Preventing Kitchen Accidents

Transcription

1 Chapter Overview Introduce the Chapter In this chapter, students learn how good safety habits can prevent kitchen accidents. Students examine how to prevent fires and burns, explore safety precautions to make kitchens safe for children and people with physical challenges, and learn how to respond to kitchen emergencies. uild ackground Ask students to name major and minor accidents that have occurred in their home kitchens. Ask students: What could they have done to prevent these accidents? Preventing Kitchen Accidents Activate Prior Knowledge Explore the Photo Caption Answer Answers will vary but should cite some of the following: sharp edges on cutting tools, heat and flame, electrical appliances, and household chemicals. Discussion Point out to students that the main causes of kitchen accidents are falls, cuts, burns, electrical problems, and hazardous chemicals. Ask students: What can you do to avoid kitchen mishaps? (Answers may include: Take preventative measures, such as identifying potential hazards and following basic safety guidelines.) Writing Activity Descriptive Paragraph AKitchen Mishap Have you ever had an accident in the kitchen? Chances are, you have broken a dish or glass, cut or burned yourself, let food overcook or boil over, or even experienced a small fire! Perhaps you have choked while eating, or touched a hot outdoor grill. Write a descriptive paragraph about one kitchen accident you have had. Writing Tips Follow these steps to write a descriptive paragraph: Use adjectives and details to make paragraphs descriptive. Try to make the reader visualize what happened. Think about how things look, smell, feel, taste, and sound. Activate Prior Knowledge Explore the Photo Safety habits can help to prevent accidents in the kitchen. What health hazards exist in the kitchen? Writing Activity Autobiographical 302 Paragraph This activity prompts students to describe a kitchen accident they had. Encourage students to share their responses with the class. Descriptive paragraphs should be focused on only one accident. Encourage students to consider the five senses when writing. 302 Unit 5 Kitchen asics ASSROOM Print Resources Student Edition Teacher Wraparound Edition Student Activity Workbook Student Activity Workbook Teacher Annotated Edition Solutions Technology Resources Presentation Plus! provides visual teaching aids for every section. Online Learning Center includes resources and activities for students and teachers. TeacherWorks Plus is an electronic lesson planner that provides instant access to complete teacher resources in one convenient package. 302

2 D Reading Guide efore You Read Preview Make a list of three kitchen safety hazards. Write a way to prevent each hazard. As you read, see if your suggestions for prevention are correct. Read to Learn Key Concepts List six ways to prevent accidents in the kitchen. Explain why keeping a kitchen clean can prevent a kitchen fire. List five things to remember when using household chemicals. Explain why it is important to follow safety guidelines when cooking outdoors. Summarize five precautions to make kitchens safe for children. Describe two first aid procedures you should know to prepare you to respond to kitchen emergencies. Main Idea Good safety habits can prevent accidents and protect you against a variety of hazards in the kitchen. Content Vocabulary You will find definitions for these words in the glossary at the back of this book. polarized plug Heimlich maneuver carbon monoxide cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) Graphic Organizer Go to this book s Online Learning Center at glencoe.com to print out this graphic organizer. Academic Standards Academic Vocabulary You will find these words in your reading and on your tests. Use about how science and technology have transformed the connects the glossary to look up their definitions if necessary. academic correlations physical world and human inspect vulnerable to book content. society. Graphic Organizer Use a graphic organizer like the one below to note six ways to prevent accidents in the kitchen. Reading Guide Prevent Kitchen Accidents efore You Read Point out to students that most kitchen accidents that arise from food preparation can be prevented by following basic guidelines for kitchen safety. English Language Arts CTE 5 Use different writing process elements to communicate effectively. Mathematics CTM Data Analysis and Probability Formulate questions that can be addressed with data and collect, organize, and display relevant data to answer them. Science SES Develop an understanding of interactions of energy and matter. SES C Develop an understanding of chemical reactions. Social Studies CSS VIII A Make judgments CTE ational Council of Teachers of English CTM ational Council of Teachers of Mathematics SES ational Science Education Standards CSS ational Council for the Social Studies Chapter 20 Preventing Kitchen Accidents 303 D Develop Concepts Main Idea Discuss the main idea with the students. Ask students: Do you think keeping a kitchen clean can help to prevent kitchen accidents? Explain. (Answers may include: A clean kitchen can help to prevent slips and falls, prevent kitchen fires, and prevent injury from tools or appliances that have been left soaking in the sink.) Preteaching Vocabulary Read the definitions of the vocabulary aloud. Have students use at least four of the content and academic vocabulary terms in a short essay about kitchen safety. Graphic Organizer The graphic organizer is also on the TeacherWorks CD. (The main box of the tree diagram should contain the phrase: Prevent Kitchen Accidents. Each of the six smaller boxes should contain one of the following: focus on what you are doing; dress for safety; use all tools and equipment safely and use the right tool for the job; close drawers and doors completely; store large pots and other heavy items that could fall on low shelves; and control clutter.) FOCUS ell Ringer Activity Danger Zone Ask students to brainstorm safe and unsafe kitchen work habits. Then ask students: Why are kitchens such likely places for accidents? Why is it important to identify potential hazards? Remind students that there are many hazardous tools and appliances in the kitchen, such as cutting tools with sharp edges, heat and flame, and electrical appliances, that make the kitchen a likely place for accidents. connects academic correlations to book content. 303

3 TEACH Discussion Starter Accident-Proof Kitchen Ask students: What can you do to ensure that your kitchen is accident-proof? Ask students to complete the following sentence: The best way to keep your kitchen safe is to. Explain. (Students may say it is important to recognize potential hazards and follow basic safety guidelines.) U Universal Access Visual Learners Safety Poster To help visual learners gain a better overall grasp of kitchen safety, have students create posters that show potential hazards. Provide students with a list of possible kitchen hazards, such as a low-hanging lamp, a coffee pot next to the sink, spilled water on the floor, open cabinet doors, people being inattentive in the kitchen, people not dressing for safety, people using the wrong tool for a job (like a knife to open a can), heavy pots stored in high places, and a cluttered kitchen or workspace. Have students choose one or more items from the list and complete the poster. Later, you can post all of the posters in the lab as reminders to practice kitchen safety. ELL Kitchen Safety asics Kitchens are full of hazards that can cause accidents: slippery surfaces, sharp edges, electrical appliances, heat and flame, and household chemicals, to name a few. These six safety habits can help protect you against these hazards. Focus on what you are doing, especially when cutting, cooking, or using appliances. Dress for safety. Wear short or snug sleeves and tie back long hair and apron U strings. This prevents loose items from tangling in appliances or catching fire. Use all tools and equipment safely and use the right tool for the job. For example, use a can opener to open a can never pry it open with a knife. Close drawers and doors completely to avoid bumps, bruises, and cuts. Store large pots and other heavy or bulky items that could fall on low shelves, within easy reach. Control clutter. Put items back where they belong as soon as you finish using them.! Safety Matters Dull, ut Dangerous Imagine you are teaching a group of young students how to safely cut vegetables. To keep them from cutting themselves, would you provide them with dull knives? Actually, a dull knife is more dangerous than a sharp knife. Why? You have to use more force to cut with a dull knife, which makes it more likely to slip. A dull knife applied to the skin with great force can do harm. A sharp blade, in contrast, cuts with less effort, and is less likely to slip. Keep knives sharp by using a sharpening stone or by having them professionally sharpened. A sharpening steel keeps a blade straight.! What Would You Do? In your foods lab, you notice one of your peers trying to forcefully cut a tomato with a dull knife. Gee, she says, this knife works slowly, but at least I won t cut myself. What would you do? Preventing Falls Falls are a common cause of household injuries. Prevent falls by removing hazards that could cause slips and trips. Wear snug shoes without trailing shoelaces, and choose pants or skirts that are not so long as to cause tripping. Keep the floor clear of clutter. Wipe up spills and spatters right away. If you spray oil on baking pans, hold the pan over the sink. Otherwise, oil can create slick spots on the floor or the stovetop. Secure slippery throw rugs with tacking or tape or replace them with non-skid mats. Repair damaged or worn flooring. Use a sturdy stepstool to reach higher shelves rather than a chair, box, or stool, which may tip over. Handling Sharp Edges Sharp edges in the kitchen can cause serious cuts. Handle and wash knives, graters, and other sharp-edged tools carefully. Knife Safety Knives can cause serious cuts, so manage them with care. Store knives in a divided drawer, knife block, or knife rack so that you can pick them up by the handle, not the blade. Learn when and how to use different types of knives, so that you use the right knife for the task. Always use a cutting board when cutting. Take extra care when cleaning knives, as well as other tools with sharp edges. Do not soak them in a sink or dishpan, where suds or other dishes can hide them from view. Dry knives by wiping them carefully, with the blade pointed away from you. Sharp Edges Graters, peelers, chopping tools, mixers, and can lids also have sharp edges and require caution. Keep fingers away from rough surfaces, slicing edges, and rotating beaters. Keep tools away from mixers and blenders when they are switched on. If a cake recipe says Scrape the bowl while beating, for example, stop the mixer before using the scraper. If a sharp-edged tool starts to fall, resist the impulse to catch it. Step back and pick it up when it comes to a complete rest. U R 304 Unit 5 Kitchen asics R Reading Strategy Teach Knife Safety Have students make a graphic organizer outlining the proper ways to handle knives and how to prevent cuts. (Students should include: store knives in a divided drawer, knife block, or knife rack; learn when and how to use the right knife for the task; alwas use a cutting board when cutting; take extra care when cleaning knives; and dry knives by wiping carefully, with the blade pointed away from you.) Answer Answers could include: stop the student from using the knife; sharpen the knife if a sharpener is available; replace the dull knife with a sharper one; or explain that dull knives are more dangerous than sharp ones because they can slip. 304

4 roken glasses and dishes also have dangerously sharp edges. Sweep up broken items right away with a broom or a whisk broom and dustpan. If you need to pick up very small pieces by hand, use a wet paper towel instead of your bare fingers. Seal broken bits or pieces in a bag and place it in the waste-basket. Take out the trash as soon as possible. Identify Where, besides knives, can you encounter sharp edges in the kitchen? Preventing Fires and urns There are many sources of heat and flame in a kitchen, including the stovetop, range, microwave, and toaster. Help prevent fires and burns by keeping the kitchen clean. Regular, thorough cleaning prevents grease and bits of food from building up in burners, ovens, range hoods, and toasters, where they can catch fire. Use cookware that is in good condition. A glass baking dish with a hairline crack can fracture. Inspect, or carefully examine, pots, pans, and dishes before each use to make sure they are safe. Sharp Edges If you break a glass, carefully sweep up all the pieces using a broom, never your bare hands. What is a safe way to pick up fine particles of broken glass? Cooktop Safety On a cooktop, pots and pans can get hotter than the food inside. Handle cookware with dry potholders or oven mitts. Wet potholders are not effective, because water carries heat. When cooking, turn the handles of pans toward the back or center of the range top so that they are less likely to be jostled and knocked over. To remove a lid from a pot or the top from a microwave container, lift the far edge first so the steam rises away from you. Steam can deliver a worse burn than hot metal or boiling water. Make sure that burners are turned off before you reach over them. Keep flammable items such as curtains, kitchen linens, paper goods, aerosol cans, and potholders away from heat and flame. Use only heatproof utensils when cooking. Regular plastics are flammable and give off poisonous fumes when they burn. Oven Safety How hot is a hot oven? Water as hot as 130 F can burn your skin, yet oven temperatures of 325 F and above are common. Several strategies can help you avoid contact with the high temperatures of an oven: Arrange oven racks as you want them before you turn on the oven, not when the oven is already hot. Stand to one side when you open a hot oven. This protects you from the heat that rushes out. Use a sturdy potholder or oven mitt to remove a pan from a hot oven. Pull the oven rack forward a little first, then grab and lift the pan. Turn the oven and broiler off right after using them. Clean up spills and crumbs inside the oven after the oven has cooled. Chapter 20 Preventing Kitchen Accidents 305 W TEACH cont. W Writing Support Descriptive Paragraph Cooktop and Oven Safety Ask students: Have you ever had an accident involving the cooktop or oven? Tell students: that they have likely had some experience using a cooktop and oven, even if they have not had an accident while using them. Perhaps they have fried or scrambled an an egg, or baked chocolate chip cookies. Have students write a descriptive paragraph about cooktop and oven safety that identifies all of the safety hazards that are present when using these appliances in the kitchen. (For tips on writing a descriptive paragraph, see page 302. Paragraphs will vary but should be focused on cooktop and oven safety. Encourage students to pay attention to details, to employ adjectives when appropriate, and to consider the five senses when writing. Ask volunteers to share their paragraphs with the class.) Mini Clip Reading: English Language Success Ruben Zepeda, EdD, discusses the role of classroom management in the success of English learners. Identify Sharp edges are found on graters, peelers, chopping tools, mixers, can lids, and broken glasses and dishes. Explore the Photo Caption Answer Use a wet paper towel instead of your bare fingers. Discussion Ask students: Why should you avoid putting knives in the sink? What might be a better way to clean knives? (Answers will vary but may include that suds or other dishes can hide them from view and could lead to cuts. Wash knives separately to avoid cuts.) 305

5 TEACH cont. Protect Yourself Oven mitts protect your hands and lower arms from burns when you reach into a hot oven. What is the correct way to remove a pan from the oven? S Skill Practice Guided Practice Identify In one sentence, have students identify one method for handling kitchen fires and explain why quick action is important if a fire starts in the kitchen. (Responses may include: Turn off the burner if a fire is on the cooktop. Quick action is important to keep a fire from getting out of hand.) L1 ELL Explain Have students identify four strategies for handling kitchen fires and explain why you should never use baking powder or flour on a kitchen fire. (Answers may include: do turn off the burner if the fire is on the cooktop; do unplug the cord if the fire is in an electrical appliance; do turn off the heat if the fire is in the oven, and keep the oven door closed until the fire dies out; and do smother flames on clothes: stop, drop, and roll. ever use baking powder or flour on a fire because they can explode.) L2 Apply Have students write a paragraph in which they describe the Dos and Don ts of handling a kitchen fire and explain what to do if you cannot put out a kitchen fire. (Paragraphs should illustrate the Dos and Don ts of how to handle a kitchen fire and explain that students should alert others, leave the building, and call the fire department if a fire cannot be put out quickly.) L3 Gas Safety Gas ranges carry risks from the gas as well as the heat and flame. If you smell gas, check to see whether any pilot lights have gone out. If so, light a match first; then turn on the burner and light it. If you turn on the burner first, gas will accumulate and could explode when you strike the match. If all the pilot lights are on, turn off all range controls and open the windows for ventilation. Do not try to find the source of the gas leak yourself. Alert others and go outside immediately. Call the gas company from another location. 306 Unit 5 Kitchen asics Fighting Flames To start and survive, a fire requires three elements: fuel, heat, and an oxidizing agent usually oxygen. Removing any one of these elements can extinguish a fire. Procedure Conduct research about extinguishing fires. Firefighters remove the fuel that would start wildfires through controlled burning. They remove the heat from some types of fires with water. They can remove oxygen using the aqueous foam found in fire extinguishers. Analysis In a kitchen fire, you can smother flames with a lid, pan, salt, or baking soda. Why is this method effective? SES C Develop an understanding of chemical reactions. If a Fire Starts Catching a fire early saves lives and property. Install smoke detectors. Test them every six months and check inside for cobwebs. Learn how to use a fire extinguisher and read its label. Keep the extinguisher handy in the kitchen. Quick action can also keep a fire from getting out of hand. If a fire starts in the kitchen: Do turn off the burner if the fire is on the cooktop. Do unplug the cord if the fire is in an electric skillet, a toaster, or another electrical appliance. Do turn off the heat if the fire is in the oven. Keep the oven door closed until the fire dies out. Do smother the fire with a lid, with another pan, or with salt or baking soda. Do smother flames on clothes: stop, drop, and roll. Do use a fire extinguisher, if you know how to do so. Do not use baking powder or flour on a fire, because they can explode. Do not use water on a kitchen fire. Water makes grease spatter, which spreads the flames and can inflict a severe burn. Do not carry a burning pan to the sink or outside, because you could hurt yourself and start a bigger fire when air fans the flames. If you cannot put a fire out quickly, alert others and leave the building at once. Call the fire department from another location. Explain Can steam burn worse than hot metal or boiling water? S 306 activity correlated to Science Standards. Explain Yes, steam can burn more severely then hot metal or boiling water. Explore the Photo Caption Answer First, stand to one side as you open the oven. Pull the oven rack forward a little first so you do not have to reach in too far, and then grab and lift the pan with oven mitts. Discussion Ask students: What is the correct way to lift a lid from a pot or the top of a microwaveable container? (Lift the far edge first so the steam rises away from you and will not burn you.) Answer Covering the flames with a lid, pan, salt, or baking soda prevents them from accessing oxygen one of the three elements fire needs to survive.

6 Handling Electricity and Chemicals Electrical appliances and household chemicals are big helpers in the kitchen, but they can cause burns, shocks, and other injuries. Handling cords, appliances, and chemicals carefully can prevent injuries. Cord Safety Check cords for damage before each use. An exposed wire could catch fire or shock you. Keep cords away from hot surfaces. Keep cords tidy so that they do not get snagged and pull an appliance down. Do not staple or nail cords in place. To disconnect an appliance, grasp the plug at the electrical outlet rather than tugging on the cord. Limit the number of cords in an electrical outlet. An overloaded circuit can start a fire. If you need an extension cord, choose a heavy-duty cord or surge protector designed for appliances. ewer appliances have polarized plugs. A polarized plug is a plug that has one blade wider than the other. Polarized plugs reduce the risk of shock if used with a polarized outlet. Do not try to fit a polarized plug into a non-polarized outlet. uy an adapter at a hardware store or supermarket. Appliance Safety Read the owner s manual carefully before using any electrical appliance. Turn off small appliances as soon as you are finished with them. ever put your fingers or a kitchen tool inside an appliance that is plugged in. You may get a painful shock, and you can seriously hurt yourself if you accidentally turn on the appliance. Unplug a mixer before removing the beaters, for example. Unplug an appliance immediately if it starts to overheat or gives a shock. Have it repaired before using it again. Water conducts electricity, so appliances and water can be a deadly mix. ever use an electric appliance with wet hands or while standing on a wet floor. Do not run a cord around the sink. If an electric appliance falls into water or gets wet, unplug it immediately before touching it. Check the owner s manual to see how to clean an appliance. If an owner s manual recommends cleaning the appliance with a wet cloth, unplug the appliance first. Household Chemical Safety Many household chemicals are hazardous to your health. Cleaners, lighter fluid, drain cleaners, and pesticides can harm eyes, lungs, and skin. Less toxic substitutes are often just as effective. aking soda and boiling water dissolve some sink clogs. orax sprinkled outside the door discourages ants. Diluted vinegar cleans glass. Here are five things to remember when using household chemicals: 1. Read the label before buying. Read the instructions carefully. Know the potential hazards. W TEACH cont. W Writing Support Summary Chemical Safety Information Explain to students that the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) s Right to Know law requires employers in professional kitchens to set up programs to inform employees about the health effects of chemicals and how to prevent harmful exposure. Have students use the Internet and print resources to find a Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) listing information on a kitchen cleaning chemical, and write a short summary of the information they find on the sheet. (Information from the MSDS should include chemical structure information, how to use the product safely, protective clothing needed, and what to do if exposed improperly to the chemical.) Fire Extinguishers Letters and drawings on fire extinguishers show how to use them. This extinguisher works on ordinary combustibles like wood and paper (A), flammable liquids like grease (), and electrical fires (C). Why should you not use water to put out a grease fire? Chapter 20 Preventing Kitchen Accidents 307 Explore the Photo Caption Answer Water makes grease spatter, which spreads the flames and can inflict a severe burn. Discussion Ask students: What is the appropriate action to take in the event of a grease fire? (If you have a grease fire, immediately smother the fire with a lid. If the fire does not go out, smother the fire with salt, baking soda, sand, or a fire extinguisher. ever use baking powder or flour, because they can explode.) 307

7 TEACH C Critical Thinking Grilling Safely Ask students: What specific steps would you take and what tools would you use to maintain kitchen safety while cooking with a charcoal grill? (Potential risks may include: baked-on food and grease can cause flames to flare up, causing burns or fire; setting a grill on a surface that is not level can cause it to tip over, causing burns and fire; and adding fluid to lighted coals could trigger an explosion, causing burns and fire. Suggestions for safety may include: start with a clean grill to avoid flare-ups; set the grill on a level, paved surface so it will not tip over; and apply starter fluid before lighting a grill to avoid an explosion.) ASSESS cont. Quiz Ask students to answer the following questions: 1. What is a polarized plug? (A polarized plug is an appliance that has one blade wider than the other, which helps to reduce the risk of shock if used with a polarized outlet.) 2. How can keeping a kitchen clean help to prevent fires? (Regular, thorough cleaning prevents grease and bits of food from building up in burners, ovens, range hoods, and toasters, where they can can catch fire.) 3. What should not be used to put out a kitchen fire? (water, baking powder, flour) Explain Water conducts electricity, so water and appliances can be a deadly mix. W 2. Keep hazardous products in their original containers so you can refer to the directions each time you use them. 3. Follow all directions for proper ventilation and protection for people and pets. Consult the label for first aid steps if someone accidentally swallows or inhales a chemical. 4. ever mix household chemicals, such as bleaches, chlorine, ammonia, toilet bowl cleaners, or rust removers. Chemicals in the mixtures may interact and release poisonous gases. 5. Make sure the nozzle is pointed away from people and pets when using a spray bottle. Store hazardous chemicals away from food. Store flammable products, including kerosene, lighter fluid, and aerosol sprays, away from all sources of heat. In households with children, all hazardous household chemicals belong in a locked cabinet. ever throw unused chemicals in the trash or pour them down the drain. Take them to a nearby household hazardous waste collection center. Explain Why don t water and appliances mix? A Childproof Kitchen Watchful adults can buy a variety of protective gadgets to help keep children safe in the kitchen. A clear plastic stove guard attaches to the edge of the cooktop, angling up and outward, to block burners from a child s reach. Rounded plastic covers fit over knobs to make them harder for small hands to grip. A two-piece freezer lock can secure refrigerators and freezers. Magnetic locks seal cabinet doors from inside and can be opened by holding a magnetic key to the outside of the door. one of these products, however, is a substitute for adult supervision when children are in the kitchen. Challenge Use the Internet to find a device that prevents children from tampering with dishwashers, which may be full of sharp utensils. Write a summary of the options and costs. 308 Unit 5 Kitchen asics Answer Answers will vary depending on which devices students find. Answers should note prices and potential effectiveness of various devices. Cooking Outdoors Safely urning coals can generate temperatures up to 1,000 F. urning charcoal also gives off large amounts of carbon monoxide, an odorless, highly poisonous gas. Follow these safety guidelines to help you grill food safely: Start with a clean grill. aked-on food and grease can cause flames to flare up when you light the charcoal. Clean the grill with a hard-bristle brush after each use. Wipe and wash the grate in hot, soapy water. Set the grill on a level, paved surface where it will not tip over. Keep the grill away from buildings, shrubs, trash containers, and anything else that could catch fire. Keep a fire extinguisher handy. ever use a charcoal grill or hibachi inside the home or garage. Carbon monoxide can build up in an enclosed area, causing drowsiness, headaches, nausea, and even death. If you use starter fluid or fuel, apply enough before striking the match. Adding fluid to lighted coals could trigger an explosion. Use fireproof gloves and heavy-duty grilling tools with long handles that let you reach food while staying a safe distance from the heat. Extinguish a flare-up by raising the grate off the grill, covering the grill, or spreading the coals with a long-handled tool. You can also use a pump-spray bottle filled with water to mist the flare-up. Do not pour water directly on burning charcoal, because this creates a dangerous cloud of steam. Let the coals burn down to ashes when you are finished grilling. Douse the ashes with water and put them in a metal trash can. Do not dump hot coals or ashes on the ground. They can burn grass and people and may even start a fire. List List the tools and supplies you need to safely grill outdoors. List Tools and supplies needed to safely grill outdoors are a hard-bristle brush to clean the grill, a fire extinguisher, fireproof gloves, and heavy-duty grilling tools with long handles. C 308

8 U Protecting Family Members Kitchen safety protects the entire household. However, more vulnerable members of the family, such as children and people with physical impairments, need extra protection. Vulnerable means susceptible to harm. Five Precautions to Protect Children Children can enjoy and learn from their time in the kitchen when you take a few simple precautions: ever leave young children alone in the kitchen, even for a few seconds. Protect toddlers by using safety latches on drawers and cabinet doors. Teach children to stay away from heat sources such as the oven, range, and toaster. If children want to help you work, set up a child-size table or a safe stepstool. Provide small utensils that children can handle for simple tasks, such as mixing and mashing. Do not let young children use knives or work near heat sources. Supervise them at all times. Model safe work habits. Teach by example. People with Physical Challenges Simple changes in tools and workspaces can make it easier for people with physical challenges such as limited eyesight or arthritis to use the kitchen safely. These steps can help everyone in the family stay safe in the kitchen: Add more or better lighting. Use unbreakable dishes and glassware and heatproof utensils. Store frequently used tools and foods in easy-to-reach places. Keep a magnifying glass in the kitchen for reading small print. Re-label items in larger letters with stick-on labels and a marking pen. Frequently Used Tools Keeping kitchen tools within reach can make kitchen work more comfortable. What object can you place under a cutting board or mixing bowl to keep it more stable during use? uy round rubber jar openers for gripping appliance knobs. Put mixing bowls on a damp dishcloth or on a round, rubber jar opener to keep them on the countertop during mixing. Explain Why might a magnifying glass be useful in a kitchen? Handling Emergencies You cannot prevent every kitchen accident but you can be prepared. Keep emergency numbers next to the phone. Keep a well-stocked first-aid kit in a handy location. Learn to use a fire extinguisher and keep one ready in the kitchen. Have the fire extinguisher tested each year and recharged when necessary. Chapter 20 Preventing Kitchen Accidents 309 U RETEACH U Universal Access Visual/Verbal Learners Create a Presentation Ask students to imagine that they work for a local recreation center and have been asked to deliver a presentation about kitchen safety measures for children and people with physical challenges. Ask students to create a brief presentation using presentation software. Students should cover the following topics: Why are children and people with physical challenges more vulnerable to kitchen hazards? What safety measures can you take to protect children in the kitchen? What changes in tools and workspaces can make the kitchen easier to use for people with physical challenges? How can these changes help everyone in the family stay safe? (Presentations will vary but should be brief, should address the above questions, and should be well organized. Have students share their presentations with the class.) Mini Clip Reading: Student Involvement Students work in small groups to choose objects that represent them first as people and then as part of a group. Explore the Photo Answer a damp dishcloth Discussion Point out to students that universal kitchen design focuses on ensuring that anyone will be able to comfortably and safely use tools and workspaces in the kitchen. Ask students: How might universal design make it easier for the elderly to use the kitchen? (Answers will vary but may include: new magnetic touch-and-release cabinet doors can make accessing cupboards easier for elderly people with arthritis.) Explain A magnifying glass can be useful for reading small print on food labels. 309

