Tourism Satellite Account 2012

Transcription

1 tourisme Tourism Satellite Account 2012 Publication date : 2013 Jean-Christophe Lomonaco

2 The results outlined in this document are provisional for 2012, semi-final for 2011, and final for Publication date: December 2013 Managing Editor: Pascal Faure Editor-in-Chief: François Magnien Editorial Manager: Daniel Rulfi Coordination: Gwenaëlle Solignac Layout: Hélène Allias-Denis, Brigitte Baroin Editing: Nicole Merle-Lamoot, Gilles Pannetier

3 Tourism Satellite Account 2012

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5 Summary Internal tourism consumption (ITC) accounted for 7.3% of GDP in 2012 Internal tourism consumption accounted for 7.3% of GDP in Out of a total 149bn, French tourists alone were responsible for domestic tourism consumption of 98.8 billion (66.3% of ITC and 4.9% of GDP). Although a large proportion of French residents stay in France for business and leisure travel, France is also a prime destination for non-resident visitors. In 2012, foreign tourism consumption (inbound) totalled 50.3bn, equivalent to 33.7% of ITC and 2.5% of GDP. After recording a sharp increase in 2011 (7.1%), ITC grew by 3.0% in 2012 in nominal terms, mainly as a result of the significant jump in prices (2.3% compared to 0.6% in volume). Inbound consumption by foreign visitors was behind 80% of the increase in ITC in 2012 (2.4 percentage points out of a total of 3), doubling the contribution made by this group in 2011 (2.7 percentage points out of a total of 7). Expenditure on air transport and fuel saw the biggest increase in 2012 The 3.0% increase in ITC in 2012 was attributable first and foremost to fuel expenditure (up 6.1% in nominal terms) which grew by 0.7bn to account for 8% of total expenditure. Higher spending on fuel by tourists in 2012 was in keeping with the rise in the cost of crude oil. As a result of the growth in low-cost carriers, expenditure on air transport grew by 5.6% in nominal terms ( 0.9bn). Air transport was the biggest component of ITC (at 11.3%). Driven by international visitors, it made the biggest (0.8 percentage point) contribution to the growth in expenditure on a volume basis (0.6 percentage point). Tourism Satellite Account

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7 Contents Breakdown of results... 9 Tourism expenditure Internal tourism expenditure Domestic tourism expenditure Inbound tourism expenditure Contribution of expenditure line items to changes in tourism consumption volumes Contribution of foreign visitors to internal tourism consumption Annual tourism expenditure Breakdown tourism expenditure in Tourism expenditure by type of service consumed Expenditure on accommodation, food and transport Overnight stays and expenditure on rented accommodation by French tourists by type of accommodation Overnight stays and spending on rented accommodation by foreign tourists by type of accommodation Expenditure on accommodation Expenditure on food Expenditure on transport Glossary Tourism Satellite Account

