38% guests put up at hotels and boarding houses, the outstanding percent puts up at other housing facilities (camps, lodging houses). Number of beds (with reference to growth or decline in the recent past) Number of beds - the number of beds in the region Ústí nad Labem has dropped by about since The decrease in the region was by 7% beds were registered in the region in Average size of hotel and non-hotel accommodations Average size of housing facilities in hotels are 28 rooms in outstanding facilities 98 beds. Rate of use of facilities = ratio between overnights and the maximum theoretical capability (obtained by multiplying the beds for 365 days) Rate of use of facilities is 0,18% 182

183 Target, products and market Current targets (characteristics of visitors: family, groups, etc). Provide qualitative information if there are no research data. Motivation - purpose of visit affecting considerably the choice of target group. Motivation differs in seasons ( winter x summer), Attendance to ČR in summer.52%/ to the region 48,3% Attendance to ČR in winter...15,5% / to the region 24% Generally the most extended visitor s activities carried on during their holidays regardless of seasons are relaxation, recovery and recreation and learning the life style, people and culture of the country or region visited. In summer they further prefer bathing and water sports, in winter skiing and other winter sports. There are 5 main types motivating factors together. They are: Average traveller Monuments and history Recreational sportsman Easy city visitor Entertainment and night life We can differentiate 3 main groups and 4 subgroups of visitors in ČR preferring regions according their eye-appeal. 1.Young people aged years 2.Parents aged years with children 2.1. Families with pre-school aged children 2.2. Families with school aged children 3.Members of childless families and seniors aged 40 to 60 years 3.1. Empty nest (childless families). 3.2.seniors Reference market (international, domestic). Provide qualitative information if there are no research data. During the winter period people visiting ČR prefer to see cities, then relaxation, recreation and sporting activities follow, further night life, and visits of cultural events and monuments. In summer they are relaxation and recovery, bathing and water sports first, and then they visit cities, monuments, and galleries, museums, learning people, their life style, culture and cultural events. Current product and description of good practice. None. Source: Czech Statistical Office, Czechturismus, personal calculations 183

184 Tourism Resources Audit Stage 1: involves a listing of all resources which have some connection with tourism; Natural Resources (name and location) Český Jiřetín Cracked rock(839,9 m) serving as a natural lightning conductor Březno nature reserve Střezovská rokle Kadaň National nature reserve Chabařovice Lake Milada holiday area Cultural Resources (name and location) Český Jiřetín wooden church sv. Jana Křtitele Březno Church sv. Petra a Pavla Accessibility Good One s own transport Good One s own transport Good One s own transport Good One s own transport Accessibility Good One s own transport Good One s own Table 140 Tourism Resource Database (Usti Region) Current volume of activity and level of use Ownership and management public public Visitor types Families with school aged children Families with pre-school aged children Families with school aged children Families with pre-school aged children Families with school aged children Families with pre-school aged children Families with school aged children Families with pre-school aged children Current volume of activity and level of use Visitor types Families with school aged children; Empty nest Seniors Families with school aged children; Empty nest ; Seniors

185 Church Nejsvětější trojice transport Good Families with school aged children; Duchcov One s own public Empty nest state-owned chateau transport Seniors Good Families with school aged children; Duchcov One s own public Empty nest historical town reserve transport Seniors Hrob Catholic church sv. Barbory Good One s own public Empty nest ; Seniors Protestant church Vzkříšení transport Kadaň historical town reserve, castle Good One s own transport public Families with school aged children; Empty nest Seniors Good Kadaň Empty nest One s own public 3 monasteries + 3 churches Seniors transport Good Kostomlaty Empty nest One s own public church Seniors transport Good Families with school aged children; Kostomlaty One s own public Empty nest Chateau with chapel transport Seniors Good Modlany One s own Church sv. Apolináře transport public Empty nest ; Seniors Osek national monument castle ruins Rýzmburk Good One s own transport public Families with school aged children; Empty nest Seniors Osek Monastery sv. Kateřiny National monument Good One s own transport public Empty nest ; Seniors Good Strupčice One s own Church sv. Václava transport public Empty nest ; Seniors Světec Good public Families with school aged children;

186 Chateau Světec Church sv. Jakuba Trmice Chateau Events (name and location) Duchcov Casanova s festival Hrob Hrobská Prda Open Chabařovice Chabařovice fair Kadaň Shrovetide Kadaň Maxipes Fík s Birthday Kadaň Rock fest Kadaň Imperial Day One s own transport Good One s own transport Good One s own transport Timing/year Empty nest Seniors public Empty nest ; Seniors public Organisation and management Number of participants (local vs. visitors) 15 Municipality/Town Municipality/Town Municipality/Town Municipality/Town Municipality/Town Families with school aged children; Empty nest Seniors Visitor types Families with school aged children; Families with pre-school aged children; Young people aged years Young people aged years; Empty nest ; Seniors Families with school aged children; Families with pre-school aged children; Young people aged years Families with school aged children; Families with pre-school aged children; Young people aged years Families with school aged children; Families with pre-school aged children cultural event sporting event social event social event social event 5 Municipality/Town Young people aged years musical event 17 Municipality/Town Families with school aged children; Families with pre-school aged children; Young people aged 15 social event

187 Kadaň Svatováclavské vinobraní (grape harvest) Osek Country festivals and fair Trmice Trmická pouť (fair) Activities and services (name and location) Podkrušnohorské technické muzeum Český Jiřetín 3 downhill courses with 4 ski lifts and skiing school Český Jiřetín cycle and foot paths cross-country ski tracks of various difficulties routes for in line skating and roller skies Český Jiřetín Dam Fáje, pillar water basin, the only one of this kind in the ČR Český Jiřetín Flájský plavební kanál (navigation canal) , 10 Municipality/Town Municipality/Town Municipality/Town 700 Accessibility Good One s own transport Good One s own transport Good One s own transport Good One s own transport Good One s own transport Ownership and management public / public service organization Current volume of activity and level of use interactive exhibition public winter season / 90 % public summer season / 80 % public 0 / 0 public 0 / not monitored 25 years Young people aged years; Empty nest ; Seniors Families with school aged children; Families with pre-school aged children; Young people aged years Families with school aged children; Families with pre-school aged children Young people aged years Visitor types Families with school aged children; Young people aged years; Empty nest Seniors Families with school aged children; Young people aged years Families with school aged children; Young people aged years; Empty nest Seniors Empty nest Seniors Empty nest Seniors social event social event social event

188 technical monument Březno Nechranická přehrada - the longest earth fill dam in Europe Březno cycle path Nechranická přehrada Celná Chabařovice speedway Chabařovice city museum Chabařovice Private museum of coffee mills Chabařovice nature trail Světec Gallery of Vojtěch Pressing Braňany foot path leading to the lookout tower Kaňkov overlooking Czech Central Mountains Selský dvůr Agriculture tourism Good One s own transport Good One s own transport Good One s own transport Good One s own transport Good One s own transport Good One s own transport Good One s own transport Good One s own transport public Summer season / 70 % public Summer season / 80 % public Summer season / 50 % public private public public Private open all the year round / 30 % open all the year round / not monitored open all the year round / not monitored open all the year round / not monitored open all the year round / not monitored open all the year round / not monitored Families with pre-school and school aged children; Young people aged years; Empty nest ; Seniors Families with pre-school and school aged children; Young people aged years; Empty nest ; Seniors Families with school aged children Young people aged years Empty nest Seniors Empty nest Seniors Families with pre-school and school aged children Empty nest Seniors Empty nest Seniors Families with pre-school and school aged children Young people aged years; Empty nest

189 Duchcov The town of Casanova Strupčice sports facility offering a swimming pool, 3 tennis courts, volleyball, beach volleyball and football tennis courts, minigolf, petangue, pitch, multipurpose field for basketball, ball hockey and in line skating Trmice Exhibition of model railway mining industry museum Good One s own transport Good One s own transport public Summer season / not monitored public Summer season / 70 % public open all the year round / 50 % Seniors Families with school aged children; Young people aged years; Empty nest Seniors Families with school aged children Young people aged years Families with school aged children Empty nest Seniors Catering services Type and rating Seating capacity Level of use Guest types Private owned facilities only, cannot be described Source: questionnaire survey among municipalities, municipalities WEB sites, Czech Statistical Office

190 Stage 2: is about a critical evaluation of those resources in terms of their quality, uniqueness and tourist appeal; Strengths Municipalities located close to Federal Republic of Germany Presence of national and nature reserve Valuable landscape potential (Czech Central Mountains, Ore Mountain) Presence of historical town reserves Traditional social events (fairs, festivals) popular among visitors Joint problems of mining activities presence of marks after mining activities Great many cycle and foot paths Great many churches Quality traffic infrastructure connecting individual municipalities Interesting offer of attractive surroundings for Tourism in summer season Opportunities Creation of joint new products of Tourism aimed at concrete target market segment Joint public relations actions and other activities Use of common problems connected with mining activities and taking advantage of this potential for Tourism Use of external financial resources Support of border and international cooperation Activation of business entities as main providers of services in Tourism Source: Regional Authority of Usti Region Table 141 SWOT analysis of key tourism resources (Usti Region) Weaknesses Minimum activity of the entire region from the view of the Tourism Persistent low image of the area/region Absence of optional services Insufficient optional activities for leisure time esp. In winter period Insufficient traffic service of the area The cooperation among municipalities is not developed Absence of management for Tourism and joint promotional materials Lack of joint products of Tourism Low quality of historical buildings Insufficient offer of eating facilities Low business activity Insufficient offer of sporting, musical and culture events Threats Centralisation of activities into hands of one agency and herewith monopolization of services Not taking needs of concrete target segments into account or incorrect choice of that subject Lack of funds for realization of objectives No interest for cooperation on the part of business entities.

191 Analysis of governance system Characteristics Presence and structure of existent Destination Management Organisations Analysis of the decision-making process Financial support to the development of the area Legislation and standards in force at the tourist destination Networking and cooperation among companies and players (clubs, tourist cards ) Interconnection between tourism and other fields, like agriculture, industry, etc. Policy of destination branding Disposal of local community to undertake a process of tourism development Table 142 Analysis of governance system (Usti Region) Does not exist Item Public subjects will be mainly engaged The territory has been above all supported with allocation of the region Ústí nad Labem for promotion of culture and social events The investment expenditures are allocated only exceptionally through external donators. They are above all Severočeské doly a.s. financing development of civil and technical infrastructure. Municipalities have great chance to obtain 100 % million subsidies from the national resources for revitalization of the affected territory. There are tens of projects planned, above all building of engineering communications and service pipelines for new building development, cycle paths, parks and other activities. We estimate that million crowns will be invested into revitalization of the territory in Presence of national and local strategies of tourism development Presence of current local policy versus tourism development Presence of local laws in favour of private business activities Quality standard (certification, etc) cannot be specified Absence - they will be started within the framework of Pilot Project preparation. Absence - it will be settled within the framework of Pilot Project implementation Presence of a brand of the territory Presence the characteristic brand create mines, the territory affected by mining activities and history of mining industry. The strategy will be solved within the framework of Pilot Project Medium Source: Regional Authority of Usti Region 191

192 2.6. PP7 - LOCAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY OF LANGHE MONFERRATO ROERO Type of territory Table 143 Characteristics of target territories (Cissaca Consortium) Characteristics Area of CISSACA Consortium Presence/Absence Territory Name Type of territories Early stage of Area Type 2 Plurality of stakeholders who hold local resources Defined border (single unit analysis) Presence of small dimension real estates which could be converted into accommodation High The Province of Alessandria forms the south eastern part of the region of Piedmont. The provincial capital is the city of Alessandria. To the north it borders on the Province of Vercelli and to the west on the provinces of Turin and Asti. It shares its southern border with Liguria (provinces of Savona and Genoa). Its south-west corner touches the Province of Piacenza in Emilia Romagna, while to the east it borders on the Lombard Province of Pavia. It is of particular interest the area called Alto Monferrato, between the Bormida di Spigno valley and Scrivia Valley. Medium Source: Local Development Agency of Langhe Monferrato Roero 15 Chapter by PP7 Workgroup. 192

193 Socio-economic profile of target territories Table 144 Geographical characteristics (Cissaca Consortium) Characteristics Average altitude (m.a.s.l.) 129 m Item Surface (km2) Number of Municipalities km2 (1,7% of Piedmont Region) 22 (1,82% of Piedmont Region) Very easy with all means of transport (car, train, airplane), from all directions and both from Italy, both from other Countries. Accessibility and Connection With Neighbouring Areas Wood, farm, urban surface As you can see in the map above, the Area is very closed to the main important Cities of the North-West Italy: Alessandria Turin 88km Alessandria - Milan 85km Alessandria Genoa 72km The area under consideration is largely rural and secondarily woodland. Being a territory consisting of several small very small municipalities the urban surface plays a minor role. Source: Local Development Agency of Langhe Monferrato Roero 193

194 Table 145 Socio-economic profile (Cissaca Consortium) Characteristics Demography Item Total: inh. (0,68% of Piedmont Region) Population growth in last 10 years: + 0,05% Migratory balance (Italy): Migratory balance (abroad): Mortality rate: 1,26 Fertility rate: 0,86 Age structure: AGE active pop Adults 65 RATE 5,59% 6,03% 14,12% 13,70% 63,77% 61,27% 24,61% Density Structure of the economy Unemployment Local enterprise Presence of renewable energy systems Sustainable Mobility System Old age index: +211,89 Social load index: 4,49% 70,59 inh/km2 In the referential area the structure of the economy is the following: Farming: 3,6% Trade: 16,76% Industry: 34,1% Handicraft: 11,97% Tourism: 2,62% 4,6% (in the whole Province) Average Size: medium-small N of total enterprises in the whole province % of farming 30% % of trade 22,8% % of industry 25,4% The area in recent years hasn't neglected the importance of the renewable energy system. The municipality takes part in the project PRACTISE, co-funded by EC, that is a transnational project supporting the implementation of sustainable energy practices in local communities, in conformity with EU goals. The project foresees the realisation of activities aimed to promote energy efficiency and alternative energy, promoting energy citizenship and mobilising local energy actors and creating a widespread culture of energetic sustainability sharing and supporting and mobilization of energy local actors. Furthermore, among all the plants producing renewable energies, including biogas, is noteworthy to mention the Photovoltaic Village of Alessandria and photovoltaic solar parks scattered in its province. Alessandria pays a lot of attention to an efficient and capillary public and sustainable mobility system. Source: Local Development Agency of Langhe Monferrato Roero 194

195 Table 146 Tourism sector, supplì and demand (Cissaca Consortium) Data Characteristics Item As far as the whole province of Alessandria is concerned, in 2008 there were overnights (69,15% from Italy), 7, 97% more than 2007 and arrivals (68% Italian visitors), 9,11% more than The average duration of stay is 1,81. Data concerning the referential area: Number of hotels: 6 Number of beds: 136 Average size of accommodations: medium-small Rate of use of facilities: low Tourism in the province of Alessandria has now made a final choice in favour of quality, both concerning structures (hotels, restaurants, farmhouses, bed and breakfast), and the demand of customers and consumers. The area taken into account is an area characterized by a lack of common Target, products and identity (the only identity is the Consortium itself) with a lot of wonderful market tourist peculiarities (such as castles, the Cittadella of Alessandria and so on) which are not adequately exploited. The current target of visitors in the area are families or tourists that are looking for quiet, relax, nature and good wine and food. They are mainly Italian or German tourists. Source: Local Development Agency of Langhe Monferrato Roero 195

196 Tourism Resources Audit Natural Resources (name and location) Park of the river Po Table 147 Tourism Resources Database (Cissaca Consortium) Accessibility Current Volume of activity and level of use Visitor Types very easy accessibility visitors Local or tourists taking a ride Special Nature Reserve of Orba creek (Predosa- Casalcermelli) Good road connection that allows easy access About visitors mainly concentrated in summertime School children, families, nature lovers in general both Italian and foreign Strade dei campionissimi Tourist bycicle path in the nature (Carentino) Cultural Resources (name and location) Torrione della Gattara and clock tower Two ancient towers in Castellazzo Bormida Private Castle which host the museum of cinema (Bergamasco) Torre Ratti Castle (Borghetto Borbera) Very easy accessibility even if dipped into nature Accessibility Very easy access due to its nearness with a highway and the province capital Alessandria This Municipality is well linked to the others Though it is more isolated than other n/a data Ownership and management Public Private (Carlo Leva, designer) Private Bike and nature lovers and families especially local tourists Current Volume of activity and level of use Average attendance of about 400 visitors per castle per year, with higher attendances registered by structures as the Bergamasco castle which host the museum of cinema. Visitor types Tourist groups, school children, art lovers in general from Italy and abroad Tourist groups, school children, art lovers in general from Italy and abroad Tourist groups, school children, art lovers in general from Italy and abroad

197 Castle Scazzoso- Foresto (Castelletto Monferrato) Redabue Castle (Masio) Calcaterra Castle now a tourist structure (Oviglio) Pavone Castle (Pietra Marazzi) Piovera Castle (Piovera) Lajone Castle and Rocca Civalieri (Quattordio) Faa di Bruno Castle (Solero) municipalities, Borghetto Borbera is accessible, being close to the highway which connects Alexandria with Genoa Well connected not only because it s near to the Province Capital, but also because it is close to the highway linking Alessandria to the Swiss Quite well connected and halfway through Asti and Alessandria Extremely accessibility due to its nearness with two important highways Well connected and extremely close to the highways linking Turin to the Lombardy Well connected and close to the highways linking Turin to the Lombardy Well connected and very close to the highways linking Turin to the Lombardy. It is also halfway through Asti and Alessandria Well connected and extremely close to the Private (Counts Avogadro di Vigliano) Private Private Private Public (Municipality) Both private (both are tourist structures) Public (Municipality) Average attendance of about 400 visitors per castle per year, with higher attendances registered by structures as the Bergamasco castle which host the museum of cinema. Tourist groups, school children, art lovers in general from Italy and abroad Tourist groups, school children, art lovers in general from Italy and abroad Tourist groups, school children, art lovers in general from Italy and abroad Tourist groups, school children, art lovers in general from Italy and abroad Tourist groups, school children, art lovers in general from Italy and abroad Tourist groups, school children, art lovers in general from Italy and abroad Tourist groups, school children, art lovers in general from Italy and abroad

198 highways linking Turin to the Lombardy. It is also very close to the Province Capital. Events Timing (name and location) Castelli Aperti Open Castles Palio dell'oca Folkloristic festival (Castellazzo Bormida) Businà di Carnevale A historical festival to celebrate Carnival in Castelletto Monferrato Activities and services (name and location) Transports Sport structures (riding schools, rings, bicycle paths, motor paths, ) May-October 3 rd Sunday of September Ownership and management Current Volume of activity and level of use About per year Carnival time public n/a Accessibility Visitor types Tourist groups, school children, families and art lovers in general from Italy and abroad public n/a Mainly local tourists Ownership and management Current Volume of activity and level of use Very easy accessibility Private and Public Extremely high level of use even if with relevant discomforts related to delays of the public transport and scarcity in private transport frequency Mainly local tourists Visitor types No specific visitor type Easy accessibility Public High level of use Mainly local young people, but also tourist looking for fun in the nature. In general the whole area is well connected to Lombardy and Liguria, and to the Swiss thanks to a capillary network of road and highways as well as railway transport. Moreover in the area there are a lot of attractions and

199 I.A.T. Tourist information and reception office Alexala agency for the development of tourism in the Province of Alessandria Extremely easy accessibility via web, easy accessibility in loco (there is a I.A.T in every main municipality of the Province). Extremely easy accessibility via web (it is translated in English and German) and in loco. Services and information for tourists Public Moderate level of use Tourists in general Public Fairly Good level of use Tourists in general Catering services Type and rating Seating Capacity Level of Use Guest Type In the area taken into account, there is a considerable number of food services for the most part of traditional cuisine. Each municipality has at least one restaurant without exclusion. Restaurants of typical regional cuisine with medium prices (except some local excellences that has higher prices than average). The average price is For the most part these are small-medium restaurants (more or less 50 places) High and very high level of use of these typical restaurants It depends from restaurant to restaurant, but generally there is no a specific guest type Source: Local Development Agency of Langhe Monferrato Roero structures for tourists, especially with regard to food services, even if the area itself is underestimate and less known. In all these sites tourists can find a lot of useful information concerning the accommodation, the place to visit, the territory and all the events. They could also find important information concerning how to reach the area and transports to move along the territory.

200 2.7. PP8 - DISTRICT OFFICE FORCHHEIM Type of territory Table 148 Characteristics of target territories (part of Forchheim District) Characteristics Territory Name Type of territories Plurality of stakeholders who hold local resources Defined border (single unit analysis) Presence of small dimension real estates which could be converted into accommodation Presence/Absence Part of Landkreis Forchheim Area Type 1 and Area Type 2 (Not yet developed + already started tourism activities) High presence Border of local authorities: 7 of 29 local authorities /communities ( Upland ) - clusters Gemeinde Hetzles Markt Igensdorf Gemeinde Kirchehrenbach Gemeinde Kleinsendelbach Gemeinde Kunreuth Gemeinde Leutenbach Markt Neunkirchen am Brand Presence Medium Source: District Office Forchheim Mandatory Mandatory Preferential Preferential 16 Chapter by PP8 Workgroup. 200

201 Socio-economic profile of target territories Table 149 Geographical characteristics (part of Forchheim District) Characteristics Item Average altitude 318 (m.a.s.l.) Surface (km2) 111,95km 2 / 17.4% of entire region Landkreis Forchheim Number of municipality 7 Easy Access by car via federal roads B2 Nuremberg Bayreuth and B470 Bad Windsheim - Weiden, several country roads Public transport: ICE high-speed train Berlin Munich with stops in Bamberg, Erlangen and Nuremberg (about 15-30km) regional bus system with connections to/from Forchheim and Erlangen; no bus connection to Forchheim on Sundays! Accessibility regional train R 22 Forchheim-Ebermannstadt ( Wiesenttalbahn ) with stop in Kirchehrenbach and R 21 Nürnberg Nordost Gräfenberg ( Gräfenbergbahn ) with stop in Igensdorf individual non motorised transport: close system of extensively used agricultural paths, hiking trail system (circular routes) and biking network with regional and supra-regional routes Nuremberg International Airport (ca. 25km), Airfield Hetzles (gliding, motor gliding, ballooning, parachuting) very good infrastructure (s. above), well-connected to further parts of the Franconian Switzerland and other tourism areas like Steigerwald, Aischgrund etc.; well-connected to the urban areas of Nuremberg, Bamberg (World Heritage Site), Erlangen, the sources of Connection with day trippers and business travellers strong exchange with the urban areas of N, BA, ER (commuters, neighbouring areas tourists) 15-30km cooperation with the public transport association VGN -> travel tips, weekend hiking and biking routes ( C0B4-11D7-AE FE0C ) Part of the Nuremberg Metropolitan Region Wood, farm, urban surface open, sunny and hilly landscape, agriculturally and forestry used important fruitgrowing and fruit processing area, esp. cherries, plums, apples percentages see attachment Source: District Office Forchheim 201

202 Table 150 Socio-economic profile (part of Forchheim District) Characteristics Item Right number and percent of entire region: / 18.6% of entire region (Landkreis Forchheim) Population growth rate in the last ten years: 23.3 (+8.9 up to +56.2) due to closeness to cities of Erlangen and Nuremberg Migratory balances (transfer of residence) and natural balances (rates of mortality and fertility) see attachment Age structure Demografy (Inhabitants) see attachment Old age index = ratio between the population over 65 years and the population between 0 and 14 years, multiplied by 100: 98.2 (79.1 up to 188.8) > details see attachment Social load index = ratio between the population in not working age (0-14 and > 65 years) and the working age population, multiplied by 100: 47.5 Y details see attachment Rate of outliers / commuters see attachment Density (Inhabitants/km2) 185 (91 up to 303) Structure of the economy see attachment (Active population/employment for sectors of economic activity) farming Right number and percent of entire region trade Right number and percent of entire region industry Right number and percent of entire region handicraft Right number and percent of entire region tourism Right number and percent of entire region Number of unemployed residents -> see attachment Unemployment Unemployment rate administrative district Forchheim: 4.4% (August 2009) Average size (Small / Medium / Large) Number of enterprises and sector of activity (farming, trade, industry, handicraft, tourism) Local enterprise see attachment Presence of traditional activities like agriculture and fishing Seasonality of activities Presence of renewable energy systems Sustainable Mobility Systems Absence / presence (description) Intensive use of solar energy (agricultural buildings, apartments) Many biogas plants Very few (1) wind energy plants (conflict with landscape asthetics!) Presence (description) Regional bus system (partly with natural gas) incl. shared taxi, coordinated by the administrative district Forchheim; lines 223 and 224 are part of the pilot territory (see Bus station Neunkirchen am Brand with excellent connections to Erlangen and Forchheim Online car-pool platform under construction for the whole Nuremberg Metropolitan Area Regional trains by Deutsche Bahn AG Source: District Office Forchheim 202

203 Characteristics Data Target, products and market Table 151 Tourism sector, demand and supply (part of Forchheim District) Item Arrivals and overnights (succession of last 10 years, with monthly data, by type of accommodation) Average duration of stay (in hotel and non-hotel accommodations) only available for administrative district Forchheim! Number of hotel and non-hotel accommodations (with reference to growth or decline in the recent past) Number of beds (with reference to growth or decline in the recent past) -> see attachment Average size of hotel and non-hotel accommodations Rate of use of facilities = ratio between overnights and the maximum theoretical capability (obtained by multiplying the beds for 365 days) see attachment Current targets (characteristics of visitors: family, groups, etc). Provide qualitative information if there are no research data. So far, there is no real strategy for the attraction of specific target groups In most cases, people from the Metropolitan Region Nuremberg (i.e. especially the bigger cities Nuremberg, Erlangen, Fürth) are attracted for weekend-travels during the whole year National and international guests are attracted by the advertisement of the Tourism Office Franconian Switzerland which includes the providers and tourism networks in the pilot territory Single hotels and providers of holiday flats attract business travellers of the Nuremberg fair Reference market (international, domestic). Provide qualitative information if there are no research data. As far as we know, no benchmarking strategies are available for the envisaged pilot territory, as well as for the whole Franconian Switzerland. Slight approaches were made in the context of the development of the mission statement of the Franconian Switzerland in The discussion and development of a strategy for the pilot territory might be an important point to discuss and develop within the LISTEN project. Current product and description of good practice. In the pilot territory the offering of tourism activities around Breweries and Distilleries as well as the Walberla hill is the preferential tourism product. This applies especially to those local authorities located in the Northern part of the pilot territory. There is no joint product for the whole territory and it might be difficult to create one because of its heterogeneity (orientation to Forchheim or to Erlangen/Nuremberg, landscape barriers, mental and traditional socio-cultural differences (catholic and protestant communities) Source: District Office Forchheim 203

204 Tourism Resources Audit Stage 1: involves a listing of all resources which have some connection with tourism; Table 152 Tourism Resource Database (part of Forchheim District) Natural Resources (name and location) Regional resources Naturpark / Natural park Fränkische Schweiz - Veldensteiner Forst (Hetzles, Kirchehrenbach, Kunreuth, Leutenbach) Cherry gardens and plantages around the Walberla hill Municipality of Hetzles Hetzleser Berg / Hetzlas hill (549m) -> view to Bamberg Accessibility easy easy medium difficult (depends on ownership of the gardens and the existence of tracks) easy Current volume of activity and level of use difficult to measure; no official statistics guided tours, cherry selfpicking during the whole year; depends on weather conditions cherry blossoms in Mar/Apr countryside restaurant Streitbaum open on Sunday; very homely, with Visitor types hikers, bikers, climbers, oarsmen, anglers etc. weekend tourists, local people, families, photographers, hikers and bikers hikers, climbers, aviators; local people and many weekend travellers from Erlangen, Nuremberg; many people from the big cities return later after they met the hill during cherry blossom time kinfo.de Nature park is such a large area spread over several administrative districts; parts are marginalised mountainous areas, others urbanised difficult to measure due to the lack of staff (one person in charge)

205 Old lime trees Markt Igensdorf Lindelberg, Eberhardsberg (533m) with natural monument Teufelstisch River valleys of Lillach and Rüsselbach Municipality of Kirchehrenbach Prehistoric Walberla hill (512m) and Rodenstein with geotope Steinerne Frau with protected semi-dry flora (nature protection area) and reconstructedcceltic wall Easy - medium cockle stove; small dishes and on private ground (centre of beer garden Mendelwirt) depends on use of beer gardens; hikers, bikers, guests of the beer garden Schuisenwirt easy difficult to measure mostly hikers network of hiking trails Rüsselbach: easy Lillach valley: medium (= protected as natural monument; source part of the nature park Fränkische Schweiz Veldensteiner Forst) medium (submountainous parking area, hiking paths, nature protection area!) intensively used hikers, bikers Rüsselbach trail connected with the Erlangen biking trail systen individual walks, guided botanic tours, religious processions to the St. Walburga chapel, Walberla festival (May) -> botanical and archaeological guided tours; several tours per month -> big run on archaeological tours after the reconstruction of the Celtic weall, financed by LEADER hikers, climbers, religious people, people interested in geology, nature and species protection, protohistory (Celts); Walberla festival guests; local people, regional guests (Nuremberg, Fürth, Erlangen), holiday guests from all over Germany hiking trail Lillingweg index.php?id=29&l=0 das_walberla/

206 Municipality of Kleinsendelbach Schwabach river valley with water mills Municipality of Kunreuth Hudewege / Sheep drifts Kunreuth Regensberg / Rangener Berg with ruine of a castle and a chapel Municipality of Leutenbach Sinterstufen / tufa cascades and St. Moritz fountain (former oracle fountain) (Leutenbach) Burgstein hill with viewpoint and relicts of Burgstall castle (Mittelehrenbach) Show garden with fruits and agricultural crops (Leutenbach) Markt Neunkirchen am Brand Rödlas hill -> views to Nuremberg Source: District Office Forchheim easy (hiking and biking paths); mills difficult (under private use) difficult to measure, no statistics hikers, bikers easy low hikers, bikers potential to be restored; no official signposts yet; part of Kulturweg Kunreuth medium (steep hiking trail) easy medium (steep hiking trail) high (two restaurants attract people) persons / year estimated persons / year estimated hikers, hotel guests, locals hikers, bikers hikers easy daily hikers, bikers, bus tourists, local people easy no statistics available hikers, bikers; in former times also skiers; local people but also weekend travellers from ER and N very nice path through old cherry gardens; impressive view from the hill; network of hiking trails not too much advertisement planned due to nature protection reasons support/advertisement through hiking trail Kulturerlebnis Fränkische Schweiz (infopoint) Individual catering wih local food possible Wurzhütte open at the winter weekends

207 Cultural Resources (name and location) Regional resources Restored Franconian half-timbered houses (esp. Kirchehrenbach, Leutenbach, St. Laurentius Hetzles, Neunkirchen am Brand) Churches (St. Bartholomäus Kirchehrenbach, St. Jakob Leutenbach, Kunreuth, St. Laurentius Hetzles, Ermreuth, St. Michael Neunkirchen am Brand) Traditional woodfired baking ovens for stonebaked breads Accessibility easy medium difficult (depends on the current type of use private or public ownership) easy-medium, normally open (protestant Open Church Initiative from 10a.m.-4p.m.) easy Ownership and management many private houses (living houses + business houses), several public (townhall, library etc.) catholic and protestant church municipalities, local associations Current volume of activity and level of use guided tours with fluctuant number of participants difficult to measure, weekly / daily use for private or business use (bakeries); use during events for traditional onion cakes Visitor types hikers, bikers, families, local people and guests from Nuremberg/Erlangen hikers, bikers, culturally interested people (concerts etc.) local people

208 Distillery visits around the Walberla hill easy tourism association Rund ums Walberla e.v. Additionally weekly guided tours with fluctuating number of participants hikers, bikers, epicures Biking trails of district Forchheim Way of St. James, Upper Franconia GPS-based LEADER regional trail Kulturerlebnis Fränkische Schweiz / Cultural event Franconian Switzerland Westlicher Albrandweg (Igensdorf Hetzles up to the North) with panorama to Nuremberg Genießerwege around the Walberla easy easy easy easy easy Signposted hiking and biking trails (with display board maps) district office difficult to locals (evenings, weekends), Forchheim, local measure regional people (evenings, municipalities, weekends, business reasons) Free State of Bavaria (depends on type of the street) Working group St. Jacobs Way Upper Franconia LEADER in ELER project Fränkische Albverein (signposting, maintenance tourism association Rund difficult to measure; no statistics difficult to measure; no statistics difficult to measure difficult to measure supra-regional hikers, sometimes international guests hikers, bikers, culturally interested people hikers, bikers; local people and from ER and N jakobsweg_von_lichtenfels_nach_n uernberg.html labelled; meta-network of cultural trails and historic sites GPS navigators can be borrowed in pubs and restaurants Now Frankenweg certified hiking trail hikers, bikers just started in September 2009; basing on existing trails but new

209 hill Hiking trail and cycle route along the international tourist route Burgenstraße / Castle Road Several hiking trails of Fränkische Albverein Former Celtic refuge fort VGN weekend hiking tip Über den Hetzleser Berg easy easy ums Walberla e.v. (concept, folder), Fränkische Schweiz Verein (signposting, maintenance) Die Burgenstraße e.v., Heilbronn Fränkische Albverein (signposting, maintenance difficult to measure, no countings and statistics difficult to measure hikers, bikers hikers, bikers concept crosses pilot territory near Hetzles, goes through Neunkirchen; but only advertisement in this campaign for Forchheim and Nuremberg which are members of the Burgenstraße e Municipality of Hetzles easy no possibilities hikers to measure easy c886-7e9c-9c2a4b1093fe responsible person on holidays; request Ruine Burgstall Hainburg on Mitteldorfer Berg, Igensdorf Municipality of Igensdorf easy no possibilities to measure; hidden place without any signposting -> possibly low hikers activities to improve and signpost the area planned in the LEADER project

210 Sonnen- und Planetenweg / Sun and planet trail Igensdorf Ruines of the Celtic area on the Walberla hill Kulturgutscheune Kulturgeschichtlicher Wanderweg Spurensuche Kunreuth / Cultural trail Kunreuth with old buildungs, places and former uses Schloss Kunreuth / Kunreuth Castle Castle ruin and chapel Regensberg easy Municipality of Igensdorf frequency no possibilities to measure hikers, bikers, local people and many from Erlangen due the connection to the Erlangen biking trail system; also people from Nuremberg who arrive with the Gräfenbergbahn Municipality of Kirchehrenbach easy municipality of hikers, families; guided tours Kirchehrenbach, Fränkische Schweiz Verein, LEADER project Municipality of Kleinsendelbach easy Gasthaus Rose local people, people from Erlangen easy difficult, only during few events p. year ruin: easy (private owner, but public roads/trails) chapel: key at Berggasthof Municipality of Kunreuth (major) and University of Erlangen Municipality of Kunreuth locals, hikers, bikers 3,2km; since 02/2008; starting and end point at train stations Igensdof and Rüsselbach ; night walk in Sept. 09, organised by the municipality; maintenance of the trail by the municipality and private owners No answer to inquiry Presented during the German Day of Open Heritage 2001; displays and flyers available along the path; connection to LEADER trail planned private owner labelled; few times per year public concerts in the courtyard (see event) private owner hard to measure wiki/burgruine_regensberg_(kunr euth)

211 Hötzelein Trachtenstube / Traditional costumes show room (Leutenbach) Pilgrimage chapel St. Moritz and hermit house Leutenbach Relicts of a silver mine near St. Moritz cascades (Leutenbach) Ensemble of medieval and baroque city of Neunkirchen am Brand (former Augustinian monastery, St. Michael s church, 4 gates, Zehntspeicher etc.) Synagogue with Jewish museum, Jewish cemetery, Ermreuth every last Sunday/month from April to October; individual opening for groups medium (opened by the sacristan on demand) easy medium (opening hours every first Sun per month, Apr- Oct 2-6 p.m., Nov-Mar 2-5 Fränkische Schweiz Verein Municipality of Leutenbach from 1-2 persons local people, weekend tourists to buses from N/FÜ/ER, holiday makers, some from foreign countries Catholic church local people; people from abroad (individuals and groups) -> chapel is an attractive place to marry Municipality of Neunkirchen Zweckverband Synagoge Ermreuth Municipality of Neunkirchen am Brand hard to measure readings, Klezmer concerts, exhibitions, festivities, lectures; culturally interested people (locals and day trippers), shoppers People from Erlangen and Admin. District Erlangen-Höchstadt (Eckental) as well as Nuremberg; individual holiday guests from the whole Franconian Switzerland; hiking groups; scientific for the future more thematic exhibitions planned to increase people s interest hermit house will be renovated within the LEADER project; is passed when people enter the chapel (infopoint about hermits in Upper Franconia planned) no information available

212 Heilig-Grab-Kapelle / Holy Grave Chapel at Gugel hill, Neunkirchen am Brand Felix-Müller- Museum Neunkirchen am Brand (expressionistic artist) Local exhibition with handicraft and traditional costumes at former train station Seku Source: District Office Forchheim p.m.) 3000 / year associations from universities Erlangen and Bamberg; schools / teachers and senior people; few from foreign countries; culturally interested, descendants of Franconian Jewish families open from Palm Sunday to All Hallows Day, rest of the year closed, but with free view inside the chapel medium (opening times 2 hours on Sunday) medium, flexible opening hours (access via Heimatverein Neunkirchen am Brand) Heilig-Grab- Kapelle-Stiftung (foundation), administration by Markt Neunkirchen Markt Neunkirchen am Brand in cooperation with the Gertrud- Müller-Stiftung (foundation) Heimatverein Neunkirchen am Brand hard to measure 3-4 larger groups per year (guided tours) only guided tours for single visitors / groups people interested in arts, groups of elder people, managers, cultural tourists mostly local people building under restauration, exhibition under development

213 Events (name and location) Overall events on regional level Religious festivities (Good Friday, Corpus Christi and Saint Martins processions, St. Marie s processions) Franconian Switzerland marathon and carfree Sunday Day of Open Heritage Locations of consumption Vernissagen Kunst und Genuss / Vernissages Arts and Consumption + exhibition Oct-Dec Tag der offenen Brennereien / Open Day of distilleries with tastings Advents- Weihnachtsmärkte / Advent and Christmas Markets Guided tours (natural, cultural, historic etc.) Timing Organisation and management Number of participants (local vs. visitors) Visitor types easy Local churches not measurable local and regional (Erlangen, Nuremberg) people; some tourists from abroad every first September weekend every year 13 September 2009 vernissages end of Sept every year exhibition end of Sept-Dec every year October End of November / December on demand District Office Forchheim Rund ums Walberla e.v. Rund ums Walberla e.v. Rund ums Walberla e.v. municipalities, churches, associations single person, some certified several tenthousands (estimated for Kunreuth) depends on advertisement of artists and gastronomes; persons per vernissage; number of visitors of exhibition not measurable marathon runners, bikers, hikers, scater, skiker, parents with buggys ½ local people, ½ from elsewhere regional guests from N/FÜ/ER and beyond; holiday guest from Germany and foreign countries; only few people from City of Forchheim and Admin. District of Forchheim 2008: more than local people, regional guests from N/FÜ/ER and beyond not measured yet local people, regional visitors N/FÜ/ER 2 persons up to buses regional guests; holiday makers from Germany and foreign countries 14 artists, 12 gastronomes

214 country fair Marktfest / Market festival Walberla-Fest / Walberla-Festivity Kirchehrenbacher Kulturwochen / Cultural Weeks Spring concert Weingarts A capella night Kunreuth Open Air Konzert Schloss Kunreuth / Open air concert castle Kunreuth Country fair Kirchweih ) August every year August every year Municipality of Hetzles / gastronomes Municipality of Igensdorf 01 May yearly Municipality of Kirchehrenbach October 2009 spring, free for all (once a year) May / June October Kunst- und Kulturverein Kirchehrenbach e. V. Choral society Germania Weingarts Vokalensemble TrubaDur Kunreuth Choral society Germania Weingarts Municipality of Leutenbach Gemeinde Hetzles some hundreds - thousand Gemeinde Igensdorf Several hundred people - thousands Gemeinde Kirchehrenbach tenthousands up to 50/60 people at readings/concerts etc.; 150 guests at Walberla open air theatre Gemeinde Kleinsendelbach local people, weekend-tourists from N/ER Local people, weekend-tourists from N and ER hikers, weekend-tourists from the Nuremberg and Erlangen urban areas Gemeinde Kunreuth ~200 local people 250, could be more (very high demand), but limited seating capacity 1/3 from Kunreuth, 1/3 from the region, 1/3 from outside the region performances of musicians, readers, cabaret artists, theater ensembles; in summer open air theater at the foot of the Walberla hill TrubaDur and other groups perform their music ~200 local people traditional music Gemeinde Leutenbach Morning pint on Monday attracts persons, Local people, people from administrative district

215 Cherry fair (2006) Karneval / Carnival Neunkirchen / Brand Neunkirchner Kulturtage / Neunkirchen cultural days Bürger- und Heimatfest Zehntspeicher Neunkirchen am Brand: readings, theater, concerts etc. Catholic library St. Michael: Neunkirchner Erzählcafé / Reading Café Synagogue Ermreuth: Klezmer and other concerts, readings, discussions, exhibitions July Febr. / March every year Every year end of April Every year, 3rd weekend of July weekly, focus in winter 6x a year, published on the homepage and FOKUS nearly monthly Obst- und Gartenbauverein Leutenbach, District Office Forchheim Municipalitiy of Neunkirchen Municipalitiy of Neunkirchen Municipalitiy of Neunkirchen Municipalitiy of Neunkirchen Zweckverband Synagoge Ermreuth locals and regional people hundreds of people Gemeinde Neunkirchen am Brand some 1000 visitors Forchheim and beyond local people and guests from Nuremberg and Erlangen culturally interested locals and people from ER of all ages local people and N/ER/FÜ/FO region culturally interested locals and people from Erlangen local people and people from the ER region / year People from Erlangen and admin. District Erlangen (Eckental) as well as Nuremberg; individual holiday guests from the whole Franconian Switzerland; hiking groups; scientific associations from universities Erlangen and Bamberg; schools / teachers and very active Carnival club with big garde; no answers to very broad and professional programme, participation of the local clubs, organised by Sparkasse most events: writers read from their books

216 Historische Führungen / historical guided tours Freundeskreis für Kunst und Kultur, Neunkirchen a.b. Weihnachtsmarkt / christmas market Krippenweg / christmas crib trail Neunkirchener Konzerte / concerts Kirschblütenfest / Wurzhüttenfest / Cherry blossom festival Hetzleser Berg - Rödlas on demand weekend of the 3rd Advent after the Christmas holidays and between 1 st and 6 th of January ~5 concerts per year, schedule on the homepage 1st Sunday in May yearly association with about members Municipality Neunkrichen am Brand catholic and protestant church, private people owner/gastronome of the Wurzhütte (only weekend gastronomy) no statistics senior people; few from foreign countries local people from Neunkirchen, people from bamberg and Erlangen tours include historic buildings like the church, former Augustinian monastery, town gates and town wall, houses etc. hard to measure hard to measure very traditional, includes concerts in the churches ~3000 visitors hard to measure churches and private houses with Christmas cribs are open to visitors no data available hikers, local and regional people from the whole of Northern Bavaria sophisticated music (chamber music, organ, choir, ) never answering the phone

217 Activities and services (name and location) websites, brochures, info stands in town halls Guided tours around the Walberla hill (botanical, orchard, archeological) Osterbrunnen / Easter fountains (guided tours/excursions) Igensdorf, Hetzles, Kirchehrenbach, Leutenbach, Neunkirchen am Brand Catholic library St. Michael, Neunkirchen am Brand Protestant library Ermreuth Library Hetzles Accessibility During open hours of the local municipalities easy (low fees) easy individual reservation: 17 group opening hours: Tue 11 a.m.-2 p.m. Thu p.m. Fri 3-5 p.m. Sun 9-11 a.m. opening hours Thu 3-6 p.m. Sun a.m. opening hours: Tue: 6.30 pm-7.30 pm Thu: 4 pm-5 pm Sun: 10 am-11 am Ownership and management local municipalities Rund ums Walberla e.v. / Doris Philippi Volkshochschule und Pfalzmuseum municipalities, tourist information Forchheim Municipalitiy of Neunkirchen Lutheranian church Ermreuth Municipalitiy of Hetzles Current volume of activity and level of use difficult to measure Tradition / Culture 1-2 guided tours / month; from single person to buses Apr-Jun/Sept/Oct every 2nd Sunday 2009: 101 buses, persons each Igensdorf: Visits by individual tourists from Nuremberg who approach with the Gräfenbergbahn about 370 readers Visitor types local people, daily tourists, holiday guests local people, people from N/FÜ/ER; groups from other German states that book individual tours older people local people local people from Hetzles ss.com/ 2008/05/15/doris-philippi/ municipalities concerned are not part of the trip not important tourism-wise

218 Stonemason Georg Dummert, Neunkirchen am Brand Violin manufacturer Simsek-Klier, Neunkirchen am Brand Plucking instrument manufacturer Wolfgang Teller, Neunkirchen am Brand Piano manufacturer Michael Ansorge, Leutenbach Atelier of sculptor Harro Frey, Igensdorf (Pettensiedel) not open to visitors, except for one open day once a year open to visitors, guided tours in the workshop possible, offers courses (but only started this in Neunkirchen) easy everyone is welcome easy, very flexible, everyone is welcome at every time private private Mrs. and Mr. Ansorge Harro Frey Traditional, artistic handicraft courses are frequented well (but used to offer them outside of Neunkirchen, e.g. Elba or Allgäu) so far just one course for music teachers differs from day to day; during Day of open ateliers of Administrative District Forchheim about 20 participants, during vernissages more than most clients come from outside the region, many also visit Franconian Switzerland or other tourist attractions in the region most clients come from outside the region, some stay for a few days, but most don t regional people (Erlangen, Nuremberg etc.) and from abroad visit them due to reparation of hammond orgues mostly people from Erlangen and Nuremberg who are interested to buy an object of art; many of them live in the south of Admin. District FO and work in Erlangen; also tourists who visit historic city centre of unwilling to provide information due to lack of time suggestions: cooperation of the tourism organizations and the association of instrument manufacturers, especially for a joined marketing in the cultural area the association of instrument manufacturers already organizes an event in the Wiesenthau castle (first time in late summer 2009, should take place every year from now on) and would be happy if they get support for that two barns with permanent exhibition plus changing temporary exhibitions; in former times leaflet for tourists in FS but not very successful because of differing tourists demands advertisement in Erlangen newspaper important to reach his target group

219 200 people Neunkirchen am Brand Sports Baths Kirchehrenbach (indoor), Neunkirchen am Brand (outdoor) Segelflugplatz / gliding airfield Dobenreuth Airfield Hetzles (motor flights and gliding) Kirchehrenbach opening hours: Mo-Fr 6-9 p.m. Sa 2-5 p.m. (aqua jogging daily, triathlon training Wed 8.30 p.m., water gymnastics Tue/Thu 7 p.m., diving courses) Neunkirchen: open during the summer from 11 a.m. to 7 p.m. medium airfield can only be used by official members (~ 120) of the association; gliders which are not based in Dobenreuth are not permitted to start and land easy reservation for scenic flights recommended voluntarily run by Interessensgruppe Hallenbad Kirchehrenbach Neunkirchen: Municipality Neunkirchen am Brand Luftsport Club Forchheim e.v. Fliegerclub Nürnberg Kirchehrenbach about gueste/year, upward trend Neunkirchen: few guests because the bath his very old, even locals don t use it local people from Kirchehrenbach and neighbour-villages (Pretzfeld, Weilersbach, Leutenbach, Wiesenthau, Ebermannstadt) locals and people from N/ER; /year; few tourists from abroad people interested in nature of every age gliding courses every Sa/Sun and bank holidays; daily flights during Pentecost holidays and first half of August; airfield festival one p. year; bistro for pilots and hikers; cooperation with Jochen Schweizer in eventjumping depends on weather, ~50 visitors on a nice weekend glider flight (30-45min): ~50,-

220 Starting field for hand gliders on the Walberla hill 9 hole golf course Kleinsendelbach Tennis courts Neunkirchen am Brand Reitstall Honings Reiterhof / Riding farm Rödlas Little Mountain Ranch Weingarts Reithof Gebhard Kirchehrenbach Cycle tracks / Cycle and Ski renting Peters Radl Stadl, Igensdorf and Neunkirchen am green fee on the weekends: reservation necessary Luftsport Club Forchheim e.v. Golf Club Erlangen plane flight: 120 /30min (for up to three people) no info available no info available 90% users from the region, 10% tourists (exact numbers not stated) Everybody who likes to golf Marketing: website, regional and local newspapers, golf magazines Tried to establish a cooperation with the guesthouse Zur Post (Neunkirchen am Brand ), which did not work out Open for cooperation with hotels/catering businesses no answer to s easy (fees) private owner (Bernd Gebhard, Vanessa Eger) cart rides horse shows easy (opening hours) Peter Rammensee sale, renting and maintenance of bikes; about 20 clients/day (estimation) adults and children, mainly from administrative district Forchheim people from ER, Neunkirchen, Igensdorf, Gräfenberg and neighbouring municipalities easy (fees) private owner never answering the phone, not responding to s easy (fees) private owner summer holidays: children (riding vacation 09192/1019; article FT good utilization, rest courses) of the year less offers 20 beds only for girls visitors easy (fees) private owner pension stable, horse

221 Brand Conference rooms Berggasthof Hötzelein *** Conference rooms Landhotel Selau Sparkasse Kunreuth / Postbank Igensdorf, Kirchehrenbach, Neunkirchen am Brand / Raiffeisenbank Neunkirchen am Brand eg Village shop Nah kauf Leutenbach EDEKA-Markt Drinndörfer Kunreuth easy Berggasthof Hötzelein Business easy Landhotel Selau just re-opened in July 2009; no data available yet opening hours Mo- Fr/Sa opening hours (Mo/Fr 6-19, Tue/Wed/Thur 6-18, Sa 6-13) opening hours Mo-Sa Staff of Postbank Igensdorf paid by the municipality of Igensdorf private owner (Mrs Heidner) Mrs and Mr Drinndörfer no data available persons per day specialised on regionnal food; very flexible to fulfil special wishes/oder special food; accompanying events (barbecue, smoked fish etc.) frequently used by conference groups of the bigger firms like Siemens Erlangen just re-opened in July 2009; no data available yet local people, regional people, holiday guests hikers, bikers, holiday guests from Leutenbach and neighbour villages as Dietzhof, Schlaifhausen, Wiesenthau, Ortspitz, Seidmar; only few native people from Leutenbach itself! local people from Kunreuth and neighbouring municipalities; bikers; holiday guests suggestions for optimisation: more benches and tables for picknickers; for the supermarket: Integration into tourism advertising activities

222 General Catering services Distilleries (Walter Fahner GbR Igensdorf, Gasthaus und Brennerei Zum Schwarzen Adler Kirchehrenbach etc.) Type and rating Seating capacity Level of use Guest types tml Many breweries 4 Charlemagner producers (Beutner Weingarts, Walter Fahner GbR Igensdorf, Franz-Josef Weisel Leutenbach, Alfred Zeiß Igensdorf) 9 direct marketers in Igensdorf, Kirchehrenbach, Kunreuth, Neunkirchen am Brand Campaign seasonal dishes Kulinarische Reise with carps, lamb, asparagus, horseradish, cherries, stew &regierungsbezirk=25&landkreis= l.shtml Gemeinde Hetzles Gasthaus Schwarzer Adler Mendelwirt, Hetzles Gasthaus Beck Michlwirt, Hetzles Waldschänke Gaststätte mit Biergarten restaurant/tavern, beer garden restaurant with beer garden; regional specialities (carp, pork shoulder Schäuferla ) tavern/restaurant, beer garden 60 (indoors) 60 (beer garden) 300 (beer garden) varying only open on Sunday, depends local people, hikers, people from the N/ER region more weekend guests from N/ER/FÜ than locals hikers, day trippers problems due to the death of the husband of the owner two years ago

223 Gaststätte Reitstall Honings, Honings Markt Igensdorf Landgasthof Drei Linden, Etlaswind Gastwirtschaft Goldener Stern, Igensdorf Pizzeria Trattoria bei Raffaele, Igensdorf rural restaurant tavern/ rural restaurant 80 (restaurant) 120 (indoors) 80 (outdoors) 150 (indoors) 80 (outdoors) on weather: 30-a few hundred guests per day not stated 40-50/day Local and regional (Erlangen), ~5% international guests local people, weekend travellers; open only from Thu-Sun local people, drivers along main road B2 great view, located on a mountain road to the place is in a very bad condition never answering the phone, not responding to s provides 8 beds in holiday flats suggestion/criticism: there is nothing in the municipality that could attract tourists (e.g. hiking and biking trails) will be closed and sold soon no answers on the phone Gaststätte und Metzgerei Richter, Mitteldorf Speisegaststätte Zum Lindelberg, Stöckach Landgasthof Schwarzes Roß, Oberlindelbach Gaststätte Zimmerer, Oberrüsselbach restaurant, beer garden restaurant restaurant, guesthouse 150 (indoors) 100 (beer garden) 160 (indoors) 20 (terrace) 100 (indoors) 60 (terrace) 50/day not stated at the moment the restaurant is almost out of business but will reopen next year day trippers from N/ER region, footballers, local people day trippers day trippers from the Nuremberg region will be closed due to reasons of age 1999: 1 st prize in the cooking competition of Hotel- und Gaststättenverband Nürnberg at the moment the owner is still working in his regular job and will begin to manage the restaurant full-time in the following year suggestion: municipality should do more to promote tourism

224 Gasthaus Schwabachtal Gastwirtschaft Grünes Tal, Pommer Chinarestaurant Pavillion, Igensdorf Gaststätte ASV Pettensiedel Gemeinde Kirchehrenbach Sponsel, Kirchehrenbach Zur Sonne, Kirchehrenbach restaurant, beer garden restaurant/tav ern restaurant, beer garden/beer cellar restaurant, guesthouse 120 (indoors) 60 (beer garden) 50 (indoors) 60 (outdoors) 100 (indoors) 40 (outdoors) up to 500 (beer garden/cellar) 90 (indoors) 70 (hall for special on weekdays: guests/day, Sunday: very high utilization on weekdays: varying, Sunday: good utilisation hard to state depends on weather depends on season regular local guests, hikers, bikers, motorcyclists, ~5% international guests (tourists), regular guests from the owner s old restaurant in Simonshofen near Lauf 80% regular guests from the N/ER region and surrounding villages daily and weekend tourists from Nuremberg metropolitan area, local visitors target group: families, people interested in art and culture, Siemens and other companies use the restaurant for business dinners (also with international guests) hikers, local visitors, all kinds of guests restaurant closed 5 years ago and reopened 3 months ago under a new owner; he is surprised how well people embrace the new restaurant; he won the Gastro- Gold price for his cuisine in his former restaurant in Simonshofen unwilling to provide any information won the silver prize in the Bayerische Küche (Bavarian cuisine) competition, various other prizes, applies quality management suggestions: improvement of the biking trails, municipalities could extend their activities provides 14 beds in 7 rooms,

225 Restaurant-Café Zum Walberla, Kirchehrenbach Gemeinde Kleinsendelbach Gasthaus Zum Schellenberg Gasthaus Zur Rose, Kleinsendelbach Gemeinde Kunreuth Berggasthof Hötzelein, Regensberg restaurant tavern, beer garden restaurant/tav ern, guest house, beer garden restaurant, hotel events) 100 (beer garden) 100 (indoors) 100 (terrace) 30 (indoors) 20 (beer garden) 60 (indoors) 180 (hall) 60 (beer garden) 250 (indoors) highest guest numbers on the weekend depends on season day trippers from the N/ER region, tourists staying in the F.S., some international guests from bigger companies few guests regular guests, sometimes hikers varying, up to 400 guests per day hotel: 27% utilization ER/N region, few international guests predominantly ER/N/FÜ region, ~2% international guests utilization depends on season, in the summer very good won the silver prize of the Bayerische Küche (Bavarian cuisine) competition in 2006 criticism: marketing activities of the Fränkische Schweiz region put their focus on promoting cheap holidays which causes problems for the regional actors because they cannot offer high quality for low prices won the gold medal of the Bayerische Küche (Bavarian cuisine) competition in 2005 appears in the Schäufele-Führer provides 57 beds in 32 rooms hotel category: 3 stars suggestions: centralised institution for the marketing of the region that also supports the

226 Zum Schloss, Kunreuth Brennerei und Hofcafe Geistreich, Weingarts restaurant coffeehouse 120 (indoors) 50 (beer garden) 12 (terrace) big differences weekend-rest of the weak few guests, high utilization on Tuesdays (closing day of nearby Gasthof Hötzelein) N/FÜ/ER region, international guests only for special occasions (e.g. hosted the Australian hockey team once) 50% tourists many visitors from the Kulmbach/Bayreuth region people interested in slow food, organic food 10% international guests accommodation enterprises to acquire guests; a larger hotel (also possible: hotel chain) should open in the region where young people could get a professional education in the tourism business offers a holiday flat (4 beds), utilization ~30% during the summer suggestions: hiking trails, better cooperation of the municipalities to connect Flurbereinigung - (reallocation of land) trails the restaurant building is very old (15 th -16 th century), could be advertised criticism: connection to public transport system is improvable coffehouse exists to draw visitors attention to the farm shop of the owner has the Einkauf auf dem Bauernhof certificate, various products were awarded prizes

227 Gasthaus Bernd Distler, Ermreus Zwetschgastübla, Regensberg Landgasthof Bauernschmidt, Regensberg Sportgaststätte Waldesruh, Weingarts Gasthaus zur Post, Weingarts Gemeinde Leutenbach Gasthof und Metzgerei Schütz-Spindler, Leutenbach Gastwirtschaft Rumpler, Leutenbach Gastwirtschaft/Brauerei Alt, Dietzhof Gastwirtschaft/Brauerei Drummer, Leutenbach tavern tavern restaurant, beer garden restaurant/tavern hot meals 3x a week, own brewery restaurant with own brewery 50 (indoors) 100 (beer garden) 30 (indoors) 20 (outdoors) 115 (indoors) 70 (beer garden) (indoors) 120 (outdoors, beer garden) 75 (indoors) 50 (outdoors) 100 (beer garden) big differences (special occasions) people from Ermreus and surrounding villages, in the summer sometimes tourists (few of them international) not stated local people varying depends on weather varying depends on weather N/ER region people from the N/ER region, (former) members of students fraternities (also from areas further away), international guests, especially business people from Siemens hikers, people from the N/ER/FÜ region tavern hardly opens anymore for age reasons of the owner only open on Sundays temporarily closed suggestion: restaurant is part of the Walberla-Verband, proposes cooperation with this organization suggestion: parking area for hikers in Leutenbach big differences Gasthof Zur Sonne, provides 12 beds, fairly good rural restaurant 70 (indoors) weekend-rest of people from the N/ER region Oberehrenbach utilization at the weekends during the week the summer Gasthof Zum tavern (no food at not stated only people from the village does not want to receive visitors

228 Burgstein, Seidmar all) besides the regular guests due to lack of time problems because the tenant left, Gastwirtschaft hardly any guests tavern 56 (indoors) regular guests, few tourists owner is managing the tavern right Römerhof, Leutenbach at the moment now Markt Neunkirchen am Brand Gasthof zur Post, Neunkirchen am Brand Polsters Klosterhof, Neunkirchen am Brand Ristorante Pizzeria Aurora, Neunkirchen am Brand Bischof Zur Seku, Neunkirchen am Brand restaurant, guest house restaurant (Franconian and international cuisine, premium quality), beer garden; new in Neunkirchen, before in ER where it received some awards by magazines guesthouse, restaurant, beer garden 70 (indoors) 80 (beer garden) 180 (indoors) 80 (beer garden) 50 (winter garden) 87 (indoors) 40 (beer garden) 50/day 70-80/day 30 meals served per day 60% of the guests: local people 40%: business people staying in the hotel, business partners having lunch business people, families, elder people (lunch time), ~2% international guests, especially from bigger companies having dinner with their business partners local people, local clubs, commuters, generation 40+, ~3% international guests provides 17 beds, very good utilization suggestion/criticism: municipality hardly puts effort on marketing activities criticism: people arriving from the Forchheim and Gräfenberg direction have problems finding Neunkirchen because of the lack of road signs suggestions: cultural events (theatre, arts, ) includes butcher s shop provides 32 beds, average utilization 60%, mostly business people, pilgrims of the Jacobus trail, few tourists staying in the region for holidays suggestions: hiking and biking trails, culture trail similar to Jacobus trail (covering only

229 Bürgerstuben, Neunkirchen am Brand Café-Haus-Jakobus, Neunkirchen am Brand Gasthaus Kugler-Wirt, Großenbuch Gasthof Ederer Zum weißen Lamm, Ermreuth cafè special offer: lunch for elder people restaurant + beer garden restaurant/tavern 40 (can be upgraded to 120 for special events) 20 (terrace) 180 (indoors) 160 (outdoors, can be upgraded to 400 by using ale-benches) (hall) 50-60/day summer: 100/day winter: 50/day Mon-Wed: hardly any guests Thu/Fri: 50-75Sat/Sun: >100 elder people from neighbouring home for elderly (sometimes with their families); St. Jacob s hikers all types of guests (local people, families, tourists), mostly from the N-ER-FÜ region, few international guests People from the village and neighbouring villages, people from the N/FÜ/ER region, few international guests villages of Franconian Switzerland), handing out information to travel agencies all over Germany to promote holiday in F.S. unwilling to provide any information at the moment enlargement and restauration of the existing capacities suggestions: hiking and biking trails, anything to attract people er/ Gasthof Ossmann, Ermreuth Bauernmarkt / Farmer s market, Neunkirchen am Brand Bierbar Bodega, Neunkirchen am Brand tavern, bakery 40 (indoors) few guests market only local people (regular guests) Mostly women with higher income; Friday afternoons every 2 weeks never answering the phone

230 Café Bäckerei Der Kalchreuther Bäcker, Neunkirchen am Brand Café Eisdiele Pastore Donato, Neunkirchen am Brand China Restaurant Krone, Neunkirchen am Brand Flair Kochschule und Partyservice, Neunkirchen am Brand Gasthaus Fritz Dorn, Großenbuch Gasthaus Schwarzer Adler, Neunkirchen am Brand coffeehouse staff cannot provide any information restaurant (chinese food) catering business restaurant/tavern 40 (indoors) 30 (outdoors) 0 up to 200 (most of them in a renovated barn for special events) unwilling to provide any information not stated local people contract of lease is going to expire soon not stated people from the village, local clubs catering business, no restaurant only open in the evenings or for special festivities unwilling to provide any information Gasthaus Traube Fam. Simmerlein, Ebersbach Gastwirtschaft Irmgard Lottes, Baad after reconstruction: ( rural ) restaurant 50 after reconstruction: 180 (indoors), large beer garden at the moment very few guests because of the reconstruction people from the region (up to 20 km distance) small tavern, difficulties due to age reasons and the death of the husband of the owner, not willing to provide any further information owner is about to start reconstructing the restaurant suggestion/criticism: Neunkirchen (and the surrounding villages) do not have any attractions tourists could be interested in

231 Gastwirtschaft Waldeslust Richard Derfuß, Rosenbach Fränkischer Imbiss P. Hertel, Neunkirchen am Brand Imbiss am Busbahnhof, Neunkirchen am Brand Landhotel Selau, Neunkirchen am Brand snack bar snack bar conference hotel 10 (indoors) 10 (outdoors) 120 beds, 7 conference rooms ( persons); beer garden with max. 500 seats, currently 100; restaurant with 70 seats; hall with 400 seats; further room with 30 seats 30-50/day Just started in July; restaurant and kitchen not finished yet; special offers at the weekends local people, craftsmen, bikers and motorcyclists (among these sometimes international guests) Business travellers from N, ER and FÜ; also international guests (e.g. China, UK, Hungary) and weekend travellers from there; few people from Neunkirchen unwilling to provide any information suggestion: install signs that indicate the catering businesses in Neunkirchen Pizzeria Alberto, Neunkirchen am Brand never answering the phone Pizzeria Trattoria da Pasquale, Neunkirchen never answering the phone am Brand Restaurant Alexis Zorbas, Neunkirchen unwilling to provide any information am Brand Sportcafé Jolly, information only provided by the boss but he

232 Neunkirchen am Brand Sportheim TSV Neunkirchen, Neunkirchen am Brand Taverne Zum alten Gott im TennisClub, Neunkirchen am Brand Source: District Office Forchheim is never available never answering the phone

233 Stage 2: is about a critical evaluation of those resources in terms of their quality, uniqueness and tourist appeal; Strengths One of the biggest fruitgrowing areas in GE/EU (cultivation of cherries, apples, plums) Mount Walberla Openness and brightness of the landscape Beautiful restored Franconian half-timbered houses Numerous thematic paths to discover Regional and seasonal food (high quality, good price/performance ratio) Variety and cultural events Nativeness/ silence and cosiness / kindness A lot of actors interested / active in tourism development (local communities, Walberla association), activities of promotion and selling Short communication channels; Table 153 SWOT analysis of key tourism resources (part of Forchheim District) Opportunities Improvement of direct marketing (networking between farmers, holiday flat renters, gastronomy) Increased marketing of cherries / fruits Offers /marketing for specific target groups (day travellers, city travekkers, business/fair guests, senior people, families, sportsmen) Biking and hiking trails: Construction of missing links on intercommunal level; connection with the network of the City and Administrative District of Erlangen Proximity to big cities / part of the Nuremberg metropolitan area -> Starting point for cultural trips Increase of short-time tourism at the cost of day tourism Networking -> combination of various thematic offers: Menue&Museum, Biking&Silence, Congress&Costumes Source: District Office Forchheim Weaknesses Target group and aims unshaped Missing of a real attraction Boundary of traditional tourism destination Franconian Switzerland Low level of internationalisation Heterogenous service orientation and quality of caterers Lack of investment in hotel sector and gastronomy, decrease of gastronomy due to age reasons / problems with succession of the next generation Low rate of overnight stays lack of package solutions (e.g. cultural event + gastronomy) Marketing: Self-made, no joint strategy, too much printed information Lack of appropriate information -> cultural sites and events, gastronomy etc. often insider tips Hidden and split information (too many actors) Threats People want real highlights and events, not only a conglomeration of nice regional distinctions Low cost tourism / gastronomy Stillstanding of time / lack of investment Too many local initiatives and information jungle-> overload, especially for day / weekend tourists Tourists appear silence disappears Motorised individual transport collaps

234 Analysis of governance system Characteristics Presence and structure of existent Destination Management Organisations Analysis of the decision-making process Table 154 Analysis of governance system (part of Forchheim District) Item Legal form some of the municipalities of the pilot territory are official members of the tourism association Frankische Schweiz / Franconian Switzerland local actors as distillers, brewers, gastronomes, renters of holiday flats and gastronomes are members of association Rund ums Walberla e.v. which they established about 2000 Corporate membership see above membership in the tourism association FS Goals and strategy Tourism mission statement Kein schöner Land of the whole Franconian Switzerland, partly also applies for the pilot territory Function (promotion, product development, sales, market research, etc) Managed for parts of the pilot territory by Tourism Office Franconian Switzerland and the Walberla Association Difficulties: Several independent local municipalities form one pilot territory No persons fully in charge of tourism affairs at the municipalities located in the pilot territory; joint information system missing Tourism Office Franconian Switzerland is responsible for a very huge area spread over several administrative districts -> pilot territory is only a small piece of this area with the most attractive parts and highest income in the heart of Franconian Switzerland Walberla e.v. as a voluntary network is not provided with the necessary manpower and finances to carry out professional market research, product developemt etc.; a marketing working group is responsible for promotion activities such as the creation of folders, info stands, corporate video etc. Budget and financing mechanism Membership fees for tourism destination Fränkische Schweiz e.v. (used for staff of the tourism office, promotion activities, studies etc.) Membership fees for Rund ums Walberla e.v. (Used for marketing activities, small studies such as a concept for hiking trails) Number and profile of stakeholders acting in the context about majors, gastronomes, hoteliers, direct marketers, distillers, brewers, Fränkische Schweiz Verein, country / costume associations LEADER local action group, organised as an association (e.v.) -> difficulty: differentiated decision making process characteristic: each of the actors is partner in several networks/associations -> sometimes intransparent connections and decision making processes, old networks with their own history Number and profile of stakeholders involved in the governance decisions about (7 majors, steering group of Walberla association, head of gastronomy association, heads of Franconian Switzerland association)

235 Financial support to the development of the area Legislation and standards in force at the tourist destination Networking and cooperation among companies and players (clubs, tourist cards, ) Interconnection between tourism and other fields, like agricilture, industry, etc. Policy of destination branding Disposal of local community to undertake a process of tourism development Source: District Office Forchheim Actions and projects supported, amount of money invested by private players and public Administration LEADER in ELER Banks (e.g. Sparkasse, Raiffeisenbank), foundations (e.g. Kirchenstiftungen) Vereine (Trachten-, Musik-, Kunst-/Kultur-, ) Dorferneuerungsprogramm, Wettbewerb Unser Dorf soll schöner werden / Renewing programme for rural local communities National and local strategies of tourism development Regional mission statement for the Franconian Switzerland also applies to the pilot territory (see above) Activities of the association Walberla e.v. are more or less intuitive, basing on a voluntary basis Current local policy versus tourism development local municipalities do not have enough power (money, staff) to improve the tourism development; due to this reason, some of the majors are not interested in activities in the tourism sector, delegate the activities to the voluntary actors of the Walberla association At the moment there is a generation change in the Walberla association; its founders who started the activities about 10 years ago are mostly around 60 or 60+ Local laws in favour of private entrepreneurship Quality standard (certification, etc) - certification is introduced just on a low level in the pilot territory; just few of the hotels are certified (e.g. Berggasthof Hötzelein *** Regensberg; Landhotel Selau envisaged) - certification for few farms which are partners in the campaign Urlaub auf dem Bauernhof / Vacation on the farm Absence/Presence (description) Just one conference hotel is thinking about a cooperation with a hotel chain Tourist card available for the whole territory of Franconian Switzerland Absence/Presence (description) The formal cooperation between tourism and other economic fields is developed just on a low level; e.g. the cooperation with agriculture / direct marketing is still under development Informal cooperation between single persons is very strong (see below) Presence of a brand, description of the policy Destination brand is available for the whole of Franconian Switzerland Logo of Walberla mountain is available for the partners of the Walberla association Further logos created for single projects as the LEADER project/cultural path Franconian Switzerland High/Medium/Low About 50% of the majors see a real economic perspective in tourism and start specific activities; they are highly interested in the LISTEN project and a participation in it; the others like to leave the things as they are Depends on the community (financial situation, availability of staff) and the political aims of the political representatives (majors are volunteers, some of them belong to the older generation)

236 2.8. PP9 - UNIVERSITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND APPLIED LIFE SCIENCE Type of territory Table 155 Characteristics of target territories (ökoenergieland) Characteristics Presence/Absence Territory Name Region of Güssing, ökoenergieland, Naturpark Weinidylle Type of territories Area Type 2 Mandatory Plurality of stakeholders who hold local resources High Mandatory Defined border (single unit analysis) Presence of small dimension Presence real estates which could be Medium converted into accommodation Source: University of natural resources and applied life science The ökoenergieland is an regional association currently defined by 11 communities from 2 political districts (Güssing, Oberwart) and within a nature park (Weinidylle): Community of Bildein, Community of Deutsch Schützen-Eisenberg, Community of Eberau, Community of Güssing, Community of Güttenbach, Community of Heiligenbrunn, Community of Moschendorf, Community of Strem, Community of St. Michael, Community of Tobaj Community of Sulz The association is willing to be open for other communities in the region. Preferential Preferential 236

237 Photos and impressions of the pilot region Source: Arne Arnberger and Renate Eder; number 10 taken from 237

238 Socio-economic profile of target territories Characteristics Average altitude (m.a.s.l.) Surface (km2) Number of municipality Accessibility Connection with neighboring areas Wood, farm, urban surface Table 156 Geographical characteristics (ökoenergieland) 229 m above sea level Item Burgenland: 3964km², Region: 287,3km² (= 7,25% of Burgenland) Burgenland: 171, Region: 10 Difficult Only Austrian district with no public Train station and no highway entrance! Interaction between the neighbored national states (Hungary, Slovenia) is becoming better and better, but there is still an improvement necessary. Inner Austrian connection to the neighboring federal states (Styria, Lower Austria) is also lacking. Regional connectivity is becoming better because of local initiatives like community busses. The region, which lies on the eastern foothills of the Alps, is famous for its slight hilly landscape The cultural landscape is partly traditional composed of vineyards and forests. Yet there is also a more intensified agriculture and forestry in connection with the production of renewable energies. Specially the so called Uhudler which is a very traditional and rooted wine is deeply grown together with the region The region is one of the smallest vineyards of Austria nevertheless is has a big grape variety Approximately 45% of the region is designated as forest Source: University of natural resources and applied life science 238

239 Characteristics Demografy (Inhabitants) Density (Inhabitants/km2) 41 Structure of the economy (Active population/employment for sectors of economic activity) Unemployment Local enterprise Presence of renewable energy systems farming trade industry handicraft tourism Table 157 Socio-economic profile (ökoenergieland) Item Bgld: ; Region: (=4,2%) Bgld: +0,9%; Region: -0,42% Migratory balances Emigration Average: 4,5 Age structure: <15 Jahre: 10,95%; Jahre: 65,45%; >64 Jahre: 23,61% Old age index: Bgld: 118,44; Region: 124,27 Social load index: Bgld:49,87; Region: 49,98 Outliers: Actually no data available Actually no data available 4496 (28%) 263 (2%) 5786 (36%) 2461 (15%) Bgld: 7213 (=7,4%) Region: 696 Average size Small Number of enterprises and sector of activity (farming: 1093, trade: 596, industry: 36, handicraft: 2934, tourism: 555) Presence of traditional activities like agriculture, fishing and viniculture (Uhudler) Presence Biomass Power Plant Güssing Methaninsation Plant Güssing Biogas plant Strem Biostram KWK Anlage Güssing Community heating (Fernwärme) Güssing Pyrotherm Photovoltaik plant Biogas plant Heiligenkreuz South Burgenland Wood dehydration plant GmbH Community heating (Fernwärme) Glasing Community heating (Fernwärme) Urbersdorf Community heating (Fernwärme) Dt.Tschantschendorf Community heating (Fernwärme) St. Michael Community heating (Fernwärme) Eberau Community heating (Fernwärme) Bildein Community heating (Fernwärme) Güttenbach Community heating (Fernwärme) Burgauberg Sonnensiedlung Stegersbach Community heating (Fernwärme) Königsdorf Community heating (Fernwärme) Wallendorf Community heating (Fernwärme) Rumpersdorf Presence Sustainable Mobility Roter Bus (red bus): Most important public transport system for Systems the valley of Stremt and Pinka Source: University of natural resources and applied life science 239

240 Table 158 Tourism sector, demand and supply (ökoenergieland) Characteristics Item Data Arrivals and overnights 2000: arrivals and overnights 2003: arrivals and overnights 2007: arrivals and overnights Average duration of stay 2000: 2,6 2003: 2,5 2007: 1,85 Number of hotel and non-hotel accommodations 60 Number of beds 668 Average size of hotel and non-hotel accommodations 11 beds/hotel Rate of use of facilities = ratio between overnights and the maximum theoretical capability (obtained by multiplying the beds for 365 days) 2000: 11,75%; 2003: 11,55% 2007: 12% Current targets. Region is focusing on the development and use of renewable energies but promoting also its beautiful cultural landscape connected to viticulture. Our core area around Güssing is focusing on expert tourism. Mostly representatives of communities from all over the world are coming to the region for a business excursion and to see the regional economic structures as a whole as well as special plants, installations, On the other hand the Naturpark tries to attract recreational clients, which stay only short term however. The average visitor for the Naturpark Weinidylle is approximately in his/her late forties, has a high education level and a high affinity to regional products. Thus the offers of the Naturpark address particularly families. Nevertheless there is no holistic concept for regional tourism. Reference market (international, domestic). Although Güssing was one of the pioneers in expert oriented tourism, some other regions are still offering those offers. Because of an intense input in research and development, Güssing is still a pioneer in using and presenting new technologies to customers and representatives. This creates a wide international field of marketing. There are few few comparable initiativess like Güssing Güssing is a state-of-the-art model for the whole genre of renewable energies The region is famous all over the world as the first energy autarkic community of the world. Never the less the focus is set on Austria and its neighboring countries. Güssing is forcing to raise regional job creation as well as its following the short ways principle. Current product and description of good practice. Expert oriented tourism as described under the point current targets. Desire to implement experience oriented tourism for both as a supplementation of actual tourism offers and as an independent new form of tourism. Source: University of natural resources and applied life science Target, products and market 240

241 Tourism Resources Audit In general it has to be said, that the accommodation possibilities in the region are limited. This lack is already mentioned by the region and some initiatives have been started to offer potential tourist the possibility for an overnight stay. The visitor types and the level of use is still being evaluated by our partners! Stage 1: involves a listing of all resources which have some connection with tourism; Legend: Acc.=Accessibility; Res.=Resource, NR=natural resource, CR=cultural resource, EV=event/activity; Table 159 Tourism Resource Database (ökoenergieland) Name GE Name EN Visitor types Level of use Acc. Res. Regional Naturpark Weinidylle Nature park Weinidylle Schools, Groups poor Easy NR, CR, EV ökoenergieland Schools/Groups/Ex ökoenergieland perts medium Easy NR, CR Güssing Burg Güssing / Kultursommer / Castle of Güssing / Cultural summer / All target groups high Easy CR, EV Burgspiele festival of the castle Burgmuseum Batthyány Castlemuseum Batthyány All target groups Is included in the castle Easy CR tour Franziskanerkloster Franciscan Monastery Pilgrim Visitors Easy CR Familiesgruft Batthyány Familytomb Batthyány Pilgrim Included in the monastery Easy CR tour hl. Ladislaus Saint Ladislaus Pilgrim Included in the monastery Easy CR tour Auswanderermuseum (in der Alten Museum of Emigrants 50+/Schools poor Easy CR Mühle) Naturwildpark Güssing Nature/Wildernesspark Güssing Families / 50+ Poor Med. CR Clusius Naturlehrpfad Clusius nature trail Families / 50+ poor Easy NR, CR Moschendorf Weinmuseum mit Weinidylle- Museum of Viniculture incl / Experts high Easy CR

242 Vinothek - Strohgedeckte Kellerstöckl -Uhudler -historische Weinbau- und Gebrauchsgegenstände Weinidylle Vinothek Bildein Burgenländisches Geschichte(n)haus House of tales of burgenland Groups / 50+ Medium Easy CR Eberau Wasserschloss mit Schlosspark Waterpalace with palace garden Entrance in the waterpalace is actually not public Wallfahrtskirche Maria Weinberg Pilgrimage church Maria Weinberg Pilgrim / 50+ poor Easy CR Güttenbach Pannonisches Institut:Urbare, Dica, Konskriptionen, Visitationen, alte Geschichtsbücher Pannonical Institute No tourism offer - CR Heiligenbrunn Kellerviertel Ancient quartier where wine products All target groups high Easy CR were and still are stored and tested St. Michael Landtechnisches Museum Technical museum of agricultural Schools / Groups / high Easy CR history 40+ / Families Strem Antonikapelle Chapel of Antoni No tourism offer Easy CR Tobaj Tobajer Kogel: Vulkankegel mit Hill of Tobaj: former volcano with Schools / Geotourists No tourism offer Easy NR sagenumwobener Quelle: Energietankstelle für Menschen) legendary spring; recovery Station for humans Kukmirn Schnappsbrennereimuseum Museum of hard liqueur All target groups High Easy CR Sulz Gläsereimuseum Glazery museum Actually not opened Easy CR Source: University of natural resources and applied life science Diff. CR

243 Stage 2: is about a critical evaluation of those resources in terms of their quality, uniqueness and tourist appeal; Table 160 SWOT analysis of key tourism resources (ökoenergieland) Strengths Well preserved and diversified cultural and natural landscape Nature park Weinidylle Existing offer of hiking trails and bicycle routes Numerous theme trails and guided tours Regional products and food (fruits, wine, schnapps, ) with good price and performance ratio Different cultural events Authenticity of the people Energy self-sufficient city Güssing European Center for Renewable Energy (EEE) Weaknesses High distance to urban areas Weakness/Missing of public transport No highway entrance Missing of high quality job offers migration and over aging of the population Integration of existing tourism offers No joint marketing strategy Lack of investment in hotel sector and gastronomy Low quality of some eco-energy tourism offers Lack of bookable tourism packages regarding eco-energy Opportunities Extension of one day visits Transformation of day visitors into overnight visitors New tourists from eastern countries Networking between different tourism providers Offers for specific target groups (energy oriented tourism offers) Development of experience oriented visitor offers regarding renewable energies Energy self-sufficiency is a futureoriented topic Improvement of quality of the gastronomy and hotel business Threats No clear regional tourism products recognizable Competition with tourism offers of neighbouring countries Brain drain loss of innovation potential Increasing competition with Austrian energy regions 243

244 Analysis of governance system The governance structure in the region is very abstract. There are several tourism associations which over all of course fit in a holistic scheme but the coordination takes a lot of time, so that the whole system is quiet lethargic. Graphic 1 illustrates the relationship of regional tourism association and initiatives relevant for the ökoenergieland. Figure 42gives an overview about relevant stakeholders and members of the local guide group for the LISTEN project. Figure 41 Regional governance structure, actual situation (Masterplan ökoenergieland 2009, adapted) (ökoenergieland) Source: (Masterplan ökoenergieland 2009, adapted) The ökoenergieland GmbH is mainly influenced by three main clusters/associations. One cluster is dominated by regional tourism associations. Via the Südburgenland Plus association 244

245 - a permanent Leader+ institution supported by the federal state the ökoenergieland cooperates with several regional projects. The federal tourism association of Burgenland is influencing the ökoenergieland GmbH directly because it is a foundation member. Also foundation members of the ökoenergieland GmbH are the third cluster which consists of the EEE and the former ökoenergieland association. Both cooperating intensely since many years, so that there is a common understanding about what is going to be realised and how it has to be done. The graphic also shows the small structured landscape of organisations in the region which don t follow a common target. Figure 42 Stakeholder, local guide group participants and network structure and their relationship to the LISTEN project (ökoenergieland) Source: (Masterplan ökoenergieland 2009, adapted) The most relevant regional LISTEN project partners are listed in the middle row. These are the partners which directly influence the LISTEN project. Nevertheless there is a lack of cooperation in the region which consists because of regional competitiveness. Here is one of our mayor working fields when our planned pilot actions are going to be realized. As this form shows, the regional management Burgenland, where the LISTEN-Core Group member is employed, is not in a direct way linked to the LISTEN project. This is relevant because of the controlling function of this group. 245

246 3. GOVERNANCE MODEL 17 The objective of the Wp3 Research and Analysis by the University of Trento is to define the most effective and efficient public private tools of governance for sustainable tourism development in areas with unexplored potential, capable of enhancing tourism development, having positive spin offs in the area, maintaining and increasing attractiveness both for users and for local residents. Tools of governance are supposed to play an important role for success of tourism development, focus of the Listen project. Figure 43 Governance and tourism development Source: etourism 17 Chapter by PP2 Workgroup. 246

247 3.1. Community destination management in rural villages Territory as a resource in destination management The tourism territory must be understood as a geographically delimitated territory, with natural and administrative borders, culturally characterised by the anthropological notion of place as a historical, relational and identity related entity. Many stakeholders work there, specific resources are available and different kinds of relations and partnerships are established. Community destinations are based on a deep connection with their territory. In order to understand the specificity of managerial action in this kind of destination, it is useful to keep in mind the local development approach, which considers the deep connection with the territory and the development of its identity as basic elements for the competitiveness of its offer. According to this approach, the territory gains importance after the transition to the Post Fordism and the globalisation of the market, thus becoming a place whereby its resources, competences and specific knowledge can territorially diversify production and therefore represent a potential competitive advantage. The local systems can therefore be based on a specific local milieu, which means a permanent set of socio-cultural elements gathered within a geographical area through the evolution of inter-subjective relations. Such elements give a fundamental input to the productive process in terms of work, entrepreneurship, material and immaterial infrastructures, social culture and organisational skills. In this way, the territory can be considered as a cognitive multiplier that can generate knowledge to transfer to the local productions with a positive impact on the economic competitiveness of its stakeholders. The endogenous development is directly connected with the innovation capability available at a local level. This means that the territorial system s survival depends on the ability to manage natural and artificial resources in order to guarantee a self-drive system, also through the attraction of external resources and competences. The territorial resources and competences have therefore to be constantly improved and renewed, in order to: 1. Enhance the ability to start new economic businesses, the occupational potential and the income generation for the resident population; 2. Enhance the ability to innovate and improve the territorial offer, creating knowledge through innovation as well as attracting ideas or businesses from external economies; 3. Enhance the quality of life within the territory, from a residential as well as professional point of view; 4. Strengthen and give value to the territorial identity, re-territorialising production processes. In this way, a new consciousness of the concept of local comes out, which is bound to the recognition of the contribution the local community gives to the territorial heritage in the creation of long-lasting wealth. The territorial identity becomes a constructive energy to impose development models based on the recognition of socio cultural peculiarities, development of local resources and non hierarchical exchange networks within the society. At this level the interdependence among many decisions regarding local development is evident: urban planning, public transport management and offer, presence of structures and facilities, availability of training and research centres able to create and spread knowledge. These elements work on the territory s ability to show its own driving 247

248 force towards the activities performed in it, in a constant dialectic among businesses, institutions and local context, on which the development or crisis trajectories depend Governance and cooperation among stakeholders Local development depends on the interaction between the economic and the social system, i.e. on the way by which local players who try to reach certain goals undertake a synergic perspective, combining profitably cooperation and competition. A local system has to develop some institutions as a basis for cooperation, defining the rules of the game, reducing uncertainty, offering guarantees and coordinating exchanges within the society by indicating positive and negative incentives that contribute to limiting individual and opportunistic behaviour. The local administrations that are responsible for the territorial government action can activate, through this philosophy, governance processes so as to motivate and direct stakeholders to consistent behaviour towards local development. Therefore, the territorial strategy consists in the action through which some relevant goals for development are pursued by identifying and involving local players with different structure, dimensions, role and relevance and whose interests are brought together in a common evolution trajectory. This considered, the local government pursues a development plan by defining a systemic strategy, in order to develop and increase the amount of available resources. The local systemic strategy involves resident businesses and organisations through four patterns of intervention which can be conveniently combined together: 1. Enacting rules and regulations that define an incentive system and constraints in order to direct the local stakeholders action, by acting on the convenience of business decisions; 2. Direct intervention on the territory in order to orient its vocation and determine the amount of available resources, such as the intended use of land areas, urban planning, investments in facilities, policies for the training and support of entrepreneurship; 3. The institution of organisations with the aim of enhancing local development, which promote the territory with strategic projects and their financial support and increase the marketing of certain products/areas; 4. Supporting the creation of sector-based or chain-based clusters of businesses and some bodies dedicated to their management, in order to enhance local production, promote quality policies and strengthen promotional and commercial activities by creating economies of scale and scope Meta management in community destinations Creation of a unified management body, with meta management functions, is a condition which aids the correct and efficient functioning of the integration strategy of the tourism offer. Meta-management actions consist in the creation of a higher-order government, a second degree decision making level, which goes beyond the management of individual organisations and is able to outline a more unitary tourism policy. In community destinations, the disintegration of decision making processes and the distribution of the tourism impact give to the destination management the typical aspect of meta management, aiming to coordinate, through networks, different individual or organised players that carry on their businesses in the territory. The meta-management body must facilitate processes such as the sharing of decisions, structures and resources among different players (circulation of information 248

249 within the cluster, transfer of skills, use of common trademarks, sharing of production, logistic and commercial processes, creation of a Destination Management System). Institutions should give organisations the possibility of acting as a local meta-management bodies. While ensuring the various players representation (private and public), they have to be equipped with streamlined decision-making mechanisms. They must not be paralysed in search of unanimity and, being based on the accountability in terms of budget and results, they must be able to perform managerial functions. From an operational point of view, the most relevant functions that a meta management body has to undertake in order to coordinate the players are: 1. Boost the local players participation in a cooperative strategy, by credibly highlighting the benefits and leading to overcoming the resistance that single entrepreneurs can oppose to the collective plan; 2. Formalisation of relationship mechanisms among central body and individual members, and among members; 3. Selection of new members in the cluster and possible release of others; 4. Definition of control mechanisms and identification of penalties against possible opportunistic or free-ridership behaviour ; 5. Identification of transparent and shared mechanisms of contribution to the central body and sharing of the results among the players. In addition to the coordination tasks, the meta management body can also perform operational functions, by managing actions which single players were not able to deal with on an efficient scale when working individually. This activity is particularly relevant in functions related to commercial and marketing areas, for which the scale effect is significant Governance and stakeholders relationships in LISTEN destinations: benchmark study LP Autonomous Province of Trento In 2002, the Autonomous Province of Trento created a DMO, (Destination Management Company), called Trentino Marketing, which is a joint venture between the Department of Tourism and the Chamber of Commerce. Trentino Spa deals not merely with tourist promotion, but also marketing for the entire region. From typical products to culture: this is the task that was undertaken by Trentino SpA, the company which replaced the Trentino Tourism Promotion Agency (Apt) in The new concern also has the task of linking and coordinating all of the other associations operating in this sector: the Provincial authority, the Chamber of Commerce, the University, the local tourist boards, the Pro Loco consortia, and other pertinent associations, operators and businesses. Trentino Spa is responsible for representing the tourism related and territorial image of Trentino on a wider scale, managing the trade name, promoting and advertising Trentino as an integrated system of values and activities, bringing out specific aspects, marketing activities in different sectors, for public and press relations, carrying out research and market analysis, for editorial backing activities, for collaboration with local tourist promotion operators and marketing assistance, not only in the field of tourism, but also in that of sport, culture, and quality production. 249

250 As Trentino Marketing is mainly focused on the main tourism destinations already existing in a Province which deals with almost 5 million arrivals per year, the Listen project has an important role in supporting the territories which have an interesting but as of yet undeveloped tourism potential, which will be possibly considered in the future by Trentino Marketing strategies. This is why three territories like Valle dei Mocheni, Valle del Chiese and Tesino Vanoi were chosen in Trentino to support sustainable tourism development. Valle deimocheni The first territory checked by the PP2 is Valle dei Mocheni, where the system of local governance was studied. The subject responsible for tourism promotion and organisation of events is the local Consortium of the Pro Loco Associations, which gathers the different associations of the municipalities. In this area of the valley there is not a local tourism board, as happens in the rest of Trentino, and it is possible to claim that the Consortium is its surrogate. Its main functions involve information, promotion, selling and also local development. The Consortium is 90% funded by the Autonomous Province of Trento, while 10% comes from private donations. The Consortium works in cooperation with Trentino Spa, the regional DMO, with regard to the regional strategies; there is a lack of attention for marginal areas, such as Valle dei Mocheni. The public administration is structured in four municipalities: Fierozzo, Frassilongo, Palù del Fersina and Sant Orsola Terme. As regards private stakeholders involved in the decision making process, the Cooperative of Small Fruits is the most important player, while craftsmen, traders associations and hotel owners do not actively take part in it. The first attempt at actual network management was made with the experience of the Territorial Pact, a local development initiative implemented by the Province, where all of the local players have been involved. 250

251 The Province of Trento is also about to implement a project to renew mountain chalets and farms, with a great usage of high tech and renewable energy production. Figure 44 Stakeholder map of Valle deimocheni Source: etourism TesinoVanoi The second territory checked by the PP2 is Tesino Vanoi, where the system of local governance was studied. It can be divided in two sub areas, Tesino and Vanoi. As regards tourism, the sub area of Tesino is managed by the Valsugana Tourism Board, which works as the local DMO, with the functions of promotion, marketing and product management. It is financed by public money (60%) and private funds (40%). The company also manages the local destination brand, which refers to the whole area, as a specific brand for Tesino does not exist. Another tourism board, called San Martino di Castrozza - Passo Rolle - Primiero Vanoi, also includes the sub area of Vanoi. In this case 70% of money comes from public administration, while 30% from privates. The local Consortium of Proloco of Vanoi, which works together with the tourism board, also manages a specific brand for Vanoi. The Consortium gathers four proloco associations, and coordinates their activities. With reference to the public administration, there are four municipalities in the area of Tesino and one municipality in Vanoi. In the area of Tesino the most important private stakeholder is a group which manages ski lifts in the area of Broccon, as well as some hotels and a restaurant; the group proposed, with the support of the regional development agency, the project Baite del Lagorai, aimed at improving the bed capacity in the area. In both sub areas, Tesino and Vanoi, the Province of Trento is about to implement a project to renew mountain chalets and farms, with a large usage of high tech 251

252 and renewable energy production. Another private initiative refers to the project Vacanze in Baita, which tries to manage and market the mountain chalets offer of the area. Figure 45 Stakeholder map of TesinoVanoi Source: etourism Valle del Chiese The third territory checked by the PP2 is Valle del Chiese where the system of local governance was studied. The local DMO for Valle del Chiese is the Tourism Consortium, which brings together 16 Proloco associations, 14 municipalities, the local associations of hotels and the BIM, the consortium of municipalities managing the hydrologic basin of the valley. It is mainly financed by the Tourism Department of the Autonomous Province of Trento. The consortium works in synergy with the regional DMO Trentino Spa. Categories which are mainly involved in the decision making process are the BIM, the Valley s Ecomuseum, the cooperative Iniziative&Sviluppo, the municipalities, the Proloco associations, the hotel association and other voluntary associations, banks and private sponsors. Among them, BIM is the most important public stakeholder, because it is fully representative of the valley and manages important funds. An important attempt at network management and stakeholder involvement was made with the experience of the Territorial Pact, a local development initiative implemented by the Province, where all of the local players have been involved. 252

253 Just like in the other two areas, the Province of Trento is about to implement a project to renew mountain chalets and farms, with a large usage of high tech and renewable energy production. Figure 46 Stakeholder map of Valle del Chiese Source: etourism PP3 DevelopmentCentreLitija Governance system in pilot areas Slovenia has not officially got a regional administration like Italy or Austria. That means that under the national level of governance, municipalities are the next official level. They are relatively small and operate with far less financial funding than regional level administrations in the states that have such model. The main financial player and development leaders in the pilot area Jablaniška Dolina are the municipalities Šmartno pri Litiji and Litija, while in the area Dole pri Litiji it is the Litija municipality. The area Velika Planina lies in the municipality of Kamnik. Development Center Litija is an organisation founded in 1999 by the municipality of Litija. Today it appears as a promoter of development in much a wider territory and connects projects with as many as 13 municipalities in the central Slovenian region. Over time, many successful projects have been carried out and the trade mark Srce Slovenije (The heart of Slovenia) was created. Under this brand, projects, initiatives, ideas, products and services are deployed, connected and shared. The development centre is also active in the field of European financial calls. 253

254 Jablaniškadolina The area of Jablaniška dolina is financially and administratively supported by the municipality of Šmartno pri Litiji. Some financial support also comes from the municipality of Litija. Every year the active companies in the area try to obtain as much financial support from the municipality as possible. The main player and most lively company in the valley is LAZ, a rural development company. Development Center Litija also helps tourism development through local, regional, national and, just like in this case, European projects. Moreover, an incoming travel agency called Jarina has been involved, which is supported by the Development Center Litija and at present is much more active in the area of marketing of tourism product and attractions which were deployed within individual projects. It also serves as a local tourist guide and event planner. Those functions are developed at a regional level. At a local level there is another stakeholder who deals with tourism development, namely the Company for Rural Development LAZ. It works as an organiser of the main event Tour along the slopes of Jablaniška valley" at a non-professional level, but it contributes to the promotion of tourism in the area. Some events and public work are carried out by volunteers in the valley. Generally speaking, there is not any organisation in the area which could take care of sustainable tourism development and promotion of tourism on a regular basis. Figure 47 Stakeholder map of JablaniškaDolina Municipality Šmartno pri Litiji -administrative and financial support in one part of the area -source of non government organisations organisations and public projects Municipality Litija -administrative and financial support in one part of the area -source of non government and public projects Public institute Bogenšperk -established by municipality ŠmartnopriLitiji -promotion of tourism in municipality -care for tourism offer in the castle Bogenšperk -not active as a promoter of tourism Jarina (incoming tourist agency) -marketing of local tourist offer -creating/developing tourism products -local guiding founds -local indicative promoter Active societies in the area -LAZ-Society for rural development -Sport Society Dolina -Valuntary fire brigade village Jablanica -Valuntary fire Bridage village Breg Developing center Litija -partner in the project -promoter of development in the area -establish project for European and other Entrepreneurs and companies -cycling shop and service Local community Dole prilitiji The land of charcoal burners is formally part of the Local Community Dole pri Litiji, which belongs to the Municipality of Litija. The Municipality of Litija gives administrative and financial support to the area and represents the main financial source for the NGOs that are active there. The local community of Dole pri Litiji connects companies and entrepreneurs in the area, but at the moment it does not deal with tourism development. A new tourism development organisation is required, which 254

255 could be able to manage and integrate tourism development. The most active stakeholder in the area is the Sport Society Dole pri Litiji, which involves other players in its initiatives through different activities. The main activities of this society include the local ski resort and Charcoal-burning route management. A specific tradition of the area involves charcoal burners activity. Charcoal is in fact a traditional product of the area. Currently, charcoal burners and homesteads are not integrated in one single organisation, which could manage and sell the product land of charcoal in a consistent, sustainable way. Charcoal burners together with Sport Society Dole pri Litiji organise events related to charcoal production and take care of the charcoal-burning route, without receiving much cooperation from other organisations in the area. Each charcoal burner sees to the marketing of charcoal, which is made in a traditional way. Sometimes, Agricultural Cooperative Trebnje contributes as a trade agent. The incoming travel agency Jarina, in cooperation with one Charcoal burner, prepared a vocational training activity for children who walk through a charcoal burning path and learn about charcoal burning. The primary school of the area also works with villagers, organising events and other activities for children. Entrepreneurs and other companies do not contribute to the tourism development of the area. 255

256 MUNICIPALITY LITIJA Figure 48 Stakeholder map of Dole prilitiji DEVELOPMENT CENTER LITIJA ACTIVE SOCIETIES IN THE AREA The societies are important developmentfactor in - administrative and financial support of the area LOCAL COMMUNITY DOLE PRI LITIJI Links the actors in area, but is not active in the field of ENTREPRENEURS AND COMPANIES Still do not contribute to the tourism development areas. PRIMARY SCHOOL DOLE PRI LITIJI Primary school education, linksthe villagers, organize events and different activities for children. Local ski resort Charcoal -burning route Sport society It is the promoter of the area; organises events, links the actors in the area. Manage local ski resort and Charcoal-burning route. Do not deploy and market products. OFFER OF FOOD AND BAVERAGE Voluntary fire brigade in village Dole prilitiji Hunting family in the village Dole prilitiji Society of pensioners in the village Society of Slovenian exiles, local organization Dole prilitiji Local organization of Red cross in the village Gradišče Cultural and art society VenčeslavTa ufer in the village Dole Local organization of Red cross in the village Dole prilitiji Society of country women and girls in the village Dole prilitiji Society of country youngsters Hribci Incoming travel agencyjarina Agricultural cooperative Trebnje Restaurant Celestina Marketing of tourism product - educational learning path CHARCOAL BURNERS AND CHARCOAL HOMESTEAD Cook charcoal in charcoal heat on traditional way. It purchases traditional product charcoal. Tourism on farm Pr` Krjan 256

257 Velikaplanina The area of Velika Planina is financially and administratively supported by the municipality of Kamnik. The municipality is the owner of the company Velika planina d.o.o., which manages the ski lifts. The company does not have any capital for renovating old infrastructure and is highly dependent on donations and public money. The company is also registered as a tourism agency, and in the summer it hosts many organised groups, which are interested in trekking, hiking and mountain landscape. The company and the whole area are promoted in tourism fairs in Slovenia and abroad. The Municipality of Kamnik also owns a museum in the shepherd settlement, which is managed by the company Velika Planina. The agency for the development of tourism and business is also partly funded by the municipality. It is active in the field of development and promotion of tourism in municipalities. It also organises programmes and tours for groups. The company Lebel d.o.o. offers sledging, ski school and rents out equipment. In the summer it offers exciting activities. The company Alpe Jadran d.o.o. is the biggest provider of huts to rent. Farmers and shepherds are organised in mountain pasture communities (Velika planina, Mala planina and Gojška planina), which represent their activities. Pasture communities also organise public activities such as tree cutting, maintenance of fences and roads, etc. It is important that farmers care for the preservation of cultural land and keep the area alive and interesting for tourists. Some shepherds offer milk and dairy products. Mountain societies also own two big huts. Huts are rented to the providers of food and beverages, while the above mentioned societies take care of trekking paths. Rigelj Society brings together the hut owners and Bajtar Society organises the rental of shepherds houses. There are some providers of food and beverage which are not connected or organised. The Ministry of Agriculture supports mountain grazing through financial grants; the Institute for Preservation of Culture takes care of guidelines for culture preservation, while the Institute for Nature Preservation issues guidelines for nature protection. The Regional Park Kamniško-Savinjske Alpe, which is at present on the way to being established, will play an important role in the future. The park will be registered by law as an important player which will have direct and indirect influence on the main factors in the area. There are not any general managers or activity coordinators in the area at the moment, so it is difficult to represent the area in public, and this is an obstacle for development. At this stage Velika planina, d.o.o. can be considered the main player. 257

258 PILOT AREA VELIKA PLANINA Figure 49 Stakeholder map of VelikaPlanina AGENCY FOR TOURISM AND BUSINESS KAMNIK -development factor in municipality Players, factors REGIONAL PARK (in establishing state) - natural preservation - managing? -promotion of tourism - destination management MUNICIPALITY KAMNIK - development of the area - owner of some land area - owner of the V.P. d.o.o. company MOUNTAIN PASTURES COMMUNITIES - Velikaplanina, - Mala planina, - Gojškaplanina COMPANY VELIKA PLANINA D.O.O. (V.P.) - ski resort (ropes) infrastructure (out of date), - food and beverage, - tourism (also agency)-organised groups, SOCIETIES - important factor in the area - organisation of different events - members own huts and other accommodation facilitites FOOD AND BEVERAGE Providers: - Zeleni rob - Jarškidom GOVERNMENT LABEL d.o.o. MOUNTAIN SOCIETITES OTHER SOCIETIES: - Ministry of agriculture (funding) - provider of sleeding - Kamnik - Rigel, - Institute for preserving nature (nature protection guidelines) -Institute for culture (guidelines - ski school - summer adrenalin park - Domžale, - Črnuče, - Bajtar Organisation of different events

259 PP4 BohemianSwitzerland Bohemian Switzerland PBO is a non-governamental organisation, which currently acts as the Destination Management Organisation of the area. Its board of directors is made up of 12 members, as shown in the figure below. Bohemian Switzerland is responsible for strategic decisions as far as regional development, sustainable tourism, environmental education, carrying capacity, etc are concerned. Its functions involve marketing and PR agency, product development and implementation, fundraising, information and guide services and educational services. Bohemian Switzerland PBO aims to enhance synergy and coordination in destination marketing, integrated regional mobility, project and product development. The organisation is financed by EU grants for tourism and other projects (50%), contributions of the destination fund members (10%), sales of services and products (books, guiding services, 40%). The annual budget amounts to about 1 million. Bohemian Switzerland PBO has a contract with the destination members who pay for coordinated marketing, mobility and product development including project designing. Bohemian Switzerland PBO has three founders (one city, one NGO, the National Park) which appoint 12 chair members independent from the Destination Fund structure with regard to regional development. Figure 50 Stakeholder map of Bohemian Switzerland The Destination Fund (DF) has a Local Guide Group which acts as a Steering Committee (SC), an advisory body for tourism matters of BS PBO: its decisions are recommended but not compulsory. 259

260 As regards representation, all of the members have been chosen on the basis of the tourism strategy and appointed by the chairman of BS PBO; there are three working groups for marketing, mobility and products which help the Bohemian Switzerland PBO executive team in practical decisions within the DF/SC approved strategy. The responsibility of the Destination Fund Steering Committee deals with strategic coordination of activities in tourism, while DF members are responsible for controlling the usage of their contribution. In the category marketing, Destination Fund involves 55 members, which are big and small entrepreneurs, mainly hotels. In the category development DF has 10 members, among which the municipalities and NGOs are represented. Two important stakeholders are also the National Park Administration, which is responsible for the conservation and recreation of the NP area, and the Regional Government, which also deals with tourism policy. Both are financed by the state and contribute to the destination fund. In the area there are about 100 stakeholders, taking into account entrepreneurs, municipalities, and the administrations of protected areas. 25 of them are actively involved in decision-making, i.e. 10 key municipalities, 10 key entrepreneurs, the National Park administration. There are 10 key decision makers: DMO, DMO founders (National Park Administration, city council, NGO), regional authority, sponsors, 2 key municipalities, 2 key entrepreneurs PP5 OpolskieVoivodeship Tourism governance system in Poland The main Ministry responsible for tourism development in Poland is the Ministry of Economy and Employment (Tourism Department) whose main tasks are tourism land management and the relation with tourism market. In the national budget there are two expenditure sections connected with tourism: popularisation of tourism other activities (particularly activities connected with the creation and renovation of tourism trails) It is must be mentioned here that a lot of tasks and activities which have a direct or indirect influence on tourism development are under the control of other ministries (Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Ministry of Environmental Protection and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas Development). The lack of one coherent structure at a national level leaves a kind of management disorder at regional and local level. In order to ensure some uniform brand development direction for Polish tourism in 1999, the Polish Tourism Organisation was founded. It is responsible for: promotion of Poland as a tourism destination country ensuring the development of the Polish information system within Poland and abroad development plans of tourism infrastructure The goals of the Polish Tourism Organisation are reached simultaneously with actions which are undertaken by regional and local tourism organisations. Regional tourism organisations constitute a cooperation platform for the local governments, they are autonomous. They are used as instruments by territorial governments. 260

261 Regional organisations aim to: coordinate promotional activities in the region create a regional information system promote regional tourism attractions stimulate the creation of a tourism product support the development plans in terms of tourism infrastructure in the region educate the staff for tourism purposes lead the research and analysis in the tourism sector. Local organisation aim to: social integration for tourism development promotion of local attractions leading local tourism information points The Polish Tourism Organisation and regional and local organisations are focused almost exclusively on promotion and information activities. They are not able to influence the entrepreneurship development in the tourism sector. Figure 51 Polish tourism system Ministry of Economy and Employment Tourism Department Polish Tourism Organisation Voivodeship Office Regional Tourism Organisations Hotels, tourism organisations transport services, travel Local Tourism Organisations Municipalities and Local Action Groups Local Action Groups (LAG) which derive from Village Renewal groups have become a very important player in terms of tourism development in rural areas. Local Action Groups are created on the basis of cooperation among municipalities which set common development goals in their local strategies. Tourism development of the territory constitutes one of LAG s most important goals. 261

262 Strategies of Local Action Groups must be accepted by the regional government (Marshal s Office) in terms of its accordance with the regional development strategy. Local Action Groups are responsible for the selection of activities to be implemented in their territory and develop their own cooperation projects. These decisions have to be accepted by the Marshal s Office, which is responsible for transferring funds to final beneficiaries which implement the activities and projects. Recognising the key importance of the local action groups should lead to the transition from the traditional approach towards a bottom up approach. Figure 52 Municipalities and Local Action Groups Figure 53 From traditional approach to bottom up approach 262

263 Dinosaur s Land The first pilot territory is called Dinosaur s Land as excavations brought to light important paleontological remains. There are few main players in the area: the Marshal s Office has a regional government influence on the dinosaurs excavations in Krasiejów. Two representatives of the Voivodeship board (Marshal s Office) are members of the board of the Dinopark Association. They have direct influence on decisions connected to the management of the territory. Other members of the Dinopark association are municipalities (Ozimek, Kolonowskie) where the excavations are located. These two municipalities created the local action group Dinosaurs Land - which refers directly to the main tourism resource (dinosaurs excavations). The problem which appears here is the lack of common strategy and brand between the Dinopark Association, the Local Action Group Dinosaurs Land and the private investor Delta Association which will soon build JURAPARK in the area using a different brand and acting separately. Moreover, the activities of the Local Action Group are focused almost exclusively on the excavations, thus ignoring other resources such as trails, active holidays and hospitality. Figure 54 Stakeholder map of Dinosaur s Land KluczborkOlesno Land The second pilot area Kluczbork Olesno Land is worth mentioning because of the presence of the Local Tourism Organisation (the only one in the region). 263

264 Created on the basis of the cooperation between two neighbouring poviats (counties), it has achieved some success in terms of the creation of local tourism products. It has recently undertaken an initiative of tourism cluster (called Milk and Honey Land). Even though the territory constitutes a unit (history and traditions), 2 local action groups were created. Lack of cooperation and understanding among some municipalities could cause some problems and it seems necessary to work towards the creation of a common brand, a strong destination image and the implementation of some pilot projects. Figure 55 Stakeholder map of KluczborkOlesno Land PP6 Usti Region In this area Destination Management Organisations are not present and only public bodies are directly involved in the decision making process. Local development has been supported by the allocation of public resources for the promotion of cultural and social events by the region Ústí nad Labem. Investments are also allocated through external donors, above all Severočeské doly a.s., (The North Bohemia Mines) which owns the pilot area and has the concession for coal mining and supports the development of the municipalities. For this reason, it will be necessary to involve this private company in the decision making process regarding the future development of the area and in the pilot projects. There are also some associations which are active in the area, which organise social events and support the social connections to be involved in the activities in the area. Municipalities have a good chance of obtaining subsidies from the Czech Government for the revitalisation of the areas affected by coal mining. Dozens of investment projects are planned, which aim to the reconstruction and development of infrastructure, building of engineering communications and service pipelines for new constructions, cycle paths, parks and other activities. 264

265 Figure 56 Stakeholder map of Podkrušnohoří Pilot Area PP7 Lamoro In Alessandria no specific institution represents the role of a DMO. The municipality, with its network of Civic museums based in rural areas, can be the driving force to develop the tourism potential of little villages surrounding the municipality and belonging to the same social health consortium. Alessandria, in cooperation with the Chamber of Commerce, the University and local trade associations, has founded the Association Alessandria 2018, with the objective of creating a strategic development plan where tourism plays an important role. The hotels and tour operators are grouped into two main consortia that are directly connected with the main agency for tourism promotion in the province, Alexala, whose members are the municipalities, the Chamber of Commerce and the Province. Figure 57 Stakeholder map of the area of CISSACA Consortium 265

266 PP8 - LandkreisForchheim Some of the municipalities of the pilot territory are official members of the tourism association Franconian Switzerland while local players such as distillers, brewers, gastronomers, renters of holiday flats and direct marketers are members of the association Rund ums Walberlae.V. which they established in About 40 important stakeholders act in the area, including mayors, gastronomers, hotel managers, direct marketers, distillers, brewers, FränkischeSchweizVerein, country and costume associations as well as regional authorities and regional networks. The Leader Project local action group is organised as an association. One of the main criticalities involves the decision-making process, because each of the players is a partner in several networks and associations, and sometimes there are multiple connections and decision-making processes. Thus, the intensity of informal cooperation and decisionmaking is high, whereas formal and standardised processes are low. About 10 to 15 important stakeholders (7 mayors, the steering group of Walberla association, the head of the gastronomy association, heads of Franconian Switzerland association) are involved in governance decisions. Actions and projects are supported by private players, the Public Administration, banks (e.g. Sparkasse, Raiffeisenbank), foundations (e.g. Kirchenstiftungen), the national renewing programme for rural local communities and EU funds such as LEADER and ERDF. With reference to tourism development strategies, the regional mission statement for the Franconian Switzerland also applies to the pilot territory: a tourist card is available for the whole territory of Franconian Switzerland (for specific attractions), as well as the regional destination brand. The local municipalities do not have enough power (money, staff) to enhance tourism development; because of this reason, two mayors are not interested in activities in the tourism sector and delegate the activities to the voluntary players of the Walberla association or the tourism association Franconian Switzerland. 266

267 At the moment, there is a generation change in the Walberla association; its founders who started the activities about 10 years ago are aged around 60 or 60+. The successful activities of the Walberla association have been up to now intuitive, i.e. without a mission statement or development concept, but only based on a voluntary basis. The logo of Walberlamountain is available for the partners of the Walberla association, while further logos are created for single projects as the LEADER project cultural path Franconian Switzerland. At the moment, the intensity of the engagement in tourism is quite different among the seven mayors in the pilot area, but at least 50% of them have seen a real economic perspective in tourism and started specific activities; they are highly interested in the LISTEN project and in taking part in it, as they see a chance for the improvement of local development and for future tourism activities through the exchange with EU partners and the impulse of the project. The others prefer to leave things as they are. Figure 58 Stakeholder map of LandkreisForchheim Pilot Area The LISTEN project Local politicians (mayors) Public administration 267

268 Associations, networks etc.) Entrepreneurs (gastronomers, brewers+distillers, hotel owners/flat renters, farmers Universities, consultants etc. Member / Partly member of Walberlae.V. Member / Partly member of the LISTEN Local Guide Group PP9 University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna The governance structure in the region is very complex. There are several tourism associations which fit in a holistic scheme, but coordination takes a lot of time, resulting in the system to be quite lethargic. The ökoenergieland GmbH is mainly influenced by three main clusters or associations. One cluster is dominated by regional tourism associations. Via the Südburgenland Plus association - a permanent Leader and an institution supported by the federal state the ökoenergielandcooperates with several regional projects. The federal tourism association of Burgenland is influencing the ökoenergieland GmbH directly because it is a founder. Moreover, founding members of the ökoenergieland GmbH are the third cluster which consists of the EEE and the former ökoenergieland association. Cooperation has been intense for many years, so there is a common understanding of what is going to be done and how ithas to be done. Figure 59 Regional governance structure of ökoenergieland 268

269 The most relevant regional LISTEN project partners are listed in the middle row (see below) and these are the partners which directly influence the LISTEN project. Nevertheless, there is a cooperation lack in the region which is caused by regional competitiveness. In the planning of pilot actions, one of the most important working fields will address this issue. Figure 60 Stakeholder mapof ökoenergieland 269

270 3.3. Governance tools for sustainable tourism development in rural villages Actions of destination management When we deal with destination management there are 4 main dimensions that we have to take into consideration: 1. how to create incoming tourism: destination management is the combination of strategy and tools for the reaching, attraction and management of the flows of tourism needed in the destination to support local economic activities, but, at the same time, preservation of the environment from the risks of exploitation and excessive carrying capacity; 2. managing the brand and the symbolic values of the destination: the destination management activities deal with promotion and communication processes in order to reach the targeted market. Communication activities will be focused on highlighting not only the attractions of the territories, but also on giving clear indications about the activities and the experiences that are available during the holiday in the destination; 3. managing the relations with the stakeholders: the destination management is meant to facilitate the integration among local players, both private and public, in order to establish a network configuration of the destination tourism offer. The relations among the stakeholders become strategic and the destination management activities should influence the way in which entrepreneurs cooperate and deal with the local DMO; 4. evaluation of tourism impact on the local system: the destinations should not only focus on the economic impact of tourism, but also on the other types of impact related to sustainability in terms of social and environmental consequences. For these reasons, the implementation of a tourism development strategy has to consider the involvement of the local population in the tourism exchanges and the exploitation of natural resources involved in tourism development 270

271 in order to achieve a correct balance of factors and a long-lasting opportunity for the destination. For the above mentioned reasons, the destination management organisation appointed for the development of tourism has to work closely with the tourism department of the local government to implement its strategy. Therefore, if the regional or local government has to define the framework of the destination management organisation (DMO), its rules and organisation (funding, bodies) in the specific areas of action of the DMO will be: 1. The creation of products directly linked to specific targeted markets; 2. The development of competencies among the stakeholders of the territories to achieve better results through innovation; 3. The definition of quality standards in order to improve service; 4. The application of sustainability indicators to the tourism projects; 5. The integration with the tourism policy at a regional and/or national level Destination management and sustainability indicators In order to understand the way a DMO should work on a destination taking into consideration the sustainability of tourism development, an interesting example comes from the evaluation and assessment of the management of protected areas (PAs), which usually integrates a strong focus on the planning and processes that can deliver sustainable outcome. PAs are particularly relevant for sustainability studies since, because of their legal and management mandates, they are increasingly expected to serve as demonstration grounds for Sustainable Development (SD) principles, where human development and the preservation of natural resources can coexist. Moreover, their special or well preserved natural features are usually strong attractions for tourism, which is then commonly put forward as a popular or logical opportunity for development for these territories. It is commonly acknowledged that, if well managed, tourism can constitute a powerful tool for economic or social development, but also for conservation. We may also check different approaches such as Agenda 21 which had a chapter (Ch. 40) named Information on Decision Making urging national, international governmental and non governmental organisations to develop SDIs (sustainable development index) to improve information on decision-making, based on the approach that you can only manage what you can measure. Since then, a boom of initiatives of indicator frameworks has taken place. The Compendium of Indicator Initiatives of the International Institute for Sustainable Development lists over 800 initiatives from around the world which are involved in the development of Sustainable Development Indicators (SDIs) 18. Indicators are now at the heart of the debate of most issues involving SD, from local to global issues. Table 1 summarises the 1996 and 2004 STI frameworks of the World Tourism Organisation (WTO, 1996, 2004) as well as the more recent of the EU s Tourism Sustainability Group (Tourism Sustainability Group, 2007). These frameworks were developed for a wide application in international contexts. The WTO 2004 framework is definitely a step forward if compared to its previous 1996 version. It specifies more topics and focuses on more issues than its overly general first version. Its in November 2008 ( 271

272 concern expanded from mostly environmental issues to a more general triple bottom line (TBL) approach by taking into consideration the social, environmental and economic impact of tourism - though still with a predominance in the attention to the environmental impact. Interestingly, both WTO frameworks present supplementary issues for PAs, thus demonstrating the importance of these areas as tourism destinations. The predominance of state indicators is clear, with most issues focusing on different types of impact on the environment, economy and, at a less relevant level, communities. On the other hand, the verification of operational aspects is minimal, as it was limited to planning process in 1996;it slightly expanded to include marketing and management in 2005 as well as the degree of cooperation with communities. Table 161 Management effectiveness frameworks. Adapted from Cifuentes&Izurieta (1999); Courrau (1999); Ervin (2003b); Hockings & Dudley (2007); and Stolton et al. Core Indicators 1. Site protection 2. Stress 3. Use intensity 4. Social impact 5. Development control 6. Waste management 7. Planning process 8. Critical ecosystems 9. Consumer satisfaction 10. Local satisfaction 11. Tourism contribution to local economy Composite Indices Carrying capacity Site stress Attractiveness Supplementary issues for Managed Wildlife Parks: Poor species help Overcrowding Human encroachment Poaching Lack of safety Supplementary issues for Baseline issues and indicators Local satisfaction with tourism Effects of tourism on communities Sustaining tourist satisfaction Tourism seasonality Economic benefits of tourism Energy management Water availability and conservation Drinking water quality Sewage treatment Solid waste management Development control Controlling use intensity Specific issues and indicators for Parks and Protected Areas Visitor numbers Integrity of key protected systems Damage attributable to visitor activity Level of visitor control and monitoring Marketing Management Specific issues and indicators for Communities within or adjacent to protected areas Impact of the community activity on the park - its management and protection Impact of the park on the residents of the community Coreindicators: - Total visitor arrivals or bednights per month - Total day visitor estimated per annum or per month - Number of bedspaces (by accommodation type) - Annual average % bedspace and bedroom occupancy of accommodation - Average spending per head - Percentage of bedspaces available all year round - Ratio of average occupancy (or total bed nights) in the busiest and least busy 3 months - Number of bedspaces per 1000 local population - Ratio of number of tourists to local population - Average lengthof stay - Percentage of visitors arriving by means of transport other than car or plane - Percentage of seasonal tourism-related jobs - Average hourly earnings in tourism as ratio of all industry hourly earnings - Percentage residents indicating that they are satisfied with local impact of tourism - Percentage of enterprises with recognised environmental certification - Water consumption (Total or sum from tourism) total and in the busiest period - Water quality (sea and freshwater areas) - Quantity of strewn litter in selected sites - Environmental state of selected sites - Percentage of selected types of precious landscape area (e.g. length of coastline) that is built upon - Percentage tourism enterprises participating in the quality certification scheme - Percentage visitors indicating that they are satisfied with the overall experience - Percentage tourism enterprises meeting specified accessibility standards - Presence of a destination management organisation involving different stakeholders - Percentage of businesses belonging to local tourism associations - Existence of an agreed and monitored sustainable tourism strategy and action plan 272

273 Unique Ecological Sites: Ecosystemdegradation Degree to which co-planning and management is performed Level of cooperation between the protected area and the gateway or park community 3.4. Destination Management Organisation (DMO) The experiences in Europe, America and Australia show three main models of Destination Management Organisation: 1. Institutional bodies made up of the local public authority and the Chamber of Commerce representing the private sectors; 2. Organisations made up of private entrepreneurs (through their associations) together with the local public authorities; 3. Organisations of the National Government with different branches in each destination. The form of the DMO depends on the national legislation, the current stage of tourism development, the importance of tourism in the strategy of local development. The more tourism is strategic for the local development, the more important the role of the DMO in the territory would be. However, in order to have an appropriate balance within the DMO and be able to operate at the same time, it is important to follow these guidelines: A high level of representation of the stakeholders of the destination; A coherent budget to fulfill targets; An appropriate organisational structure in terms of roles, functions and competencies; A clear input from the Local government to operate in order to implement strategies and action in the destination. In principle, however, DMOs should be created with an institutional structure or support that gives them legitimacy, capacity, but also the specific requirement to manage through SD principles. Unless they lose their status, the territories involved in the LISTEN project do not normally have any other alternatives of less sustainable forms of land management.in sum, some conclusions can be drawn: 1. tourism might not be the only one element, but it is a key element in ecological, social, economic events in these areas; 2. all of these dimensions are interconnected and the DMO has direct management responsibilities in their balance; 3. the DMO is institutionally tied to sustainability principles. It can also be argued that the managing and monitoring approaches developed by the DMO can provide valuable insights, perspectives or practices that could prove useful for general sustainable tourism development. The main elements that a DMO should incorporate in its action are: 1. design issues i.e. context and planning; 2. appropriateness of management systems and processes i.e. input and process; 273

274 3. delivery of objectives i.e. output and outcome. 19 Figure 61 Framework for assessing DMO effectiveness. Source: Hockings et al. (2000). Table 162 Key steps, criteria and focus of evaluation. Adapted from Hockings et al. (2002). Elements of evaluation Context Planning Input Process Output Outcome Explanation Where are we now? Assessment of importance, threats and policy environment Where do we want to be? Assessment of PA design and planning What do we need? Assessment of resources needed to carry out management How do we go about it? Assessment of the way in which management is conducted What were the results? Assessment of the implementation of management programmes and actions; delivery of products and services. What did we achieve? Assessment of the outcomes and the extent to which they achieved objectives Criteria that are assessed Significance Threats Vulnerability National context PA legislation and policy PA system design Management planning Resourcing of agency Resourcing of site Partners Suitability of management processes Results of management actions Services and products Impacts: effects of management in relation to objectives Nevertheless, these approaches are not intended to exclude or replace quantitative monitoring methods.they are aimed at addressing DMO aspects in which quantitative methods are not adequate, possible or fully able to provide meaningful results. In fact, perhaps the most significant feature of these frameworks is how they all acknowledge and highlight the need to equally monitor and look for 19 Hockings et al., 2000, p

275 indicators to an extent that goes beyond the measuring of output, key variables or environmental threats. There is the implicit recognition that not only the natural environment must be considered, but also the social and institutional environment which have an important influence on the performance. By monitoring variables in these dimensions, a DMO can redirect its efforts to where its need is felt, by re allocating resources, raising support and awareness, engaging the community and/or politicians, etc. The frameworks provide several examples of such variables, corresponding to the important process indicators of a DMO. These include institutional issues like: laws and regulations, land tenure, administrative autonomy, intra and inter institutional support and relations, organisation, management and operational plans, financing, research programmes, legal status, staff numbers, etc. Moreover, the frameworks pay particular attention to a series of human issues, including: the training level of staff, satisfaction, education and awareness of staff and stakeholders, key members of community, indigenous people, political representatives, etc. Although probably most of these could be interpreted as state indicators if they are treated as goals that DMO should aim to, they are first and foremost process indicators in the sense that they will drive and affect most of the management process. Naturally, the frameworks that have been presented show to have a wide comprehensive approach to DMO activities and were not created to address specifically tourism issues. Tourism can be one of the elements taken into consideration. Figure 62 A working framework for comprehensive ST assessment, planning and evaluation As has been done within the framework of the LISTEN project, the beginning of any sustainable development (ST) approach will begin inevitably by a stage of context assessment ( where are we now ) and planning ( where do we want to be ), corresponding to the Design/Planning theme of the framework. This would incorporate traditional tourism issues like the number of bedspaces, occupational rates, average spending or visitor satisfaction, as well as specific ST issues like the residents satisfaction, ratio of businesses to environmental management systems in place, the means of transport used by the visitors. The definition of targets for these subjects through consultation or participatory approaches - which is the aim of the Local Guide Group in each pilot territory - would then provide the desired outcome against which the output would be measured, thus setting a close operational link between the Design and Delivery elements. 275

276 Likewise, a strong link exists between the Planning ( where do we want to be ) and Input ( what do we need ) stages. The framework becomes particularly useful for its analysis of the key root issues affecting the implementation of sustainability management strategies,which range from issues regarding the staff (including numbers and training levels), funding and security, infrastructure and equipment or availability of information. These seem fairly obvious issues to consider for any sustainable strategy, but unfortunately they are not usually treated as indicators which are worth monitoring - and whose standards are shared - in most STIs frameworks, although there are no reasons why they should not be taken into view. Issues regarding staff, funding, infrastructure or information, however, would instead correspond to the definition of process indicators that has been presented, i.e. as factors influencing or affecting the state of the system rather than being the final objectives. These, however, are issues that should be considered and debated during the Planning stage, so that measures and strategies could be put in place to secure such resources. As the name implies, process indicators are also the main elements of the Processelement which are focused on the question of how do we go about it, or the suitability of management processes. Topics include issues of governance and capacity, law enforcement, stakeholder relations (including community support and participation as well as intra-and inter-institutional support), management practices, legal frameworks and administrative autonomies, research and monitoring, etc. Their effectiveness, due to their complexity, is usually assessed through qualitative approaches and ratings of perceptions from knowledgeable individuals that can provide meaningful insights and hands onexperience into the complexities of the existing processes. The adequacy or appropriateness of the processes also havean obvious connection with the Delivery element of ST management, for their direct and indirect impact on output and outcome. The responsibility of the DMO is strong where resources provide a competitive advantage. In this case the destination is able to use these resources effectively in the long run. A destination rich in resources may not be as competitive as a destination that lacks resources but uses them though scarce in number - much more effectively. By stating this, we want to say that if a destination which has a prospective view in tourism shares this view with all of the stakeholders, understands its strengths as well as its weaknesses, develops an appropriate marketing strategy and implements it successfully, it could become more competitive than a destination which has never asked what role tourism can play in its economic and social development. Despite the central role of the government and industrial associations, the collective actions of the many thousands of individual tourism-related enterprises have the greatest impact on the deployment of resources. Government actions may constrain the way in which resources are used, but within these constraints firms decide precisely where and how the resources will be deployed. Special interest groups such as environmental organisations, community associations, consumer groups, recreational associations and others are often vigilant in expressing their views on tourism development, particularly when it involves perception of adverse ecological, social and cultural impact. Tourism resources are likely to be used more effectively when the different ways of deployment share a common view regarding a destination s strategy for tourism development. The mobilisation or deployment of resources for competitive advantage may be considered to consist of five elements: first of all, an audit or inventory of resources is required before they can be deployed appropriately. This involves more than just the cataloguing and listing of resources, as understanding the capacity and capability of the resources is crucial:this includes the limitation and consequences of the use of the resources. The maintenance of the resources is the second element: the stock of the resources must be maintained in an appropriate way to fight undue deterioration andfacilitate sustainability. For man-maderesources in particular, actions that facilitate the growth and 276

277 development of the stock of these resources are important; finally, the efficiency and effectiveness of resource deployment create competitive advantage. In summary, destination competitiveness and performance are linked in many ways. They combine both comparative and competitive advantages, i.e. the endowed factors (both naturally, occurring and creating), and the ability to mobilise and deploy these factors, respectively. A DMO may be judged to be successful if it has achieved to balance a desired level of economic turnover with desired levels of preservation or enhancement of environmental and cultural integrity. The challenge that faces policy makers within the DMO is to establish goals that reflect the values and ambitions of destination stakeholders and then promote a policy framework that supports the achievement of these goals. If we want to summarise, the achievement of destination success is the shared responsibility of everyone. Without the local authority s full commitment, it seems clear that the DMO would have serious problems to fulfill its targets. However, if the local authority is ready to join the tourism development process, the only way to put the strategy into practice is the creation of a strong alliance with the stakeholders in the territory, as tourism is the only economic sector which binds all the resources of a place together and cannot be planned without a strong cooperation. If we look at international cases, the main results of a DMO, which are related to its main responsibilities, are: 1. Creating the brand value of the destination and its positioning on the tourism market. This means that great emphasis must be laid on a strong brand image with clearly identified, designed brand values that resonate with key target segments; 2. Product management or creation of the tourism offer: more direct engagement with the customers to identify what motivates them to go on holiday, anticipate their needs and fulfill their aspirations; 3. The establishment of ongoing, direct, two-way and networking consumer communication channels, and for key customer relationship strategies to take place with the possible development of mass customisation marketing and delivery capabilities; 4. Greater efforts in the creation and promotion of holiday experiences that link key brand values and assets with the holiday aspirations and needs of key customers Governance tools for LISTEN pilot areas The model Following the general community destination management model and the comparative analysis of the governance assets of the LISTEN areas, the roles of local institutions, DMOs and local groups, a governance model for rural destinations has been elaborated in order to follow the path to sustainable tourism development. This proposal has been adapted to the specific characteristics of each pilot area, as will be described below. Every area has its own specific approach and relations within the territory, different legislative frameworks and level of tourism development. 277

278 The efforts of the PP2 have been towards the description of a meta - management tool which can be adapted to each area while contributing to the local development related to sustainable tourism. It should follow the example of the best experiences that have been made on an international scale and try to avoid mistakes that were made by other territories in the past. If we leave aside the tourism development policy that is undertaken at a regional and national level, we rate the institutions responsible for the management of tourism development in the destination to be the key players in the local tourism governance. We are making reference to project partners, which have the responsibility for the Listen Project actions and pilot projects, and the local destination management organisation - where it exists. For those territories where there is not yet a proper DMO, the model will also suggest a possible way of creating it. Representatives of the Project Partner, DMO and Local Guide Group will create a Task Force (TF) for the implementation of the LISTEN pilot projects. This group should be an executive board, made up of 5/10 key stakeholders in each pilot area, coordinated by a representative from the PP. While the Local Guide Group has the role of defining the possible pilot projects to be implemented in Wp4, the role of the task force is to manage the pilot project implementation during the development of the project and evaluate the sustainability of the process, with reference to the indicators described by the PP9. This means, for example, that if pilot projects within the LISTEN framework focus on some specific aspects of tourism development, only the organisations which are really interested in them will join the Task Force. In the territories where tourism governance still lacks a leadership and management tools, the Listen Task Force could become the first step towards the creation of a real DMO. The Public Administration is represented in all Task Forces. It also establishes a separate organ, the Board of Mayors, which gives political orientation, supervises and legitimates the TF s action. Figure 63 Governance model for LISTEN areas Source: etourism 278

279 LP Autonomous Province of Trento Trentino Spa, which is the regional DMO in charge at a provincial level represented in the LISTEN Core Group, is responsible for the promotion and marketing of all of the three pilot areas. In each one of them there is a local DMO, which is set as a consortium of local tourism associations. The only exception is TesinoVanoi, which is made up of two sub areas: in this case there are two local DMOs, i.e. the Valsugana Tourism Board in charge of the area of Tesino, while an independent consortium operates in Vanoi. As a consequence, there does not seem to be a need to create new institutions, while it could be necessary to legitimate an informal Task Force made up of representatives of key stakeholders, as shown in the figure, under the LP coordination in order to implement pilot projects. Figure 64 Governance model for LP Source: etourism PP3 Development Centre Litija The fact that regional level of administration does not exist in Slovenia also implies the lack of a regional DMO. Development Centre Litija can take responsibility for governance actions in the context of LISTEN project, coordinate the creation and manage the activity of local Task Forces in pilot areas. At the moment Development Center Litija is not ready to deal with the functions of DMO, and in order to be successful on that field it would need to be reorganized, and possibly grow to the size of a larger organization than today. Task Forces would possibly become active branches of central DMO. 279

280 Local Guide Groups of the three areas, Jablaniškadolina, Dole prilitiji and Velikaplanina, will have to give birth to local executive groups together with those institutions which have been elected as managers of each pilot area: Manager in the pilot area Jablaniškadolina becomes Institute Bogenšperk Manager of the pilot area Dole prilitiji, becomes Local community Dole Manager of the pilot area Velikaplanina becomes Agency for tourism and business Kamnik Municipalities will have to monitor actions and activities of Listen Task Forces. They will also have to validate their activity politically. Municipalities are informed about the actions done in the project we forwarded documentation about past and future planed actions to them but only as a request for co-financing. The members of the municipalities did not get active any role within the project Listen. At the moment the aforementioned organizations do not have any specific know-how and resources to manage the area and market tourism product. In all of the three institutions reorganisationis needed, as well as the employment of extra staff, the search for additional financial sources, formal rights for the management of the area, etc. That is why earlier support and consensus from the municipality are particularly important. At a national level, it is important to establish a relationship with the Slovenian Tourism Organisation and include the LISTEN destinations in its marketing and promotion activity. Development Centre Litija seems to be the subject in charge of this networking action. Figure 65 Governance model for PP3 Source: etourism PP4 Bohemian Switzerland A Destination Management Organisation is already in charge in Bohemian Switzerland. It is made up of an NGO of 65 members,with a board of directors of 12 members (national park director, city mayors, public officers, politicians at regional and national level). The NGO assigns a strategic plan and a budget to the Secretariate with specific tasks including destination marketing, integrated regional mobility, product development and research. The Secretariate s actions are evaluated according to the results that are brought to the NGO.At this stage it seems that the governance model already existent may be suitable to develop the pilot projects, as it is very well structured and focused on results. 280

281 In this case, the Task Force will be made up of representatives from the Bohemian Switzerland executive board and a tourism consultant; the Local Guide Group will have to monitor and validate its action. Figure 66 Governance model for PP4 Source: etourism PP5 OpolskieVoivodeship A new governance asset needs to be implemented, as an organisation fully committed to the tourism development in pilot territories does not exist. The starting point would probably be the Marshall s Office although many responsibilities that influence tourism development are within the control of the local government. In Dinosaur s Land Pilot Area it is important to stimulate the creation of a new organisation, in which KrajnaDinozaurow association, Dinopark association and the private investor Delta Associationcould gather together. Otherwise, the risk is that small entrepreneurs will not take part in the tourism development process. This means that the Local Authority should create the conditions for small businesses to gain access to the network of the providers of the Dinosaur s Park (accommodation, restaurant, other services) and the local farmers should supply with local products. At the same time private investors should help the territory by investing in some important sectors, such as sewage and water treatment, which are strategic for the area. Within a new born DMO the different tasks could also be shared and assigned to different groups; for example, the associations could take care of territorial animation and the organisation of events, while Dinopark, together with the private investor, could manage the Park. Moreover, the DMO will also have to manage a single brand for the whole destination. The Task Force for the Listen Pilot Projects will be made up of representatives of different stakeholders, as shown in the figure, while the Local Guide Group, also represented, will have to monitor and contribute to the Pilot Project implementation. In the Pilot Area Honey and Milk Land the governance asset is a lot simpler.the Local Tourism Organisation, together with the existent Local Action Groups, has the chance to create a DMO; the first step in this process will be the creation of the informal Task Force, as shown in the figure. 281

282 Figure 67 Governance model for PP5 Source: etourism PP6 Usti Regio One of the key points of the governance proposal in the PP6 pilot area regards the importance of involving Severočeskédolya.s.which has a cooperative approach, as well as enhancing the involvement of the local associations. At the moment there is not any Destination Management Organisation in the area and the awareness towards the benefit of tourism in the local authority is low. If the possibility to access substantial funds in the future is considered, the need of establishing a strong meta management company seems to be even more urgent. PP6 s Task Force will have to be created by starting from the alliance of the associations, entrepreneurs, municipalities, Regional Chamber and Mining Company. It may coincide with the Local Guide Group, but in this case, within the LGG, an executive group must have the chance to make decisions - monitored and validated by a wider board - and act quickly. As the mining concessions will be valid until 2070, it seems important to understand which the values connected with mining are and the perspective of the population and this may even provide some important suggestions for the pilot projects. People have already met to discuss about some future projects and it seems that coal mining and its relation with tourism will have to be the common thread. 282

283 Figure 68 Governance model for PP6 Source: etourism PP7 Lamoro The LISTEN project could be an interesting tool and starting point for the creation of a local DMO for Alessandria and surrounding area. The PP7 could enhance this process, if it involved the main stakeholders in the discussion, especially the Municipality of Alessandria and Alexala, the provincial DMO. This way, the Local Guide Group, in this case coincident with the Task Force, will fully represent the territorial complexity and will be able to manage the Listen Pilot Project, and, in the future, tourism development. Figure 69 Governance model for PP7 Source: etourism 283

284 PP8 LandkreisForchheim The governance of the PP8 Pilot Area is very complex. Some of the municipalities of the pilot territory are official members of the tourism association Franconian Switzerland, while small entrepreneurs created their own association Rund ums Walberla. At this stage there is no organisation which is fully committed to the tourism development in the pilot territories: on the one hand, the tourism association has a wide area to look upon, and the association does not have the competence and resources for an appropriate destination marketing activity. It is important to enhance a stronger cooperation between the regional DMO and the local system, and promote the creation of a local committee, which would be able to manage the tourism development of the area, in that it will be recognised as the subject in charge for territorial coordination. In this new organisation the most active associations must play a central role, together with representatives from LandkreisForchheim and key municipalities. The Listen Task Force could represent the first step towards the creation of this organisation in this context. For the lifetime of the LISTEN project, filtering and connecting the most important tourism stakeholders in the Local Guide Group is a real challenge. At the moment, the opportunity of creating a Task Force besides the LGG does not exist because people's abilities would be overstretched by the presence of a new organisation. Taking the situation that has been presented into account, it is more eligible to make now a governance change not at a structural level, but focusing on the soft factors such as the quality and intensity of cooperation and communication, a tourism concept, management and marketing tools, quality of accommodation, implementation of innovative sustainable tourism offers, etc. This means that the existing tourism stakeholders should be empowered in their activities, and their capability to bring tourism forward at a local level should be strengthened. This includes several associations and intermediaries as well as the local municipalities. With the prospect of a future generation change of several tourism promoters and a probable restructuring of the tourism system offranconian Switzerland including the pilot area, we estimate that these "soft" factors will be much more sustainable for the pilot area than a structural change. In the middle-long run and beyond, a more structural change will be the correct, necessary path, but for the time being it is not applicable. It can only be carried out step by step during the project's lifetime. Figure 70 Governance model for PP8 Source: etourism 284