TOURISTIC LANDSCAPE AND GEOSITES FROM OZANA - TOPOLIŢA (NEAMT) DEPRESSION. Abstract

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1 Department of Geography. Valahia University of Targoviste Annals of Valahia University of Targoviste. Geographical Series Tome 15/2015 Issues 1: TOURISTIC LANDSCAPE AND GEOSITES FROM OZANA - TOPOLIŢA (NEAMT) DEPRESSION Constantin Ionuţ BARBU, Oana Nicoleta DRUGAN University Alexandru Ioan Cuza Iasi Boulevard Carol I, 20 A, , Iasi, Roumania constantin_ionut_barbu@yahoo.com, oanadrugan@yahoo.com, Abstract In the current period, when tourism has become a major social, economic and even political, both national and international, the tourism potential need for knowledge and rational utilizing is required increasingly more. The determination of tourism potential by quantitative methods preoccupied many specialists, the results being helpful actions systematization tourism planning, appropriate arrangements and potential value respectively. In a general sense, the tourist potential of a territory is defined as all natural elements economic and culturalhistorical, representing some possibilities for tourism, giving a specific functionality for tourism and is a premise for tourism development. One area interests in terms of tourism potential, to the extent that it provides natural or anthropic tourism resources, whose recovery, using complex arrangement can cause a tourism activity and inclusion that territory in the internal and international tourist circuit. Modern activity, with high perspectives and expectations, tourism is the most well-shaped footprint in Neamt Depression, in the tourist image of Moldova, from the country or, why not, even abroad, regardless of the period to which we refer as a result of the multitude of tourist attraction that are found in this area. This brand of tourism in the study area is given the multitude of natural sights (bison and Fauna Reserve Carpathian "Dragos Voda" good quality ground water that have therapeutic properties) but mostly because of anthropogenic tourist attractions: monasteries (monastery Neamt, Secu, Agapia, etc.), museums and memorial houses (Folk Art Museum Nicolae PopaTârpesti, Ion Creanga Memorial House, Michael Sadoveanu, Alexander Vlahuţa). This framework for developing a quality tourism has led to development of the area in terms of tourism and these objectives are capitalizing in an appropriate manner, and tourism is a very important activity for Neamt Depression economy in this sectoral ready operating many people in accommodation units (hotels, rural locations) restaurants. Keywords: Neamt Depression, tourist attractions, tourism recovery, cultural tourism, Neamt Country. 1. INTRODUCTION The term tourism, English original (the French Connection) with basic meaning outing extended faction for a wide range of economic activities in order detente and the need to escape from daily urban conditions continued growth in living standards. In opinion of Valsan (1936) action to travel in time and space are irrelevant material, but only in physical or intellectual purpose meaning to acquire good cheer, health and culture it is called tourism (Ielenicz&Comanescu, 2009). Hunziker and Krapf (1942) first defined tourism as a sum of relationships and phenomena resulting from the movement and stay of people out of their homes as long as the movement and stay there they are motivated by a permanent establishment and some gainful activity (Comanescu, 2009). 51

2 According to UNWTO (1991) tourism represents the activities carried out by a person who travels outside his usual environment for an unspecified period whose main purpose is other than the journey give perform a paid activity within the place visited. Tourism is known as one of the largest industries. Their revenue has significant importance in the economies of many countries and is one of the most manufacturing jobs. The landscape is defined as a part of nature that forms a complex artistic and caught a glance. The landscape defined etymologically consists of myriad traits, characteristics, forms a territory of a region or a country. Landscape is an image of a whole composed of dynamic elements, each with their own expression and its general context. It is a very common term used to designate a portion of the land area characterized by specific geographical features, natural or human. The landscape is visual projection of psychological relationship that man has with where one lives (Lucian Drăgut ). From the point of view of the French geographer R Brunet landscape is appearance and representation: an arrangement of objects visible, charged topic through its own filters. 2. METHODOLOGY The complexity of the investigations necessary knowledge of the geographical area in a given region requires the use of differentiated depending on the situation and the research phase of a large number of methods. Among the methods of thing I used are: observation, analysis, deductive and inductive method, synthesis, statistical and mathematical methods, graphic methods and maps. Documentation of the means that were used in making the research is: - Bibliographic sources of literature from Romania and abroad; - Questionnaires applied the accommodation establishments of tourists, local and county authorities, local travel agencies in the area and the country; - Cartographic documents. - Site ANTREC INS. In compiling this article we used modern means of processing and graphic and cartographic materials to illustrate how suggestive information: Philcarto, SPSS, Corel Draw X6, Adobe Illustrator, Excel. 3. CONTENT 3.1. Geographic and morphometric characteristics Ozana Topolita Depression is part of Moldavian Subcarpathians, representing the northernmost section of this physical-geographical whole. Physical and geographical demarcation of depression can be made quite clear in the west, north and south, while in the east, where contact with the Moldavian Plateau is achieved gradually and thus less trenchant. The northern and north-eastern limit is given by Pleşului Hill with a maximum altitude of 911 m in Ceardac Hill, north of Neamt Monastery, which descends towards south east to 531m. On the eastern border is the Stânişoara Mountains, old evident both geologically and morphologically. Limit southern and south - eastern saddle is given Bălţăteşti (538 m) and several heights Horns Hill (Ghindăul 576 m, Dumbrăvioara 551 m, Coarnele Berbecului 469 m and Luparia 452 m). In terms of establishing the eastern boundary with Moldova Plateau, this contact is more discreet because formations Sarmatian covers transgressive deposits salty Miocene Carpathian missing alignment of heights grafted anticline assets, which shut off the net Depression Neamt, communicating so broad with Siret corridors through the two "gates" open rivers and Topolita Neamt (Dimitriu, 2007). 52

3 Altitudes reach m in the central part, pointing out that there is a general inclination on V-NV - E-SE, as major rivers flowing. Thus floodplain has an absolute altitude of Neamţului its entry into depression approx. 480 m and the locality Blebea (15 km downstream) altitude down to approx. 350 m. In case of Topoliţei inclination is 490 m at the entrance to the river valley (village Filioara), 320 m (village Târpeşti) - a distance of 13 km. On most of the territory predominant relief sculptural expression in inter-shed tilts over 3 degrees, affected by the runoff and rains and landslides and falls. Altitude substrate depends on the lithological composition, exceeding 550 m in Brădăţel Hill (557 m), Osoiu Hill (550 m), Potter's Hill (490 m) and about 400 m down the hill and Hill Humuleşti Ocea The tourism potential landscapes and geosites More broadly, the tourist potential of a territory is all natural, economic and cultural - historical, showing some possibilities and tourist give a specific functionality for tourism and therefore prerequisites for tourism development. (Erdeli, 1996). A territory for tourists interested in as far as natural or man offers tourist resources, which are regarded as tourist attractions or tourist resources. The tourism potential of the two components of its tourist potential natural and anthropic tourism potential is a fundamental factor in tourism development. Its presence or absence is crucial in the development of tourism. It includes all factors of attraction belonging to the natural and anthropogenic exploited by tourist facilities and generating tourist flow to the country's indigenous or international moves to the country of destination where "consumers" in a peculiar fashion, tourism, tourism product, result in potential and planning. Figure 1. Touristic fund from Neamt Depression Modern activity, with prospects and high expectations, tourism is the most well defined footprint of Neamt Depression the tourist image of Moldova, the country or, why not, even from abroad, regardless of the period to which we refer as a result of the multitude of what are common sights in this space. 53

4 Obviously, such a brand image can not be based only on an exceptional tourism fund. If its entirety anthropogenic (monasteries, museums, memorial houses, Neamt Fortress) are well known and presented very well in a broad range of studies in different fields (geography, history etc.), those belonging to the natural environment they were rarely discussed, which are of great importance (mineral waters). They have an almost continuous presence on the internal side Pleşu Peak and in contact with the mountain's western basin. These waters chlorine - sulphides are currently capitalized only spa resorts in Bălţăteşti and Oglinzi. The first steps more organized that took into account the mineral waters from Bălţăteşti those in 1810 and belonging to the former owner of the estates, Prince Cantacuzino. However until then these waters were carried by the barrels of Văratec and Agapia monasteries in Targu Neamt and even where they were used to treat rheumatism. In 1839 some initial chemical analysis of water from three springs flow and consistent analyzes the former owner builds a house with 24 rooms and eight offices treatment, each equipped with two tubs. After the prince's death and until the Second World War, the resort has several owners, and with the advent of communism was nationalized. After 1993 the resort was taken over by the Ministry of Defence which was concerned with refurbishing the complex balneology and medical rehabilitation of equipment and the provision of good quality health facilities, and improving the comfort of accommodation. Being situated on the northern tip Neamt Depression, but taking in terms of Targu Neamt administrative, Oglinzi resort has less importance although the waters here have qualities similar to those of Bălţăteşti. Water analysis here was made later, until 1856 and the results have made the City Council of the city Neamt at the time to seek government funds and health professionals to establish a second resorts in Neamt Depression (only in 1888). Currently, two resorts annually treats thousands of people who are staying in accommodation units of type hotel or guesthouse. The large number of annual registered accommodation gives a certain touch regarding groundwater quality in the area. Natural tourism potential of this area is emphasized by the Vanatori Neamt Nature Park. Occurrence relatively new landscape protected areas, Vanatori Neamt Nature Park was established in 1999 as a natural park, the area of hectares, of which 26,300 hectares of forestry. Vanatori Neamt Nature Park is located in north county Neamt, Suceava bordering the villages Crăcăoani, Agapia, Vanatori Neamt, the Targu Neamt and resorts Bălţăteşti and Oglinzi. The current legislative framework defines natural parks as "protected areas whose purpose is the protection and preservation of landscape piles in which the interaction of human activities with nature over time has created a distinct area with significant value landscape and / or cultural, often with a high biological diversity "(L.462 / 2001). In the Vanatori Neamt Nature Park includes four major protected areas, namely: Silver Forest, Codri brazen nature reserve Braniştea bison and Fauna Reserve and Carpathian "Dragos Voda". Antroposits are dominant cultural objectives: These types of cultural sights are dominant. The components of this category of goals came gradually in the tourist area on the far manifestation of the tendency of modern man knows himself by knowing the most representative achievements of humanity, or of communities, from ancient times until today. This is needed especially by components belonging to historical times by causing emotional impact for symbolic achievements of the past are all milestones in the formation of the current Romanian civilization (Dumitriu, 2007). Entry into the area of interest and then sightseeing tour devoted to some destinations, the result as of civilization and culture is marked in Romania since the second half of the nineteenth century, when religious settlement and some places become places of interest for tourism elitist (N. Ciangă, 2001). The phenomenon is increasing in the interwar period and especially in the last half of the last century, with a double impact: the entrance to the area of interest of more and more types of manmade sights and involvement of a growing number of people belonging to human categories 54

5 varied. This important component of the tourism potential and has made such a vital contribution to the individualization of mass tourism, another feature of the current times. Tourist attractiveness of all objectives anthropic has a complex connotation. This is needed especially by components belonging to historical times by causing emotional impact for symbolic achievements of the past are all milestones in the formation of the current Romanian civilization. The objectives themselves represent actual achievements which structural features (size and construction material used, style, shape, color, ornament) assigns attributes such as uniqueness or originality, novelty, all result from the solution of building or presentation, whether that location INT context emphasizes natural or man valences (Dumitriu, 2007).. Another detail that should not be neglected is the seniority, of belonging to a certain era social-historical because it knew another feature of modern man, that of finding often moral support in escaping in a last thought, often as ideal or inspiration, creation, or knowledge. Environment anthropic tourism (Table 1) is as important as the environment physicogeographical the exploitation of its tourist being highlighted in this view by the wide variety of elements from the activities of the organization and arrangement of space, the creativity people over time and continue their multiplication and diversification, with the increase in population. