RO Cluj-Napoca, Romania 8 Bruckenthal Natural History Museum, 1 Cetăţii St., RO , Sibiu, Romania. * Authors with equal

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1 Contribuţii Botanice 2016, LI: Grădina Botanică Alexandru Borza Cluj-Napoca NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS. (SOUTHERN CARPATHIANS) WITH DISCUSSION ON ECOLOGICAL PREFERENCES AND DISTRIBUTION OF STUDIED TAXA IN THE CARPATHIANS Attila BARTÓK 1*, Bogdan-Iuliu HURDU Paul-Marian SZATMARI 3*, Michał RONIKIER 4, Mihai PUŞCAŞ 5, Andrew NOVIKOFF 6, László BARTHA 7, Ghizela VONICA 8 1 Sindan-Pharma, 11 Ion Mihalache Bd., RO Bucureşti, Romania 2 Institute of Biological Research, 48 Republicii St., RO Cluj-Napoca, Romania 3 Biological Research Center, Botanical Garden Vasile Fati, 14 Parcului St., RO Jibou, Romania 4 W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, PL , Kraków, Poland 5 Al. Borza Botanical Garden, Babeş-Bolyai University, 42 Republicii St., RO Cluj-Napoca, Romania 6 State Natural History Museum, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 18 Teatralna St., 79008, Lviv, Ukraine 7 Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeş-Bolyai University, 42 A.Treboniu Laurean St., RO Cluj-Napoca, Romania 8 Bruckenthal Natural History Museum, 1 Cetăţii St., RO , Sibiu, Romania * Authors with equal Corresponding author: bogdan.hurdu@icbcluj.ro We dedicate this paper to the memory of our colleague Alexandru Ioan Tatu ( ) Abstract: The Făgăraș Mountains are the second highest range in the Carpathians (Moldoveanu Peak, 2544 m a.s.l.). Owing to the presence of extensive alpine habitats, pronounced glacial relief and scattered occurrence of limestone in a predominantly siliceous bedrock, this massif represents a major hotspot of biodiversity, harbouring many endemic and relict plant populations of arctic and alpine origin. However, following a period of intense botanical explorations during the 19 th and the first part of the 20 th century, intensity of field inventories substantially declined and many old distribution records remained unconfirmed for many decades now. Here, we present new information on the occurrence of 35 endemic or rare taxa of vascular plants recorded in the high-mountain (subalpine and alpine) zone of the Făgăraş Mts., based on our field surveys conducted during the last 15 years ( ). Occurrence of taxa in the study area is also discussed in a wider geographical context, with highlights on their general distribution range and comments on their ecological requirements and presence in other massifs of the Carpathians. Previous knowledge on their occurrence in the Făgăraș Mts. is briefly annotated and chorological syntheses of both old and new records are shown. Out of the 35 taxa discussed here, two (Carex rupestris and Plantago atrata subsp. carpatica) are recorded for the first time in the Făgăraș Mts. One taxon previously considered doubtful (Draba compacta) is confirmed in the vascular flora of the massif and three taxa (Carex parviflora, Leontodon kulczynskii and Silene zawadzkii) are rediscovered after more than 60 years since their last ascertainable mention. Finally, we present new localities or confirm old data from the Făgăraș Mts. for further 29 taxa. The overall distribution of records for the 35 investigated taxa possibly indicates an unbalanced previous coverage of the Făgăraș Mts. by botanical surveys, with few central regions (e.g., Bâlea glacial cirque, Arpaș Mts.) providing most of the records. The old record distribution can be only partly explained by the actual distribution of highly diverse areas. It may also be the result of a concurrence of factors that include access difficulties to remote areas in the eastern and southern parts of the range. Consequently, we consider the Făgăraș Mts. still one of the most unexplored important mountainous regions across the Carpathians. For a significant number of the investigated taxa, which span from the Southern Carpathian, Pan- Carpathian endemics, and regional Carpathian-Balkan elements to more widespread arctic-alpine elements,

2 78 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA populations in the Southern Carpathians (and even within the Făgăraș Mts.) constitute their biogeographically important, isolated range margins. This area also harbours several Southern Carpathian or even local endemics. Botanical evidence together with existence of the still well preserved and diverse natural alpine habitats ensuring a long-term shelter for natural populations, all provide a substantial support for the establishment of a high-rank law protection of the range in the framework of the postulated Făgăraș National Park. Keywords: endemic taxa, rare species, relict populations, distribution range limit, disjunct distributions Introduction It is recognised that islands constitute, together with mountain systems (functionally representing terrestrial sky islands ), the greatest natural laboratories for the evolution and longterm preservation of organisms [161, 305]. Consequently, knowledge about the species distribution in mountainous regions is of major importance not only for the conservation of biodiversity [158] but also for studying the evolutionary processes that shape global patterns of diversity and generate endemism [160, 185]. Among the specific features of the European mountain systems, the diversity of habitats (e.g., geologic and topographic structure, climatic gradients, snow coverage) and their fragmented distribution are considered of equal importance in driving the high divergence and adaptive processes observed in mountain organisms [61, 221]. Furthermore, the primary orogenetic and subsequent processes that shaped the alpine relief (e.g., extent of Pleistocene glaciation and their local effects) led to a long-term isolation of species and populations (i.e. relictualism) [187, 258], and ultimately to the divergence of lineages and speciation, both phenomena generating endemism [121, 150, 285, 323]. The Carpathian Mountain Range (CMR) (Fig. 1A) is a major component of the European Alpine System [211]. It is traditionally divided in two subunits, based on a significant altitudinal lowering along their latitudinal axis of folding [142, 175] but also on biogeographical patterns [187]: the Western Carpathians (WC) and the South-Eastern Carpathians (SEC). The main characteristics of the range include a structural fragmentation, habitat heterogeneity and insular distribution of alpine zone areas along an ample latitudinal gradient, the latter being more prominent in the South-Eastern subunit (e.g., the Chornohora, Rodna, Bucegi, Făgăraş, Parâng or Retezat Mts.). The CMR is considered an important centre of plant diversity and endemism in Europe [56, 124, 187, 212, 218]. Floristic influences from the Alps and the mountains of the Balkan Peninsula, together with a relatively low influence of Pleistocene glaciations in the SEC but at the same time importance of glacial geomorphological features in highest massifs, are considered major driving factors in promoting and preserving the CMR s high biological diversity [124, 186]. Such interplay of factors is especially apparent in distribution of main areas of both total species diversity and endemism within the SEC, where they are tightly linked with habitat islands characterised by high altitudes and by presence (even if only dispersed) of carbonate-type bedrock [58, 124]. The Făgăraş Mts., located in the eastern part of the Southern Carpathians (SC) in Romania (Fig. 1B), are the second highest massif in the CMR, overpassed only by the High Tatra Mountains in the Western Carpathians [142, 175]. With eight peaks over 2500 m a.s.l. [Moldoveanu (2544 m), Negoiu (2535 m), Viştea Mare (2527 m), Lespezi (2517 m), Călţun (2510 m), Vânătarea (Vânătoarea) lui Buteanu (2507 m) (Fig. 1C), Hârtopul Darei (2506 m), and Dara (2501 m)], this massif contains the highest altitudes in the SEC (harbouring > 50% of all SEC peaks above 2500 m, and more than 40% of all SEC altitudes over 2000 m) [230]. The main

3 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS.. 79 ridge develops in a W E direction, covering almost 70 km in length and 30 km in width [230]. The Făgăraș Mts. are well-differentiated from the surrounding regions, spanning from the Olt Valley to the west to the Iezer-Păpușa Mts. and Rucăr-Bran Couloir to the east. An important morphologic feature resides in the contrasting elevation changes between the northern and southern mountainsides. While the northern flanks are characterised by an abrupt altitudinal decrease towards the Făgăraș Depression, the southern flanks are gradually lowering toward piedmonts and reach almost 20 km in length. Among the secondary processes shaping the relief, the glacial processes in the Făgăraș Mts. were more intense compared to other massifs of the SEC (e.g., the Parâng or Rodna Mts.). During Pleistocene, the Făgăraș Mts. detained the most extended glaciated areas of the SEC [314]. Geologically, the Făgăraș Mts. are predominantly built of siliceous rocks but harbour scattered calcareous areas. The limestone-type bedrock is better developed and more frequently encountered in the southern ridges, with relatively wide areas in the Râiosu-Buda Mountains, the Podeanu, Ciortea (Custura Ciortei), Iezerul Caprei and Orzăneaua Peaks, or in the Roșu-Galbena region south of the Moldoveanu Peak. On the northern mountainside, smaller limestone patches are found in the Muchia Tunsu, Muchia Buteanu (Netedu Peak), Muchia Bâlea, Muchia Albota (at Schusterresidenz), Muchia Sâmbetei (Piatra Caprei), and Muchia Trăznita ridges, the upper part of Doamna Valley, in the northern slopes of the Suru, Laița (Jgheabul Văros), Bâlea, Arpașu Mare and Arpașu Mic Peaks. Specific geomorphologic features and glacial history, together with the intermediate geographical position of the SC between the Eastern Carpathians (EC) and the Balkan Peninsula mountains, have favoured the establishment of a highly diverse flora in the Făgăraş Mts. Indeed, this massif is recognised as one of the most important centres of high mountain taxa diversity [58] and endemism in the Carpathians [14, 124, 191, 218, 300]. Harbouring 70 Carpathian endemics or sub-endemics, the Făgăraș Mts. is the third most endemic-rich mountain range from the SEC [125] and together with the Bucegi Mts. it constitutes the area with the highest number of high-mountain taxa in the SEC [58]. Furthermore, floristic elements of diversified origin are present in its high-mountain flora: i.e. Southern Carpathian endemics (e.g., Aquilegia transsilvanica, Festuca bucegiensis), South-Eastern Carpathian endemics (e.g., Leontodon kulczynskii, Silene zawadzkii), Pan-Carpathian endemics (e.g., Arabidopsis neglecta, Plantago atrata subsp. carpatica), Carpathian-Balkan elements (e.g., Campanula transsilvanica, Campanula wanneri, Draba compacta, Silene lerchenfeldiana), Alpine-Carpathian elements (e.g., Saponaria pumila, Jacobaea incana subsp. carniolica), European alpine elements (e.g., Geum reptans, Ranunculus alpestris, Saxifraga retusa), and arctic-alpine elements (e.g., Astragalus alpinus, Carex rupestris, Kobresia myosuroides, Saxifraga hieraciifolia). Apart from endemics with naturally restricted ranges, many of the more widespread taxa have only few disjunct localities in the Carpathians. Long-term persistence of numerous high-mountain taxa in the Carpathians likely depends on the few such high-altitude areas with diversified habitats as the Făgăraș Mts. (e.g., Ronikier (2010) [257]). In such regionally rare species, populations occurring in the SC or even in the Făgăraș Mts. only are often found at distribution range limits of taxa and are probably relicts of the Pleistocene glaciations (e.g., Astragalus alpinus, Kobresia myosuroides, Saxifraga hieraciifolia).

4 80 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA Fig. 1: The geographic position of the Carpathian Mountains (rectangle) in Europe (A), and of the Făgăraș Mountains in the Southern Carpathians (outlined in green) (B). Landscape overview (C) of central part of the Făgăraș Mts., seen from below the Mușețeica and Râiosu Peaks (photo credit: B.-I. Hurdu, ) As the Făgăraș Mts. belong to the most important high-mountain islands of the Carpathian chain, reliable knowledge of their flora is an important prerequisite for further studies on biodiversity and biogeographic patterns not only at the local but also at the wider scale of the Carpathians. Following a period of intense botanical explorations during the second half of the 19 th and the beginning of the 20 th century, many distribution records were published from Făgăraș Mts. by Baumgarten (1816) [9], Fuss ( ) [99-105], Schur ( ) [271-

5 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS ], Kotschy (1853) [145], Fronius (1856) [98], Reissenberger ( ) [248, 249], Csató ( ) [64, 65], Simonkai ( ) [283, 284], and Ungar ( ) [312, 313]. Most of these records were focused on the northern region of the Făgăraș Mts. due to the historical context of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, whose boundaries followed the main alpine ridge. For the last 100 years, a strong decrease in the number and extent of floristic studies concerning the alpine zone of the Făgăraș Mts. has been observed, with fewer notable syntheses [4, 68, 69, 84, 85, 88, 241, 242, 321], and rare studies focused on the southern [33, 34] and eastern regions [193, 205] of this massif. To date, many of these old records remained unconfirmed making a contemporary overview of diversity difficult and showing an urgent need for reassessment of the flora. A meaningful example stems from a recent rediscovery of Ranunculus glacialis in the eastern part of the Făgăraș Mts. (Gălbenele area, near Gălășescu Mare Peak), after more than a century from its last mention from this massif [257]. In this paper, we aim to review the previously known distribution and to present new data on the occurrence of selected biogeographically important taxa in the Făgăraș Mts. Based on these records we also discuss their general ecological preferences and overall distribution in the SEC. We also explore the density of available floristic records for the studied taxa, demonstrate the areas of highest richness and rarity in the light of these data as well as areas lacking floristic inventories. Our new distribution data contribute to the knowledge of a still poorly studied and yet one of the most prominent alpine regions of the Carpathians. Materials and Methods In this study, we focused on 35 endemic or rare taxa of vascular plants representing several biogeographically important groups and thus considered meaningful proxies for an overview of the high-mountain flora hotspots (Table 1). The choice of taxa was motivated both by the existence of chorological novelties and by their biogeographic importance (for understanding general floristic links and influences among different ranges of the Carpathians). The novel records reported in this paper are based on field surveys made by the authors during the last 15 years ( ) in high-mountain (subalpine and alpine) areas of the Făgăraș Mts. Many of the plant specimens reported here were deposited in the public herbarium collection of the Alexandu Borza Botanical Garden in Cluj-Napoca, Romania (CL); the identification numbers are provided in the text. The sampled localities were geographically referenced with precise coordinates (World Geodetic Reference System WGS84). Floristic monographs [18, 47, 80, 209, 265, 266] were used in order to have an accurate identification of the collected specimens. In addition, critical taxa were confronted with typical specimens stored in the CL herbarium collection, to validate their correct taxonomic assignment. Each taxon s ecology and distribution is discussed in a wider geographical context and mentions on their range limits that fall within the Carpathians, with highlights on their general distribution range, and comments on their main ecological requirements. Several comprehensive syntheses [1, 5, 42, 97, 112, 144, 159, 171, 222, 264, 307] were used to assess general distribution and ecology of the species. Their presence in other massifs of the Carpathians is also discussed. It is only briefly summarised for the WC based, among others, on Pawłowski (1956) [217], chapters in Čeřovský et al. (1999) [37] and in Mirek & Piękoś-Mirkowa (2008) [177], and other specific sources (as this area is not a focus of the paper no detailed sources are provided at the mentions for particular taxa). A more detailed description together with a schematic

6 82 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA distribution of each taxon illustrated on maps is provided for the SEC to which the Făgăraș directly pertain. In the SEC distribution map, we show the presence of taxa within operational geomorphological units (OGUs). Delimitation of OGUs in this area follows a template adopted by Hurdu et al. (2016) [124] in the analysis of plant endemism patterns. Previous knowledge on the distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. is briefly annotated and chorological syntheses of both old and new records are shown. Current toponymic equivalents for old records were obtained from comprehensive syntheses of Szalay (1939) [291] and Bácskai & Willd (2012) [6]. For a good readability of the chorological syntheses, we list the localities in a W E geographical sequence, following the main ridge of the Făgăraș Mts. For similar practical reasons, we present separately the previously known and newly reported distribution record, coupled with their representation on maps for each species. Moreover, we show the distribution of richness and rarity of studied species based on their unique occurrence in quadrats (~4km 2 ) covering the subalpine-alpine zone of the Făgăraș Mts. The hotspots of rarity for selected species are determined solely from the sum of species occurrences per quadrat downweighted by the total number of quadrats in which the species occur in the Făgăraș Mts. Distribution maps, together with richness and rarity analyses were developed in ArcGIS [91]. The synthesis of previously known distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. was compiled after surveying the most important herbarium collections preserving specimens from the SEC: CL, SIB, BP, BUC, and CRAI (acronyms according to Thiers (2016) [303]). Herbarium collections kept in the Bruckenthal Natural History Museum from Sibiu (SIB) were given following Drăgulescu s (2010) [88] comprehensive synthesis of the Făgăraș Mts., but comments were made on certain critical taxa. Relevant literature sources were also consulted to obtain a complete coverage of known localities in both the Făgăraș Mts and the CMR. To our best knowledge, there is no additional significant chorological information listed in other herbarium collections or published scientific sources concerning the occurrence of these taxa in the Făgăraș Mts. The synonyms mainly follow the recent taxonomical concepts and are based on the continuously updated Euro+Med database [92], The Plant List [302], and Flora Europaea [307]. For practical reasons, we opted for the list of taxa presented in alphabetical order within each of two main sections, which are delimited based on the degree of chorological novelty. The first section discusses new and (re)confirmed taxa in the flora of the Făgăraș Mts., while the second section presents new distribution records for other rare high-mountain taxa. The main criterion for evaluating old records relates to the time since last certifiable mention of the species from the Făgăraș Mts., records dated more than 60 years ago (before 1950) being considered reconfirmed. Results and Discussion Out of the 35 taxa discussed here, in the first section we present chorological novelties comprising two new, and four hereby confirmed or rediscovered taxa in the Făgăraș Mts. (Table 1, highlighted in bold). Two of these taxa (Carex rupestris and Plantago atrata subsp. carpatica) are recorded for the first time in the Făgăraș Mts. C. rupestris, a discrete saxicolous taxon typical for carbonaterich habitats, was constantly overlooked in ranges that were intensely surveyed by the botanists (e.g., the Piatra Craiului, Ciucaș, and Rarău Mts.). C. rupestris was found in three different regions of the Făgăraș Mts. (Piatra Caprei limestone cliffs in the Sâmbăta Valley, below Roșu Moldoveanului Peak, and in the area west of Mușețeica Peak from the Râiosu-Buda Mts). P.

7 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS.. 83 atrata subsp. carpatica, a Pan-Carpathian endemic was found in one locality, near Roșu Moldoveanului Peak. One taxon (Draba compacta) previously considered doubtful in the Făgăraș Mts. [88, 313] is now confirmed in the vascular flora of the massif, with two new localities (below Roșu Moldoveanului Peak and in the area of Mușețeica Peak from the Râiosu-Buda Mts.). Three additional taxa (Carex parviflora, Leontodon kulczynskii and Silene zawadzkii) were rediscovered after more than 60 years since their last ascertainable mention from the Făgăraș Mts., these findings bearing significant biogeographic importance. C. parviflora, a typical European alpine element, is found at its eastern range limit in the Carpathians, where the existence of few disjunct populations (e.g., the Czerwone Wierchy calcareous massif in the WC, or the Țibleș, Bucegi, Făgăraș, Parâng, and Ceahlău Mts. in the SEC) could indicate a relict origin for this taxon. Conversely, due to its intricate taxonomy and discrete morphological differentiation from other closely related taxa (C. atrata and C. nigra), future research in the SEC could uncover other previously overlooked populations of C. parviflora. To our best knowledge, there were no other records of its presence in the Făgăraș Mts. during the last 60 years. L. kulczynskii, a SEC endemic, occurs only in the Romanian and the Ukrainian Carpathians and, according to Drăgulescu (2010) [88], it has not been found for more than 50 years in the northern and western parts of Făgăraș Mts., with no other existing recent records from the rest of the range. We found this taxon at the Piatra Caprei limestone cliffs, not far below the Muchia Sâmbetei ridge. Finally, in the same area we discovered a new population of Silene zawadzkii. This taxon was often reported as an Eastern Carpathian endemic [47, 136, 266], although old records [193, 276] indicated its presence in the Făgăraș Mts. Its disjunct distribution, with the closest populations in the Giurgeu-Hășmaș Mts., could be caused by a long-distance dispersal event or it could indicate a former larger distribution area of this endemic. A surprising discovery provides additional support for the second hypothesis, with an overlooked herbarium specimen of S. zawadzkii being collected in the Bucegi Mts. (Hegedüs Á, , BP ), being recently discovered by the authors in the Carpatho-Pannonicum Herbarium collection of the Budapest Natural History Museum (BP). The second section of the chorological discussion comprises new records for 29 rare or endemic taxa previously known to occur in the Făgăraș Mts. (Table 1, not highlighted in bold). Among other notable floristic novelties presented here, one taxon (Aquilegia transsilvanica) was previously indicated as a SEC endemic [136, 209]. However, to our best knowledge, based on the analysis of herbarium specimens (CL, BP, SIB, BUC, CRAI) and field surveys, mentions of A. transsilvanica from the Romanian EC probably originated from misidentification of specimens belonging to A. vulgaris or A. nigricans. A similar situation was highlighted also in the Ukrainian literature [138]. Finally, the previous reports from the Buzăului Mts. were based on a wrong nomenclatural assignment made by Hoffman (1864) [123], which was later clarified in the synthesis of Brândză ( ) [28], more than 100 years ago. All these support the acceptance of this taxon s confinement to the SC, delimiting together with synendemic taxon Festuca bucegiensis the area of endemism from the eastern part of the SC [124].

8 Table 1: Overview of the general distribution, range limits (if it falls in the Southern Carpathians) and general ecological requirements for the 35 taxa discussed in this paper [new and (re)confirmed taxa are shown in bold]. References are given for each taxon shown within the photographic plates. The altitudinal range for each species is given based on the vertical climatic zonation of mountains (mont. Montane; subalp. Subalpine; alp. Alpine). Taxon name General Range limit in the Southern Carpathian Distribution in the Altitudinal Favourable habitat (reference to photographic plate) distribution Carpathians (SC) endemic Făgăraș Mts. range Androsace obtusifolia Alp.-Eur. Eastern limit No New distribution data siliceous intermediate alp. Aquilegia transsilvanica (Fig. 22A) S Carpathians Endemic to the SC Yes New distribution data siliceous intermediate subalp. alp. Arabidopsis neglecta (Fig. 37D) Carpathians Southern limit Yes New distribution data siliceous intermediate alp. Armeria alpina Alp.-Eur. Eastern limit No New distribution data intermediate subalp. alp. Astragalus alpinus (Fig. 22D) Arct.-Alp. (Circ.) - No New distribution data intermediate alp. Astragalus australis (Fig. 29A) Euras. - No New distribution data calcareous subalp. alp. Callianthemum coriandrifolium (Fig. 37B) Alp.-Eur. Eastern limit No New distribution data calcareous intermediate subalp. alp. Campanula transsilvanica (Fig. 22B) Carp.-Balk. - No New distribution data siliceous intermediate subalp. alp. Campanula wanneri Carp.-Balk. - No New distribution data siliceous intermediate mont. subalp. Carex parviflora (Fig. 9A) Alp.-Eur. Eastern limit No Found after >60 years calcareous subalp. alp. Carex rupestris (Fig.9.B) Arct.-Alp. (Circ.) - No New species calcareous subalp. alp. Dianthus superbus subsp. alpestris (Fig. 9C) Alp.-Eur. Eastern limit No New distribution data indifferent subalp. Draba compacta Carp.-Balk. Northeastern limit No Confirmed calcareous subalp. alp. Eritrichium nanum (incl. E. jankae) (Fig. 29D) Alps (SE Carp) -? New distribution data siliceous (calcareous) subalp. alp. Festuca bucegiensis S Carpathians Endemic to the SC Yes New distribution data siliceous alp. Gentiana frigida (Fig. 22C) Alp.-Eur. Eastern limit No New distribution data siliceous alp. Geum reptans (Fig. 22E) Alp.-Eur. Eastern limit No New distribution data siliceous intermediate alp. Jacobaea incana subsp. carniolica (Fig. 37E) Alp.-Carp. Eastern limit No New distribution data siliceous alp. Kobresia myosuroides Arct.-Alp. (Circ.) - No New distribution data calcareous intermediate alp. Leontodon kulczynskii SE Carpathians Southern limit Yes Found after >60 years calcareous subalp. alp. Ligusticum mutellinoides Arct.-Alp. Southern limit No New distribution data calcareous intermediate alp. Papaver corona-sancti-stephani (Fig. 29C) SE Carpathians Southern limit Yes New distribution data calcareous alp. Persicaria alpina Euras. - No New distribution data siliceous alp. Phyteuma vagneri SE Carpathians Southern limit Yes New distribution data siliceous intermediate subalp. alp. Plantago atrata subsp. carpatica Carpathians Southern limit Yes New species calcareous subalp. alp. Primula halleri Alp.-Eur. Eastern limit No New distribution data calcareous subalp. alp. Ranunculus alpestris Alp.-Eur. Eastern limit No New distribution data calcareous intermediate alp. Salix alpina (Fig. 29B) Alp.-Eur. Eastern limit No New distribution data calcareous alp. Salix hastata Arct.-Alp. - No New distribution data calcareous intermediate subalp. Saponaria pumila (Fig. 37A) Alp.-Carp. Eastern limit No New distribution data siliceous alp. Saussurea alpina Arct.-Alp. - No New distribution data intermediate alp. Saxifraga hieraciifolia Arct.-Alp. (Circ.) Southern limit No New distribution data indifferent subalp. alp. Saxifraga retusa subsp. retusa (Fig. 37C) Alp.-Eur. Eastern limit No New distribution data siliceous alp. Silene lerchenfeldiana Carp.-Balk. Northern limit No New distribution data siliceous alp. Silene zawadzkii (Fig. 9D) SE Carpathians Southern limit Yes Found after >60 years calcareous mont. subalp.

9 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS.. 85 Most of the studied taxa occur more frequently in the alpine zone of the Făgăraș Mts., with only scarcely disseminated individuals descending to lower elevations. Few taxa are confined to the montane and subalpine zones (e.g., Campanula wanneri, Dianthus superbus subsp. alpestris, Salix hastata, and Silene zawadzkii). Many of the rare species (e.g., Astragalus australis, Draba compacta, Papaver alpinum subsp. corona sancti-stephani, Ranunculus alpestris, Salix alpina, Silene zawadzkii) are confined to calcareous habitats, which are scarcely distributed throughout the entire range. Other taxa occur in grassland patches developed on abrupt slopes with nutrient-enriched soils (e.g., Persicaria alpina and Phyteuma vagneri). It is recognised that species ecological niche can be expressed in space by their range limits [280]. This is of relevance when considering that many of the discussed taxa have one of their range limits in the Southern Carpathians (shown in Table 1), with disjunct populations across the Carpathians (e.g., Androsace obtusifolia, Arabidopsis neglecta, Armeria alpina, Callianthemum coriandrifolium, Carex parviflora, Gentiana frigida, Geum reptans, Ligusticum mutellinoides, Primula halleri, Salix alpina, Saponaria pumila, Saxifraga hieraciifolia). Potentially representing remnants of past range shifts, the populations of these species in the Făgăraș Mts. vary to some degree in terms of size and abundance, ranging from few scarcelydisseminated individuals (Androsace obtusifolia, Callianthemum coriandrifolium, Gentiana frigida, Saponaria pumila, etc.) to more developed populations. Moreover, several taxa (e.g., Androsace obtusifolia, Astragalus alpinus, Callianthemum coriandrifolium, Geum reptans, and Salix alpina) occur in the Făgăraș Mts. in habitats better described as marginal in reference to their known general ecological requirements. The total number of non-overlapping records in the Făgăraș Mts. for the 35 studied taxa ranges from one (Plantago atrata subsp. carpatica) to over 50 (e.g., Aquilegia transsilvanica). Although most of the records are linked with the historically more strongly glaciated northern slopes, extending the botanical surveys to the southern and eastern parts may uncover significantly more data on the distribution of high-mountain taxa in the Făgăraș Mts. Moreover, the overall distribution of records for these taxa possibly indicates an unbalanced previous coverage of the Făgăraș Mts. by botanical surveys, with few central regions (e.g., Bâlea glacial cirque, the Arpaș and Râiosu-Buda Mts.) providing most of the known records, while the eastern part appears less botanically explored. The novel records span from previously known localities (Fig. 2A, overlapping blue and red dots with composite colour) from local hotspots of diversity in the central part of the range (e.g., Râiosu-Buda Mts. and Bâlea glacial cirque) (Fig. 2B) to new reports from regions in the eastern part of the range (e.g., Roșu Moldoveanului Peak, Piatra Caprei limestone cliffs, and Urlea glacial cirque) (Fig. 2A, non-overlapping blue dots). Distribution of the old records can be only partly explained by the actual distribution of highly diverse areas. It may also result from a concurrence of factors that include access difficulties to remote areas in the eastern and southern parts of the range. Although not as rich in records for high-mountain taxa (considering our selection), these eastern regions harbour many of the rare taxa occurring in the range (Fig. 2C). Moreover, the occurrence in the eastern part of the Făgăraș Mts. of all the novelties presented in the first section of this paper indeed seem to indicate a lower coverage of these regions by previous floristic surveys. Future studies may reveal other important floristic (re)discoveries (e.g., Pedicularis baumgartenii, Primula wulfeniana subsp. baumgarteniana, Ranunculus glacialis). In this regard, we consider the Făgăraș Mts. still one of the most unexplored important mountainous regions across the

10 86 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA Carpathians. Finally, except for Saxifraga hieraciifolia, all the taxa discussed here are included in the national red lists and red books of Poland, Ukraine and Romania, emphasising the high conservative value of the subalpine and alpine habitats from the Făgăraș Mts. Consequently, we find this contribution especially timely and important in view of the ongoing efforts towards the establishment of a National Park protection status for the Făgăraș Mts. 1. New and (re)confirmed high-mountain taxa from the Făgăraş Mts Carex parviflora Host non Gaudin [= Carex atrata var. parviflora (Host) Beck; Carex atrata subsp. nigra (Gaudin) Hartm.; Carex atrata var. nigra Gaudin; Carex binata Poir.; Carex nigra All. non (L.) Reichard, nom. illeg.; Carex pirinensis Acht.] Carex parviflora is a typical representative of the alpine biogeographical element, found in the high mountains of Central and Southern Europe [144], from the Carpathians, through the Dinarides [1] and the Northern Balkan Peninsula (Pirin Mts.) [5], the Apennines [222], to mountains of the northern part of the Iberic Peninsula [38]. It is considered a characteristic species for pioneer communities of the Arabidetalia caeruleae order [1, 37] that comprises chionophilous, mesotrophic plant communities growing on calcareous or dolomitic screes and ridges, from the subalpine to alpine belt Distribution of C. parviflora in the Carpathians In the WC, C. parviflora is a very rare species and occurs exclusively in the alpine belt of the Tatra Mts. (mainly in the calcareous massif of Czerwone Wierchy). The first mention of C. parviflora from the SEC (Fig. 3A) dates from the 19 th century, when Simonkai (1886) [284] mentioned this taxon from the alpine belt of the Bucegi Mts. Subsequently, the species was recorded from the same massif (Obârşia, Doamnele Mt. and Mălăieşti Valley) by Beldie (1967b) [15]. It was also reported from Țibleș Mts. (F. Porcius, CL 2889), Parâng Mts. [294] and Ceahlău Massif [324]. The presence of C. parviflora in the eutrophic mires of Drăgoioasa reserve in the Călimani Mts. [209] should be more carefully investigated since the habitat available in this location is very distant from the ecological preference of the species recorded elsewhere. This species is rare (R) in the SEC, being included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208] Previously known distribution of C. parviflora in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 3B) C. parviflora was hitherto recorded in the Făgăraș Mts. only from three localities: the Suru, Ciortea and Piscu Laiții (Piscu Lauti) peaks [88]. Two of these localities (Ciortea Peak and Piscu Laiții) are based on old records from the 19 th century (e.g., Herbarium M. Fuss in SIB, ap. Drăgulescu (2010) [88]). Schur (1866) [276] mentioned C. parviflora from the steep rocky outcrops of the Piscu Lauti ( Aus grasigen Abhängen zwischen Felsen in den Fogaraser Alpen 6500 : Piscu Lauti ). It is noteworthy that Schur meant by the Fogarascher Alpen the Brezei Mt. in the eastern Făgăraş Mts., and not the central part of the Făgăraş Mts. Moreover, Simonkai (1886) [284] assimilated the Piscu-Lauti toponymy for Gaure de Lotri sensu Baumgarten (1816) [9], situated near Zyrna (= Zârna) Valley, in the eastern part of Făgăraş Mts. The toponym Piscul Laiţii (central part of the Făgăraş Mts., near the Negoiu Peak), was probably erroneously mentioned in the Romanian Flora [294] as a locality for C. parviflora, being unrelated to Piscu Lauti sensu Schur (1866) [276].

11 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS.. 87 Fig. 2: Overview of the occurrence in the Făgăraș Mts. of the 35 taxa discussed in this paper. A. Distribution of the previously known (red dots) and new distribution records (blue dots), with overlapping localities shown in composite colour. B. Distribution of relative species richness. C. Distribution of richness downweighted by the total number of unique occurrences in quadrats from the studied area.

12 88 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA Chorological synthesis: Suru Peak (Lit.: Fuss (1866) [104], Simonkai (1886) [284], Şerbănescu & Nyárády (1966a) [294]); Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss); Ciortea Peak (Lit.: Şerbănescu & Nyárády (1966a) [294]; Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss); Piscu Laiții (Piscu Lauti) (Lit.: Schur (1866) [276], Şerbănescu & Nyárády (1966a) [294]) Newly reported distribution records of C. parviflora, reconfirming its presence in the Făgăraș Mts. (Fig. 3B) Recently (2013, 2016), we discovered a new locality of C. parviflora in the Făgăraş Mts. on the NW slope of Mușețeica Peak, where it grows in the dolomitic rocky meadows, together with Dryas octopetala, Carex sempervirens, Polygonum viviparum, Silene acaulis, Pedicularis verticillata, Saxifraga moschata, Cerastium transsilvanicum, etc. Chorological synthesis: below Mușețeica Peak, western flank [Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; Muşețeica Peak area [Bartók A. & Bartha L., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]. Fig. 3: Carex parviflora. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis) Carex rupestris All. [= Carex attenuata R.Br.; Carex drummondiana Dewey; Carex dufourei Lapeyr.; Carex petraea Wahlenb.; Caricinella rupestris (All.) St.-Lag.; Edritria rupestris (All.) Raf.] C. rupestris is an arctic-alpine species, largely distributed in the Northern hemisphere, in the Arctic (circumpolar) regions and the high mountains of the temperate zones of Europe, North America and Asia [38, 144, 171]. The typical habitat of C. rupestris is represented by dry heaths and arctic-alpine grasslands, on wind-swept flats and ridges, always on well-drained substrates, mainly on limestone or carbonate-rich bedrock. It is regarded as a characteristic species for Carici rupestris-kobresietea bellardi class [55, 281] Distribution of C. rupestris in the Carpathians In the WC, C. rupestris is a rare species. Its populations are scattered in a few mountain ranges of the Slovak part of the mountains (Tatry Mts., Nizké Tatry Mts., Vel ka Fatra Mts., Mala Fatra Mts. [37]). In the SEC (Fig. 4A), C. rupestris was first mentioned in the 19 th century by Heuffel (1858) [120] from the Skarisora (= Scărişoara) Mt. in the Godeanu Mts. However, Heuffel (1858) [120] erroneously reported it as Elyna spicata Schrad. (= Kobresia myosuroides (Vill.)

13 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS.. 89 Fiori), being later revised by Simonkai (1886) [284], but see also Degen (1902) [76]. This first mention would go unnoticed for a long period in the botanical literature. It was only Grecescu s (1898) [109] second record from the Tutila Mt. (Godeanu Mts.) that certified the presence of this species in the SEC. Further records were given from the Hășmaș [76], Vlădeasa [70, 250], Rodna [251, 295], Bucegi [15], Bistriței [309], Maramureşului (from the Cearcănul Mt.) [253], Cozia (G. Negrean, 1975, CL ), Piule-Piatra Iorgovanului [73], Ceahlău [198, 324], and Piatra Mare Mts. [36]. C. rupestris was also recorded in several mountain ranges of the EC in Ukraine: Borzhava (Polonynas, Mahura-Zhide Mt.), Chornohora (Petros, Velyki Kizly, Shpitsi, Smotrych Mts.), Chyvchyny (Gnetesa Mt.), at m a.s.l. in subalpine-alpine limestone outcrops, in Carici rupestris-kobresietea bellardii communities [42, 74], and is considered a glacial relict by Tasenkevich (2006) [299]. Very small, relict populations occur also on flysch rocky outcrops in the Bieszczady Mts. (Polish part of the EC) [180]. It is worth mentioning that this discrete taxon was constantly overlooked in ranges that were intensely surveyed by the botanists. Such as, only recently, the species was reported from the Piatra Craiului Massif (Ciocârlan 2003; M. Pușcaș & B.-I. Hurdu, 2009, CL ), Rarău Massif at Pietrele Doamnei (M. Pușcaș & B.-I. Hurdu, 2009, CL ) and Popii Rarăului (A. Bartók, unpubl. data), Trei Pietre Peak in Ciucului Mts. (B.-I. Hurdu & P.D. Turtureanu, 2014, CL ), and Ciucaș Mts. (M. Pușcaș & B.-I. Hurdu, 2009, CL ; G. Negrean, 1982, CL ). A mention of C. rupestris from the Cernei Mts. by Oprea (2005) [209], was based on the record of Boșcaiu [25]. However, this record refers to Scărișoara Mt. in the Godeanu Mts. (see above). Finally, we expect new records will be reported in the future from other ranges of the SEC, considering the large distribution gap existing between the Făgăraș and Țarcu Mts., which holds potentially favourable habitats for this species (e.g., Buila-Vânturarița Massif, or the Latorița, Parâng, and Retezat Mts.). C. rupestris is considered a rare species (R) throughout the SEC, tightly linked with the scarce distribution of calcareous areas. It is included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208], the Ukrainian Red Book [74], and the Polish Red Book [180]. Fig. 4: Carex rupestris. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis) Distribution of C. rupestris, a new species for the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 4B) We collected C. rupestris in three localities from the Făgăraș Mts. that represent the first

14 90 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA reports of the species from this range: below Roșu Moldoveanului Peak (2013), from the Piatra Caprei limestone cliffs (2015) and in the area of Muşețeica Peak (2016). It usually grows in limestone and dolomitic rock crevices. In the Mușețeica Peak area, it was encountered in phytocoenoses of the plant association Achilleo schurii-dryadetum, together with Achillea oxyloba subsp. schurii, Dianthus glacialis subsp. gelidus, Dryas octopetala, Polygonum viviparum, Pinguicula alpina, Pedicularis oederi, Salix reticulata, Saxifraga moschata, Saxifraga aizoides, Viola alpina, etc. In the Piatra Caprei limestone cliffs, it occurs together with Achillea oxyloba subsp. schurii, Arabis alpina, Asplenium viride, Campanula polymorpha, Eritrichium nanum subsp. jankae, Kernera saxatilis, Hieracium bifidum, Polygonum viviparum, Saxifraga luteoviridis, Silene zawadzkii, etc. Chorological synthesis: Muşețeica Peak area [Bartók A. & Bartha L., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; below Roșul Moldoveanului Peak, eastern glacial cirque [Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; Piatra Caprei limestone cliffs [Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ] Draba compacta Schott, Nyman & Kotschy [= Draba aizoon Wahlenb. subsp. compacta (Schott) Simonkai; D. lasiocarpa Rochel subsp. compacta (Schott) Soó; D. lasiocarpa var. compacta (Schott) Stoj. & Stefanov] Although previously considered endemic for the SC [238], D. compacta was later discovered in the mountains of the Balkan Peninsula: Bulgaria (the Pirin Mts.) [288], Macedonia, and Bosnia [131, 270], with a single record from the mountainous region of Albania. [112]. Noteworthy, the populations of D. compacta from the SC are found at its northern range limit. The species occurs mostly in sun-exposed (sometimes wind-swept) carbonate-rich rocky habitats from the subalpine and alpine zones Distribution of D. compacta in the Carpathians (Fig. 5A) D. compacta occurs only in the SEC, being recorded from the eastern part of the SC. First discovered in the Bârsei Mts. by Baumgarten (1816) [9], who reported it as D. ciliata L., it was later described as a new species by Schott (1854) [269], based on specimens collected by Kotschy in 1850 from the Piatra Craiului Mts. ( In cacumine Krajului prope Kronstadt, alt ped., 20 Aug 1850, leg. T. Kotschy ). In the SEC, D. compacta is distributed only in the southern ranges in the Bucegi [15, 119, 284], Piatra Craiului [14, 119, 173, 284], Făgăraș [313], and Bârsei Mts. (the Piatra Mare and Postăvaru Massifs) [18, 36, 119, 276, 284]. D. compacta is considered a rare (R) species in the SEC, being included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208] Previously known distribution of D. compacta in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 5B) D. compacta was first reported by Ungar (1925) [313] from Podrăgel Peak, but with uncertainty over its taxonomic assignment. To our best knowledge, there were no other mentions of this taxon from the Făgăraș Mts. Chorological synthesis: Podrăgel Peak (Lit.: Ungar (1925) [313]; Herb. SIB: Herb. K Ungar) Newly reported distribution records of D. compacta, confirming its presence in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 5B) We recently discovered two populations of D. compacta, occurring in the limestone outcrops and screes on the western slope below Mușețeica Peak and in the glacial cirque below the Roșu Moldoveanului Peak. Although not fully evaluated, these populations were not well-

15 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS.. 91 developed, only a few individuals were found in the Mușețeica Peak area together with Festuca stricta subsp. saxatilis, Thymus comosus, Alyssum repens, Biscutella laevigata, Draba kotschyi, Viola alpina, Polygonum viviparum, etc. Chorological synthesis: below Mușețeica Peak, western part [Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; Mușețeica glacial cirque [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m; Bartók A., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Muşețeica Peak area [Bartók A. & Bartha L., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; below Roșu Moldoveanului Peak, eastern glacial cirque [Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]. Fig. 5: Draba compacta. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis) Leontodon kulczynskii Popov [= Apargia caucasica M. Bieb.; A. alpina Baumg.; L. caucasicus auct. transs. et rom.; L. hispidus L. subsp. repens (Schur) Jáv.; Leontodon repens Schur, nom. illeg.] Distribution of L. kulczynskii in the Carpathians (Fig. 6A) L. kulczynskii is a SEC endemic, occurring only in Romania and Ukraine [124, 136, 192], in the EC, SC and the Apuseni Mts. [45, 47, 204, 298, 299]. It has been subject to several confusions in the past due to its unclear nomenclatural assignations (mainly with the Caucasian taxon Leontodon caucasicus (M. Bieb.) Fisch.). It was first recorded by Baumgarten (1816) [9], under Aspargia alpina Host., from the Făgăraș (Szuruluj = Suru Peak), Bucegi, Țibleș (Csiblesz = Țibleș Peak and Arszul = Arcer Peak), and Rodna Mts. (Dscheammeanie = Gemenea or Puzdrele Peak) [7]. In the EC it was also mentioned from the Gorgany, Svydovets, Chornohora, Chyvchyny [42, 192, 299] and both Ukrainian [192, 299] and Romanian [204] parts of the Marmarosh (Maramureș) Mts. [42, 192, 204, 299]. Furthermore, it was recorded in the Romanian part of the EC from the Rodna [54], Călimani [67], Bistriței [204], Hășmaș [276], Rarău [243], and Ceahlău Mts. [324]. In the SC, L. kulczynskii was reported from the subalpine zone of Bârsei (Postăvaru, Cristianul Mare Peak) [284], Bucegi [9], and Retezat Mts. [284]. Surprisingly, it was also reported from Almăjului Mts. (Berzasca on Dealul Oprișor) [169], although this species is mostly confined to higher altitudes (subalpine zone). Finally, L. kulczynskii was reported from the Apuseni Mts, in Bihor-Vlădeasa Mts. (Găina Mt.) [204]. It grows mainly in moderately humid grassland and calcareous outcrops, on abrupt slopes of the

16 92 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA subalpine and alpine zones. L. kulczynskii is a rare (R) endemic species of the SEC, being included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208] Previously known distribution of L. kulczynskii in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 6B) L. kulczynskii was first mentioned from the Făgăraș Mts. (Arpaș Mts.) by Baumgarten [1816], from the Suru Peak, under Aspargia alpina Host. Schur (1859, 1866) [275, 276] later reported it under various names (Apargia caucasica M.B., Leontodon caucasicus Schur, L. caucasicus M.B. nec Rchb., L. caucasicus Fisch., L. repens Schur, etc.) also from various regions of the Făgăraș Mts. (incl. the Arpaș, Cârțișoara, and Breaza Mts.). Chorological synthesis: Făgăraș Mts. (Lit.: Schur (1866) [276]); Suru Peak (Lit.: Baumgarten (1816) [9], Simonkai (1886) [284]); Avrigel (Herb. SIB: Herb. K. Ungar); Șerbota Valley, ca m (Lit.: Pawłowski (1939) [216], Nyárády (1965) [204]); Cârtișoara s Mts. (Lit.: Schur (1866) [276], Simonkai (1886) [284]); Bâlea Valley, ca m (Lit.: Nyárády (1965) [204], Drăgulescu (2000) [85]); Bâlea Waterfall (Lit.: Csató (1888) [65], Nyárády (1965) [204], Drăgulescu (2000) [85]); Arpaș Mts. (Lit.: Schur (1852, 1866) [272, 276], Fuss (1866) [104], Simonkai (1886) [284], Csongor (1947) [66], Nyárády (1965) [204]); Breaza Mts. (Lit.: Schur (1859) [275], Simonkai (1886) [284]) Newly reported distribution records of L. kulczynskii, reconfirming its presence in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 6B) We found a new population of L. kulczynskii in the eastern part of the range, growing in calcareous grasslands and screes on abrupt western facing slopes from the Piatra Caprei, together with Acinos alpinus, Campanula serrata, Dactylorhiza viridis, Dianthus superbus subsp. alpestris, Polygonum bistorta, Carex sempervirens, Tephroseris papposa, Phyteuma orbiculare, Gentiana acaulis, etc. Chorological synthesis: Piatra Caprei limestone cliffs [Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL]. Fig. 6: Leontodon kulczynskii. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis) Plantago atrata Hoppe subsp. carpatica (Soó) Soó [= Plantago alpina Schur; P. fuscescens Schur; P. montana Lam. non Huds. subsp. carpatica Soó] Distribution of P. atrata subsp. carpatica in the Carpathians Being recognised as a Pan-Carpathian endemic, differentiated from its Alpine conspecific taxon [125, 136, 300], this subspecies occurs throughout its range mostly on calcareous or

17 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS.. 93 nutrient-enriched soils on siliceous bedrock, but also on eroded soils from snow-dischargement mountain torrents. In the WC, the northernmost populations of this taxon usually occur scattered in the alpine belt of the Tatry Mts., mostly in snowbed communities on calcareous bedrock. In the SEC (Fig. 7A), P. atrata subsp. carpatica was reported from both Ukraine and Romania [125, 192]. In Ukraine, the species was reported from the Chyvchyny (Sulygul- Chyvchyn) Mts. by Velychko (2006, 2009) [317, 318]. However, Chopyk (1977) [42] and Tasenkevich (2006) [299] mentioned the species also from the Svydovets and Chornohora Mts. (occurring in mountain meadows, between 1300 and 1880 m a.s.l.). In the Romanian EC, this taxon was mentioned from the Rodna [253], Hășmaș [189], Ciucului and Nemira Mts. [178]. In the SC, it was previously recorded from the Bucegi [15], Piatra Craiului [49], Cozia [52], Buila- Vânturarița (Ciurchea M., CL ), Latorița [32], Parâng [46], Vâlcan [164], and Piule-Piatra Iorgovanului Mts. [72]. Finally, previously reported by Boșcaiu (1971) [25] from the Țarcu and Godeanu Mts., this taxon was recently found near Țarcu Peak (Pușcaș M., Hurdu B.-I., Turtureanu P. D., 2014, CL ) and in the eroded slopes below the peak of Muntele Mic Mt. (Pușcaș M., Hurdu B.-I., 2014, CL ). P. atrata subsp. carpatica is considered a rare (R) Pan-Carpathian endemic taxon in the SEC, being included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208] Distribution of P. atrata subsp. carpatica, a new species for the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 7B) We found this taxon, reported here for the first time from the Făgăraș Mts., occurring on nutrient-enriched soils and calcareous outcrops from the eastern glacial circus below Roșu Moldoveanului Peak. Chorological synthesis: below Roșu Moldoveanului Peak, eastern glacial cirque [Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]. Fig. 7: Distribution of Plantago atrata subsp. carpatica. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis) Silene zawadzkii Herbich [= Melandrium zawadzkii (Herbich) A. Braun, Silenanthe zawadzkii Griseb. & Schenk] Distribution of S. zawadzkii in the Carpathians (Fig. 8A) S. zawadzkii is a SEC endemic, occurring mainly in the Ukrainian and Romanian parts of the EC [124, 192], with only a few disjunct populations in the SC in the Făgăraș and Bucegi Mts.

18 94 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA S. zawadzkii was found in the Ukrainian Carpathians in the Chyvchyny Mts., occurring in only three sites: the upper sector of Biliy Cheremosh river (Velykiy Kamin' Mt. on the Chorniy Dil Mts.), Urochystche Preluky on the left bank of Pryluchnyy stream left tributary of Perkalab river, and the Mokryniv Kamin Mt. [42, 44, 108, 153, 163, 306]. It grows here on steep lime rocks from the upper montane zone ( m a.s.l.), in Saxifragetum luteoviridis, Cystopteridetum fragilis, and Festucetum saxatilis communities [44]. In the Romanian Carpathians, it was previously reported from the Țibleș [60], Maramureș [57], Rodna [54], Obcinele Bucovinene [214], Rarău, Giurgeu, Hășmaș [116], Bistriței, Ceahlău [324], and Stânișoarei Mts. [210]. It is worth mentioning that this taxon was often reported as an EC endemic [47, 136, 266], although old records [193, 276] indicated its presence in the Făgăraș Mts. (SC). Its disjunct occurrence in the Făgăraș Mts., with the closest populations in the Giurgeu-Hășmaș Mts. (EC), could be caused by a long-distance dispersal event or it could be the result of a former larger distribution area. A surprising discovery provides additional support for the second hypothesis, with an overlooked herbarium specimen of S. zawadzkii being collected in the Bucegi Mts. (Hegedüs Á, , BP ), being recently discovered by the authors in the Carpato- Pannonicum Herbarium collection of the Budapest Natural History Museum (BP). S. zawadzkii is considered a rare (R) endemic species in the SEC, being included in both the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208] and the Ukrainian Red Book [44] Previously known distribution of S. zawadzkii in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 8B) The species was first mentioned from the Făgăraș Mts. by Schur (1859) [275], from the calcareous sites north of the Arpaș Mts. (Schusterresidenz). A more recent record came from the eastern part of the range, from the Muchia Trăznita ridge (Nyárády, 1930, CL ). Our new finding from Piatra Caprei represents an intermediately situated population between the two previously reported sites from the Făgăraș Mts.: Trăznita Peak and Muchia Albota ridge. Chorological synthesis: Muchia Albota ridge, at Schusterresidenz (Lit.: Schur (1859, 1866) [275, 276], Fuss (1866) [104], Simonkai (1886) [284], Gușuleac (1953) [116]); Trăznita Peak (Lit.: Nyárády (1942) [193]; Herb. CL: Nyárády, 1930, CL ). Fig. 8: Silene zawadzkii. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis).

19 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS Newly reported distribution records of S. zawadzkii, reconfirming its presence in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 8B) We found the species in two sites from the eastern part of the Făgăraș Mts., of which one is reported here for the first time (Piatra Caprei limestone cliffs). The species was usually found on limestone cliffs and in grasslands on calcareous screes, growing together with: Carex sempervirens, Gymnadenia conopsea, Hieracium villosum, Saxifraga luteoviridis, Allium lusitanicum, Centaurea kotschyana, Ranunculus oreophilus, Leontopodium alpinum, Cerastium transsilvanicum, Linum extraaxilare, Carduus kerneri, Kernera saxatilis, etc. Chorological synthesis: Piatra Caprei limestone cliffs [Hurdu B.-I. & Bartha L., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ; Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m; Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; below Trăznita Peak [Bartók A., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]. 2. Additions to the distribution of known high-mountain taxa from Făgăraş Mts Androsace obtusifolia All. [= Androsace aretioides (Gaudin) Hegetschw.; Androsace aretioides Heer ex Duby; Androsace brevifolia Vill.; Androsace lachenalii C.C. Gmel.; Androsace lactea Vill. non L.; Androsace longiseta Schur] A. obtusifolia is a European endemic, its distribution ranging from the Alps [1] and the northern Apennines [222] in the west, to the Carpathians, and the mountains of the northern Balkan Peninsula (Western Stara Planina) [5] in the east. It is mostly confined to siliceous bedrocks [159, 222] Distribution of A. obtusifolia in the Carpathians In the WC, the species occurs mainly on siliceous but nutrient-enriched high-mountain (mostly alpine belt) sites in the Tatry Mts. (a few dozen of scattered, usually very small populations) and in the Nízke Tatry Mts. Together with a probably extinct population in the Sudety Mts., the WC populations represent the north-eastern edge of the general distribution. A. obtusifolia is a rare species in the SEC, where it is found at the eastern limit of its range (Fig. 10A). It was first recorded from the Făgăraş, Bucegi and Piatra Mare Mts. by Baumgarten (1816) [9]. Further records were given from the Bucegi Mts (the Caraiman, Coştila and Omu Mts., the Ialomița and Alba Valleys) [15, 109], and the Rodna Mts. (Ineu Peak) [104, 236, 276]. However, more recent studies of Buiculescu (1987) [36] in the Piatra Mare Mts., and Coldea (1990) [54] in the Rodna Mts. did not mention the species from any of these ranges. In addition, Simonkai (1886) [284] questioned the presence of this species in the Rodna Mts., while Beldie (1967b) [15] indicated the Bucegi populations as the only certain ones from the SEC. Recent field surveys uncovered new localities from the Bucegi Mts., between the Babele and Caraiman Mt., between Șaua Șugărilor and Omu Peak (Ronikier M., 2004, unpubl. data), in the Bucşoiu and Piatra Arsă Mts. (A. Bartók, 2013, unpubl. data). A. obtusifolia is a rare (R) species in the SEC, being included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208] Previously known distribution of A. obtusifolia in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 10B) Baumgarten (1816) [9] was the first who mentioned A. obtusifolia from the Făgăraș Mts. (Suru and Moașa Mts.). Later Csűrös (1953) [68] recorded the species in the dolomitic outcrops

20 96 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA of Copita Iezerului Peak (Râiosu-Buda Mts.), occurring together with Papaver corona-sanctistephani, Arabis alpina, Viola alpina, Draba kotschyi, etc. Fig. 9: Rare subalpine and alpine taxa from the calcareous habitats of the Făgăraș Mts. A. Carex parviflora (A1. Detail of spikes), from the rocky outcrops below the Mușețeica Peak (photo credit: A. Bartók, ); B. Carex rupestris, from the cliffs below the Mușețeica Peak (photo credit: A. Bartók, ); C. Dianthus superbus subsp. alpestris (C1. Detail of flower), from the calcareous grasslands of the Piatra Caprei limestone cliffs (photo credit: P.-M. Szatmari, ); D. silene zawadzkii, a S-E Carpathian endemic from the rocky outcrops of the Piatra Caprei limestone cliffs (photo credit: P.-M. Szatmari, ). Chorological synthesis: Moașa Peak (Lit.: Baumgarten (1816) [9], Fuss (1866) [104], Simonkai (1886) [284], Morariu (1960) [182]); Suru Peak (Lit.: Baumgarten (1816) [9], Fuss (1866) [104], Schur (1866) [276], Simonkai (1886) [284], Grecescu (1909) [111], Ungar (1913) [312], Morariu (1960) [182]); Bâlea glacial cirque (Lit.: Csűrös (1953) [368], Drăgulescu (2000) [85]); Râiosu Mt. (Lit.: Puşcaru-Soroceanu et al. (1981) [242]); Arpaș Mts. (Lit.: Schur (1866) [276], Simonkai (1886) [284], Morariu (1960) [182]); Râiosu Peak (Lit.: Pop (1993) [229]).

21 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS Newly reported distribution records of A. obtusifolia in the Făgăraș Mts. (Fig. 10B) During our recent field surveys, we found two small patches of A. obtusifolia in the vicinity of the Mușețeica Peak, where it occurs in mixed siliceous and dolomitic outcrops, together with Alyssum repens, Doronicum carpaticum, Viola alpina, Draba kotschyi, Pritzelago alpina subsp. brevicaulis, Saxifraga luteoviridis, Achillea oxyloba subsp. schurii, Rhodiola rosea, etc. Chorological synthesis: below Mușețeica Peak, western flank (Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; Muşețeica Peak [Bartók A. & Bartha L., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]. Fig. 10: Androsace obtusifolia. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis) Aquilegia transsilvanica Schur [= Aquilegia alpina Baumg.; A. baumgartenii Schur; A. glandulosa Janka; A. fussii Zimmeter; A. kitaibelii auct. Trans., non Schott; A. paraplesia Schur; A. sibirica Schur] Distribution of A. transsilvanica in the Carpathians (Fig. 11A) A. transsilvanica, a Southern Carpathian endemic, was previously mentioned from both the EC and the SC [136, 209]. However, to our best knowledge, based on the analysis of herbarium specimens (CL, BP, SIB, BUC, CRAI), literature and field surveys, mentions of A. transsilvanica from both the Ukrainian and Romanian parts of the EC probably originated from misidentification of specimens belonging to A. vulgaris or A. nigricans. In the Ukrainian part of the EC the species was erroneously mentioned [138, 192] by several authors [45, 148, 162, 298, 315, 316] including Atlas Florae Europaeae [128], following the first erroneous report of Visjulina (1950, 1953) [319, 320]. In particular, the species is erroneously reported for Gorgany (Negrovets Mt.) and Chychyny (Velykiy Kamin Mt., Dzhogul mountain pass) [40, 41, 43, 327, 329], and for Svydovets Mts. [138]. According to the Red Book of Ukraine [329] the species is threatened with extinction, mentioned from the upper montane and subalpine belts ( m a.s.l) in communities Adenostyletum-Aconitetum and Festucetum versicoloris (Elyno-Seslerietea) and in Thlaspietea rotundifolii, with few small, fragmented populations. However, Kobiv (2012) [138] made a revision of this taxon in the Ukrainian Carpathians and showed that it was confused with A. vulgaris s.l., see also Novikoff &

22 98 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA Hurdu (2015) [192]. While no herbarium records exist, we assume that previous records from the Rodna and Maramureș Mts. [191] were based on similar misidentifications. Furthermore, we find unusual the records from the Piatra Craiului Massif [174, 183], considering the preference of A. transsilvanica for mostly nutrient-enriched siliceous bedrocks and its very rare occurrence in calcareous habitats. Finally, there was a record from the Buzăului Mts. [194, 209], which seems to be based on a confusion with A. vulgaris. This record originated from the paper of Hoffman (1864) [123], which was later included in the synthesis of Brândză ( ) [28]. However, Brândză synonymized the taxon reported by Hoffmann with A. vulgaris (A. glandulosa Fisch. = A. transsilvanica). This mention is supported also by the reported habitat (between Parscov and Basca Mare rivulets) of Hoffmann s taxon, a lowland region which would be highly unlikely to harbour the alpine A. transsilvanica Schur. Unfortunatelly, subsequent floristic monographs included this mention under A. transsilvanica Schur. All the above support this taxon s confinement to the SC, delimiting together with the sympatric taxon Festuca bucegiensis the area of endemism in the eastern part of the SC [124]. In the SC, the species was recorded from Bucegi [15], Iezer-Păpușa, [194], and Parâng Mts. [31, 104]. A. transsilvanica is a rare (R) endemic of the SC, being included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208] Previously known distribution of A. transsilvanica in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 11B) The species was first collected from this range by Baumgarten (Ucea Mare Peak, 1802, CL 2984) and further recorded also from Dracului Peak [9] as A. alpina. Schur (1853) [273] later described it as a new species (A. transsilvanica), being subsequently reported by Schur (1866) [276], Fuss (1866) [104], and Simonkai (1886) [284] throughout the entire mountain range. Although not a rare element in the Făgăraș Mts., its distribution is limited to the SC, thus representing an important biogeograpic element of the Carpathians. Schur noted its presence also in calcareous habitats ( vorzüglich Kalksubstrat ), however most of its occurrences are rather linked with nutrient-enriched soils formed on siliceous bedrocks. Chorological synthesis: Suru Peak (Lit.: Fuss (1866) [104], Simonkai (1886) [284], Hayek (1916) [119], Szűcs (1943) [293], Nyárády (1953a) [194]); Fruntea Moașei (Lit.: Pușcaru-Soroceanu & Pușcaru (1971) [241]); Avrig lake (Herb. SIB: Herb. J. Bielz, E. Krauss, G. Hergotta, V. Klotz); Ciortea Peak (Lit.: Fuss (1866) [104], Reissenberger (1886) [249], Simonkai (1886) [284], Hayek (1916) [119], Szűcs (1943) [293], Nyárády (1953a) [194]; Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss, Herb. Anexă M. Fuss, Herb. K. Ungar); Muchia Puha ridge (Lit.: Pușcaru- Soroceanu & Pușcaru (1971) [241]); Șerbota Peak (Lit.: Szűcs (1943) [293]); Negoiu Peak (Lit.: Fuss (1866) [104], Reissenberger (1886) [249], Simonkai (1886) [284], Grecescu (1898, 1909) [109, 111], Ungar (1913) [312], Szűcs (1943) [293], Nyárády (1953a) [194], Pușcaru-Soroceanu & Pușcaru (1971) [241]; Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss, Herb. Erika Schneider-Binder, Herb. K. Ungar); Dracului Peak, above Racovița (Lit.: Baumgarten (1816) [9], Fuss (1866) [104], Simonkai (1886) [249], Szűcs (1943) [293], Nyárády (1953a) [194]; Herb. SIB: Herb. K. Ungar); Strunga Ciobanului, ca m (Herb. CL: Voik, 1973); Laița Valley, ca m (Herb. CL: Voik, 1973); Laița glacial cirque (Lit.: Fronius (1856) [98], Fuss (1866) [104], Simonkai (1886) [249], Szűcs (1943) [293], Nyárády (1953a) [194], Drăgulescu (2010) [88]; Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss, Herb. Anexă M. Fuss); Doamnei glacial cirque (Lit.: Fuss (1866) [104], Simonkai (1886) [249], Csató (1888) [65], Szűcs (1943) [293], Nyárády (1953a) [194], Drăgulescu (2010) [88]; Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss; Herb. E.I. Nyárády); Paltinu Peak (Lit.: Grecescu (1909) [111], Nyárády (1953a) [194]); Cârțișoara (Herb. CL: Fuss, 1858, CL 8733); Bâlea Waterfall (Lit.: Simonkai (1886) [249], Nyárády (1953a) [194], Drăgulescu (2000) [85]); Bâlea Valley (Lit.: Szűcs (1943) [293], Nyárády (1953a) [194]; Herb. BP: Thaisz, 1914, BP ); Bâlea glacial cirque (Lit.: Schur (1866) [276], Morariu et al. (1966)

23 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS.. 99 [184], Nyárády (1967) [205], Drăgulescu (2000, 2010) [85, 88]; Herb. SIB: Herb. Erika Schneider-Binder); Bâlea lake (Lit.: Csató (1888) [65], Tuzson (1934) [308], Prodan (1939a) [237], Nyárády (1953a) [194], Pop & Sălăgeanu (1965) [228]; Herb. BP: Zsák, 1910, ca m; Trautmann, 1914, BP ; Tuzson, 1914, BP , ca m; Benedek, 1918, BP ; Kárpáti, 1935, BP ; Herb. CL: Csató, 1887, CL 89689; Entz, 1888, CL ; Muz. Bot. Cluj, 1908, CL ; Hodișan, 1955, CL ; Rațiu, 1955, CL ; Herb. SIB: Herb. E.I. Nyárády; Herb. K. Ungar); between Bâlea and Arpaș (Herb. CL: Kárpáti, 1935, CL ); Capra Peak (Herb. CL: Pachschwöll & Gilli, 2012, CL ); Vânătarea (Vânătoarea) lui Buteanu Peak (Lit.: Prodan (1939a) [237], Drăgulescu (2010) [88]; Herb. BP: Andreánszky, 1914, BP , ca m; Pócs, 1955, BP , ca m); Buteanu Peak (Lit.: Szűcs (1943) [293]); Netedu Peak, cca 2300 m (Herb. BP: Tuzson, 1914, BP ); Râiosu-Buda Massif (Lit.: Buia & Todor (1948a) [33]); Arpașul Mic Peak (Arpășel) (Lit.: Drăgulescu (1999, 2010) [84, 88]); Arpașu Mare Valley (Lit.: Drăgulescu (2010) [88]; Herb. CL: Pop I., 1953, CL ; Herb. SIB: Herb. I. Pop); towards Arpașu Mt. (G. Negrean, 1968, unpubl. data); Arpașul Mare Peak (Vârtopu Peak) (Lit.: Schur (1852, 1866, 1877) [272, 276, 277], Fuss (1854, 1966, 1872) [102, 104, 105], Simonkai (1886) [284], Tuzson (1934) [308], Szűcs (1943) [293], Nyárády (1953a) [194]; Herb. BP: Wolff, 1889, BP , ca m; Tuzson, 1914, BP ; BP , ca m; Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss; Herb. G.A. Kayser); Piatra Răsunătoare (Herb. SIB: Herb. K. Ungar); Ținutul Făgăraș (Herb. CL: Borbas, 1884, CL 22462); Podrăgel glacial cirque (Lit.: Reissenberger (1864) [248]); Podragu Valley (Lit.: Botsch (1991) [27]); Podragu glacial cirque (Lit.: Nyárády (1953a) [194]); Podragu Peak (Lit.: Fuss (1866) [104]); Budislavu (Racovițan) Peak (Lit.: Fuss (1866) [104]); Tărâța Peak (Herb. SIB: Herb. K. Ungar); Ucea Mare Peak (Herb. CL: Baumgarten, 1802, CL 2984; Papai, 1914, CL ; CL 95272); below Moldoveanu Peak (G. Negrean, 1964, pers. comm.); below Fereastra Mare a Sâmbetei (Herb. BP: Vida, 1956, BP ); Moșului Peak, ca m (Lit.: Nyárády (1942) [193]; Herb. CL: Nyárády, 1930, CL ) Newly reported distribution records of A. transsilvanica in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 11B) We found the species throughout most of the range, with well-represented populations especially in the Sâmbăta and Urlea glacial cirques. It frequently occurs on moderately abrupt slopes, in siliceous (rarely calcareous) outcrops and grasslands developed on rich soils, accompanied by Aconitum moldavicum, Doronicum carpaticum, Achillea oxyloba subsp. schurii, Alopecurus pratensis subsp. laguriformis, Anthemis carpatica, Rhododendron myrtifolium, etc. Chorological synthesis: Pietroasa glacial cirque [Bartók A. & Bartha L., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Bâlea Valley [Pușcaș M., Hurdu B.-I. & Turtureanu P.D., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; Bâlea glacial cirque [Bartók A., Bartók S. & Bartha L., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Piscul Bâlii [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Bâlea glacial cirque, below Bâlea lake [Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Bâlea lake [Pușcaș, M. & Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; between Bâlea lake and Vânătarea (Vânătoarea) lui Buteanu Peak [Pușcaș M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; between Bâlea lake and Văiuga Valley, below Văiuga Peak s ridge [Pușcaș M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; below Văiuga Peak [Bartók A., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; below Capra lake [Hurdu B.-I. & Pușcaș M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; below Capra Saddle [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; below Mușețeica Peak, western flank [Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; above Podrăgel lake [Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Podrăgel glacial cirque [Bartók A. & Bartha L., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Valea Rea glacial cirque, western flank [Pușcaș M. & Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; below Gălbenele Peak [Pușcaș M. & Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Răcorele glacial cirque [Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; between Sâmbăta Valley and Răcorele glacial cirque [Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Sâmbăta Valley glacial cirque [Pușcaș

24 100 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA M. & Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Sâmbăta Valley, above Piatra Caprei limestone cliffs [Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Muchia Sâmbetei ridge, near Piatra Caprei limestone cliffs [Bartók A., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; below Colții Bălățeni [Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; below Fereastra Mare a Sâmbetei [Hurdu B.-I. & Pușcaș M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Urlea glacial cirque, above the peatbog [Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Urlea glacial cirque, between the lake and Urlea refuge [Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Urlea glacial cirque, below the main ridge [Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]. Fig. 11: Aquilegia transsilvanica. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis) Arabidopsis neglecta (Schult.) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz [= Arabis glareosa Schur; A. floribunda Schur; A. neglecta Schult.; A. transsilvanica Schur; Braya pinnatifida Schur; Cardaminopsis neglecta (Schult.) Hayek] Distribution of A. neglecta in the Carpathians Arabidopsis (Cardaminopsis) neglecta is a Pan-Carpathian endemic, occuring throughout the entire Carpathian range [136], from the WC (Slovakia and Poland), through the SEC (Ukraine and Romania), where few disjunct populations inhabit the highest massifs (Fig. 10A). In the WC, the species occurs in the Tatry Mts. and (more rarely) in the Nízke Tatry Mts. It grows on granitic screes and gravels, usually in moister and nutrient-enriched sites (often on mylonites), rarely on limestone. The WC area forms the northernmost distribution margin of this Carpathian endemic species. In the SEC (Fig. 12A), the species occurs in the Chornohora, Chyvchyny, Svydovets [192, 299], Rodna [54], Făgăraș [88], Bucegi (as var. glareosa (Schur) Soó [15]), Cindrel [88], and Parâng Mts. [225,226]. The species was also mentioned from the Gorgany Mts. by Zyman & Tyukh (2008) [328]. It is worth mentioning that A. neglecta was recently rediscovered in the Bucegi Mts. [292], after nearly 100 years since its last mention from the range (Fuss (1866) [104], Herb. Haret, ap. Beldie (1967b) [15]). Finally, A. neglecta was wrongly cited from the Lotrul Mts. (Șteflești Peak) by Drăgulescu [83]; the specimen collected and deposited in CL was revised as Arabidopsis halleri subsp. ovirensis by Pușcaș M. [88]. The few disjunct populations

25 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS of this species from the SC are found at the southern limit of its range. A. neglecta is a rare (R) Pan-Carpathian endemic in the SEC, being included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208] Previously known distribution of A. neglecta in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 12B) A rare presence in the Făgăraș Mts., A. neglecta was first recorded in this range by Schur (1852) [272], who reported the species from the Arpaș Mts. The species was previously known mostly from the central part of the Făgăraș Mts., between the Bâlea glacial cirque and Arpașul Mare Peak, with only one mention from the Podrăgel area [276]. Chorological synthesis: Bâlea lake (Lit.: Fuss (1866) [104], Schur (1866) [276], Simonkai (1886) [284], Csató (1888) [65], Ungar (1913) [312], Tuzson (1934) [308], Nyárády (1955a, 1967) [200, 205], Drăgulescu (2000, 2010) [85, 88]; Herb. BP: Toth, 1905, BP ; Herb. CL: Nyárády, 1927, ca m, CL ; Herb. SIB: Herb. J. Barth, Herb. M. Fuss, Herb. E. Kisch, Herb. E.I. Nyárády); beetween Vânătarea (Vânătoarea) lui Buteanu and Piscul Caprei (Herb. CL: Gurtler, 1912, CL ); Vânătarea (Vânătoarea) lui Buteanu Peak (Lit.: Hayek (1916) [119], Buia & Todor (1948a) [33]); Buteanu Peak (Lit.: Fuss (1866) [104], Simonkai (1886) [284], Ungar (1913) [312], Nyárády (1955a) [200], Drăgulescu (2000) [85]); Râiosu-Buda Mts. (Lit.: Buia & Todor (1948a) [33], Nyárády (1955a) [200], Stancu (2005) [287]); Arpaș Mts. (Lit.: Schur (1852, 1853, 1866) [272, 273, 276], Fuss (1853) [101]); Arpașul Mic Peak (Arpășel) (Lit.: Drăgulescu (1999, 2010) [84, 88]); Arpașul Mare Peak (Vârtopu Peak) (Lit.: Schur (1850) [271], Fuss (1866) [104]); Podrăgel Peak (Lit.: Schur (1866) [276]). Fig. 12: Arabidopsis neglecta. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis) Newly reported distribution records of A. neglecta in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 12B) Our field surveys confirmed that A. neglecta is predominantly occurring in the central part of this range. However, new findings in the eastern part of the range, encompassing both the northern (Viștea Mare Valley) and southern (Valea Rea glacial cirque) regions near Moldoveanu Peak, suggest that A. neglecta is more widespread in the Făgăraș Mts. than previously known. Between Moldoveanu and Viștea Mare Peaks (in Curmătura Moldoveanului), the species occurs in less-exposed sites of the alpine zone, mostly on enriched siliceous screes and gravels, together with Doronicum carpaticum, Geum reptans, Oxyria digyna, Lloydia serotina, etc. Chorological synthesis: Paltinu greater glacial cirque [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Turnul Paltinului [Bartók A., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Bâlea glacial cirque [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; between Bâlea lake and Vânătarea (Vânătoarea) lui

26 102 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA Buteanu Peak [Pușcaș M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; below Capra Saddle [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; below Văiuga Saddle [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Văiuga Valley, below Vânătarea (Vânătoarea) lui Buteanu Peak [Pușcaș M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; below Vânătarea (Vânătoarea) lui Buteanu Peak, SE flank [Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; Vânătarea (Vânătoarea) lui Buteanu Peak [Pușcaș M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; cliffs near the track between Capra lake and Transfăgărășan [Pușcaș, M. & Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; below Mușețeica Peak, western flank [Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; Mușețeica glacial cirque [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Curmătura Moldoveanu [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Strunga Moldoveanu, between Moldoveanu Peak and Viştea Mare Peak [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m; Pușcaș, M. & Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; Valea Rea glacial cirque, below Moldoveanu Peak [Pușcaș, M. & Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; Viştea Mare Valley [Bartók A., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m] Armeria alpina Willd [= Armeria maritima subsp. alpina (Willd.) P. Silva; Armeria pubinervis Boiss.; Statice alpina (Willd.) Poir.; Statice montana Mill.] A. alpina is distributed throughout most of the mountain ranges of Europe, from the Pyrenees [264], through the Alps [1], to the Carpathians [246] and mountains of the Balkan Peninsula [5]. It usually occurs in moderately humid grasslands of the alpine zone, on nutrientrich substrates [159] Distribution of A. alpina in the Carpathians The species is present in the WC but as extremely rare and critically endangered, with a single known population on a siliceous, nutrient-enriched alpine site in the Slovak High Tatry Mts. It is an isolated population at the northernmost limit of its general distribution. A. alpina is found at the eastern limit of its range in the SEC (Fig. 13A). It is a rare taxon, previously mentioned from the Suhard and Călimani Mts. [179], the Bucegi [15], Leaota [188], Făgăraș [246] and Parâng Mts. [31]. It is considered a rare (R) species in the SEC, being included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208] Previously known distribution of A. alpina in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 13B) Although dispersed throughout the range, A. alpina is a rare taxon in the Făgăraș Mts. Chorological synthesis: Negoiu Peak (Lit.: Grecescu (1909) [111], Răvăruț (1960) [246]); Lespezi Peak (Lit.: Răvăruț (1960) [246]); Bâlea glacial cirque (Lit.: Csűrös (1953) [68]); Vânătarea (Vânătoarea) lui Buteanu Peak (Lit.: Nyárády & Nyárády (1964a) [206]; Herb. SIB: Herb. I. Pop); Râiosu-Buda Massif (Lit.: Pop (1993) [229], Stancu (2005) [287]); Arpaș Mts. (Lit.: Prodan (1939a) [237], Răvăruț (1960) [246]); Urlea glacial cirque (Lit.: Nyárády (1942) [193]); Urlea Peak (Herb. CL: Vicol, 1961, CL ) Newly reported distribution records of A. alpina in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 13B) We found several new localities of A. alpina across the entire range, mostly on humid grasslands of the alpine zone. Notably, a well-developed previously known population of the species was found below the Mușețeica Peak, occurring on the sun-exposed western sites together with Alopecurus pratensis subsp. laguriformis, Chrysosplenium alpinum, Pinguicula vulgaris, Polygonum viviparum, Pritzelago alpina subsp. brevicaulis, Rhododendron myrtifolium, Salix retusa, Salix reticulata, etc.

27 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS Fig. 13: Armeria alpina. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis). Chorological synthesis: Muchia Podeanu ridge [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Capra lake [Hurdu B.-I. & Pușcaș M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt. 2215; Bartók A., Bartók S. & Bartha L., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; below Mușețeica Peak, western flank [Pușcaș M., , alt m, CL ; Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ; Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; Muşeteica Peak [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Fundu Bândei Peak [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Urlea glacial cirque [Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ; Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ] Astragalus alpinus L. [= Phaca alpina L.; P. astragalina L.] A. alpinus is an arctic-alpine species with a circumpolar distribution ranging from northern Europe, through the Pyrenees [264], Alps [1], Carpathians and Caucasus Mts., to the alpine and arctic regions of North America and Asia [92, 307]. It usually occurs in alpine grasslands with nutrient-enriched soils on mostly calcareous bedrock Distribution of A. alpinus in the Carpathians In the WC, it is a rare species occurring in the Tatry Mts., Vel ka Fatra and Mala Fatra Mts. It grows in grasslands on limestone, in subalpine and alpine belts. In the SEC (Fig. 14A), this species was recorded for the first time in the 19 th century by J. Lerchenfeld, from the Piatra Craiului Mts. (Herb. Lerchenfeld, SIB). This is considered the only valid data of A. alpinus from this mountain range [174]. Later, A. alpinus was mentioned from the Piatra Mare massif, the Bucegi [15], Făgăraş [9], Ceahlău [110], and Rodna Mts. [117]. Only recently, A. alpinus was mentioned from the Piule-Piatra Iorgovanului Mts. [21]. It is considered a rare (R) species in the SEC, being included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208] Previously known distribution of A. alpinus in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 14B) The first mention of A. alpinus from the Făgăraș Mts. was given by Baumgarten (1793, CL 15458), who collected the species near the Suru Peak, with further records of Schur (1852,

28 104 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA 1866) [272, 276], Fuss (1866) [104], and Simonkai (1886) [284] indicating its scarce occurrence throughout most of the range. Chorological synthesis: Suru Peak (Lit.: Baumgarten (1816) [9], Fuss (1866) [104], Schur (1866) [276], Simonkai (1886) [284], Ungar (1913) [312]; Herb. CL: Baumgarten, 1793, CL 15458); Avrig lake, ca m (Herb. CL: Voik, 1973, CL ); Negoiu Peak (Lit.: Grecescu (1898) [109]); Paltinu Peak, ca m (Herb. BP: Jeney, 1962, BP ); Doamnei Valley (Herb. BP: Thaisz, 1914, BP ; Tuzson, 1914, BP ; Herb. CL: Thaisz, 1914, CL ); Vânătarea (Vânătoarea) lui Buteanu Peak (Herb. SIB: Herb. E.I. Nyárády); Capra lake, ca m, N, E (Herb. CL: Pachschwöll & Gilli, 2012, CL ); Râiosu Mt. (Lit.: Buia & Todor (1948a) [33]); Râiosu Mt. and Capra Budei, ca m (Herb. CL: Buia & Todor, 1947, CL ); Capra Budei (Lit.: Buia & Todor (1948a) [33]); Arpaș Mts. (Lit.: Schur (1852) [272], Fuss (1866) [104], Simonkai (1886) [284], Ungar (1913) [312]; Herb. BP: Simonkai, 1883, BP ; Andrä, BP , Herb. SIB: Herb. Societății Ardelene de Șt. Nat. Sibiu); Arpașul Mare Peak (Vârtopu Peak) (Lit.: Schur (1866) [276]; Herb. BP: Simonkai, 1883, BP ); Podrăgel glacial cirque (Lit.: Fuss (1866) [104], Ungar (1913) [312]; Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss; Herb. G.A. Kayser; Herb. K. Ungar); Podrăgel Peak (Lit.: Reissenberger (1864) [248], Fuss (1866) [104]; Herb. BP: Borhidi, 1959, ca m; Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss; Herb. G.A. Kayser; Herb. Societății Ardelene de Șt. Nat. Sibiu; Herb. K. Ungar); Podragu Peak (Herb. SIB: Herb. K. Ungar); Ucea Mare Peak (Lit.: Fuss (1866) [104], Simonkai (1886) [284]). Fig. 14: Astragalus alpinus. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis) Newly reported distribution records of A. alpinus in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 14B) We found the species in several sites from the alpine area of the Făgăraș Mts., growing usually on nutrient-enriched soils on siliceous bedrock, mostly on the northern and eastern slopes. In the Urlea glacial cirque it occurrs together with Thlaspi dacicum, Campanula serrata, Geum montanum, Potentilla aurea subsp. chrysocraspeda, Polygonum bistorta, Trifolium pallescens, Ligusticum mutellina, Saxifraga aizoides, Pedicularis verticillata, Cardaminopsis halleri subsp. ovirensis, Leontodon croceus subsp. rilaensis, Pedicularis haquetii, Saxifraga adscendens, Achillea oxyloba subsp. schurii, etc. Chorological synthesis: Custura Ciortei [Bartók A., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E )]; Doamnei Valley, above the lake [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m; Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; Capra lake [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; Netedu Peak [Pușcaș M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; above Podrăgel lake [Hurdu B.-I., ,

29 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; Strunga Podrăgel [Bartók A. & Bartha L., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; Valea Rea glacial cirque, below Moldoveanu Peak [Pușcaș M. & Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; Răcorele glacial cirque, at the NE part from Gălășescu Mare Peak [Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ; Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Urlea glacial cirque [Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m; Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ] Astragalus australis (L.) Lam. [incl. A. australis (L.) Lam. subsp. krajinae Domin- Kostrakiewicz; Astragalus krajinae Domin]; [= Astragalus gerardii (Vill.) Janka; Astragalus helveticus (Hartmann) O. Schwarz; Colutea australis (L.) Lam.; Colutea glabra (Clarion) Poir. Phaca australis L.; Phaca gerardii Vill.; Phaca glabra Clarion; Phaca halleri Vill.; Astragalus australis var. bucsecsii (Jáv.) Guşul.; A. australis subsp. bucsecsii Jáv.;] A. australis is a Eurosiberian species, distributed throughout most of the alpine ranges of Europe, from the Pyrenees [264], Alps [1], central Apennines [222], to the Carpathians [117] and western and central mountains of Bulgaria (Stara Planina, Rila, Pirin [5]). The species was mentioned also from the central Urals and the subarctic Russia [307], with its range extending to North America and Eastern Siberia, [2]. It grows mainly in the calciphilouse grassland communities of Elyno-Seslerietea, on limestone and dolomite bedrocks, in the subalpine-alpine belt of the moutains [137] Distribution of A. australis in the Carpathians In the WC, A. australis grows on calcareous bedrock on rocks and in rocky grasslands, in several massifs: Tatry Mts., Vel ka Fatra Mts., Mala Fatra Mts., Pieniny Mts. In the SEC (Fig. 15A), it is a rare species [208], mentioned for the first time by Baumgarten (1816) [9] from the Bucegi Mts. An endemic subspecies (A. australis (L.) Lam. subsp. bucsecsii Jáv.) was later described by Jávorka (1925) [133] from the same mountain range. Similarly, from the Ukrainian part of the EC, another endemic subspecies was described (A. australis (L.) Lam. subsp. krajinae (Domin) Dostál), with records given from the Svydovets (Dragobrat Mt., Blyznitsa Mt.), Marmarosh (Neneska Mt.) [299, 325, 327], Blyznitsa Mt. [42] and Chornohora Mts. [289]. However, Chopyk (1977) [42] mentioned it only for the Blyznitsa Mt., while Zyman & Derbak (2013) [326] reported that they successfully introduced this species in Gorgany Mts. Other occurrences of A. australis were given from the Maramureşului [252], Rodna [117], Ceahlău [324] Bucegi [11, 15], Parâng [225, 226], Piule-Piatra Iorgovanului [59], and Ţarcu Mts. [25]. A. australis is a rare (R) species in the SEC, being included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208] Previously known distribution of A. australis in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 15B) In the Făgăraș Mts., A. australis was mentioned for the first time by Schur (1852) [272] from the Arpaş Mt. Later, the species was recorded from other localities of the range, like Râiosu Mt. [33] and Copita Iezerului Mt. [69]. Chorological synthesis: Jgheabul Văros Peak (Herb. SIB: Herb. K. Ungar); Doamnei Valley (Lit.: Fuss (1866) [104], Simonkai (1886) [284], Ungar (1913) [312], Prodan (1939a) [237], Gușuleac (1958) [117], Nyárády & Nyárády (1964a) [206]; Herb. BP: Thaisz, 1914, BP ; Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss; Herb. E.I. Nyárády; Herb. Erika Schneider-Binder; Herb. K. Ungar); Paltinu Peak (Lit.: Tuzson (1934) [308]; Herb. BP: Tuzson, 1914, BP ); Arpaș Mt. (Lit.: Schur (1852) [272], Fuss (1866) [104], Simonkai (1886) [284], Ungar (1913) [312],

30 106 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA Prodan (1939a) [237], Gușuleac (1958) [117]); Arpăşel glacial cirque (Lit.: Drăgulescu (1999, 2010) [84, 88]); Capra Budei (Lit.: Buia & Todor (1948a) [33]); Copita Iezerului Peak (Lit.: Csűrös (1957) [69]); Turnurile Podragului (Lit.: Botsch (1991) [27]); Tărâța Peak (Herb. SIB: Herb. K. Ungar). Fig. 15: Astragalus australis. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis) Newly reported distribution records of A. australis in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 15B) We discovered a new population of A. australis on the Muchia Drăguşului ridge (2330 m), near the La Pârâul Larg Peak, on a southern slope with limestone bedrock, where it occurred together with: Sesleria rigida, Festuca versicolor, Myosotis alpestris, Achillea oxyloba subsp. schurii, Dryas octopetala, Artemisia eriantha subsp. petraea, Polygonum viviparum, Salix kitaibeliana, Saxifraga moschata, Saxifraga oppositifolia, etc. Chorological synthesis: Muchia Drăguşului ridge, Pârâul Larg Peak [Bartók A. & Bartha L., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ] Callianthemum coriandrifolium Rchb. [= Callianthemum bipinnatum Dulac; C. rutifolium auct. pro parte; Ranunculus rutaefolius L.] C. coriandrifolium is a South-Central European alpine species [139], occurring from north-western Spain to the Western and South-East Carpathians, including the Alps, Dinarids [1], Pyrenees [264] and the Cantabrian Mountains [128, 307]. It usually occurs on limestone or enriched siliceous bedrock from the subalpine and alpine belts, being a characteristic species of the vegetation class Carici rupestris-kobresietea bellardii [281] Distribution of C. coriandrifolium in the Carpathians In the WC, the species occurs on several dozen scattered localities in the Tatry Mts. and very rarely in the Nízke Tatry Mts. The WC populations form the northernmost limit of its general distribution. Found at the eastern limit of its range in the SEC (Fig. 16A), C. coriandrifolium was recorded from several localities in the Chornohora [139], Rodna, Piatra Craiului and Făgăraș Mts. [195]. C. coriandrifolium is a rare (R) species in the Romanian Carpathians, being included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208] and a critically endangered (CR) taxon

31 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS (threatened with extinction) in Ukraine, also included in the Ukrainian Red Book [140] Previously known distribution of C. coriandrifolium in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 16B) The first record of C. coriandrifolium from the Făgăraș Mts. dates back to the 19 th century, when it was mentioned by Cretz ap. Fuss (1866) [104] from the Piszku Lauti peak. Subsequent records of the species were given from mostly calcareous and enriched siliceous habitats of the alpine zone. Chorological synthesis: Paltinu Peak (Lit.: Nyárády (1967) [205]; Herb. SIB: Herb. I. Pop); Bâlea glacial cirque (Lit.: Nyárády (1953b, 1967) [195], Morariu et al. (1966) [184], Nyárády (1967) [205], Drăgulescu (2000, 2010) [85, 88]; Herb. SIB: Herb. Erika Schneider-Binder); Bâlea lake (Lit.: Prodan (1939a) [237]; Herb. BP: Kárpáti, BP ; Herb. SIB: Herb. E.I. Nyárády); Netedu Peak (Lit.: Drăgulescu (2010) [88]; Herb. SIB: Herb. Erika Schneider-Binder); Vânătarea (Vânătoarea) lui Buteanu Peak (Lit.: Prodan (1939a) [237], Nyárády (1967) [205]); Arpășel Valley (Lit.: Voik & Schneider-Binder (1978) [321]); Arpașul Mic Peak (Arpășel) (Lit.: Drăgulescu (1999, 2010) [84, 88]; Herb. SIB: Herb. C. Drăgulescu); Bulzu Căldării, NW from Arpașul Mare Peak (Lit.: Witasek (1889) [322]); Piscul Lauti (Lit.: Fuss (1866) [104]) Newly reported distribution records of C. coriandrifolium in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 16B) During our recent surveys, we discovered the species in several enriched siliceous habitats, mostly on steep rocks with northern aspect, where it was usually growing together with Achillea oxyloba subsp. schurii, Artemisia eriantha subsp. petraea, Doronicum carpaticum, Geum reptans, Dactylorhiza viridis, Hedysarum hedysaroides, Lloydia serotina, Ranunculus crenatus, Rhodiola rosea, Swertia perennis subsp. punctata, Saxifraga androsacea, S. oppositifolia, etc. Chorological synthesis: Doamnei glacial cirque [Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; Bâlea glacial cirque, eastern flank [Pușcaș M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; Văiuga Mt., above Bâlea lake [Bartók A., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Văiuga Valley, eastern flank [Pușcaș M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; below Roșu Moldoveanului Peak, eastern glacial cirque [Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; Răcorele glacial cirque, NE from Gălășescu Mare Peak [Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ; Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]. Fig. 16: Callianthemum coriandrifolium. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis).

32 108 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA 2.8. Campanula transsilvanica Schur ex André [= Campanula capitata Schur; C. cervicaria subsp. transsilvanica (Schur ex André) Tacik; C. cervicaria subsp. transylvanica (Schur ex Heuff.) Tacik in Pawłowski & Jasiewicz] This species is distributed in the ranges of the SEC (Fig. 17A) and mountains of the northern and central Balkan Peninsula (the Stara Planina, Pirin, Rila and Vitosha Mts.) [307]. In Bulgaria it is encountered mainly between 1900 and 2700 m [5]. It is included in the C. glomerata species complex [92] Distribution of C. transsilvanica in the Carpathians The SEC populations are found at the northern distribution limit of C. transsilvanica, occurring mainly in siliceous nutrient-enriched grasslands of the subalpine and alpine regions. The species was previously mentioned from the Rodna, Ciucaș [71], Bucegi [15], Făgăraș [88], Cindrel [115], Parâng [32], Retezat [202], and Godeanu Mts. [25]. The populations from the Rodna Mts. are found at a great distance from the nearest known occurrence in the SC and should be more carefully investigated. C. transsilvanica is evaluated as vulnerable and rare (VU/R) in the SEC, being included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208] Previously known distribution of C. transsilvanica in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 17B) In the Făgăraș Mts., the species was first recorded by Schur [272] from the Arpaș Mts. Chorological synthesis: Suru Peak (Herb. SIB: Herb. K. Ungar); Negoiu Peak (Lit.: Csűrös (1964) [71]; Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss); Valea Laiței (Lit.: Fronius (1856) [98]); Paltinu Peak (Herb. SIB: Herb. I. Pop); Doamnei Valley (Herb. SIB: Herb. E. Kisch, Herb. K. Ungar); Bâlea glacial cirque (Lit.: Ungar (1913) [312], Csűrös (1964) [71]; Herb. SIB: Herb. K. Ungar); Bâlea lake (Herb. CL: Hodișan, 1955, CL ; Rațiu, 1955, CL ; G. Negrean, 1964, unpubl. data); Căprăreasa Peak (Lit.: Schur (1866) [276], Csűrös (1964) [71]); Vânătarea (Vânătoarea) lui Buteanu Peak (Lit.: Drăgulescu (2000, 2010) [85, 88]); Muchia Albota ridge (Lit.: Fuss (1866) [104], Simonkai (1886) [284], Szalay (1909) [290], Ungar (1913) [312], Hayek (1916) [119], Csűrös (1964) [71]; Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss); Râiosu Mt. (Lit.: Stancu [2005]); Râiosul glacial cirque (Lit.: Buia & Todor (1948b) [34]); Arpaș Mts. (Lit.: Schur (1852) [272]); Arpașul Mare Peak (Vârtopu Peak) (Lit.: Tuzson (1934) [308]; Herb. SIB: Herb. K. Ungar); between Vf. Arpașul Mare and Arpaș glacial cirque (Lit.: Fuss (1866) [104], Ungar (1913) [312], Csűrös (1964) [471]; Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss, Herb. G.A. Kayser, Herb. K. Ungar); Podrăgel glacial cirque (Lit.: Reissenberger (1864) [248], Schur (1866) [276], Csűrös (1964) [71]); Podrăgel Peak (Herb. SIB: Herb. K. Ungar) Newly reported distribution records of C. transsilvanica in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 17B) During our recent surveys, we discovered a new population of C. transsilvanica in the eastern part of the Făgăraș Mts. (Urlea glacial cirque), where it occurs between 2200 and 2350 m together with Persicaria alpina, Phyteuma vagneri, Centaurea nervosa, Poa granitica subsp. disparilis, Campanula serrata, Astragalus alpinus, etc. Chorological synthesis: Urlea glacial cirque [Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m; Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ].

33 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS Fig. 17: Campanula transsilvanica. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis) Campanula wanneri Rochel [= Symphyandra wanneri (Rochel) Heuff.] C. wanneri is distributed throughout most of the Balkan Peninsula (Bulgaria, Serbia, Croatia and Greece), with its northern distribution extending to the Romanian Carpathians [92, 307]. In Bulgaria the species was mentioned in the following ranges: the Rhodopes, Rila, West Frontier Mountains, Predbalkan, and Stara Planina Mts. [5]. It prefers saxicolous habitats, occurring mostly on siliceous rocks Distribution of C. wanneri in the Carpathians (Fig. 18A) C. wanneri is distributed only in the Eastern and Southern ranges of the Carpathians. In the EC this species was first recorded from the Maramureş and Rodna Mts. by Ştefureac (1971) [296] and Resmeriţă et al. ( ) [253]. In the SC C. wanneri was first recorded by Baumgarten (1816) [9] from the Făgăraş Mts. (Suru Mt.). Further mentions were given from the Țarcu Mts. by Rochel (1828) [255], the Retezat Mts. (Dragozán-Commando = Muntele Drăgșanu) by Baumgarten [99], the Șureanu [135], Parâng [64], Cozia [201], Lotrului (Călinești Valley) [53] Căpățânii [220], Godeanu (Moraru Mt.) [25], and Cindrel Mts. [83]. Oprea (2005) [209] also mentions C. wanneri from the Cernei Mts. (Scărișoara), which is a confusion based on Boșcaiu s (1971) [125] report from the Godeanu Mts. (Scărișoara Peak). Finally, the species was reported from Kreminyisu Peak (= Cremenişu, near Băița village) in the Bihor Mts. [283]. C. wanneri is evaluated as rare (R) in the SEC, being included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208] Previously known distribution of C. wanneri in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 18B) In the 20 th century, several botanists reported C. wanneri from the Făgăraş Mts., from the Şerbota [242] and Sărăţii Valleys [267], from Negoiu Peak [312], Turnurile Podragului [27], etc. It is a rare species in this range, with few populations extending from lower altitudes to the subalpine zone. Chorological synthesis: Tătaru Peak (Lit.: Ghișa (1964b) [107]); Suru Peak (Lit.: Baumgarten (1816) [9], Fuss (1846, 1866) [99, 104], Simonkai (1886) [284], Ungar (1913) [312], Ghișa (1964b) [107]); Șerbota Valley, ca m (Lit.: Pușcaru-Soroceanu & Pușcaru (1971) [241], Pușcaru-Soroceanu et al. (1981) [242]; Herb. CL: Voik, 1973, CL ); Sărății Valley, ca m (Lit.: Schneider-Binder & Voik (1976) [267], Pușcaru-Soroceanu et al. (1981) [242]; Herb. CL: Voik, 1973, CL ); Negoiu Peak (Lit.: Ungar (1913) [312]; Herb. SIB: Herb. J. Barth; Herb. Erika Schneider-Binder; Herb. K. Ungar); Doamnei Valley (Lit.: Prodan (1939a) [237], Ghișa (1964b) [107]); Cârțișoara Mts. (Lit.: Schur (1866) [276], Ghișa (1964b) [107]); Glăjăria Cârțișoarei (Herb. SIB:

34 110 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA Herb. Societății Ardelene de Șt. Nat. Sibiu); Bâlea Waterfall (Herb. CL: Rațiu, 1959, CL ); Bâlea Valley (Lit.: Hayek (1916) [119], Tuzson (1934) [308], Ghișa (1964b) [107], Drăgulescu (2000) [85]; Herb. CL: Thaisz, 1914, CL ; Soó, 1935, CL ; Csűrös, 1950, CL ); Bâlea glacial cirque (Lit.: Hayek (1916) [119]); Bâlea lake (Herb. CL: Richter, 1908, CL 23820); Căprăreasa Peak (Lit.: Fuss (1866) [104]); Muchia Buteanu ridge (Lit.: Ghișa (1964b) [107]); Vânătarea (Vânătoarea) lui Buteanu Peak (Lit.: Fuss (1866) [104], Ungar (1913) [312], Drăgulescu (2000) [85]; Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss); Arpaș Mts. (Lit.: Fuss (1846) [99], Schur (1852, 1857, 1866) [272, 274, 276], Simonkai (1886) [284], Ghișa (1964b) [107]); Buda Mt. (Lit.: Stancu (2005) [287]); Râiosu Mt. (Lit.: Stancu (2005) [287]); Arpașu Mare Valley (Herb. SIB: Herb. G.A. Kayser); Arpașul Mare Peak (Vârtopu Peak) (Lit.: Fuss (1846) [99], Negrean & Drăgulescu (2005) [190]); Arpăşel glacial cirque (Lit.: Drăgulescu (1999, 2010) [84, 88]; Herb. SIB: Herb. C. Drăgulescu); Turnurile Podragului (Lit.: Botsch (1991) [27]); Brescioarei River, above the village Breaza, ca m (Herb. CL: Nyárády, 1930, CL ); Colții Brezei, ca m (Lit.: Kotschy (1853) [145]; Herb. CL: Vicol, 1961, CL ) Newly reported distribution records of C. wanneri in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 18B) We found C. wanneri in three sites of the Făgăraș Mts. In the saxicolous habitats of Colţii Brezei, the species grows at lower altitudes (approx m a.s.l.) in siliceous communities developed on abrupt slopes with northern aspect. It occurs here in phytocoenoses of All. Silenion lerchenfeldianae together with: Asplenium trichomanes, Silene pusilla, Poa nemoralis, Cystopteris fragilis, Saxifraga paniculata, Asplenium ruta-muraria, etc. Chorological synthesis: above Negoiu Chalet [Bartók A, Bartók S. & Bartha L., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Sâmbăta Valley, above Sâmbăta Valley Chalet [Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Colţii Brezei [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]. Fig. 18: Campanula wanneri. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis) Dianthus superbus L. subsp. alpestris Kablik ex Čelak. [= Dianthus speciosus Rchb.; Dianthus superbus subsp. speciosus (Rchb.) Hayek; Dianthus superbus subsp. speciosus (Rchb.) Pawł.] Dianthus superbus subsp. alpestris is a European alpine species encountered in the higher mountains of Europe [1]. It is found from the south-western Alps [1], to the SEC and the mountains of Bulgaria and Macedonia [92, 127, 307] Distribution of D. superbus subsp. alpestris in the Carpathians In the WC, the species occurs in several higher massifs (e.g., Tatry Mts., Nízke Tatry,

35 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS Babia Góra Mts., Slovenský Raj, Muránska Planina Mts.), in mountain grasslands mostly on limestone but also on siliceous bedrock, most often in the subalpine belt. D. superbus subsp. alpestris was first mentioned from the EC in the 19 th century, when Schur (1866) [276] reported the species from the Hăşmaş Mts. (the Öcsém Teteje Mt.). Soon after that, Czetz collected D. superbus subsp. alpestris from the Rodna Mts. [284]. Later, this taxon was reported from the Harghita Mts. (the Harghita Racu Mt.) [Pax 1908] and the Ciucaș Mts. (Bratocea ridge) [50]. More recently D. superbus subsp. alpestris was reported from several localities in the Stânișoara Mts. (the Pietroasa, Muncel and Chiril Mts.) [210], and without any clear locality from the Nemira Mts. [178]. In the Ukrainian part of the EC, the species was reported from the Chyvchyny Mts. (Gnetesa Mt.), occurring in meadows on calcareous bedrock, in the subalpine zone (up to 1900 m a.s.l.) [42]. It was erroneously mentioned as a Central European orophyte, found at its eastern limit in the Carpathians [94, 95]. In the SC, Grecescu (1898) [109] reported D. superbus subsp. alpestris from the Piatra Mare Mts. Further records came from the Bucegi Mts. [15, 239]. It was also mentioned from the Banat region, but without locality [239]. D. superbus subsp. alpestris is occurring in the subalpine zone (Fig. 19A), in contrast with its sister subspecies that usually grows in lower elevations. It is usually encountered in grasslands developed on nutrient-rich soils from both calcareous and siliceous bedrock. Due to its close morphological resemblance with D. superbus subsp. superbus, it is possible that the subalpine subspecies is more widespread, but the real distribution masked by wrong reportings based on confusions with D. superbus subsp. superbus. It is considered a rare (R) taxon in the SEC, being included in both the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208] and the Ukrainian Red Book [95] Previously known distribution of D. superbus subsp. alpestris in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 19B) In the Făgăraș Mts. the species was mentioned by Drăgulescu (2010) [88] based on herbarium specimen kept in SIB herbaria (Lerchenfeld herbarium, no ) with the following information on the voucher's label: In pratis montanis Gyergyo in monte Szurul. Although Gyergyo may refer to the Giurgeului Mts., Drăgulescu (2010) [88] deduced from this label that one of the plants from the herbarium sheet has been collected from the Suru Mt. in the Făgăraş Mts. Although it is unclear if any of the specimens collected by Lerchenfeld came from the Făgăraș Mts., a more recent record from this area (Voik, 1973, CL ) stands proof for the occurence of D. superbus subsp. alpestris in this range. Chorological synthesis: Tătaru Peak (Herb. SIB: Herb. K. Ungar); Suru Fedelești (Herb. CL: Voik, 1973, CL ); Suru Peak (Herb. SIB: Herb. J. Lerchenfeld) Newly reported distribution records of D. superbus subsp. alpestris in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 19B) We discovered a new population of D. superbus subsp. alpestris below the Sâmbăta ridge, in the subalpine meadows from the Piatra Caprei limestone cliffs. The species grows here in grassland communities developed on limestone substrate where it occurs together with: Sesleria rigida, Carex sempervirens, Saxifraga paniculata, Pedicularis verticillata, Scabiosa lucida subsp. barbata, Achillea oxyloba subsp. schurii, Cerastium transsilvanicum, Helianthemum oelandicum subsp. alpestre, etc. Chorological synthesis: Piatra Caprei below Muchia Sâmbetei ridge [Hurdu B.-I. & Bartha L.,

36 112 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ; Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m; Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m; Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m; Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m; Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m; Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m; Bartók A., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]. Fig. 19: Dianthus superbus subsp. alpestris. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis) Eritrichium nanum (L.) Gaudin [incl. Eritrichium nanum (L.) Gaudin subsp. jankae (Simonk.) Jáv. = Eritrichium jankae Simonk.] E. nanum is a European alpine element, occurring in the Alps and the SE Carpathians. It grows on open, exposed rocky places in the subalpine-alpine zone. In the Alps, E. nanum is mainly found on siliceous rocks [1, 37], while in the Carpathians the species is growing almost exclusively on calcareous rocks [47, 114]. E. nanum subsp. jankae is considered an endemic taxon for the Romanian SEC [307]. The two closely related taxa (E. nanum subsp. nanum and E. nanum subsp. jankae) are differentiated based on indumentum, stem height and leaves width. For this reason, they are more prone to confusions, being often reported from the same massifs, occurring in identical habitats [47, 209]. To the moment, we consider that the precise distribution of these taxa in the SE Carpathians is not well documented, because of such possible mistakes in species identification. In the following paragraphs, we refer to E. nanum s.l Distribution of E. nanum in the Carpathians (Fig. 20A) In the SEC, E. nanum (incl. E. nanum subsp. jankae) was previously mentioned from the Rodna (F. Porcius, CL 24540), Bistriței [114], Rarău [243], Ceahlău [198], Hăşmaş [189], Ciucaş [51], Bucegi Mts. [15], Postăvaru [96], Piatra Craiului [174], Iezer-Păpuşa [3], Făgăraș [88], Buila-Vânturarița [52, 234], and Piule-Piatra Iorgovanului Mts. [26, 72]. We also found recently a small population of this species in the calcareous crevices below the Cristianul Mare Peak, from the Postăvaru Massif (Hurdu B.-I., 2013, unpubl. data). E. nanum subsp. jankae is considered a rare (R) endemic taxon of the SEC, being included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208].

37 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS Previously known distribution of E. nanum in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 20B) E. nanum (either as E. nanum subsp. nanum or E. nanum subsp. jankae) was previously cited from the Făgăraș Mts., mostly from calcareous or enriched siliceous areas. One previous mention (Commando la Schmidt) of Drăgulescu (2003) [86] was not reported in the second edition of his synthesis on the flora of this range [88]. Chorological synthesis: Bârcaciu Peak (Lit.: Fuss (1846) [99]); Negoiu Peak (Lit.: Pușcaru-Soroceanu & Pușcaru (1971) [241]); Râiosu Mt. (Lit.: Pușcaru-Soroceanu & Pușcaru (1969) [240], Stancu (2005) [287]) Newly reported distribution records of E. nanum in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 20B) During our recent botanical survey in the Muchia Sâmbetei ridge, we recorded the occurrence of several individuals of E. nanum, growing in the rock crevices of the Piatra Caprei limestone cliffs together with Leontopodium alpinum, Campanula polymorpha, Kernera saxatilis, Carex rupestris, Carex sempervirens, Saxifraga luteoviridis, etc. Chorological synthesis: Piatra Caprei limestone cliffs [Hurdu B.-I. & Bartha L., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ; Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]. Fig. 20: Eritrichium nanum subsp. jankae. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis) Festuca bucegiensis Markgr.-Dann. [= Festuca glacialis auct. non Miègev.] Distribution of F. bucegiensis in the Carpathians (Fig. 21A) F. bucegiensis is one of the two synendemic taxa, which together with Aquilegia transsilvanica delimit the area of endemism in the eastern part of the SC [124]. This species was first discovered in 1919 by J. Vetter in the Bucegi Mts (on the Bucşoiu Peak), and reported as F. glacialis (Miégeville ex Hackel) K. Richter [259]. Buia et al. (1962) [32] mentioned F. bucegiensis for the first time from the Parâng Mts. (from the Ieşu, Gruiu, Mohoru, Mândra and Cârja Mts.). It was only in 1978 that Markgraff-Dannenberg described this taxon as a new species, F. bucegiensis, confined to the ranges of the SC [168], owing to both its high disjunction from the Pyrenees Mts. species (F. glacialis) and to several discriminant morphologic traits (e.g., length of steam, length of panicle and spikelets, aspect of branch and spikelets, length of the awn). F. bucegiensis is primarily calcifuge, occurring in wind-battered habitats on siliceous habitats, typical for alpine tundra from the highest peaks of the Carpathians. F. bucegiensis is a rare (R) endemic species of the SC, being included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208].

38 114 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA Previously known distribution of F. bucegiensis in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 21B) Chorological synthesis: Scara Peak (Lit.: Puşcaru-Soroceanu & Puşcaru (1971) [241]); Șerbota Valley, ca m (Herb. CL: Voik, 1972, CL ); Negoiu Peak (Lit.: Puşcaru-Soroceanu & Puşcaru (1971) [241]); Doamnei Valley, ca m (Lit.: Beldie (1972a, 1972b) [16, 17]; Herb. CL: Nyárády, 1927, CL ); Paltinu Peak (Lit.: Puşcaru-Soroceanu & Puşcaru (1971) [241], Drăgulescu (2000) [85]); Bâlea glacial cirque (Lit.: Krajina (1933) [147], Nyárády & Nyárády (1964a) [206], Nyárády (1967) [205], Beldie & Dihoru (1968) [19], Drăgulescu (2000, 2010) [85, 88]; Herb. CL: Herb. C. Drăgulescu; Herb. SIB: Pop, 1928; Herb. E.I. Nyárády); above Bâlea lake, ca m (Herb. CL: Pop, 1928, CL ); Vânătarea (Vânătoarea) lui Buteanu Peak (Lit.: Nyárády & Nyárády (1964a) [206], Nyárády (1967) [205], Beldie (1972b) [17], Resmeriță et al. (1977) [254], Drăgulescu (2000, 2010) [85, 88]; Herb. BP: Pócs, 1955, BP , ca m; Herb. CL: Herb. C. Drăgulescu); Arpașul Mare Peak (Vârtopu Peak) (Lit.: Buia & Todor (1948a) [33], Beldie (1972b) [17]); Râiosu Mt. (Lit.: Buia & Todor (1948a) [33]); Buda lake (Lit.: Buia & Todor (1948a) [33]); Iezerul Caprei (Herb. CL: Buia, 1939, CL 10128); Moșului Peak (Lit.: Nyárády (1942) [193]); Podragu glacial cirque (Lit.: Paucă & Rădulescu-Ivan (1961) [215]); Urlea Peak, ca m (Herb. CL: Vicol, 1961, CL ) Newly reported distribution records of F. bucegiensis in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 21B) We recorded its presence in several sites from the highest alpine areas of the Făgăraș Mts. The populations discovered here are poorly-represented, with few individuals growing in alpine siliceous meadows developed on slopes with northern aspect. In the area of the Lespezi Peak, we found F. bucegiensis occurring together with Silene acaulis, Minuartia sedoides, Carex curvula, Rhododendron myrtifolium, Oreochloa disticha, Primula minima, Campanula alpina, Festuca supina, Poa alpina, Luzula spicata, etc. Chorological synthesis: Suru Peak [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Lespezi Peak [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Podrăgel glacial cirque [Bartók A. & Bartha L., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Viştea Mare Peak [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Moldoveanu Peak [Hurdu B.-I. & Pușcaș M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ; Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Cheia Bândei Peak [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Urlea Peak [Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; Moșu Peak area [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]. Fig. 21: Festuca bucegiensis. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis).

39 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS Fig. 22: Rare subalpine and alpine taxa from the siliceous habitats of the Făgăraș Mts. A. Aquilegia transsilvanica, a S Carpathians endemic from the rocky outcrops of the Bâlea Valley (photo credit: A. Bartók, ), and A1. Flower detail of A. transsilvanica, from the rocky outcrops above the Podrăgel Lake (photo credit: B.-I. Hurdu, ); B. Campanula transsilvanica, from the acidic grasslands of the Urlea glacial cirque (photo credit: B.-I. Hurdu, ); C. Gentiana frigida, from the rocky outcrops below the Urlea Peak (photo credit: P.-M. Szatmari, ); D. Astragalus alpinus, from the grasslands of the Strunga Podrăgel (photo credit: A. Bartók, ); E. Geum reptans, from the rocky outcrops below the Arpașu Mic Peak (photo credit: B.-I. Hurdu, ), and E1. Fruit detail of G. reptans, from the rocky outcrops between the Paltinu and Iezeru Caprei Peaks (photo credit: A. Bartók, ); F. Typical siliceous rocky outcrops, north of Arpașu Mic Peak (photo credit: B.-I. Hurdu, ).

40 116 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA Gentiana frigida Haenke [= Gentianodes frigida (Haenke) Á. Löve & D. Löve; Ciminalis frigida Bercht. & J.Presl; Dasystephana frigida (Haenke) Zuev] G. frigida is a high-mountain plant endemic to the European mountains, occurring in the Eastern Alps (Central Austria) [1], throughout the Carpathians [307] and the mountains of Bulgaria (Rila and Stara Planina) [5]. It usually occurs in alpine siliceous grasslands of the alliance Caricion curvulae [260] or cushion-forming and dwarf-shrub communities on steep terraced slopes and stable screes on mylonites (alliance Festucion versicoloris) Distribution of G. frigida in the Carpathians In the WC, G. frigida occurs in scattered and small populations in the alpine and subnival belts of the Tatra Mts., on siliceous bedrock. The species is found in the SEC (Fig. 23A) at the eastern range limit. It was first reported in the SEC by Baumgarten (1816) [9] from the Ciucaș Mts. (Zăganu Peak). It was further mentioned from the Bucegi Mts. [15], the Rodna Mts. [209] and from the Retezat Mts. [216]. Having a few disjunct populations distributed in the EC and SC, G. frigida is a rare (R) species in the SEC, included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208] Previously known distribution of G. frigida in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 23B) Baumgarten (1816) [9] was also the first who reported G. frigida from the Făgăraș Mts., from the Ucea Mare and Tărâța peaks (see Chorological Synthesis for details). The species is distributed throughout the range, occurring usually on the highest peaks. Chorological synthesis: Făgăraș Mts. (Herb. CL: Baumgarten, 1822, CL 4064; CL 4068); Ciortea Peak (Lit: Fuss (1857) [103]; Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss); Avrig lake (Lit.: Puşcaru-Soroceanu & Puşcaru (1971) [241]); Gârbova Peak, ca m (Herb. CL: Voik, 1973, CL ); Negoiu Peak (Lit.: Fuss (1853, 1866) [101, 104], Schur (1853) [273], Simonkai (1886) [284], Grecescu (1909) [111], Pawłowski (1939 ) [216], Țopa (1961) [310], Popescu (1971) [231], Puşcaru-Soroceanu & Puşcaru (1971) [241]; Herb. BP: Pax, 1912, BP , ca m; Barth, 1873, BP ; Herb. CL: Voik, 1973, CL , under Negoiu ca m; Herb. I: Petrescu, 1912; Herb. SIB: Voik, 1973; Herb. M. Fuss; Herb. K. Ungar); Strunga Dracului (Lit.: Schur (1866) [276], Popescu (1971) [231]); Doamnei Valley (Herb. SIB.: Herb. Erika Schneider-Binder); Paltinu Peak (Lit.: Puşcaru-Soroceanu & Puşcaru (1971) [241], Resmeriță et al. (1977 )[254], Voik & Schneider-Binder (1978) [321], Drăgulescu (2008) [87]); Bâlea glacial cirque (Lit.: Fuss (1866) [104], Țopa (1961) [310], Morariu et al. (1966) [184], Beldie (1967a) [14], Nyárády (1967) [205], Popescu (1971) [231], Drăgulescu (2000) [85]; Herb. BP: Thaisz, 1914, BP ; Herb. SIB: M. Fuss, 1858; Herb. E.I. Nyárády); Bâlea lake, ca m (Lit.: Simonkai (1886) [284], Csató (1888) [65], Prodan (1939a) [237]; Herb. BP: Csató, 1887; Schube, 1894, BP , ca m; Pócs, 1955, BP , ca m; Herb. CL: Richter, 1908, CL 23298; Richter, 1908; Nyárády, 1927, CL ; Nyárády, 1927; Herb. SIB: Herb. I. Pop; Herb. K. Ungar); above Bâlea lake (Herb. CL: Rațiu, 1956, CL ); Căprăreasa Peak (Lit.: Schur (1853, 1866) [273, 276], Fuss (1853, 1866) [101, 104]; Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss); Vânătarea (Vânătoarea) lui Buteanu Peak, ca m (Lit.: Hayek (1916) [119], Prodan (1939a) [237], Nyárády & Nyárády (1964a) [206], Popescu (1971) [231], Drăgulescu (2000) [85]; Herb. CL: Nyárády, 1927, CL ); Netedu Peak (Lit.: Voik & Schneider-Binder (1978) [321]); Arpaș Mts. (Lit.: Schur (1852, 1866) [272, 276], Fuss (1866) [104], Simonkai (1886) [284]; Herb. SIB: Herb. Kladny; Herb. K. Ungar); Arpașul Mare Peak (Vârtopu Peak) (Lit.: Țopa (1961) [310], Popescu (1971) [231], Puşcaru-Soroceanu & Puşcaru (1971) [241]; Herb. BP: Csató, 1889, BP ; Andrä, BP ; Herb. SIB: M. Fuss, 1840); Podrăgel glacial cirque (Lit.: Popescu (1971) [231]); Podrăgel Peak (Lit.: Fuss (1853) [101], Schur (1866) [276]); Tărâța ridge (Lit.: Popescu (1971) [231]; Herb. CL: Baumgarten, 1822); Tărâța Peak (Lit.: Baumgarten (1816) [9], Fuss (1848, 1853, 1866) [100, 101, 104], Simonkai (1886) [284]; Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss); Ucea Mare Peak (Herb. BP: Simonkai, 1883, BP ; Herb. CL: Baumgarten, 1822); Zârna Peak (Lit.: Schur (1877) [277]; Herb. SIB: Schur, 1851, Herb. M. Fuss 20058); Moșului Peak (Lit.: Nyárády (1942) [193]); Urlea glacial cirque (Lit.: Nyárády (1942) [193]).

41 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS Newly reported distribution records of G. frigida in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 23B) We found the species in several localities throughout the range, occurring on the highest peaks (e.g., the Vânătarea (Vânătoarea) lui Buteanu, Moldoveanu and Urlea peaks), in windbattered dwarf shrub communities on siliceous bedrock, often together with Carex curvula, Loiseleuria procumbens, Leucanthemopsis alpina, Juncus trifidus, Cerastium alpinum, Potentilla aurea subsp. chrysocraspeda, Primula minima, Homogyne alpina, Agrostis rupestris, Salix herbacea, Hieracium alpinum, Phyteuma confusum, Ligusticum mutellinoides, Saxifraga retusa, Saxifraga bryoides, Vaccinium gaultherioides, etc. Chorological synthesis: between Paltinu Peak and Bâlea glacial cirque [Hurdu B.-I. & Pușcaș M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Bâlea glacial cirque [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Șaua Caprei [Bartók A., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Văiuga Saddle [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; below Vânătarea (Vânătoarea) lui Buteanu Peak, western flank [Ronikier M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Vânătarea (Vânătoarea) lui Buteanu Peak [Pușcaș M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ; Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; below Mușețeica Peak, western part [Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; between Viştea Mare Peak and Orzănelei Saddle [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Strunga Moldoveanu [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Moldoveanu Peak [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; between Portiţa Viştei and Viştea Mare [Pușcaș M. & Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; Portița Viștei, northern flank [Pușcaș M. & Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; below Urlea Peak [Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]. Fig. 23: Gentiana frigida. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis) Geum reptans L. [= Bernullia reptans (L.) Raf.; Caryophyllata reptans (L.) Lam.; Novosieversia reptans (L.) E.I. Golubk.; Parageum reptans (L.) M. Král; Sieversia reptans (L.) R. Br.] Geum reptans is a European alpine species, reported from several high mountain ranges, including the Alps [1], Massif Central, Black Forest, Carpathians, mountains from northern Albania (Dinarids), Crna Gora, Pindus, Rila and Pirin from South-Western Bulgaria, etc. [5,

42 118 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA 151, 307] Distribution of G. reptans in the Carpathians In the WC, the species occurs fairly often in the high areas of the Tatry Mts. and rarely in the Nízke Tatry Mts. It grows on granitic screes and gravels, usually in moister and nutrientenriched sites (often on mylonites). The WC area forms the north-easternmost margin of the species distribution. In the SEC (Fig. 24A), the species occurs on screes and rockeries from the alpine zone, usually in sites less exposed to sunlight. The few scattered populations from the high ranges of the SEC represent its eastern range limit. It was reported from the Rodna Mts. [29] in the EC, the Ciucaș [29], the Postăvaru Massif [232], the Bucegi [15], Leaota [104, 232], Făgăraș [88], Parâng [31], Retezat [59], and Godeanu Mts. [25]. The species was also reported from the Buila- Vânturarița Massif (between the Gurguiata village and the Stogșoru Mt.) by Buia & Păun [232]. G. reptans is a rare (R) species in the SEC, being included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208] Previously known distribution of G. reptans in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 24B) Chorological synthesis: Budislavu (Racovițan) Peak (Lit.: Buia (1956) [29], Popescu & Sanda (1972) [232]); Ciortea Peak (Lit.: Fuss (1866) [104], Simonkai (1886) [284], Buia (1956) [29], Popescu & Sanda (1972) [232]; Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss, Herb. K. Ungar); Negoiu Peak (Lit.: Simonkai (1886) [284], Grecescu (1909) [111], Buia (1956) [29], Popescu & Sanda (1972, 2002) [232, 233]); Laița Peak (Herb. CL: Pop, 1953, CL ; Herb. SIB: Herb. I. Pop); Laița (Lit.: Buia (1956) [29], Popescu & Sanda (1972) [232]); Paltinu Peak (Lit.: Drăgulescu (2010) [88]; Herb. SIB: Herb. C. Drăgulescu); Bâlea glacial cirque (Lit.: Ungar (1913) [312], Csűrös (1953) [68],Nyárády (1967) [205], Pușcaru-Soroceanu & Pușcaru (1971) [241], Popescu & Sanda (1972) [232], Drăgulescu (2000, 2010) [85, 88]; Herb. SIB: Herb. Erika Schneider-Binder); Bâlea lake (Herb. CL: Rațiu, 1956, CL ; Herb. SIB: Herb. E.I. Nyárády); Căprăreasa Peak (Lit.: Schur (1866) [276], Buia (1956) [29], Popescu & Sanda (1972) [232]; Herb. SIB: Herb. K. Ungar; Herb. Societății Ardelene de Șt. Nat. Sibiu); Capra (Lit.: Popescu & Sanda (2002) [233]); Capra Saddle (Herb. SIB: Herb. H. Heltman); Vânătarea (Vânătoarea) lui Buteanu Peak (Lit.: Buia (1956) [29], Popescu & Sanda (1972) [232], Drăgulescu (2000, 2010) [85, 88]; Herb. SIB: Herb. E.I. Nyárády); Arpaș Mts. (Lit.: Simonkai (1886) [284]); Râiosu Peak (Herb. CL: Csűrös, 1947, CL ); Arpașul Mare Peak (Vârtopu Peak) (Lit.: Buia (1956) [29], Popescu & Sanda (1972) [232]); Podrăgel glacial cirque (Lit.: Popescu & Sanda (1972) [232]); Podrăgel Peak (Lit.: Botsch (1991) [27]); Podragu Peak (Lit.: Pușcaru- Soroceanu & Pușcaru (1971) [241], Popescu & Sanda (1972) [232]); Tărâța Peak (Lit.: Pușcaru-Soroceanu & Pușcaru (1971) [241]); Moldoveanu Peak (Lit.: Popescu & Sanda (1972) [232]); Gălbenele Peak (Lit.: Ronikier (2010) [257]). Fig. 24: Geum reptans. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis).

43 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS Newly reported distribution records of G. reptans in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 24B) We found the species in the alpine zone, constantly throughout the entire range, in lessexposed rocky sites allowing prolonged snow coverage, usually on siliceous screes and rock crevices, occurring together with Oxyria digyna, Artemisia eriantha subsp. petraea, Rhodiola rosea, Saxifraga pedemontana subsp. cymosa, Doronicum carpaticum, Achillea oxyloba subsp. schurii, Callianthemum coriandrifolium, Saxifraga carpatica, Pritzelago alpina subsp. brevicaulis, Chrysosplenium alpinum, etc. Chorological synthesis: Bâlea glacial cirque [Pușcaș M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Fereastra Bâlei [Bartók A., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; eastern slopes of Arpașu Mare Peak [Ronikier M. & Ronikier A., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; below Arpașul Mic Peak, northern glacial cirque [Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; below Arpașul Mic Peak, western flank [Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; below Mușețeica Peak, western flank [Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; Strunga Podrăgelului [Ronikier M. & Ronikier A.2005, coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Tărâța Peak, north-exposed gully [Ronikier M. & Ronikier A., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; between Moldoveanu Peak and Viştea Mare Peak [Pușcaș M. & Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; Strunga Moldoveanu [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Valea Rea glacial cirque, northern flank [Pușcaș M. & Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Portița Viștei Saddle [Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; below Gălbenele Peak [Bartók A. & Bartha L., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Răcorele glacial cirque, NE from Gălășescu Mare Peak [Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; Urlea glacial cirque [Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ] Jacobaea incana (L.) Weldkamp subsp. carniolica (Willd.) B. Nord & Greuter [= Jacobaea carniolica (Willd.) Schrank; Senecio incanus subsp. carniolicus (Willd.) Braun- Blanq.; Senecio carniolicus Willd.] J. incana subsp. carniolica is a European alpine species, occurring in the Central and Eastern European Alps [1] and the Carpathians [307] Distribution of J. incana subsp. carniolica in the Carpathians In the WC, the species occurs only in the Tatry Mts., growing on siliceous bedrock in the alpine and subnival belts. Found at the eastern limit of its distribution range in the SEC (Fig. 25A), J. incana subsp. carniolica usually grows in grasslands, stable screes, moraines, rock crevices and fellfields, on siliceous bedrock in the subalpine, alpine and nival zones [247]. First documented data on the Carniolian ragwort in the SEC date back to the 18 th century, when Kitaibel reported the species from the Rodna Mts. (Pietrosul Mare) [8]. Later, the species was mentioned from several ranges of the Romanian EC Suhard, Călimani, Bistriţei, and Baiului Mts. [8]. The species was also mentioned from the Ţibleş Mts. [8, 181, 209]. In the Ukrainian part of the EC, J. incana subsp. carniolica was reported from the Chornohora and Marmarosh Mts., in alpine belt, on rocks and stony places [42, 149]. However, there are no recent mentions of this taxon from Ukraine. Moreover, Konechnaya (1994) [143] in the Flora of the European Part of USSR noted that this taxon is a Central European element, but she could

44 120 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA not identify any specimens from USSR. It was also not mentioned by Minderova & Klokov (1962) [176] in the flora of Ukrainian SSR, which suggests that J. carniolica was probably wrongly reported from Ukraine. In the SC, J. incana subsp. carniolica was reported from the Iezer-Păpuşa, Făgăraş, Parâng, Retezat, and Ţarcu Mts. [8, 209]. The reports from Suhard and Vâlcan Mts., based on the herbarium material collected by Grapini (kept in the BUCF herbarium) should be further investigated. This species has been evaluated as rare (R) in the SEC, being included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208] Previously known distribution of J. incana subsp. carniolica in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 25B) A very rare taxon in the alpine zone of the Făgăraş Mts., J. incana subsp. carniolica was previously reported in the 19 th century [249] and the 20 th century [241] only from few localities in the western part of the range (the Ciortea and Podeanu peaks). Chorological synthesis: Avrig lake (Lit.: Pușcaru-Soroceanu & Pușcaru (1971) [241]); Ciortea Peak (Lit.: Reissenberger (1886) [249], Pușcaru-Soroceanu & Pușcaru (1971) [241]; Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss; Herb. E. Kisch); Podeanu Mt. (Lit.: Pușcaru-Soroceanu & Pușcaru (1971) [241]) Newly reported distribution records of J. incana subsp. carniolica in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 25B) We found a small population of J. incana subsp. carniolica near the Ciortea peak. It grows here on siliceous cliffs and in poorly-developed grasslands, together with Carex curvula, Juncus trifidus, Loiseleuria procumbens, Campanula alpina, Primula minima, Hieracium alpinum, Ligusticum mutellina, Pulsatilla alba, Ranunculus crenatus, Potentilla aurea subsp. chrysocraspeda, etc. Chorological synthesis: Ciortea Peak, eastern flank [Bartók A., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]. Fig. 25: Jacobaea incana subsp. carniolica. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis) Kobresia myosuroides (Vill.) Fiori [= Carex bellardii All.; Carex myosuroides Vill.; Elyna bellardii (All.) K. Koch; Elyna myosuroides (Vill.) Janch.; Elyna spicata Schrad.; Elyna scirpina (Willd.) Pax; Kobresia bellardii (All.) Loisel.; Kobresia scirpina Willd.]