9 Study Tools Have students go to the Online Learning Center at glencoe.com: Take the Practice Test. Download Study-to-Go content. Use the Student Activity Workbook for additional practice. Create a First-Aid Kit Ask students to brainstorm what should be included in a firstaid kit for the kitchen. Divide the class into five or six groups and have groups make a list of the items necessary for their first aid kits. ASSESS CH01_ indd Page 1 11/7/08 1:13:37 AMu-s009 /Volumes/114/GC00084/Food_For_Toda ame Date Class Chapter 1 The Amazing World of Food Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. ote Taking Directions As you read, write notes, facts, and main ideas in the ote Taking column. Write key words and short phrases in the Cues column. Then summarize the section in the Summary box. Cues nutrients are chemical substances nutrition is the study of nutrients wellness, good health and positive well-being science in the kitchen science s influence on agriculture, food processing and food safety connecting through food comfort food stress hormones that are released in the body food as fun testing the palate skill-building and self-esteem critical thinking verbal and nonverbal communication leadership in the field of nutrition handling resources wisely THE POWER OF FOOD ote Taking Food is essential to survival and helps physical, mental and emotional health. Food is made of life-sustaining nutrients. Good nutrition happens when food choices include nutrients necessary for good health. THE ROLE OF SCIECE I FOOD Science helps in understanding the body s use of food. Science provides proof to support making healthy food choices and ensures the health of our food supply. THE PLEASURES OF FOOD Food provides time for family and friends to strengthen bonds. Food provides comfort and makes people feel good. Food enhances social experiences. Food supplies adventure through experimenting with different tastes and cultures. Food preparation can help you express creativity. Food provides careers for people in science, art, and agriculture. SKILLS YOU WILL UILD WHILE LEARIG AOUT FOOD Improving food preparation skills and building teams may help self-esteem. Summary Food holds a great deal of power in its ability to sustain a healthy life though its chemical properties and nutrition. OSE uilding critical thinking skills will help you resist negative food choices. Working in food labs builds communication skills. Learning about nutrition may improve leadership skills. Studying food helps build skills such as time management, budgeting, meal planning, and organization. It also provides pleasure and improves life skills. Science plays an important role in helping us understand all of food s properties. Chapter 1 Student Activity Workbook 1 Activity correlated to Social Studies standards. Chapter 1 Take a first-aid training class from the American Red Cross or another organization, such as your local fire department. Learn these two important first-aid measures: The Heimlich Maneuver The Heimlich maneuver is a way to dislodge an object from the throat of a person who is choking by using a series of upward thrusts on the abdomen. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) (+k&r-d#-%-=p lm`-+ner-# ri-+s`-s`-=t@-sh`n) is a technique used to revive a person whose breathing and heartbeat have stopped. Chest compressions, sometimes accompanied by assisted breathing, get oxygen into the blood to keep the heart and lungs working. If an accident does occur, stay calm. Panic keeps you from thinking clearly. ever hesitate to call for help, whether for yourself or someone else. You could save a life. Grilled Vegetable Sandwich Ingredients 1 Tbsp. Olive oil 1 tsp. alsamic vinegar ¼ tsp. Salt 1 8 tsp. Cayenne pepper 1 Red bell pepper 1 Red onion 1 Zucchini 2 Portabella mushrooms 4 Rolls (Kaiser, Sesame or other) Directions 1. Mix the olive oil, vinegar, salt and Cayenne pepper in a small bowl. 2. Cut the bell pepper lengthwise to make four wide, flat slices. Cut the onion into four thick circles. Slice the zucchini lengthwise into four long strips, then cut the strips in half. Remove the stems from the mushrooms and slice them in half so that you have two circular pieces. 3. Place the vegetables on a tray and brush them with the marinade. Grill the vegetables on a grill or bake them on a wire rack in an oven set to 375. Watch the vegetables closely and remove them from the heat when they are done. 4. Stack the vegetables on the bread to make the sandwich. Slice the sandwich in half and serve. TECHOLOGY FOR TOMORROW A Silent Alarm Your home s smoke detector can awaken you with loud beeps. ut what if you re hearing impaired? Inventors in Japan have created a new smoke detector that uses food, not sound, to alert the deaf during a fire. Wasabi is a Japanese horseradish that has a strong odor and taste. When the Wasabi Smoke Detector senses smoke, it sprays potent wasabi extract into a room to alert deaf people to a fire. In tests, this silent alarm woke up 13 out of 14 people. Investigate What other types of alarms can alert the hearing impaired to a kitchen fire? CSS VIII Science, Technology and society. Make judgments about how science and technology have transformed the physical world and human society. This mixture of grilled vegetables creates a hearty sandwich without added fat and cholesterol. Yield 4 servings utrition Analysis per Serving Calories 232 Total fat 6 g Saturated fat 1 g Cholesterol 0 mg Sodium 315 mg Carbohydrate 37 Dietary fiber 3 g Sugars 4 g Protein 7 g 310 Unit 5 Kitchen asics 310 TECHOLOGY FOR TOMORROW Answer Students findings will vary but may include alarms that use strobes to create a visual signal that there is a fire; alarms that transmit signals to a pillow vibrator to awaken sleeping people; alarms equipped to vibrate the bed; and alarms equipped with alarms that beep at a higher-than-average volume. Recipe Prep Tip Remind students that by stacking the vegetables, they are creating a sandwich that is colorful and attractive. The vegetables in this recipe are chosen in large part for their contrasting colors. You can create similar contrasts by selecting a variety of vegetables that are in season.

