THE BALKAN ENDEMICS MOEHRINGIA JANKAE GRISEB. EX JANKA AND MOEHRINGIA GRISEBACHII JANKA IN BULGARIA

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1 Trakia Journal of Sciences, No 4, pp , 2018 Copyright 2018 Trakia University Available online at: ISSN (print) ISSN (online) doi: /tjs Original Contribution THE BALKAN ENDEMICS MOEHRINGIA JANKAE GRISEB. EX JANKA AND MOEHRINGIA GRISEBACHII JANKA IN BULGARIA M. Zhelyazkova 1 *, N. Grozeva 2, M. Gerdzhikova 3, S. Terzieva 2 1 Departent of Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria 2 Departent of Biology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria 3 Departent of Plat Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria ABSTRACT The ai of the study is to establish the current distribution оf Balkan endeics Moehringia jankae Griseb. ex Janka and Moehringia grisebachii Janka in Bulgaria. The routing ethod was used. All areas which the species inhabit according to literary sources were visited. Established were 12 populations of M. jankae and 32 populations of M. grisebachii. All established populations of M. jankae were fro the Eastern Balkan Range on the territory of Sinite Kaani Natural Park. Three of the registered populations of M. grisebachii were fro North-Eastern Bulgaria (Shuen region, near village Madara). Thirteen were fro Sredna Gora Mts (nine on the territory of village Rozovets, two between village Rozovets and Bratan peak, two on peak Orlite and one between peak Orlite and the egalith Popova turla, rock foration along the road fro village Rozovets to the rock foration Pravite kaani, the rock foration Pravite kaani, rock forations west of the egalith Pravite kaani, and one above village Pesnopoy in the area Usoykata). Nineteen were fro the Eastern Balkan Range on the territory of Sinite Kaani Natural Park. Each population was assessed and the factors with negative influence were indicated. Key words: Moehringia jankae, Moehringia grisebachii, Bulgaria, distribution, Balkan endeics INTRODUCTION The Bulgarian flora is rich and diverse and includes 270 endeic Balkan species which belong to 116 genera and 35 failies (1). The endeic taxa, aong which are Moehringia grisebachii and Moehringia jankae, are aong the ost attractive coponents in each flora and play an iportant role in understanding biogeographical patterns and are often used in planning nature conservation strategies. The Balkan endeic M. grisebachii is included in the Red Book of Bulgaria, vol.1. Plants and fungi under category endangered (2). According to literary sources (2-10) in Bulgaria the species is distributed in North- Eastern Bulgaria (above the village of Madara, *Correspondence to: M. Zhelyazkova, Departent of Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria,.jelqzkova@uni-sz.bg Shuensko), Eastern Balkan Range (Sinite Kaani Natural Park above the town of Sliven), Sredna Gora Mts (between the village of Rozovets and Bratan peak), Thracian Plane (the surroundings of Sieonovgrad), Tundja Hilly Plain (Sakar Mountains, north of the village of Matochina, Svilengrad). Distribution in the Balkans includes Bulgaria, Roania, and Turkey. The Balkan endeic M. jankae is protected by the Biological Diversity Act (11), included in the Red Book of Bulgaria, vol. 1. Plants and fungi under category endangered (12). It is protected by Annex I of the Bern Conservation (13) and according to the criteria of the IUCN Red Lists of Threatened Plants (14) it has been rated as Data Deficient (DD) on a global scale. The species is included in Annex II of Directive 92/43/EEC (15). The species is distributed in North-Eastern Bulgaria (Shuen Trakia Journal of Sciences, Vol. 16, 4,

2 region) and Eastern Balkan Range - Sinite Kaani Natural Park above the town of Sliven (6-8, 10, 12, 16). Distribution in the Balkans includes Bulgaria and Roania. The ai of the study is to establish the current distribution оf Moehringia jankae Griseb. Ex Janka and Moehringia grisebachii Janka in Bulgaria. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted during the vegetation periods of The routing ethod was applied to establish the distribution of the species. To deterine the locations and status of M. jankae and M. grisebachii in Bulgaria we visited and researched ainly on the territory of: Eastern Balkan Range (Sinite Kaani Natural Park), Sredna Gora Mts. (village Rozovets peak Bratan village Svejen village Pesnopoy); Thracian Plane (Haskovo Sieonovgrad); Tundja Hilly Plain (village Matochina village Mihalich village Varnik); North-Eastern Bulgaria (Shuen village Kiylevcha village Troica village Madara). A Global positioning syste (GPS) was used to deterine the coordinates of the sapling points. The habitats of the species are presented on the aps using Google Earth (the World Geodetic Syste since 1984 (WGS'84). For taxonoic database was used Flora of PR Bulgaria (17), Field Guide to the Vascular Plants in Bulgaria (18), Key to the Plants of Bulgaria (6). Through the use of Methodology for onitoring vascular plants in Bulgaria, we were able to deterine the status of each population. The foration in the of the studied area was identified based on the Geological Map of Bulgaria scale 1:500000, Ministry of Environent and Waters National Geofund and Geology. The voucher speciens were deposited in the herbariu of the Agricultural University in Plovdiv (). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Moehringia jankae In the present study there were no discovered populations of the species in North-Eastern Bulgaria (Shuen region). On the territory of Eastern Balkan Range - Sinite Kaani Natural Park were registered a total of 12 populations of Moehringia jankae 4 in Kailata area, 3 along Haiduschka pateka area, 2 in area, and 1 population each in Karandilska polyana, Micro da area, Kaloyanovi kuli (Figure 1). Data for the established populations are shown in Table 1. Figure 1. Distribution of Moehringia jankae in Bulgaria *populations are labeled with the nubers indicated in Table 1 The populations of M. jankae located 350. south of hotel coplex, 450. south-west of hotel coplex, rock forations near Karandilska polyana, Micro da area, area Kaloyanovi kuli, rock foration in Kailata area, along Haiduschka pateka 262 Trakia Journal of Sciences, Vol. 16, 4, 2018

3 area east of hotel coplex, along Haiduschka pateka area going south fro hotel coplex, on rock forations near Haiduschka pateka area, east of Каilata area, north of Каilata area, between hotel coplex and Каilata area were described by Grozeva & al. (8) after field studies during the vegetation periods For the six-year period ( ) they have increased in nuber while only the population fro Kaloyanovi kuli area has experienced slight decrease in 2018 copared with A great increase in the nubers was registered for the population along Haiduschka pateka area east of hotel coplex, fro 4 speciens in 2013 to 24 specien in 2017 respectively. Regarding the area they cover there has been no discovered decrease during the six-year period. Two of the populations fro Karandilska polyana and Kaloyanovi kuli area have retained their area, while for the other seven populations is recorded an increase in the area. This, according to Grozeva et al. (8), is ost probably due to the wetter spring and suer and the ore abundant oisture allowed for the ajority of ature seeds that had fallen in rock crevices to develop successfully. For the newly established three populations of the species fro Каilata area, indicated under nubers 10 to 12 in Table 1, there were no recorded changes in the area and nubers during the two-year period of study. Table 1. Data for the registered populations of Moehringia jankae on the territory of Sinite Kaani Natural Park, Eastern Balkan Range during the vegetation periods Geographic coordinates in Nuber of Doinant and the central part Area and nuber herbariu Location Rock, facing accopanying of the of speciens specients species population, elevation south of hotel coplex southwest of hotel coplex 3. rock forations near Karandilska polyana N , E , 933 N , E , 908 N , E , Micro da area N , E , Kaloyanovi kuli area 6. rock foration in Kailata area 7. along Haiduschka pateka area east of hotel coplex 8. along Haiduschka pateka area going south fro hotel coplex N , E , 756 N , E , 857 N , E , 889 N , E , 879 facing north Vertical congloerates facing east facing north-west Area of and 14 speciens Area of 55,5 2 and 55 speciens in 2017 and 61 speciens in 2018 Area of and 63 speciens Area of 26 2 and 22 speciens Area of 19 2 and 45 speciens Area of and 35 speciens in 2017 and 33 speciens in 2018 Area of 82 2 and 22 speciens in 2017 and 33 speciens in 2018 Area of and 19 speciens Moehringia grisebachii, Moehringia grisebachii Moehringia grisebachii, Trakia Journal of Sciences, Vol. 16, 4,

4 on rock forations near Haiduschka pateka area N , E , , east and south Area of 22 2 and 73 speciens East of Каilata area 11. north of Каilata area 12. between hotel coplex and Каilata area N , E , N , E , 866 N , E , facing north Area of 38 2 and 15 speciens Area of 70 2 and 13 speciens Area of 1,5 2 and 8 speciens The data fro the field studies show that all populations of Moehringia jankae are in good general condition. Anthropogenic influence was not observed but the potential threat exists. Moehringia grisebachii In the present study there were no discovered populations of the species in Thracian Plane (the surroundings of Sieonovgrad) and Tundja Hilly region (Sakar Mountains, north of the village of Matochina, Svilengrad). A total of 32 populations of Moehringia grisebachii were registered, respectively 3 in North-Eastern Bulgaria, 19 in the Eastern Balkan Range on the territory of Sinite Kaani Natural Park and 10 in Sredna Gora Mts above the villages Rozovets and Pesnopoy (Table 2, Figure 2-4). The sallest area occupies the three populations fro North-Eastern Bulgaria along the trail above the Madara Rider in The Madara national historical-archeological reserve, near the stone steps north-west of the Madara Rider, the fortress above village Madara (Figure 2). The conducted field research and analysis allow us to believe that the sall area of this population was affected by the registered anthropogenic pressures, due to its iediate proxiity with sites with national and worldwide historical significance. Despite the increased tourist flow, there were no registered changes in the nubers of the three populations during the two-year period of study. Their liited area is a cause for concern and requires further observation, so that if necessary, the appropriate easures could be taken to preserve the populations. Figure 2. Distribution of Moehringia grisebachi in Northeastern Bulgaria *populations are labeled with the nubers indicated in Table Trakia Journal of Sciences, Vol. 16, 4, 2018

5 Figure 3. Distribution of Moehringia grisebachii Janka in Sredna Gora Mts. *populations are labeled with the nubers indicated in Table 2 During a two-year period of study there was no registered change in the nubers and area for the ten populations of M. grisebachii established in Sredna Gora Mts. above village Rozovets at the first corner after the path towards Bratan peak; rock foration along the old Roan road north of Chepilskata Chesha; rock foration at the first peak on the way to the egalith Popova Turla, Orlite Peak; rock foration in the west part of Orlite Peak; rock foration between Orlite Peak and the egalith Popova Turla; rock foration on the way fro village Rozovets to the rock foration Pravite Kaani; rock foration Pravite Kaani; rock foration northwest of rock foration Pravite Kaani; rock assifs west of rock foration Pravite Kaani; above village Pesnopoy, area Usoykata (Figure 3). During the field studies anthropogenic and negatively ipacting factors were not observed. In this study are described five of the nineteen in total populations of M. grisebachii fro Eastern Balkan Range, Sinite kaani Natural Park shown in Table 2 and Figure 4 fro Eastern Balkan Range, Sinite kaani Natural park rock foration between Kailata area and hotel coplex, rock forations bellow hotel coplex, south of Karandilska polyana, south-east of hotel coplex of, and north of Micro da area. During the two-year period of study there was no discovered decrease in their nubers or area. Despite being located in one of the areas ost visited by tourists in the park, there was no observed anthropogenic ipact; however the potential threat still exists. Data for the other 14 populations was published by Grozeva & al. (8) for the vegetation periods During the six-year period fro 2013 to 2018 for these populations was registered a gradual increase in nubers and area, which for eight of the populations rock forations before the crossroad for Kafedzhiiskiya kaynak, south-east of Haydushka pateka, Haydushka polyana, rock foration near Karandilska polyana, west of the arked trail for Mollova kuria area, in Gornaka area, rock assifs in Karakyutyuk area and Golyaa Chatalka Peak in the past two years reains. For the other six populations fro Kaloyanovi kuli area, east of Haydushka pateka, south-east of hotel coplex, east of Micro da area, at the corner of the trail fro Gornaka to Mollova kuria, and rock forations in Kailata area in the last. Trakia Journal of Sciences, Vol. 16, 4,

6 Figure 4. Distribution of Moehringia grisebachii Janka in Eastern Balkan Range * populations are labeled with the nubers indicated in Table 2 Table 2. Data for the registered during the vegetation periods populations of Moehringia grisebachii in North-Eastern Bulgaria, Sredna Gora Mts. and Eastern Balkan Range. Geographic coordinates in Nuber of Doinant and the central part Area and herbariu Location Rock, facing accopanying of the nuber specients species population, elevation North-Eastern Bulgaria, along the trail above the Madara rider in The Madara national historical-archeological reserve 2. North-Eastern Bulgaria, near the stone steps northwest of the Madara Rider 3. North-Eastern Bulgaria, the fortress above village Madara 4. Sredna Gora Mts., above village Rozovets at the first corner after the path towards Bratan peak 5. Sredna Gora Mts., rock foration along the old Roan road north of Chepilskata Chesha 6. Sredna Gora Mts., rock foration at the first peak on the way to the egalith Popova Turla, Orlite Peak. 7. Sredna Gora Mts., rock assifs in the west part of Orlite Peak 8. Sredna Gora Mts., rock forations between Orlite Peak and the egalith Popova Turla N , E , 293 N , E , 285 N , E , 392 N , Е , 741 N , E , 845 N , E , 741 N , E , 773 N , E , 786 Vertical carbonate sandy liestones Vertical congloerates Vertical carbonate liestones facing south acid facing south acid facing south-east acid facing south and southeast acid facing north-west acid facing south Area of 1 2 and 11 speciens Area of 1,2 2 and 5 speciens Area of 20 2 and 24 speciens Area of 45 2 and 16 speciens Area of 48 2 and 17 speciens Area of 80,4 2 and 42 speciens Area of 60,2 2 and 31 speciens Area of 61 2 and 32 speciens -none 266 Trakia Journal of Sciences, Vol. 16, 4, 2018

7 Sredna Gora Mts., rock forations on the way fro village Rozovets to the rock foration Pravite Kaani 10. Sredna Gora Mts., rock foration Pravite Kaani 11. Sredna Gora Mts., rock forations northwest of rock foration Pravite Kaani 12. Sredna Gora Mts., rock forations west of rock foration Pravite Kaani 13. Sredna Gora Mts., above village Pesnopoy, area Usoykata 14. Eastern Balkan Range, Sinite Kaani Natural Park Kaloyanovi kuli area 15. Eastern Balkan Range, Sinite Kaani Natural Park, rock forations before the crossroad for Kafedzhiiskiya kaynak 16. Eastern Balkan Range, Sinite Kaani Natural Park, south-east of Haydushka pateka 17. Eastern Balkan Range, Sinite Kaani Natural Park, Haydushka polyana 18. Eastern Balkan Range, Sinite Kaani Natural Park, east of Haydushka pateka 19. Eastern Balkan Range, Sinite Kaani Natural Park, west of Karandilska polyana 20. Eastern Balkan Range, Sinite Kaani Natural Park, South of Karandilska polyana 21. Eastern Balkan Range, Sinite Kaani Natural Park, rock foration near Karandilska polyana 22. Eastern Balkan Range, Sinite Kaani Natural Park, south-east of hotel coplex of 23. Eastern Balkan Range, Sinite Kaani Natural Park, rock forations east of Micro da area N , E , 638 N , E , N , E , 602 N , E , 725 N , E , 378 N , E , 685 N , E , 770 N , E , 951 N , E , 641 N , E , 921 N , E , 965 N , E , 956 N , E , 919 N , E , 971 N , E , acid facing west and east acid facing west and east, north and south acid facing north acid facing south acid facing north-east -east Vertical congloerates facing east -east facing north-west and south-east and north-west Area of and 56 speciens Area of and 54 speciens Area of and 25 speciens Area of 40 2 and 14 speciens Area of 10,5 2 and 17 speciens Area of 2,5 2 and 21 speciens Area of 12 2 and 28 speciens Area of 12 2 and 22 speciens Area of 14 2 and 26 speciens Area of 25 2 and 28 speciens Area of and 256 speciens Area of and 39 speciens Area of and 65 speciens Area of 55 2 and 18 speciens Area of and 97 speciens M. jankae, M.jankae, M. jankae, Trakia Journal of Sciences, Vol. 16, 4,

8 Eastern Balkan Range, Sinite Kaani Natural Park, rock forations north of Micro da area 25. Eastern Balkan Range, Sinite Kaani Natural Park, west of the arked trail for Mollova kuria area 26. Eastern Balkan Range, Sinite Kaani Natural Park, at the corner of the trail fro Gornaka to Mollova kuria 27. Eastern Balkan Range, Sinite Kaani Natural Park, in Gornaka area N , E , 951 N , E , 830 N , E , 831 N , E , 920 facing north-east Vertical liestone facing east Area of and 63 speciens Area of 16 2 and 22 speciens Area of 15,5 2 and 25 speciens Area of 60 2 and 17 speciens Eastern Balkan Range, Sinite Kaani Natural Park, in Kailata area 29. Eastern Balkan Range, Sinite Kaani Natural Park, in Karakyutyuk area N , E , 838 N , E , 854 Vertical congloerates Vertical liestone Area of 19,5 2 and 31 speciens Area of 4,7 2 and 22 speciens Eastern Balkan Range, Sinite Kaani Natural Park, in Golyaa Chatalka area 31. Eastern Balkan Range, Sinite Kaani Natural Park, rock forations between Kailata area and hotel coplex 32. Eastern Balkan Range, Sinite Kaani Natural Park, rock forations bellow hotel coplex N , E , 1049 N , E , 909 N , E , 919 facing east Area of 29,5 2 and 25 speciens Area of 2 2 and 7 speciens Area of and 11 speciens For two years was registered a slight increase in nubers and area. The observed stabilization and light increase in area and nuber of these populations is ost probably due to both the actions taken by the directorate of Sinite Kaani Natural Park to restrict the access of tourists to the populations, as well as the favorable cliate conditions which helped for the regular passing of vegetation. CONCLUSION The data fro the present study gave us reason to believe that in Bulgaria the Balkan endeic M. jankae fors populations only on the territory of Sinite Kaani Natural Park, Еastern Balkan Range on quartz porphyry rock forations and congloerates in, Karandilska polyana, Haydushka pateka, Kaloyanovi kuli, Kailata area at an altitude of 551 to 972. Populations nuber fro 8 to 73 speciens at an area of 1.2 to Doinant in the M. jankae populations are. An accopanying conservation significant species in a three of the registered populations south-east of Karandilska polyana, to the east in Kailata area and Micro da area is M. grisebachii. Balkan endeic M. grisebachii fors populations in North-Eastern Bulgaria (above the village of Madara, Shuensko), Eastern Balkan Range (Sinite Kaani Natural Park), Sredna Gora Mts (between the village of 268 Trakia Journal of Sciences, Vol. 16, 4, 2018

9 Rozovets and Bratan peak and above the village Pesnopoy), on carbonate sandy liestones, carbonate liestones, granite acid, quartz-porphyry rock forations, congloerates, sandstones and liestones at an elevation fro 285 to Populations nuber fro 5 to about 256 speciens on an area of 1 to Doinant in the M. grisebachii populations are. An accopanying conservation significant species in three of the registered populations in Eastern Balkan Range is M. jankae. Despite the lack of registered increased anthropogenic ipact during the field studies, the potential threats for each of the established populations of the two Balkan endeics still exist, because of their attachent to specific locations crevices of and their strong dependence on the huidity during the vegetation period. Taking into account that M. jankae and M. grisebachii have liited distribution in the country and that the seed reproduction of all studied populations is far fro theoretically possible, it is necessary to continue observing the already established populations, to ake an effort to find new populations and to study in detail the echaniss of their reproduction. REFERENCES 1. Petrova, A. and Vladiirov, V., Balkan endeics in the Bulgarian flora. Phytologia Balcanica, 16(2): , Stoyanov, S., Moehringia grisebachii Janka. In: Peev, D et all. (eds.) Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria. Volue 1. Plants and Fungi. BAS & MoEW, Sofia, 533, Podpera, J., Ein Beitrag zu den Vegetationsverhältnissen von Südbulgarien(Ostruelen). Verhandl.d.k.zoolog.bot.Gesel.in Wien, 52: , Stanev, S., Contribution to the flora of Eastern Balkan range (Sliven Balkan). Izv. Muz. Yuz. Bulgaria, Plovdiv, 7: 51-58, Stanev, S., Materials and notes about the flora of Bulgaria. Izv. Mus. Jugoizt. Bulgaria, 16: 11-13, Delipavlov, D. and Cheshedzhiev, I. (eds), Key to the Plants of Bulgaria. Acad. Press Agrarian University, Plovdiv (Bg), Grozeva, N., Georgieva, M. and Vulkova, M., Flowering plants and ferns. In: Stoeva, M. (ed.), Biological diversity of Sinite Kaani Nature Park. Kontrast Bogoilovo, Stara Zagora, (Bg), Grozeva, N., Gerdzhikova, M., Todorova, M., Panayotova, G., Dohchev, D. and Tsutsov, K., The Balkan Endeics Moehringia jankae Griseb. ex Janka and Moehringia grisebachii Janka in Sinite Kaani Natural Park, Bulgaria. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 14 (2): , Stanev, S., Delipavlov, D., Materials and notes about the flora of Bulgaria. Scientific Studies Biology. University of Plovdiv ``Paisii Hilendarski``, 40: 61-64, Assyov, B. and Petrova, A. (eds), Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular Flora. Distribution Maps and Floristic Eleents. Fourth revised and enlarged edition. Bulgarian Biodiversity Foundation, Sofia (Bg), Biological Diversity Act, Darzhaven Vestnik no. 77 fro 9 August 2002, pp Aended in Darzhaven Vestnik no. 94 fro 16 Noveber 2007 (Bg), Stoeva, M., Moehringia jankae Janka. In: Peev, D. et all. (eds) Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria. Volue 1. Plants and Fungi. BAS & MoEW, Sofia, 534, Bern Convention, Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and atural Habitats. Appendix I. earchservices/display DCTMContent?docuentId= , 1979, (accessed ) 14. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version Moehringia jankae (accessed ). 15. Directive 92/43/EEC, Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora. OJ L 206, , 7-50, Zahariev, D., An investigation into the flora of the Shuen Heights. Phytologia Balcanica 20(1), 79-88, Kuzanov, B. and Kožuharov, S., Genus Moehringia. In: Jordanov D. (eds). Flora Republicae Bulgaricae, 3. Editio Acad. Prof. Marin Drinov, Serdicae, , Kožuharov, S. (eds.), Field Guide to the Vascular Plants in Bulgaria. Nauka and Izkustvo, Sofia (Bg) Trakia Journal of Sciences, Vol. 16, 4,

10 270 Trakia Journal of Sciences, Vol. 16, 4, 2018