45 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS K. myosuroides is a typical circumpolar taxon and an important dominant species in plant communities from many arctic and alpine regions of the Holarctic [62]. It has a large distribution in North America and Northern Eurasia, extending to Japan and Korea in the East, and to China, Mongolia, and Kazahstan in Central Asia. In Europe, the species is encountered in the northern part of the continent (Fennoscandia, Northern Urals, Iceland) [307] and in the mountains of Central and Southern Europe from the Pyrennes [264], through the Alps [1], the Appennines [222] to the Carpathians and South-West Bulgaria in the Pirin and Rila Mts. [5]. This tussockforming sedge grows on dry, usually calcareous slopes, in meadows and heaths, on wind-swept ridges and edges, not covered by deep snow in winter [20]. It is a diagnostic element of the vegetation class Carici rupestris-kobresietea bellardii [281] Distribution of K. myosuroides in the Carpathians In the WC, it is a very rare species, occurring only on a few localities in the Slovak part of the Tatry Mts. It grows there in dry, rocky grasslands on calcareous or siliceous bedrock, in subalpine and alpine belts. K. myosuroides is a similarly rare species in the SEC (Fig. 26A), having larger populations only in the Bucegi Mts. The first mention of K. myosuroides from this range was given by Simonkai (1886) [284], who found the species near the Omu Peak. Later, the taxon was reported from several other mountain ranges: Postăvaru [266], Piatra Craiului [13], Iezer-Păpuşa [3], and Retezat Mts. [276]. Oprea (2005) [209] mentioned the species from the Cernei Mts. [209]. However, this report is erroneous, as it is based on the data included in the synthesis of Boșcaiu (1971) [25], which referred to the Godeanu Mts. (Scărișoara). Furthermore, Boșcaiu (1971) [25] and Şerbănescu & Nyárády (1966b) [295] based their reports on the same source of Heuffel (1858) [120], which according to Simonkai (1886) [284] refers to Carex rupestris (see also Degen (1902) [76] and C. rupestris discussion for details). K. myosuroides is a rare (R) species in the SEC, being included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208] Previously known distribution of K. myosuroides in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 26B) Schur (1866) [276] was the first to mention this taxon from the Făgăraş Mts. (Negoiu Mt.), the record later being considered doubtful by Simonkai (1886) [284]. K. myosuroides was further reported from the Vânătarea (Vânătoarea) lui Buteanu Peak by E.I. & A. Nyárády (1964a, 1964b) [206, 207], from the Râiosu Mt. by Puşcaru-Soroceanu et al. (1981) [242], and from the Bâlea glacial cirque, Doamnei Saddle and Vânătarea lui Buteanu Peak by Drăgulescu (2010) [88]. Chorological synthesis: Doamnei Saddle (Lit.: Drăgulescu (2010) [88]); Negoiu Peak (Lit.: Schur (1866) [276], Simonkai (1886) [284], Grecescu (1898) [109], Ungar (1925) [313], Şerbănescu & Nyárády (1966b) [295]); Bâlea glacial cirque (Lit.: Drăgulescu (2010) [88]); Râiosu Mt. (Lit.: Puşcaru-Soroceanu et al. (1981) [242]); Vânătarea (Vânătoarea) lui Buteanu Peak (Lit.: Nyárády & Nyárády (1964a, 1964b) [206, 207], Drăgulescu (2000) [85]) Newly reported distribution records of K. myosuroides in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 26B) We found a small population of K. myosuroides on the calcareous outcrops from the northwestern slope of Muşeţeica Peak, occurring together with Alyssum repens, Galium anysophyllon, Achillea oxyloba subsp. schurii, Carex sempervirens, Festuca versicolor, Euphrasia salisburgensis, Cerastium alpinum subsp. lanatum, Pedicularis verticillata, Dryas

46 122 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA octopetala, Helianthemum oelandicum subsp. alpestre, etc. Chorological synthesis: below Mușețeica Peak [Bartók A. & Bartha L., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]. Fig. 26: Kobresia myosuroides. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis) Ligusticum mutellinoides (Crantz) Vill. [= Arpitium alpinum (Ledeb.) Koso-Pol.; Arpitium simplex (L.) Koso-Pol.; Conioselinum gayoides Less.; Gaya multicaulis Schur; Gaya simplex (L.) Gaudin; Laserpitium mutellinoides Crantz; Laserpitium simplex L.; Ligusticum alpinum (Ledeb.) Kurtz; Ligusticum simplex (L.) All.; Neogaya simplex (L.) Meisn.; Pachypleurum alpinum Ledeb.; Pachypleurum mutellinoides (Crantz) Holub; Pachypleurum simplex (L.) Rchb.] In Europe, this arctic-alpine species occurs in the Alps and the Carpathians, but its range spans to arctic Russia [307]. It mainly grows in arctic-alpine grasslands on windward ridges, in communities belonging to Carici rupestris-kobresietea bellardii [281] Distribution of L. mutellinoides in the Carpathians In the WC, the species occurs only in the Tatry Mts. where it is scattered in the alpine belt, mainly in grasslands on enriched siliceous bedrock (often on mylonites). In the SEC (Fig. 27A), the species was reported only from Romania, from the Oaș, Gutâi, Țibleș, Ciucaș, Bucegi, Piatra Craiului, Iezer-Păpușa, Făgăraș, Parâng, and Cindrel Mts. [304]. L. mutellinoides was erroneously mentioned from the Rodna Mts. by Oprea (2005) [209], quoting M. Pușcaș by mistake. It has been evaluated as rare (R) for the SEC, and has been included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208] Previously known distribution of L. mutellinoides in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 27B) Chorological synthesis: Negoiu Peak (Lit.: Todor (1958) [304]; Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss); Laița Peak (Lit.: Drăgulescu (2010) [88]); Doamnei glacial cirque (Lit.: Fronius (1856) [98], Fuss (1866) [104], Simonkai (1886) [284], Drăgulescu (2010) [88]; Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss); Paltinu Peak (Lit.: Drăgulescu (2010) [88]); Bâlea glacial cirque (Lit.: Drăgulescu (2010) [88]); Capra Saddle (Lit.: Drăgulescu (2010) [88]); Vânătarea (Vânătoarea) lui Buteanu Peak (Lit.: Drăgulescu (2010) [88]); Râiosu-Buda Mts. (Lit.: Buia & Todor (1948a) [33], Todor (1958) [304]); Capra Budei (Lit.: Todor (1958) [304]); Arpaș Mts. (Lit.: Schur (1866) [276], Simonkai (1886) [284]); Plaiu Țării (Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss).

47 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS Newly reported distribution records of L. mutellinoides in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 27B) We found the species occurring usually in grasslands developed on calcareous and enriched siliceous bedrocks. Chorological synthesis: Paltinu Peak [Pușcaș M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; below Paltinu Peak [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; between Paltinu Peak and Bâlea glacial cirque [Hurdu B.-I. & Pușcaș M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; below Iezerul Caprei Peak [Bartók A., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; below Muşeteica Peak [Bartók A. & Bartha L., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; below Muşeteica Peak, western flank [Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; between Muşeteica Peak and Râiosu Peak [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; summit area of Ucea Mare Peak [Ronikier M. & Ronikier A., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; between Moldoveanu Peak and Viştea Mare Peak [Pușcaș, M. & Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; below Roșu Moldoveanului Peak, eastern glacial cirque [Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat.lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]. Fig. 27: Ligusticum mutellinoides. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis) Papaver alpinum L. subsp. corona-sancti-stephani (Zapalł.) Borza [= Papaver corona-sancti-stephani Zapalł.; Papaver pyrenaicum (L.) Kern. subsp. corona-sancti-stephani (Zapal.) Borza] P. alpinum subsp. corona-sancti-stephani is considered, in a narrow taxonomical acceptance, to be endemic for the SEC, occurring only in the Romanian Carpathians [129]. However, P. alpinum s.l. is considered a highly polymorphic group in the European Alpine System, with many reported local endemic taxa (incl. P. alpinum subsp. corona-sancti-stephani) not sufficiently differentiated (except the Pyrenean lineage, P. alpinum subsp. lapeyrousianum) in order to justify their recognition as separate taxa [268] Distribution of P. alpinum subsp. corona-sancti-stephani in the Carpathians The subspecies, defined in this narrow sense, is absent from the WC (other endemic taxa belonging to P. alpinum s.l. occur there instead: P. tatricum, P. fatraemagnae). In the SEC (Fig. 28A), P. alpinum subsp. corona-sancti-stephani is tightly linked with the existence of calcareous habitats (rockeries and screes), being distributed in several ranges across

48 124 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA both the Eastern and the SC. It was reported from the Țibleș [197], Rodna [54], Ceahlău [79], Bucegi [15], Piatra Craiului [173], Făgăraș, [88], Căpățânii (western slope of Piatra Târnovului) [223], Buila-Vânturarița, Parâng [234], and Piule-Piatra Iorgovanului Mts. [72]. However, according to Manoliu et al. (2002) [166], the taxon requires confirmation in the Ceahlău massif. The reports from this massif originated from M. Brândză s ( ) synthesis [28], with a reference to Kanitz ( ) [134], who on his turn cited Janka(!). However, there are no recent records and neither any specimen exists in public herbaria to certify the occurrence of this species in the Ceahlău massif. P. alpinum subsp. corona-sancti-stephani is recognised as a rare (R) SEC endemic, being included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208] Previously known distribution of P. alpinum subsp. corona-sancti-stephani in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 28B) The taxon was cited from few localities in the Făgăraș Mts., highly linked with the existence of extensive calcareous habitats in the range. Chorological synthesis: Călțun lake (Lit.: Tauber (1978) [301]); Muchia Bâlii ridge (Lit.: Pușcaru- Soroceanu & Pușcaru (1971) [241], Tauber (1978) [301], Drăgulescu (2000) [85]); Bâlea glacial cirque (Lit.: Csűrös (1953) [68], Drăgulescu (2000) [85]); Capra Budei (Lit.: Buia & Todor (1948a) [33]); Copita Iezerului, ca m (Lit.: Csűrös (1957) [69]); Râiosu Peak, ca m (Buia & Todor (1948a) [33], Csűrös (1957) [69], Pușcaru- Soroceanu & Pușcaru (1971) [241], Pop (1993) [229], Stancu (2005) [287]); Polița lui Vodă (Lit.: Buia & Todor (1948a) [33], Stancu (2005) [287]). Fig. 28: Papaver alpinum subsp. corona-sancti-stephani. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis) Newly reported distribution records of P. alpinum subsp. corona-sanctistephani in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 28B) We found P. alpinum subsp. corona-sancti-stephani in the area of the Râiosu-Buda Mts., on the western slopes of the Mușețeica Peak, where apparently (considering also previous reports) is the most developed population of this taxon from the range. It appears on stabile calcareous screes, together with Rumex scutatus, Viola alpina, Arabis alpina, Doronicum carpaticum, Draba compacta, Androsace obtusifolia, etc. Chorological synthesis: below Muşețeica Peak [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat.lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; below Muşețeica Peak, western flank [Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ; Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat.

49 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; Muşețeica Peak area [Bartók A. & Bartha L., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]. Fig. 29: Rare high-mountain taxa from the calcareous rocky habitats of the Făgăraș Mts. A. Astragalus australis, from the rocky outcrops of the Pârâul Larg Peak, Muchia Drăgușului ridge (photo credit: A. Bartók, ); B. Salix alpina (B1. Detail of leaf pilosity), from the siliceous cliffs with calcic intrusions of Custura Ciortei (photo credit: A. Bartók, ); C. Papaver alpinum subsp. coronasancti-stephani, a SE Carpathian endemic from the screes below the Mușețeica Peak (photo credit: B.-I. Hurdu, ); D. Eritrichium nanum subsp. jankae, from the Piatra Caprei limestone cliffs (photo credit: B.-I. Hurdu, ) Persicaria alpina (All.) Gross. [= Aconogonon alpinum (All.) Schur; Pleuropteropyrum alpinum (All.) Kitag.; Polygonum alpinum All.] P. alpina has a circumpolar distribution in Europe and Asia, reaching the mountains of the Himalayas. In Europe, it is ecountered mainly in the mountains of southern, central and eastern part of the continent, especially in the south-western Alps [1], the Pyrenees [264], the Apennines

50 126 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA [222], the Dinarids [126, 307], mountains of the Balkan Peninsula (incl. Rila, Pirin) [5], and the Carpathians [126, 307] Distribution of P. alpina in the Carpathians The Carpathian distribution of P. alpina is limited to the SEC (Fig. 30A), where it usually grows in grasslands developed on schistous slopes and screes. The species is rare (R) in Romania, being included in both the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208] and the Romanian Red Book [80]. P. alpina was mentioned for the first time by Edel (1853) [90] in the EC (the Ceahlău Mts.), but without referenced locality. Manoliu et al. (2002) [166] considered doubtful the occurrence of P. alpina in the Ceahlău Mts. Further records for this species came from Schur (1866) [276] who mentioned it from the Rodna Mts. (Corongiș Mt.), and which was later cited by Porcius (1878) [236]. However, Simonkai (1886) [284] considered this data doubtful. Finally, the last record from the EC came from Mititelu et al. (1989) [179], but similarly, without any clear locality. In the SC, Baumgarten (1816) [9] reported P. alpina in the 19 th century from the Făgăraş Mts. (Gaura de Lotri). P. alpina was also mentioned by Heuffel (1858) [120] from the Godeanu Mts. in Scărişoara Mts., from the Cindrel Mts. (Frumoasa Peak) [276], and the Parâng Mts. (Tidvele and Mohoru Mt.) [31]. More recently, a population of P. alpina was discovered by G. Negrean (BUC 2916, ) on the northern mountainface of the Bulzu Mt., from the Cozia Mts. The species was also mentioned from the Retezat and Mehedinți Mts [80], however, E.I. Nyárády (1958) [202] did not mention this species in the floristic monography of the Retezat Mts Previously known distribution of P. alpina in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 30B) P. alpina was reported from several localities in the Făgăraş Mts., mainly from the central part of the range. Chorological synthesis: Munții Făgăraș (Herb. CL: Baumgarten, 1822, CL 15171; Herb. SIB: Schur, 1851, Herb. M. Fuss 9974 ); Suru Peak (Lit.: Grințescu (1952) [113]); Ciortea Peak (Lit.: Grințescu (1952) [113]; Herb. BP: Herb. M. Fuss; Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss); Avrig lake (Lit.: Drăgulescu (2010) [88]; Herb. SIB: Herb. G.A. Kayser; Herb. Anexă K. Ungar); Negoiu Peak (Lit.: Tuzson (1934) [308]); Doamnei Valley (Herb. BP: Trautmann, 1914, BP ); Paltinu Peak, ca m (Lit.: Drăgulescu (2000) [85], Dihoru & Negrean (2009) [80], Drăgulescu (2010) [88]; Herb. CL: Pop, 1953, CL ; Herb. SIB: Herb. I. Pop); Bâlea glacial cirque (Lit.: Borza (1941) [24], Grințescu (1952) [113], Drăgulescu (2000, 2010) [85, 88]; Herb. SIB: Herb. E.I. Nyárády); above Bâlea lake, ca m (Lit.: Dihoru & Negrean (2009) [80]; Herb. CL: Buia & Todor, 1946, CL ; CL ; Herb. SIB: Herb. K. Ungar; FRE); Arpaș Mts. (Lit.: Simonkai (1886) [284]); Râiosu Mt. (Lit.: Buia & Todor (1948a) [33]); Arpașu Mare Valley (Lit.: Grințescu (1952) [113]; Herb. BP: Tuzson, 1914, ca m; Herb. SIB: Herb. J. Barth; Herb. K. Ungar); Bulzu Căldării, NW from Arpașul Mare Peak (Lit.: Simonkai (1886) [284]; Herb. BP: Simonkai, 1883, BP ); Arpașul Mare Peak (Vârtopu Peak) (Lit.: Tuzson (1934) [308]; Herb. BP: Degen, 1914, BP ; Herb. SIB: Herb. J. Barth; Herb. K. Ungar); Turnurile Podragului (Lit.: Botsch (1991) [27]); Tărâța Peak (Herb. BP: Baumgarten, 1822, BP ); Gaura de Lotri (Zârna Peak area) (Lit.: Schur (1866) [276]); Brașov Region (Herb. CL: Rațiu, 1956, CL ) Newly reported distribution records of P. alpina in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 30B) We found P. alpina in several localities across the Făgăraş Mts., among which a few were previously unknown from this range (Urlea glacial cirque and Muchia Drăgușului ridge). The plant was usually accompanied by Oxyria digyna, Phyteuma vagneri, Centaurea kotschyana, Aquilegia transsilvanica, Oreochloa disticha, Swertia perennis, Doronicum carpaticum,

51 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS Myosotis alpestris, Saxifraga adscendens, Achillea oxyloba subsp. schurii, Pritzelago alpina subsp. brevicaulis, Anthemis cretica subsp. carpatica, Gentiana punctata, Hedysarum hedysaroides, etc. Chorological synthesis: between Bâlea glacial cirque and Doamnele glacial cirque [Hurdu B.-I. & Pușcaș M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; Bâlea glacial cirque, above Bâlea lake [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ; between Bâlea lake and Văiuga Valley, below Văiuga Peak ridge [Pușcaș M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; cliffs near the pathway between Capra lake and Transfăgărăşan [Pușcaș M. & Hurdu B.-I., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; below Fereastra Zmeilor [Bartók A. & Bartha L., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Pietroasa glacial cirque, near Trei Paşi de Moarte [Bartók A. & Bartha L., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Podrăgel glacial cirque [Bartók A. & Bartha L., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt. 2155]; Poliţa Stream, below Muchia Drăguşului ridge [Bartók A. & Bartha L., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Urlea glacial cirque [Hurdu B.-I. & Bartha L., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ; Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]. Fig. 30: Persicaria alpina. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis) Phyteuma vagneri A. Kerner [= Phyteuma spiciforme Rochel, Phyteuma atropurpureum Schur, Phyteuma nigrum Baumg. var. atropurpureum Schur, Phyteuma halleri auct. transs non All., Phyteuma ovatum Baumg., Phyteuma betonicaefolium Baumg.] Distribution of P. vagneri in the Carpathians (Fig. 31A) Phyteuma vagneri is a subalpine-alpine endemic species, occurring in the Ukrainian and Romanian parts of the SEC [124, 125, 136]. The species was reported in the Ukrainian part of the EC from several ranges: the Eastern Beskydy, Polonynas (Borzhava), Gorgany, Svydovets (Blyznytsia Mt.) [213], Chornohora, Chyvchyny, and Marmarosh Mts. [42, 192, 299 In the Romanian part of the EC, P. vagneri was reported from the Țibles [311], Rodna [54], Maramureș [42, 106, 191, 299, 296], Obcinele Bucovinene [170], Rarău [243], Giumalău (Pușcaș & Hurdu, , CL ), Ceahlău [324], Suhard [278], Călimani [67], Harghita [55], Hășmaș [189], Nemira [178], Buzău (Penteleu) [78, 191], and Vrancei Mts. [63]. The species was also reported from the Bodoc Mts. [146], a low-elevation range that

52 128 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA recommends a more thorough and careful investigation of this report considering the general ecological preferrences of this taxon (subalpine-alpine environments). In the SC, P. vagneri was reported from the Ciucaș (Coldea G., 2004, unpubl data), Piatra Mare [35], Postăvaru, [191], Parâng, [106], Bucegi [15], Făgăraș [88], Retezat [202], Țarcu and Godeanu Mts. [25]. A reference exists from the Cernei Mts., published by Oprea (2005) [209], which we consider erroneous, as it is based on the report from the Scărișoara Mt. that refers to the Godeanu Mts. [25]. Finally, P. vagneri was also recorded in the Apuseni Mts. (Bihor- Vlădeasa Mts.) [73]. P. vagneri is considered a rare (R) endemic species of the SEC, and has been included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208] Previously known distribution of P. vagneri in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 31B) Chorological synthesis: Valea Laiței, ca m (Herb. CL: Voik, 1973, CL ); Laița Peak (Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss); Lăițel Peak, ca m (Lit.: Csűrös (1957) [69]); Jgheabul Văros (Herb. SIB: Herb. K. Ungar); Doamnei Valley (Lit.: Fuss (1866) [104], Simonkai (1886) [284], Ghișa (1964a) [106]; Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss); Paltinu Peak (Lit.: Grecescu (1909) [111], Drăgulescu (2010) [88]); Bâlea glacial cirque (Lit.: Drăgulescu (2010) [88]; Herb. SIB: Herb. H. Heltmann; Herb. E. Kisch); Bâlea lake (Herb. SIB: Herb. H. Heltman, Herb. E. Kisch); between Capra lake and Fereastra Zmeilor (Herb. CL: Pachschwöll & Gilli, 2012, CL ); Muchia Albota ridge (Lit.: Fuss (1866) [104], Simonkai (1886) [284], Ghișa (1964a) [106]); Arpașul Mare Peak (Vârtopu Peak) (Lit.: Schur (1852) [272], Fuss (1866) [104], Simonkai (1886) [284], Tuzson (1934) [308], Ghișa (1964a) [106]; Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss; Herb. G.A. Kayser; Herb. K. Ungar); Podrăgel Peak (Lit.: Reissenberger (1864) [248], Schur (1866) [276]; Herb. SIB: Herb. K. Ungar); Tărâța Peak (Herb. SIB: Herb. K. Ungar); Zârna Peak (Lit.: Schur (1866) [276]) Newly reported distribution records of P. vagneri in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 31B) We found the species occurring in a few sites from the alpine zone of the Făgăraș Mts., mainly in grasslands developed on steep siliceous slopes. Chorological synthesis: Lespezi ridge, between Bâlea glacial cirque and Doamnei glacial cirque [Hurdu B.-I. & Pușcaș M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]; Urlea glacial cirque [Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]. Fig. 31: Phyteuma vagneri. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis).