10 CHAPTER 20 Review & Applications After You Read Chapter Summary Good safety habits protect against many kitchen hazards. Make six safety habits part of your kitchen routine. In addition, prevent falls by removing hazards, and handle sharp edges with care. Prevent fires and burns by practicing cooktop, oven, and gas safety, and take the correct steps to respond if a fire starts. Handle cords, appliances, and household chemicals properly to prevent injuries. When cooking outdoors, follow safety guidelines. Protect family members, including children and people with physical challenges, by taking precautions and providing safe and useful tools. e prepared to handle emergencies by keeping important tools handy and learning safety measures. Content and Academic Vocabulary Review 1. Create a fill-in-the-blank sentence for each of these content and academic vocabulary words. Content Vocabulary Academic Vocabulary polarized plug (p. 305) carbon monoxide (p. 306) Heimlich maneuver (p. 308) cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) (p. 308) Review Key Concepts inspect (p. 303) vulnerable (p. 307) 2. List six ways to prevent accidents in the kitchen. 3. Explain why keeping a kitchen clean can prevent a kitchen fire. 4. List five things to remember when using household chemicals. 5. Explain why it is important to follow safety guidelines when cooking outdoors. 6. Summarize five precautions to make kitchens safe for children. 7. Describe two first aid procedures you should know to prepare you to respond to kitchen emergencies. Critical Thinking 8. Evaluate this situation. After breaking a glass in the foods lab, Jarred quickly swept up the pieces and put them directly into the wastebasket. 9. Explain what the cook might have done wrong. After a severe kitchen fire, firefighters learned that it started small, but the cook s attempts to put out the fire made it worse. 10. Examine the safety issues illustrated by this scenario. A child stands on a chair at the kitchen counter. She uses a dull knife to cut a sandwich while her parent answers a phone call. Chapter 20 Review & Applications 311 Content and Academic Vocabulary Review 1. Students should create fill-inthe-blank sentences for each of the content and academic vocabulary words. Review Key Concepts 2. Focus on what you are doing; dress for safety; use tools and equipment properly and safely; close drawers and doors completely; store large items on low shelves; and control clutter. 3. This prevents grease and bits of food from building up in burners, ovens, range hoods, and toasters, where they can catch fire. 4. Read the label before buying; keep hazardous products in their original containers so you can refer to the directions; follow all directions for proper ventilation and protection for people and pets; use the label for first aid instructions; never mix household chemicals, which can react adversely; and point the nozzle away from people and pets when using a spray bottle. 5. Follow safety guidelines to prevent flames from flaring up; keep the grill from tipping over; prevent nearby buildings, shrubs, and other objects from catching fire; put out fires promptly; prevent carbon monoxide poisoning; prevent explosions; prevent burns to hands and arms; properly extinguish or mist a flare-up; and prevent grass fires started by hot coals. 6. To make kitchens safe for children, never leave them unattended, use safety latches on doors and cabinets, and teach them to stay away from heat sources. Also, provide child-appropriate tables, stools, and tools for children who want to help with kitchen tasks, and supervise them at all times. Finally, model safe work habits for children. 7. The Heimlich maneuver is a way to dislodge an object from the throat of a choking person by applying a series of upward thrusts on the abdomen. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR, is a technique used to revive a person whose breathing and heartbeat have stopped. Chest compressions and assisted breathing can help to get the heart and lungs working. Critical Thinking 8. Jarred did the right thing by quickly sweeping up the broken pieces. However, he should have sealed them in their own bag before placing them in the wastebasket. If they are simply loose in the wastebasket, they could cut a person who handles it or reaches into it. 311

11 CHAPTER The cook might have used baking powder or flour to put out the fire, which caused an explosion; used water to put out the fire, which caused grease to splatter; or carried a burning pan to the sink or outside, causing a bigger fire when air fanned the flames. 10. This situation is dangerous for several reasons. The child should stand on a safe stepstool or work at a child-size table. She should not be using a dull knife, which is more dangerous than a sharp knife because it is likely to slip. Her parent is distracted by the phone and cannot supervise the child properly. 11. Have each team demonstrate a different task, such as allowing a child to help in the kitchen, using household chemicals, working at the range, or putting out an imaginary fire. Encourage students to think of actions or information their peers might leave out of demonstrations. 12. Eladio should choose a wooden spoon. Regular plastic utensils are flammable and give off poisonous fumes when they burn. 13. Students flyers will vary depending on their findings. Encourage students to experiment with font sizes, styles, and colors to design eye-catching and informative flyers about opportunities for first aid education. Use the flyers to create a colorful classroom display. Real-World Skills Problem-Solving Skills 14. The Tamakos can install safety latches on their cabinet doors to prevent their toddler from opening them. CHAPTER 20 CHAPTER 11. Safety Demonstration One way to develop good kitchen safety habits is to practice. y giving a lab demonstration of 20 Real-World Skills Review & Applications 11. Safety Demonstration One way how to safely complete a kitchen task, you will be prepared practice safety your own kitchen. to develop good Procedure With your kitchen lab team, safety demonstrate a simple its kitchen is to task, practice. such as hab- chopping vegetables y or giving heating a soup, lab verbally pointing out the necessary demonstration of safety precautions. how to safely complete a kitchen task, Analysis Analyze another team s demonstration. Take notes about the follow- you will be prepared practice safety ing: the correctness your of their own actions; kitchen. the an clarity explosion, of their verbal used narration; water to put their out the demonstration s fire, which caused ability Procedure to grease inform With to and splatter, your lab team, demonstrate write one pan a question simple to the sink kitchen or task, such as educate or carried others. a Also burning you outside, have about causing the chopping task. a Share bigger vegetables your fire when or air heating soup, analysis fanned and the question flames. with the team. verbally pointing out the necessary 10. This situation safety is dangerous precautions. for several Real-World reasons. The Skills child should stand on a safe step-stool or Analysis work at a child-size Analyze table. another She team s dem- Problem- should not be using a dull knife, which onstration. Take notes about the follow- Solving is more dangerous than a sharp knife because it is likely ing: the to slip. correctness Her parent is of distracted while clarity answering finger of their a cabinet. phone, verbal What and narration; can the Tamakos their do? their actions; the Skills cannot supervise demonstration s the child properly. Interpersonal ability to inform and and educate others. Also write one question Collaborative you have about the task. Share your Skills analysis and question with the team. Financial Literacy Skills Problem- Solving Skills 312 Unit 5 Kitchen asics Review & Applications Interpersonal and Collaborative Skills 15. Assign each group a different aspect to assess. For example, one group might assess the knives for sharpness, while another may assess the cords of electrical appliances. A group might note that 23 out of 40 knives were in need of sharpening or that 4 cords had exposed wires. Have students note and report their findings. Point out that routine assessments are as useful for preventing accidents in home kitchens as they are in school foods lab. 12. Stirring Safely Eladio is sautéing an assortment of vegetables in hot pan. He has a variety of utensils to choose from with which he can stir the vegetables. Should he choose a wooden spoon or a regular plastic spoon? Explain your reasoning. What might happen if Eladio uses the wrong utensil? 