Amateur-Built Aircraft Safety Record Brian Poole

Transcription

1 Amateur-Built Aircraft Safety Record Brian Poole Office of Accident Investigation Federal Aviation Administration

2 What is an Amateur-Built Aircraft?

3 Airworthiness Certificate Types Standard - Normal - Utility - Acrobatic - Transport Special - Experimental - Restricted - Limited - Provisional - Special Flight - Primary Category

4 Experimental Aircraft Experimental certificates are issued for the following purposes: Operating Amateur-Built Aircraft Exhibition Air Racing Research and Development Crew Training of Applicant s s Flight Crew Showing Compliance with Regulations Market Surveys

5 Amateur-Built Aircraft Definition FAR Section (g) An Aircraft, the major portion of which has been fabricated and assembled by person(s) who undertook the construction project solely for their own education or recreation.

6 Advisory Circular No: 20-27D 27D Certification and Operation of Amateur- Built Aircraft 6/22/1990--Provides guidance concerning the building, certification, and operation of amateur-built aircraft.

7 Other Related Advisory Circulars AC No: 90-89A Amateur-Built Aircraft & Ultralight Flight Testing Handbook (5/14/1995) AC No: Commercial Assistance During Construction of Amateur-Built Aircra (4/31/1996) AC No: The Ultralight Vehicle (1/30/1984)

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12 Ultralight Vehicle Used for manned operation in air by single occupant Used for recreation or sport purposes Does not have airworthiness certificate Unpowered - Less than 155 pounds Powered - weighs less than 254 pounds - fuel capacity less than or equal to 5 U.S. gallons - calibrated airspeed not greater than 55 knots at full power at level flight - power-off off stall speed not greater than 24 knots

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15 Light Sport Aircraft Proposal Maximum of 2 occupants 1,232 pounds (560Kg) maximum certified takeoff weig 39-knot stall speed using lift enhancing devices and 44-knot stall speed without such devices 115 knot maximum operating speed Single non-turbine powered engine Fixed landing gear

16 How many Amateur-Built Aircraft are out there?

17 Total Certificated Amateur-Built Aircraft As of January 1, ,000 25,000 Total Aircraft 20,000 15,000 10,000 5, Year

18 Aircraft 1,600 1,400 1,200 1, Amateur-Built Aircraft Certificated by Year Year

19 Total Aircraft Annual New U.S. Manufactured General Aviation Unit Shipments Total Factory Shipments Year

20 Factory Net Billings (millions) Annual New U.S. Manufactured General Aviation Unit Billings (Millions) Total Factory Billings Year

21 How Much Flying Do Amateur-Built Aircraft Do?

22 Amateur-Built Aircraft Total Hours Flow Hours in Thousands ce: General Aviation & Air Taxi Survey Year

23 Average Hours Flown Per Year Amateur-Built Aircraft Average Hours Flown Per Year ce: General Aviation & Air Taxi Survey Year

24 WHAT IS AN AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT?

25 Aircraft Accident: An Occurrence Associated With the Operation of an Aircraft Which Takes Place Between the Time Any Person Boards the Aircraft With the Intention of Flight and Until Such Time as All Such Persons Have Disembarked, and in Which Any Person Suffers Death or Serious Injury,, or in Which the Aircraft Receives Substantial Damage

26 Serious Injury: An Injury Which (1) Requires Hospitalization for More Than 48 Hours, Commencing Within 7 Days From the Date the Injury Was Received; (2) Results in a Fracture of Any Bone (Except Simple Fractures of Fingers, Toes, or Nose); (3) Causes Severe Hemorrhages, Nerve, Muscle or Tendon Damage; (4) Involves Any Internal Organ; or (5) Involves Second or Third Degree Burns or Any Burns Affecting More Than 5 Percent of the Body Surface

27 Substantial Damage: Damage or Failure Which Adversely Affects the Structural Strength, Performance, or Flight Characteristics of the Aircraft, and Which Would Normally Require Major Repair or Replacement of the Affected Component. Engine Failure or Damage Limited to an Engine Cowling, Dented Skin, Small Punctured Holes in the Skin Fabric, Ground Damage to Rotor or Propeller Blades, and Damage to Landing Gear, Wheels, Tires, Flaps, Engine Accessories, Brakes, or Wingtips are not Considered Substantial Damage

28 Other Definitions Fatal Accident--Aircraft accident in which a fatality occurs Fatality--An occurrence where death results within 3 days of the accident Incident--An occurrence, other than an accident, associated with the operation of an aircraft which affect or could affect the safety of operations

29 General Aviation Accidents Number of Accidents Year

30 General Aviation Fatal Accidents Number of Accidents Year

31 General Aviation Fatalities Number of Fatalities Year

32 General Aviation Accident Rate For Hours Flown Accidents Per 100,000 Hours Year

33 General Aviation Accident Rates by Purpose of Flight Accidents Per 100,000 Hours Personal Aerial Application All GA Instruction Business Corporate Year

34 Amateur-Built Aircraft Accidents Number of Accidents Year

35 Year 100 Amateur-Built Aircraft Fatal Accidents Number of Accidents

36 Amateur-Built Aircraft Fatalities Number of Accidents Year

37 Accidents Per 100,000 Hours Amateur-Built & General Aviation Accident Rates Amateur-Built General Aviation Year

38 Amateur-Built & General Aviation Fatal Accident Rates Accidents Per 100,000 Hours Amateur-Built General Aviation Year

39 Amateur-Built Aircraft Accidents Accidents Fatal Accidents Fatalities Source: NTSB

40 Unregistered Amateur-Built Aircraft Acciden Accidents Fatal Accidents Fatalities Source: NTSB

41 Comparison of Amateur-Built and General Aviation Accident Rates for 2001 Amateur- Built General Aviation Active Aircraft 21, ,000 Flight Hours (000) ,220 Accidents Accident Rate per 100,000 Aircraft Hours Fatal Accidents Fatal Accident Rate per 100,000 Aircraft Hours

42 Amateur-Built Aircraft Accidents Top 10 States California 221 Florida 185 Texas 134 Washington 78 Oregon 73 Arizona 71 Michigan 68 Colorado 67 Ohio 56 Wisconsin 55

43 Amateur-Built Aircraft Accidents Ten Most Common Aircraft Involved Aircraft Type Number of Accidents KITFOX 90 RV-6 81 PITTS 68 LANCAIR 55 RV-4 48 GLASAIR 48 AVID FLYER 45 KR-2 41 LONG-EZ 40 VARI-EZ 39 ROTORWAY EXEX 90 37

44 Amateur-Built Aircraft Accidents by Month January February March April May June July August September October November December

45 Amateur-Built Aircraft Accidents Type of Flight Plan Type of Flight Plan NONE 95 IFR 1 VFR 2 OTHER Percent of Accidents

46 ondition of Light Amateur-Built Aircraft Accidents Condition of Light and Type of Weather Daylight 96 Night Dawn/Dusk 1 2 of Weather VMC 98 IMC Percent of Accidents

47 Amateur-Built Aircraft Accidents Pilot Age Pilot Age or older Percent of Accidents

48 Amateur-Built Aircraft Accidents Pilot Total Time t Total Time (Hours) or more Percent of Accidents

49 Amateur-Built Aircraft Accidents Initial Phase of Accident Unknown Taxi Takeoff Standing Other Maneuvering Landing Hover Descent Cruise Climb Approach

50 Amateur-Built Aircraft Accidents Breakdown of Broad Cause Aircraft Propulsion System and Controls - 84 Flight Control System Airframe - 86 Landing Gear - 57 Systems/Equipment/Instruments - 18 Environment Weather - 42 Light Conditions - 0 Object (Trees, Wires, Etc.) - 6 Airport/Airways Facilities, Aids - 4 Terrain/Runway Condition - 72 Personnel Pilot Others (Aboard) - 5 Others (Not Aboard) - 196

51 Characteristics of Amateur-Built Aircraft Accidents 20% occur during the first two flights Daylight - VFR No flight plan Summertime - good weather Older pilots Less experienced pilots 50% lack of familiarization with aircrarft

52 25 to 50 percent of new homebuilts suffer from reduced power or engine stoppage during their first 10 flight hours. *Source: Sport Aviation--January 2003