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9 Breakdown of results

10 Breakdown of results Internal tourism consumption (ITC) accounted for 7.3% of GDP in 2012 Internal tourism consumption reached 149bn in 2012, including 98.8 billion attributable to French residents, i.e. twothirds of total tourism consumption. Non-residents accounted for the remaining 50.3bn (table 1). ITC rose in nominal terms by 3.0% over 2011, mainly due to higher prices (2.3%), while the uptick in volumes was considerably more contained (0.6%). The overall increase came about as a result of the very strong growth in demand from international tourists (7.5% after an 8.4% jump in 2011), while growth in demand from French tourists was significantly slower (0.8% after a 6.3% rise in 2011). The nominal changes were caused by price and volume fluctuations that vary substantially depending on whether we look at French or foreign tourists. Consumption in volume terms by foreign tourists (4.3%) rose at a faster rate than prices (3.1%). In contrast, the increase in French consumption was wholly due to the jump in prices (1.9%), with volumes consumed actually contracting by 1.1%. Volumes across all visitor categories were up slightly (0.6%), while prices climbed by 2.3%. Table 1: Change in tourism consumption Internal tourism consumption (in billions of current euros) French visitors Foreign visitors Change (in %) French visitors Foreign visitors Contribution to the change (in % points) French visitors Foreign visitors , Note: in 2012, tourism consumption by foreign visitors reached 50.3bn, up 7.5% on In 2012, foreign visitors were responsible for 2.4 percentage points of growth in tourism consumption. Tourism is a key sector of the French economy, with ITC accounting for 8.7% of final household consumption expenditure in More generally, tourism contributes significantly to creating wealth; in 2012, ITC accounted for 7.3% of GDP (table 2), a level not seen since Tourism consumption by non-residents alone accounted for almost 2.5% of GDP. Although the consumption levels of non-residents contracted by more than the consumption levels of French residents in 2008 and 2009, they picked up again as of Their sharp increase in 2011 and 2012 led to a 0.1% annual rise in the contribution made by non-resident tourists to French GDP. Contributing % to GDP, 90% of trips by French residents are taken in France. Table 2: Contribution of tourism consumption to GDP Gross domestic product (in billions of current euros) Contribution of ITC to GDP (in %) French visitors Foreign visitors Note: ITC accounted for 7.33% of GDP in 2012, including 4.86% by French visitors and 2.47% by foreign visitors. Source: Tourism Satellite Account, base year 2005, DGCIS; National accounts, base year 2005, INSEE. 10 Tourism Satellite Account 2012

11 Overall, between 2005 and 2012, ITC gained 21.0% in nominal terms, mainly as a result of the sharp increase in prices (17.7%), while volumes gained only 2.8%. The peak in volumes seen in 2007 had still not been repeated in 2012 for either French or foreign visitors. Tourist spending Chart 1: Total visitors Base 100 in Volume Price Value Chart 2: French visitors Chart 3: Foreign visitors Base 100 in Volume Price Value Base 100 in Volume Price Value Expenditure on air transport and fuel recorded the highest increase in 2012 Air transport recorded the largest nominal spending increase in 2012 followed by fuel, hotels and restaurants (the last two on a par with each other). Air transport, the biggest item of expenditure for all visitor categories, accounted for 11.3% of tourism consumption in 2012; foreign visitors were responsible for 51.7% of this figure. Spending on air transport in nominal terms grew by 5.6% in 2012, identical to 2011, reflecting the growth in low-cost flights. It was caused by the sharp upturn in volumes (7.6% in 2012 after 7.1% in 2011) and a dip in prices (-1.9% in 2012 after -0.8% in 2011); most of the volume increase in 2012 was generated by foreign visitors (14.6% compared to 1.7% for French visitors). In contrast, the rise in volumes in 2011 was due entirely to French visitors (14.7% compared to -0.9% for foreign visitors). In 2012, air transport therefore contributed over half of the total volume increase in internal tourism consumption by non-residents (2.3 percentage points out of a total of 4.5). The contribution by French visitors was much lower (0.2 percentage point in volume terms) but this nevertheless helped to halt the drop in total volumes (-1.1 percentage point). Tourism Satellite Account

12 Breakdown of results Chart 4: Breakdown of tourist expenditure in 2012 In % Total visitors Foreign visitors French visitors Rented tourist accommodation Food and drink Tolls, fuel, private vehicle rentals Cultural, sporting and leisure activities Restaurants and cafés Non-urban transport services Tour operator and travel agency services Other expenditure (local transport, shopping, etc.) Spending on fuel accounted for 8.0% of ITC in 2012; the majority (73.2%) by French visitors. Spending on fuel by all visitor categories grew by 6.1% in nominal terms in 2012 as a result of the significant knock-on effect of higher oil prices on the cost of fuel at the pump (8.9%), while volumes consumed continued their downward slide (-2.6% in 2012). In the last few years, the average number of kilometres driven by private vehicles has fallen or at best plateaued. In addition, the move towards greener models has triggered a downturn in the average amount of fuel consumed. Despite this dip, fuel still recorded the biggest volume change in 2012 for French visitors (-0.3 percentage point out of a total of -1.1 percentage point). Tourism is still key for the fuel sector; in 2012, 28% of household spending went on fuel during tourist trips. Hotels accounted for the bulk of spending on tourist accommodation for French and foreign visitors alike. Hotel expenditure (excluding meals) accounted for 8.7% of tourism consumption in 2012 for all visitor categories. International tourism made a strong contribution to the hotel sector, especially in the high-end category; foreign tourists were responsible for over 40% of hotel expenditure (42.2% in 2012) across the entire range. Total hotel expenditure grew by 3.1% in nominal terms versus Spending by foreign tourists grew at a faster rate than spending by French tourists (5.2% and 1.6% respectively). Although prices for both categories increased at a similar rate (2.7% and 2.5% respectively), volumes for French tourists contracted by 1.0% but gained 2.6% for foreign tourists. Total spending on restaurants and cafés made up 12.0% of tourism consumption in 2012 (13.4% of tourism expenditure, chart 4), twice as much as purchases of food and drink (and two-and-a-half times as much for foreign visitors alone). It grew by 2.2% in 2012 versus 5.9% in The 2012 increase was due exclusively to a price hike (2.9%) as consumption in volume terms contracted by 0.6%. In contrast, the 2011 increase was above all due to a rise in volumes (4.2%), with prices growing by 1.6%. In 2012, the rise in volumes consumed by international visitors (2.5%) was not enough to fully offset the 2.2% decline in volumes consumed by French visitors. Fuel contributed the most to the overall dip in volumes (-0.3 percentage point for each visitor category), a sign of tighter French purse strings during their trips. Nevertheless, tourism still has a significant impact on the restaurant and cafés segment, although this impact varies depending on the location and time of year. Based on the Tourism Satellite Account figure, spending on restaurants and cafés by tourists accounted for 29% of total expenditure in this category in Tourism Satellite Account 2012

13 Chart 5: Contribution of expenditure line items to change in tourism consumption volumes in 2012 % change, contribution in percentage points Rented tourist accommodation Restaurants and cafés Non-urban transport services French visitors Other expenditure on tourism services (car hire, travel agencies, cultural, sports, leisure activities, etc.) -0.6 Foreign visitors Other expenditure -0.3 Non-rented tourist accommodation -1.1 Change in tourism consumption Methodology The sources and methods used to establish the Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) are based on the International Recommendations for Tourism Statistics endorsed in March 2008 by the United Nations Statistics Division, and also the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat) and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The recommendations provide for the following: - The adoption of a consistent set of definitions and rules for data compatible with national accounts and international accounting guidelines. - Use of all statistical data sources available in relation to the production and consumption of tourist products. The TSA has adopted the same general rules of assessment as used when drawing up the national accounts. For example, in keeping with international recommendations, the brokerage services supplied by tour operators are recorded net of the value of tourism services (transport, hotels, restaurants, etc.) included in the packages billed to end customers (i.e. tourists). To counterbalance this, the value of the tourism services consumed as part of these packages is accounted for as part of the services consumed separately from these packages. The TSA provides a breakdown of the components of internal tourism consumption based on a classification of products that is compatible with the production branches used in national accounting standards. This makes it possible to assess the contribution made by tourism to the various branches of the economy. For each type of service consumed by tourists, the TSA uses the most exhaustive and robust data available, i.e. data provided by service suppliers (supply-based approach) or data collected from tourists (demandbased approach). Some of this data may be gathered from statistical surveys, administrative data or professional sources. The data provided may be the form of amounts, quantities or prices, levels or changes. For each type of product, the various data sources available regarding supply (national accounts, tourist accommodation surveys) and demand survey (e.g. Tourism Demand Survey and Foreign Visitors Survey ) have been combined. Where possible, the most appropriate data was selected from these combined sources. Tourism Satellite Account

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15 Tourism expenditure

16 Tourism Expenditure Internal tourism expenditure (French and foreign visitors) Amount (in billions of current euros) 2012 vs 2011 (in %) I Expenditure on tourism characteristic services 1. Rented tourist accommodation Hotels Campsites (1) Rural gîtes and other seasonal rentals Other rented accommodation (2) 2. Restaurants and cafés 3. Non-urban transport services Air Rail (3) Coach Sea and waterway 4. Short-term equipment rentals Private passenger vehicles Sports and leisure equipment 5. Tour operator and travel agency services 6. Cultural, sport and leisure services Museums, shows and other cultural activities Theme parks and other recreational services Casinos Ski lifts Il Other expenditure Fuel Tolls Food and drink (4) Specific consumer durable goods (5) Other consumer goods (6) Taxis and other urban transport services Other services (7) Ill Tourism expenditure (III = I + Il) IV Non-rented accommodation (8) V Tourism consumption ( V = III +IV) (1) Including municipal campsites. (2) Holiday residences and hotels, holiday villages, youth hostels, etc. (3) Excluding Transilien (suburban networks). (4) Excluding restaurants and cafés. (5) Camping cars, pleasure boats, travel and leather items and certain types of sport equipment used specifically in holiday resorts. (6) Purchases of local products, souvenirs, gifts, etc. (7) Car repairs, personal care, etc. (8) Holiday homes (imputed rental value). Note: internal tourism consumption reached 149bn in 2012, up 3% on 2011 including a 0.6% rise in volumes and a 2.3% rise in prices. Air transport accounted for 0.8 percentage point of the change in volumes. 16 Tourism Satellite Account 2012

17 Change in volumes based on last year s prices (in %) Contribution to change in volumes (in % points) Change in prices (in %) Tourism Satellite Account

18 Tourism Expenditure Domestic tourism expenditure (French visitors) Amount (in billions of current euros) 2012 vs 2011 (in %) I Expenditure on tourism characteristic services 1. Rented tourist accommodation Hotels Campsites (1) Rural gîtes and other seasonal rentals Other rented accommodation (2) 2. Restaurants and cafés 3. Non-urban transport services Air Rail (3) Coach Sea and waterway 4. Short-term equipment rentals Private passenger vehicles Sports and leisure equipment 5. Tour operator and travel agency services 6. Cultural, sport and leisure services Museums, shows and other cultural activities Theme parks and other recreational services Casinos Ski lifts Il Other expenditure Fuel Tolls Food and drink (4) Specific consumer durable goods (5) Other consumer goods (6) Taxis and other urban transport services Other services (7) Ill Tourism expenditure (III = I + Il) IV Non-rented accommodation (8) V Tourism consumption ( V = III +IV) (1) Including municipal campsites. (2) Holiday residences and hotels, holiday villages, youth hostels, etc. (3) Excluding Transilien (suburban networks). (4) Excluding restaurants and cafés. (5) Camping cars, pleasure boats, travel and leather items and certain types of sport equipment used specifically in holiday resorts. (6) Purchases of local products, souvenirs, gifts, etc. (7) Car repairs, personal care, etc. (8) Holiday homes (imputed rental value). Note: domestic tourism consumption reached 98.8bn in 2012, up 0.8% on 2011 including a 1.1% drop in volumes and a 1.9% rise in prices. Consumption in restaurants and cafés accounted for 0.3 percentage point of the dip in volumes. 18 Tourism Satellite Account 2012

19 Change in volumes based on last year s prices (in %) Contribution to change in volumes (in % points) Change in prices (in %) Tourism Satellite Account

20 Tourism Expenditure Inbound tourism expenditure (foreign visitors) Amount (in billions of current euros) 2012 vs 2011 (in %) I Expenditure on tourism characteristic services 1. Rented tourist accommodation Hotels Campsites (1) Rural gîtes and other seasonal rentals Other rented accommodation (2) 2. Restaurants and cafés 3. Non-urban transport services Air Rail (3) Coach Sea and waterway 4. Short-term equipment rentals Private passenger vehicles Sports and leisure equipment 5. Tour operator and travel agency services 6. Cultural, sport and leisure services Museums, shows and other cultural activities Theme parks and other recreational services Casinos Ski lifts Il Other expenditure Fuel Tolls Food and drink (4) Specific consumer durable goods (5) Other consumer goods (6) Taxis and other urban transport services Other services (7) Ill Tourism expenditure (III = I + Il) IV Non-rented accommodation (8) V Tourism consumption ( V = III +IV) (1) Including municipal campsites. (2) Holiday residences and hotels, holiday villages, youth hostels, etc. (3) Excluding Transilien (suburban networks). (4) Excluding restaurants and cafés. (5) Camping cars, pleasure boats, travel and leather items and certain types of sport equipment used specifically in holiday resorts. (6) Purchases of local products, souvenirs, gifts, etc. (7) Car repairs, personal care, etc. (8) Holiday homes (imputed rental value). Note: inbound tourism consumption totalled 50.3bn in 2012, up 7.5% on 2011 including a 4.3% rise in volumes and 3.1% increase in prices. Air transport accounted for 2.3 percentage points of the jump in volumes. 20 Tourism Satellite Account 2012

21 Change in volumes based on last year s prices (in %) Contribution to change in volumes (in % points) Change in prices (in %) Tourism Satellite Account

22 Tourism Expenditure Contribution of expenditure line items to changes in tourism consumption volumes % change, contribution in percentage points Internal tourism consumption % change, contribution in percentage points 7 Domestic tourism consumption Source: Tourism Satellite Account, base year 2005, DGCIS % change, contribution in percentage points 7 Inbound tourism consumption Rented tourist accommodation Restaurants and cafés Non-urban transport services Other expenditure on tourism characteristic services (car hire, travel agencies, cultural, sports, leisures activities, etc.) Other expenditure Non-rented accommodation Volume change in tourism consumption 22 Tourism Satellite Account 2012

23 Contribution of foreign visitors to internal tourism consumption In % I Expenditure on tourism characteristic services 1. Rented tourist accommodation Hotels Campsites (1) Rural gîtes and other seasonal rentals Other rented accommodation (2) 2. Restaurants and cafés 3. Non-urban transport services Air Rail (3) Coach Sea and waterway 4. Short-term equipment rentals Private passenger vehicles Sports and leisure equipment 5. Tour operator and travel agency services 6. Cultural, sport and leisure services Museums, shows and other cultural activities Theme parks and other recreational services Casinos Ski lifts II Other expenditure Fuel Tolls Food and drink (4) Specific consumer durable goods (5) Other consumer goods (6) Taxis and other urban transport services Other services (7) III Dépense touristique (III = I + II) (1) Including municipal campsites. (2) Holiday residences and hotels, holiday villages, youth hostels, etc. (3) Excluding Transilien (suburban networks). (4) Excluding restaurants and cafés. (5) Camping cars, pleasure boats, travel and leather items and certain types of sport equipment used specifically in holiday resorts. (6) Purchases of local products, souvenirs, gifts, etc. (7) Car repairs, personal care, etc. Tourism Satellite Account

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25 Annual tourism expenditure

26 Annual tourism expenditure Breakdown tourism expenditure in 2012 Amount (in billions of current euros) All visitors French visitors Foreign visitors All visitors As a % of total expenditure French visitors Foreign visitors I Expenditure on tourism characteristic services 1. Rented tourist accommodation Hotels Campsites (1) Rural gîtes and other seasonal rentals Other rented accommodation (2) 2.Restaurants and cafés 3. Non-urban transport services Air Rail (3) Coach Sea and waterway 4.Short-term equipment rentals Private passenger vehicles Sports and leisure equipment 5. Tour operator and travel agency services 6. Cultural, sport and leisure services Museums, shows and other cultural activities Theme parks and other recreational services Casinos Ski lifts Il Other expenditure Fuel Tolls Food and drink (4) Specific consumer durable goods (5) Other consumer goods (6) Taxis and other urban transport services Other services (7) Ill Tourism expenditure (III = I + Il) IV Non-rented accommodation (8) V Tourism consumption ( V = III +IV) (1) Including municipal campsites. (2) Holiday residences and hotels, holiday villages, youth hostels, etc. (3) Excluding Transilien (suburban networks). (4) Excluding restaurants and cafés. (5) Camping cars, pleasure boats, travel and leather items and certain types of sport equipment used specifically in holiday resorts. (6) Purchases of local products, souvenirs, gifts, etc. (7) Car repairs, personal care, etc. (8) Holiday homes (imputed rental value). 26 Tourism Satellite Account 2012

27 Annual tourism expenditure Tourism expenditure by type of service consumed French visitors In % Rented Restaurants tourist and cafés accommodation Food and drink Non-urban transport services Tolls, fuel, private vehicle rental Tour operator and travel agency services Cultural sports and leisure activities Other expenditure (on-site transport, shopping, etc.) Foreign visitors In % Rented Restaurants tourist and cafés accommodation Food and drink Non-urban transport services Tolls, fuel, private vehicle rental Tour operator and travel agency services Cultural sports and leisure activities Other expenditure (on-site transport, shopping, etc.) Tourism Satellite Account

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29 Expenditure on accommodation, food and transport

30 Expenditure on accommodation, food and transport Overnight stays and expenditure on rented accommodation by French tourists by type of accommodation In % 50 Overnight stays Hotels Campsites (1) Rural gîtes and other seasonal rentals Other rented accommodation (2) In % 50 Expenditure Hotels Campsites (1) Rural gîtes and other seasonal rentals Other rented accommodation (2) (1) Including municipal campsites. (2) Holiday residences and hotels, holiday villages, youth hostels, etc. 30 Tourism Satellite Account 2012

31 Overnight stays and expenditure on rented accommodation by foreign tourists by type of accommodation In % 40 Overnight stays Hotels Campsites (1) Rural gîtes and other seasonal rentals Other rented accommodation (2) In % Expenditure Hotels Campsites (1) Rural gîtes and other seasonal rentals Other rented accommodation (2) (1) Including municipal campsites. (2) Holiday residences and hotels, holiday villages, youth hostels, etc. Tourism Satellite Account

32 Expenditure on accommodation, food and transport Expenditure on accommodation Expenditure by type of accommodation French tourists Foreign tourists Chained volume indices (base 100 in 2005) Chained volume indices (base 100 in 2005) (1) Including municipal campsites. (2) Holiday residences and hotels, holiday villages, youth hostels, etc. Hotels Campsites (1) Rural gîtes and other seasonal rentals Other rented tourist accommodation (2) Total rented tourist accommodation Overnight stays and expenditure on hotels by French and foreign tourists Chained volume indices (base 100 in 2005) Spending on hotels by French tourists Spending on hotels by foreign tourists Overnight stays in hotels by French tourists Overnight stays in hotels by foreign tourists 32 Tourism Satellite Account 2012

33 Expenditure on food Overnight stays and expenditure on food Chained volume indices (base 100 in 2005) 110 French tourists Restaurants and cafés Food and drink Overnight stays in hotels Overnight stays in other tourist accommodation (including non-rented) Chained volume indices (base 100 in 2005) Foreign tourists Restaurants and cafés Food and drink Overnight stays in hotels Overnight stays in other tourist accommodation (including non-rented) Tourism Satellite Account

34 Expenditure on accommodation, food and transport Expenditure on transport Passenger traffic on French airlines and rail companies and related tourist expenditure* Chained volume indices (base 100 in 2005) Tourist expenditure on air transport Passengers traffic on French airlines Tourist expenditure on rail transport Passenger traffic on mainline and intercity trains * Total visitors. Sources : Tourism Satellite Account, base year 2005, DGCIS; DGAC; SNCF. Fuel volumes and prices and distances travelled by car Chained volume indices (base 100 in 2005) Volume of fuel by French visitors Distances travelled by car by French visitors (km) Volume of fuel used by foreign visitors Traffic in France, foreign-registered vehicles (véhicle-km) Average price of fuel used by French visitors * Average price of fuel used by foreign visitors * * Annual average based on monthly price of diesel and petrol weighted on the basis of volumes consumed. Sources: Tourism Satellite Account, base year 2005, DGCIS; SDT,DGCIS, Banque de France; SOeS, DIREM, MEDDE. 34 Tourism Satellite Account 2012

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36 Glossary Tourism Satellite Account According to the recommendations issued by the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) in , the purpose of a Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) is to analyse in detail all the aspects of demand for goods and services associated with the activity of visitors; to observe the operational interface with the supply of goods and services; and to describe how this supply interacts with other economic activities. The TSA is designed to permit greater internal consistency of tourism statistics with the rest of the statistical system of a country as well as increased international comparability of these data. In 2010, the UNWTO surveyed 60 countries that were in the process of developing a TSA in line with the 2008 recommendations or already had one. The term satellite refers to an accounting system that is considered a sub-system of the national accounting system aimed at measuring the size and importance of a sector that is not defined as such in the national accounts (for example, tourism, housing, education, the environment, etc.). The tourism sector is made up of a number of economic sectors, including some exclusively devoted to tourism, such as tourist accommodation and financial intermediation services, and some partially, such as the catering sector. A TSA serves several purposes. It is used to: - assess the contribution made by certain groups of visitors (residents, non-residents, tourists, same-day visitors) to tourism consumption. A targeted marketing approach can then be designed on the basis of the information gathered to optimise the amount of tourism revenue generated; - improve how the tourism sector is organised and boost the effectiveness of public policies; - provide information on the types of investments and public and private financing required to meet tourists requirements; - gain a clearer understanding of employment in the tourism sector and the related training requirements; - design economic simulations and forecasts based on measurements of the interaction between tourism and other sectors of the economy. For example, the TSA can be used to assess the contribution made by tourism to GDP and employment. Similarly, it can be used to assess the impact of a shock (e.g. economic crisis, natural disaster, strikes, etc.) on tourism consumption on a product-by-product basis. The main users of the TSA are the government bodies responsible for tourism and who use the information gathered in the TSA to shape suitable policies. Private bodies and associations in the tourism sector also use the TSA to gather key information on how the sector should be run. Internal tourism consumption Internal tourism consumption (ITC) is a core concept of the Tourism Satellite Account. It measures: - the consumption of French and foreign visitors (tourists and same-day visitors alike); - during and when preparing for trips to or from France; - with suppliers of services and/or consumer goods resident in France. In terms of the field of application for consumer goods, the country of residence of suppliers always coincides with the country where the goods were consumed. In particular, goods imported and resold to visitors (residents and non-residents) by importers themselves or other commercial brokers are also counted as part of internal tourism consumption as their purchase has a direct impact on the French economy. Regarding international transport services and the services provided by tour operators and travel agencies, the resident criteria for service providers means that the services supplied by French companies are included in internal tourism consumption while those supplied by foreign companies are excluded. For example, a French tourist buys a package tour to a foreign destination from a French tour operator (by going to the travel agency or by visiting the internet site). The tour comprises the outbound flight with a French airline, a period of stay in a foreign hotel and an inbound flight with a foreign airline; France s internal tourism consumption therefore includes the price of the outbound ticket billed by the French airline and the total mark-up made by the French tour operator; it does not include the cost of the stay abroad (even if the hotel belongs to a French group) and the price of the inbound journey billed by the foreign airline to the tour operator. Internal tourism consumption is the sum of: - domestic tourism consumption, which measures the consumption of visitors that are resident in France; - inbound tourism consumption, which measures the tourism consumption in France of non-resident visitors. 1 Tourism Satellite Account: Recommended Methodological Framework (TSA: RMF 2008). 36 Tourism Satellite Account 2012

37 Glossary Internal tourism consumption, which measures the tourism consumption in France of resident and non-resident visitors, comprises the following: - expenditure on tourism characteristic services, defined as: paid tourist accommodation (hotels, campsites, gîtes, holiday residences, etc.); restaurants and cafés; non-urban passenger transport services; short-term equipment rentals; tour operator and travel agency services; cultural, sporting and leisure activities; - other tourism expenditure (tolls, fuel, food and drink, souvenirs, gifts, certain durable goods such as pleasure boats, etc.); - accommodation services associated with vacation homes used by the owners or their beneficiaries for holiday or leisure purposes (e.g. at the weekend). No rent is actually paid in return for these services. However, according to the general principles of the national accounting system, they are part of household consumption, and more specifically of tourism consumption. In keeping with the UNWTO s recommendations, accommodation services associated with vacation homes are by convention valued based on the average annual rental price of comparable main residences (e.g. based on the location, size and degree of comfort) without taking into account how long they are actually occupied in the year. Internal tourism expenditure Internal tourism expenditure (ITE) is the portion of internal tourism consumption acquired in return for payment either by visitors themselves (the most frequent case) or by third parties representing them. The latter includes: - expenditure by companies or government bodies in relation to their employees business travel costs. Business travel is classified as taking place outside the employees usual environment but excludes daily travel to and from the workplace; - total or partial financing of services by governments or non-profit making associations as part of their social policy, e.g. reductions given to disabled persons or large families when travelling by rail; - trips paid for by parents or friends. Usual environment Usual environment is based on several criteria: - length of the trip; - distance between the home and the destination; - frequency of the trip. These criteria are factored in to varying degrees on a country-by-country basis, particularly based on the country s surface area. There is therefore no one definition of usual environment. By convention, daily travel to and from the workplace or place of study are classified as the usual environment. In contrast, travel to a vacation home is always classed as being outside the usual environment. Visitor A visitor is a traveller who travels outside his/her usual environment, thus falling within the tourism scope. The reason for the journey may be personal (e.g. for leisure or health purposes, to visit relatives, etc.), professional (e.g. for a work assignment or to attend a training course, seminar, congress, etc.) or both. There are two types of visitors: - tourists, who spend at least one night (and less than one year) at the place visited; - same-day visitors who do not spend a night at the place visited. For practical reasons, the French system of tourism statistics uses the following criteria: - a tourist is a visitor who spends at least one night (and less than one year) away from home; - a same-day visitor makes a round trip of over 100 kilometres from his/her home in the same day (distance covered by road). Cross-border day trips are also counted, regardless of their distance (except round trips for work or studies which do not fall within the tourism scope). Tourism Satellite Account

38 Futher reading Mémento du tourisme, 2013 Edition, DGCIS, november Key facts on Tourism, 2013 Edition, DGCIS, november cles13_gb.pdf Bilan du tourisme en 2012, DGCIS, july Bilan du tourisme été 2013, DGCIS, november Similar publications Les hébergements touristiques en 2012 : la fréquentation se maintient grâce à la clientèle étrangère, Le 4 pages de la Dgcis n 24, DGCIS, april Le tourisme des Français en 2012 : autant de voyages, mais plus courts, Le 4 pages de la Dgcis n 27, DGCIS, july Avec 83 millions d arrivées en 2012, le tourisme international reste porteur pour le France, Le 4 pages de la Dgcis n 28, DGCIS, july Le compte satellite du tourisme , DGCIS, november Reviews Le 4 pages de conjoncture hôtelière, DGCIS, 8 issues per year. Tableau de bord du tourisme, DGCIS, bimonthly Tourism Satellite Account 2012

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40 tourisme This report provides an overview of the Tourism Satellite Account In keeping with the recommendations issued by the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), it places particular emphasis on a detailed analysis of internal tourism consumption (ITC) which measures total expenditure by French and foreign visitors to France at resident suppliers. In 2012, ITC accounted for 7.3% of GDP. Totalling 149bn, it was 3% higher than the 2011 figure.