13. First Aid Education Under your teacher s supervision, use the Internet to find out where people in your community or state can take a class to learn either the Heimlich maneuver or CPR. Your local Red Cross usually offers first aid classes. Then use basic word processing software to create an informative and visually interesting flyer telling where and when people can learn these safety measures. Explain in the flyer why it is valuable to know how to use these two important first aid procedures. 14. Curious Child The Tamakos have a curious toddler who is constantly opening the lower cabinet doors in their kitchen. Yesterday, he pulled out a heavy pan, and his mother tripped on it. Today, he smashed his 15. Assess Safety Follow your teacher s instructions to form small groups. Work together to evaluate the safety of one aspect of your schools foods lab, such as tools, equipment, cords, accesibility to first aid, or handiness of fire extinguishers. What changes would be helpful? 16. The Cost of Carelessness Research the average cost of a doctor s visit in the United States. Then research the cost of a basic knife sharpener. How much money could a person save by buying a sharpener to prevent a dangerous cut and avoid a visit to the doctor? 12. Stirring Safely Eladio is s ment of vegetables in hot variety of utensils to choo which he can stir the vege choose a wooden spoon o spoon? Explain your reaso happen if Eladio uses the 13. First Aid Education Unde supervision, use the Intern where people in your com can take a class to learn e lich maneuver or CPR. Yo Cross usually offers first a use basic word processing ate an informative and vis flyer telling where and wh learn these safety measure flyer why it is valuable to these two important first a 14. Curious Child The Tamakos have a curious toddler who opening the lower cabinet doors in their kitchen. Yesterd out a heavy pan, and his mother tripped on it. Today, he finger in a cabinet. What can the Tamakos do? Financial Literacy Skills 16. Answers may vary. A doctor s visit may cost anywhere from $95 to $265. A basic knife sharpener can be found for between $5 and $20 so prevention could save from $75 to $260. Point out that by preventing injuries through such habits as keeping knives sharp, students can save money that would be spent on costly doctor visits. 312

12 CHAPTER 20 Review & Applications Academic Skills Food Science 17. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers A carbon dioxide fire extinguisher works by eliminating oxygen and replacing it with carbon dioxide. Combining baking soda (a base) with vinegar (an acid), creates carbon dioxide to put out a flame. Procedure Under your teacher s supervision, place a small candle in a flameproof safe container. In a large glass, place a tablespoon of baking soda, then add about 2 tablespoons of white vinegar, mixing. Watch the foam until it dies down. Light the candle, and pour the contents of the glass (carbon dioxide gas) over the flame. (Don t pour out the liquid.) Analysis Why did the flame go out? How did the carbon dioxide stay in the glass? Write a paragraph to summarize the results of the experiment. SES Develop an understanding of interactions of energy and matter. Mathematics 18. Kitchen Hazards You have read the results of a survey comparing the various types of kitchen accidents. According to this survey, 50% of all kitchen accidents are cuts; 25% are burns; 15% are falls; 7% are due to electric shock; and 3% are poisoning. Create a circle graph to show this data. Math Concept Circle Graphs A circle graph (or pie chart) can be used to indicate of a whole, which are shown as sections (wedges) of the circle. Starting Hint Multiply each percent by 360 to find the angles of each section. CTM Data Analysis and Probability Formulate questions that can be addressed with data and collect, organize, and display relevant data to answer them. TECHOLOGY Solutions Use these technology solutions to streamline chapter assessment! ExamView Assessment Suite CD allows you to create and print out customized tests or ready-made unit and chapter tests, complete with answer keys. Online Learning Center includes resources and activities for students and teachers. English Language Arts 19. A-Z Safety Lists Write an A-Z list of safety tips for the kitchen in which each tip corresponds to one letter from the alphabet. For example, the first tip might be Appliances should be unplugged when not in use. The second could be ake safely by using oven mitts to handle hot items. Each tip should be a complete sentence, and be written in your own words. CTE 5 Use different writing process elements to communicate effectively. STADARDIZED TEST PRACTICE READIG COMPREHESIO Re-read the section about cord safety on page 307. Then select the best answer to the question. 20. What can you do to prevent accidents caused by cords in the kitchen? a. Keep cords tidy and away from water by stapling or nailing them in place. b. Keep cords organized by putting as many as possible in one electrical outlet. c. Do not try to fit a polarized plug into a non-polarized outlet. d. Avoid electrocution by unplugging cords by pulling on the cord, not the plug. Test-Taking Tip efore you answer a reading comprehension question, closely read the answers. Some answers may seem correct, but they contain subtle errors. Pay attention to every word. Chapter 20 Review & Applications 313 TeacherWorks Plus is an electronic lesson planner that provides instant access to complete teacher resources in one convenient package. Academic Skills Food Science 17. Acetic acid (vinegar) plus sodium bicarbona te (soda) equals sodium acetate (salt and carbonic acid), which breaks down to water and carbon dioxide. Fires need heat, oxygen, and fuel to burn. The carbon dioxide replaces the oxygen, smothering the flame. Carbon Dioxide is also heavier than air, so it does not escape from the glass. Teachers may want to conduct this experiment and allow students to observe. Mathematics 18. Students should draw a circle graph with five wedges representing the five different types of kitchen accidents. The angles of each section should be 180 ( ) for cuts, 90 ( ) for burns; 54 ( ) for falls; 25.2 ( ) for electric shock, and 10.8 ( ) for poisoning. English Language Arts 19. Lists will vary. Students should not simply make up tips but should use their text as a resource. Students should write all tips in their own words, rather than lift them verbatim from the text. Tips should be complete sentences free of spelling and grammatical errors. connects academic correlations to book content. STADARDIZED TEST PRACTICE Answer 20. c. Do not try to fit a polarized plug into a nonpolarized outlet. 313