53 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS Primula halleri J. F. Gmel. [= Primula longiflora All.; Aleuritia halleri (J.F. Gmel.) Soják] P. halleri distribution is limited to Europe, and includes the Alps [1], the Dolomites [222], the Carpathians (including the Tatra Mts.) and the mountains of the Balkan Peninsula [307] Distribution of P. halleri in the Carpathians In the WC, it is an extremely rare species found only in the Belanske Tatry Mts. (Slovakia), growing on calciphilous grasslands in the alpine belt. In the SEC (Fig. 32A), the species was reported from the Polish and Ukrainian part of the EC, and from the Romanian Carpathians, occurring in the subalpine and alpine zone, mainly in calcareous habitats. There was a single population in the Bieszczady Mts. (Polish part of the EC) but it is currently considered extinct [172]. In the Ukrainian part of the EC, P. halleri was mentioned from the Chornohora [153, 157], Chyvchyny [42], Svydovets (Dragobrat, Blyznytsia, and Heryshaska Mts.), and Marmarosh Mts. (= Ukrainian Maramureș) (Neneska Mt.) [330]. The species occurs in small populations in subalpine and alpine zones ( m a.s.l.), often in Achilleo (schurii) Dryadetum oxypetalae, Thymo Festucetum amethystinae, and Seslerietum coerulans (Asplenietea trichomanis, Carici rupestris Kobresietea bellardii) communities [330]. Zyman & Derbak (2013) [326] reported that they successfully introduced this species in the Gorgany Mts. In the Romanian Carpathians the species was previously reported from the Rodna and Giurgeu Mts. [118], the Rarău, Hășmaș [209], Nemira [48], Bucegi [15], Piatra Craiului [173], Bârsei [118], Făgăraș [88], Parâng [225, 226], Retezat [59], and Țarcu Mts. [25]. P. halleri has been evaluated as rare (R) in the SEC, being included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208], the Polish Red Book [172], and the Ukrainian Red Book [330] Previously known distribution of P. halleri in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 32B) Chorological synthesis: Chica Pietrelor (Herb. SIB: Herb. E. Kisch); Fedeleșu Mt. (Lit.: Gușuleac & Morariu (1960) [118], Sanda & Popescu (1971) [263]; Herb. SIB: Herb. K. Ungar); Suru Peak (Lit.: Grecescu (1909) [111], Gușuleac & Morariu (1960) [118], Sanda & Popescu (1971) [263]); Negoiu Peak (Lit.: Grecescu (1898) [109], Gușuleac & Morariu (1960) [118], Sanda & Popescu (1971) [263]); Jgheabul Văros (Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss); Doamnei Valley (Lit.: Csűrös (1957) [69], Nyárády & Nyárády (1964a) [206]); Cârțișoara Mts. (Lit.: Schur (1866) [276], Simonkai (1886) [284], Gușuleac & Morariu (1960) [118], Sanda & Popescu (1971) [263]); Vârtopel Peak (Lit.: Fuss (1866) [104], Gușuleac & Morariu (1960) [118], Sanda & Popescu (1971) [263]); Râiosu-Buda Mts. (Lit.: Buia & Todor (1948a) [33], Pușcaru-Soroceanu & Pușcaru (1971) [241]); Arpaș Mts. (Lit.: Schur (1852, 1866) [272, 276], Simonkai (1886) [284], Gușuleac & Morariu (1960) [118], Sanda & Popescu (1971) [263]; Herb. SIB: Herb. G.A. Kayser); Podrăgel Peak (Lit.: Reissenberger (1864) [248]) Newly reported distribution records of P. halleri in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 32B) We found few individuals of P. halleri occurring in the calcareous grasslands and outcrops from the Piatra Caprei limestone cliffs, below the Muchia Sâmbetei ridge. Chorological synthesis: Piatra Caprei limestone cliffs [Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ].

54 130 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA Fig. 32: Primula halleri. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.; the thick contoured empty area refers to the Bieszczady Mts., where the species is considered extinct); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis) Ranunculus alpestris L. [ = Hecatonia alpestris Schur; Hecatonia traunfellneri Schur] R. alpestris occurs in the subalpine and alpine zones, often in calcareous sites from the Southern and Central European Mountains, from the Cordillera Cantabrica through the Pyrenees [264], the Alps [1], the Central Apennines [222], and the Jura Mts. to the Carpathians [128, 307] Distribution of R. alpestris in the Carpathians In the WC, the species occurs in several mountain ranges with calcareous areas: the Tatry (the most abundantly), Nízke Tatry, Mala Fatra, Veľký Choč, and Muránska Planina Mts. It grows mostly on limestone but also on enriched siliceous bedrock (mylonites) with high elevation amplitude (from forests to subnival belt). In the SEC (Fig. 33A), R. alpestris was first mentioned in the 19 th century by Baumgarten (1816) [9] from the Korongyis (= Corongiş) peak in the Rodna Mts. In 1853, Kotschy indicated R. alpestris from the Bucegi Mts. [15]. Later, Schur (1866) [276] reported the species from the Piatra Craiului Mts. as Hecatonia alpestris Schur. The species was also reported by Grecescu (1898) [109] from the Iezer-Păpuşa Mts. (Oticul Mic Mt.) and by Mititelu et al. (1989) [179] from the Suhard Mts., but without any referenced locality. R. alpestris is a rare (R) species in the SEC, being included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208] Previously known distribution of R. alpestris in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 33B) R. alpestris is a rare species in the Făgăraș Mts. Fuss (1866) [104] was the first to report R. alpestris from this range (Arpaş Mt.). Chorological synthesis: Bârcaciu Peak (Herb. SIB: Herb. K. Ungar); Negoiu Peak (Lit.: Grecescu (1898) [109], Rațiu (1982) [244]); Capra lake (Herb. BUCA: Puşcaru-Soroceanu, 1968); Râiosu Mt. (Lit.: Stancu (205) [287]); Arpaș Mts. (Lit.: Fuss (1866) [104], Simonkai (1886) [284], Doltu & Schneider-Binder (1970) [81], Rațiu (1982) [244]; Herb. SIB: Schur, Herb. M. Fuss 11910); Arpașul Mare Peak (Vârtopu Peak) (Lit.: Ungar (1925) [313], Nyárády (1953) [196]); Podrăgel Peak (Lit.: Schur (1866) [276]) New distribution records of R. alpestris in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 33B) We found two new populations of R. alpestris (Piciorul Lespezi and Bâlea glacial cirque), occurring in alpine snowbed communities together with Salix reticulata, Salix retusa, Silene

55 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS acaulis, Viola alpina, Pedicularis oederi, Dryas octopetala, Dianthus glacialis subsp. gelidus, Polygonum viviparum, Saxifraga paniculata, Anemone narcissiflora, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Carex sempervirens, Saxifraga androsacea, etc. Chorological synthesis: Piciorul Lespezilor [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Bâlea glacial cirque [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]. Fig. 33: Ranunculus alpestris. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis) Salix alpina Scop. [= Salix jacquinii Host; Salix jacquiniana Willd.] S. alpina is a European alpine species, distributed in the Eastern Alps [1], the Carpathians, and in one site from the mountains of Macedonia [307]. Biogeographically, the Carpathian population is important since constitute the easternmost geographical limit of S. alpina Distribution of S. alpina in the Carpathians In the WC, the species occurs in the Tatry Mts., Nízke Tatry Mts. and Mala Fatra Mts., in rocky grasslands on limestone. In the SEC (Fig. 34A), S. alpina was often confused with the more widely distributed S. retusa L. In the EC, the Alpine willow was reported from the Rodna Mts. (e.g., Corongiş, Ineu, Pietrosul Rodnei) [9, 54, 219] and the Ceahlău Mts. (Pax, 1850, BP herbarium). In the Ukrainian part of the EC, the species was mentioned from only one locality in the Svydovets Mts. (Blyznytsia Mt.), occurring on limestone at 1880 m a.s.l., in Salicion retusae and Androsacion alpinae communities [42, 75]. In the SC, S. alpina was mentioned from the Piatra Mare (Pax, 1912, BP Herbarium), Postăvaru (Puşcaş & Hurdu, 2009, CL ), Bucegi [276, 104, 15], Piatra Craiului [173], Făgăraş [88], and Piule-Piatra Iorgovanului Mts. [72]. S. alpina is considered a rare (R) species in the Romanian Carpathians, being included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208], and a Critically Endangered (CR) species by Dihoru & Negrean (2009), being included in the Romanian Plant Red Book [80]. The species is also included in the Ukrainian Red Book 75], considered a Critically Endangered (threatened with extinction) relict alpine plant Previously known distribution of S. alpina in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 34B) Schur (1866) [276] was the first to mention S. alpina in the Făgăraș Mts., on the Arpaș

56 132 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA Mt. and Bâlea glacial circus, followed by Ungar s report (1913) [312] from the Podragu glacial circus. Further records came from other areas of the range, but most of the previous reports recorded the species in the central region of the Făgăraș Mts. Chorological synthesis: Jgheabul Văros Peak (Herb. SIB: Herb. K. Ungar); Paltinu Peak (Lit.: Voik & Schneider (1978) [321]); Bâlea glacial cirque (Lit.: Schur (1866) [276], Ungar (1913) [312], Nyárády (1967) [205], Negrean & Drăgulescu (205) [190]); Bâlea lake (Lit.: Schur (1866) [276], Simonkai (1886) [284], Beldie (1952) [12], Bechet et al. (1962) [10], Pop & Sălăgeanu (1965) [228], Drăgulescu (2000) [85], Dihoru & Negrean (2009) [80]); Vânătarea (Vânătoarea) lui Buteanu Peak (Lit.: Prodan (1939) [237], Nyárády (1967) [205]; Herb. SIB: Herb. E.I. Nyárády); Buda Mt. (Lit.: Buia & Todor (1948) [34]); Arpaș Mts. (Lit.: Schur (1866) [276], Simonkai (1886) [284]); Arpașul Mare Peak (Vârtopu Peak) (Lit.: Beldie (1952) [12], Dihoru & Negrean (2009) [80]); Podrăgel Peak (Herb. SIB: Herb. Societății Ardelene de Șt. Nat. Sibiu); Podragu glacial cirque (Lit.: Ungar (1913) [312]); Moșului Peak (Lit.: Nyárády (1942) [193]) Newly recorded distribution records of S. alpina in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 34B) We found a small population of S. alpina near the Ciortea Peak (Custura Ciortei), where it grows on enriched siliceous bedrock. Chorological synthesis: Custura Ciortei, near Portiţa Avrigului [Bartók A., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]. Fig. 34: Salix alpina. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis) Salix hastata L. [ = Salix cerasifolia Schleich. ex Spreng.; Salix elegans Host (illeg.); Salix farriae var. walpolei Coville & C.R.Ball; Salix hastata subsp. psiloides Flod.; Salix hastatella Rech.f.; Salix malifolia Sm.; Salix psiloides Kom.; Salix psyloides Kom.; Salix serrulata Willd.; Salix walpolei (Coville & C.R.Ball) C.R.Ball] A Eurasian arctic-alpine deciduous dwarf shrub, S. hastata has a large area of distribution in Europe, ranging from the arctic region to the high mountains of the European Alpine System [307] Distribution of S. hastata in the Carpathians In the WC, it is a rare species with a few populations in the subalpine and alpine belt of the Tatry Mts., mostly on limestone, on stabilized screes, tall herbs and grasslands. In the SEC (Fig. 35A), S. hastata was reported for the first time by Baumgarten (1816) [9], who found the species in the Rodna, Piatra Mare and Făgăraş Mts. In the Ukrainian part of the EC, the species was reported from the Chornohora [42, 330]. The species was also mentioned from the Svydovets Mts. [89], however the authors reference the paper of Kobiv et al. (2009)

57 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS [141], where there is no note on S. hastata from Svydovets Mts., the author only mentioning S. alpina and S. silesiaca. Further records were given from the Romanian Carpathians, from the Bucegi [284, 15], Postăvaru [256], Piule-Piatra Iorgovanului [72], Leaota (Culmea Zacotelor ridge) [77], Făgăraș [88], and the Piatra Craiului Mts. [183]. Mititelu et al. (1989) [179] mentioned the species from Suhard Mts., while the report from the Iezer-Păpuşa Mts. [209] appears to be erroneous, as Alexiu (1998) [3] mentioned S. hastata only from the Piatra Craiului and Leaota Mts. on Culmea Zacotelor. It is considered a rare (R) species in the SEC, being included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208] Previously known distribution of S. hastata in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 35B) The first botanist to mention S. hastata from the Făgăraș Mts. was Baumgarten (1816) [9]. Later, the species was mentioned by Fronius (1856) on Tunsu Mt. [98], Schur (1866) [276] and Fuss (1866) [104]. Chorological synthesis: Suru Peak (Lit.: Baumgarten (1816) [9], Fuss (1866) [104], Simonkai (1886) [284], Beldie (1952) [12]); Ciortea Peak (Lit.: Fuss (1866) [104], Simonkai (1886) [284], Beldie (1952) [12]; Herb. SIB: Herb. M. Fuss); Tunsu Peak (Lit.: Fronius (1856) [98], Schur (1866) [276], Fuss (1866) [104], Beldie (1952) [12]); Negoiu Peak (Lit.: Grecescu (1909) [111], Beldie (1952) [12]); Laița Peak (Lit.: Sanda et al. (2005) [261]; Herb. PLHM: Pușcaru-Soroceanu, 1956; Pușcaru-Soroceanu, 1958); Jgheabul Văros Peak (Herb. SIB: Herb. K. Ungar); Doamnei Valley, ca m (Herb. BUCM: Negrean, 1983; Herb. CL: Nyárády, 1927, CL ; Csűrös, 1947, CL ); Doamnei lake (Lit.: Negrean & Drăgulescu (2005) [190]); Paltinu Peak (Lit.: Drăgulescu (2000, 2010) [85, 88]; Herb. SIB: Herb. I. Pop); Bâlea glacial cirque (Lit.: Nyárády (1967) [205], Drăgulescu (2000, 2010) [85, 88]; Herb. SIB: Herb. E.I. Nyárády); Vânătarea (Vânătoarea lui Buteanu) Peak (Lit.: Sanda et al. (2005) [261]; Herb. PLHM: Pușcaru-Soroceanu, 1937); Netedu Peak (Lit.: Sanda et al. (2005) [261]; Herb. PLHM: Pușcaru-Soroceanu, 1938; Pușcaru-Soroceanu, 1955; Pușcaru-Soroceanu, 1958); Arpaș Mts. (Lit.: Fuss (1866) [104], Schur (1866) [276], Beldie (1952) [12]); Râiosu Mt. (Herb. CL: Csűrös, 1947, CL ); Arpașul Mare Peak (Vârtopu Peak) (Herb. BP: Simonkai, 1883, BP ); Podrăgel glacial cirque (Herb. BP: Simonkai, 1883, BP ; Herb. BVS: Danciu, 1967); Podrăgel Peak (Herb. SIB: Herb. K. Ungar) Newly recorded distribution records of S. hastata in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 35B) We found the species in a single site across the Făgăraș Mts., occurring on screes in the Piatra Caprei limestone cliffs. Chorological synthesis: Piatra Caprei [Hurdu B.-I. & Szatmari P.M., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m, CL ]. Fig. 35: Salix hastata. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis).

58 134 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA Saponaria pumila Janch. [= Saponaria pumilio (L.) A. Braun; Silene pumilio (L.) Wulfen] S. pumila is a European endemic with a disjunct distribution in the Alps [1, 222] and the Carpathians [262] Distribution of S. pumila in the Carpathians The species occurs only in the SE part of the Carpathians (Fig. 36A), with no records from the WC. The Carpathian populations are found at the eastern limit of the species areal. The first mentions of S. pumila from the SEC came in the 19 th century, when Baumgarten (1816) [9] reported the species from the Făgăraș Mts. occurring on the Piszku-Szumnuluj (= Piscul Somnului) peak. Later, the species was reported by U. Hoffmann (1862) [122] from the Iezer- Păpuşa Mts. and by Schur (LW ) from the Bucegi Mts. S. pumila was also mentioned from the Lotrului and Godeanu Mts. [262], and from the Bârsei Mts. [46]. S. pumila is a rare (R) species in the SEC, being included in the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208] Previously known distribution of S. pumila in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 36B) Chorological synthesis: Făgăraș Mts. (Herb. CL: Csató, 1892, CL ); Suru Peak, southern slope (Lit.: Soó (1920) [286]); Suru Peak (Herb. CL: Baumgarten, 1827, CL 2122; CL 2124); Ciortea Peak (Herb. CLA: Buia, 1941); between Ciortea and Budislavu (Racovițan) Peak, near Avrig lake, ca m (Lit.: Sanda & Fișteag (1992) [262]; Herb. CL: Buia, 1941, CL 1875; Herb. SIB: Herbarul J. Bielz, E. Krauss, G. Hergotta, V. Klotz); Scara Peak (Herb. SIB: Herb. Fr. Gündisch); Muchia Şerbotei ridge (Lit.: Pușcaru-Soroceanu & Pușcaru (1971) [241]); Vânătarea (Vânătoarea) lui Buteanu Peak (Lit.: Prodan (1939) [237]); Tărâța Peak (Lit.: Fuss (1866) [104], Simonkai (1886) [284], Soó (1920) [286]); Cheia Bândei Peak (Herb. BVS: Römer, 1882); Urlea lake (Herb. CL: Petrindeanu, 1961, CL 1874); Caţavei Peak (Lit.: Soó (1920) [286]); Urlea Peak (Herb. BUCA: Wallfisch, 1954; Herb. CL: Vicol, 1961, CL ; Vicol, 1961); Piscul Somnului Peak (Lit.: Nyárády (1942) [193]); Herb. CL: Baumgarten, 1827, CL 2124; CL 2122); Zârna Peak, ca m (Lit.: Nyárády (1942) [193]; Herb. CL: Ghiuţă, Ghişa & Nyárády, 1939, CL ) Newly recorded distribution records of S. pumila in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 36B) We found a few populations of S. pumila in the eastern and western parts of the Făgăraş Mts. In the eastern part (the Hârtopul Darei and Dara peaks), the species grows on siliceous bedrock, together with Loiseleuria procumbens, Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex curvula, Campanula alpina, Primula minima, Juncus trifidus, Agrostis rupestris, Hieracium alpinum, Ligusticum mutellina, Pulsatilla alba, etc. Chorological synthesis: below Portiţa Avrigului [Bartók A., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Urlea Saddle [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m; Curmătura Moşului [Bartók A. & Bartók S., ; , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Dara Peak [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m]; Hârtopul Darei Peak [Bartók A. & Bartók S., , coord.: lat. (N ), long. (E ), alt m].

59 NEW RECORDS FOR THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN FLORA OF THE FĂGĂRAŞ MTS Fig. 36: Saponaria pumila. A. Distribution in the South-Eastern Carpathians; darker areas represent OGUs where the species occurs (hachured area indicates the Făgăraș Mts.); for more information on the OGUs, see M&M section. B. Distribution in the Făgăraș Mts. White dots previously known distribution. Black dots newly reported distribution. For details, see text (chorological synthesis) Saussurea alpina (L.) DC. [= Serratula alpina L.; Saussurea macrophylla Saut.; Saussurea pohlei Gand.; Saussurea pujolica Costa; Bennettia alpina (L.) Gray; Staehelina alpina (L.) Schrank; Serratula alpina L., Cirsium alpinum (L.) All.; Heterotrichum alpinum (L.) Link] S. alpina is an arctic-alpine plant, commonly distributed from the European Arctic to Siberia, reaching south to the mountains of Central and Southern Europe [307]. It is growing in the arctic-alpine grasslands and dwarf shrub heaths of windward ridges and edges, on neutral and moderately basic soils, included in Carici rupestris-kobresietea bellardii or Oxytropido- Elynion [281] Distribution of S. alpina in the Carpathians In the WC, the species occurs in scattered localities in the Tatry Mts. and more rarely in the Nízke Tatry Mts., on siliceous (but nutrient-enriched) bedrock, in subalpine and alpine belts. In the Ukrainian part of the EC, S. alpina was reported from the Chorhohora (peaks and slopes of Petros, Shpytsi, Gutyn-Tomnatyk, and Brebeneskul Mts.) and Svydovets Mts. (Komyn Mt.), in the subalpine and alpine belts ( m a.s.l) [39, , 224]. In the Romanian SEC, the species was cited from the Rodna, Hășmaș [203], Bucegi [15], Făgăraș [88], Buila- Vânturarița [235], Țarcu Mts. [25], and Parâng Mts. [31] (Fig. 38A). S. alpina is evaluated as rare (R) in the SEC, being included in both the Red List of vascular plants from Romania [208] and the Ukrainian Red Book [155] Previously known distribution of S. alpina in the Făgăraş Mts. (Fig. 38B) Chorological synthesis: Doamnei Valley, ca m (Lit.: Nyárády (1940, 1964) [199, 203]; Herb. CL: Nyárády, 1927, CL ; CL ; Buia, 1939, CL 4975); Bâlea glacial cirque (Lit.: Prodan (1939) [237], Nyárády (1940, 1964) [199, 203], Drăgulescu (2000, 2010) [85, 88]; Herb. SIB: Herb. E.I. Nyárády); Bâlea ridge (Lit.: Pușcaru-Soroceanu & Pușcaru (1971) [241], Drăgulescu (2000) [85]); Vânătarea (Vânătoarea) lui Buteanu Peak (Lit.: Nyárády (1967) [205], Drăgulescu (2000) [85]; Herb. CL: E.I. Nyárády, 1930, CL ; CL ); Râiosu-Buda Mts. (Lit.: Pușcaru-Soroceanu & Pușcaru (1971) [241], Pușcaru-Soroceanu et al. (1981) [242]).

60 136 A. BARTÓK, B.I. HURDU, P.M. SZATMARI, M. RONIKIER, M. PUŞCAŞ, A. NOVIKOFF, L. BARTHA, G. VONICA Fig. 37: Rare subalpine and alpine taxa from the siliceous rocky habitats of the Făgăraș Mts. A. Saponaria pumila, from the cliffs below Curmătura Moșului, Urlea region (photo credit: A. Bartók, ) and A1. Flower detail of S. pumila, from the cliffs below Portița Avrigului (photo credit: A. Bartók, ); B. Callianthemum coriandrifolium, from the enriched siliceous habitats of the Văiuga Peak, above the Bâlea Lake (photo credit: A. Bartók, ); C. Saxifraga retusa subsp. retusa (C1. Detail of leafs), from the cliffs of the Urlea Peak (photo credit: B.-I. Hurdu, ); D. Arabidopsis neglecta, a Pan-Carpathian endemic from the rocky habitats of Strunga Moldoveanului (photo credit: B.-I. Hurdu, ); E. Jacobaea incana subsp. carniolica, from the cliffs of the Ciortea Peak (photo credit: A. Bartók, ); F. Typical siliceous rocky habitats from the Ciortea Peak (photo credit: A. Bartók, ).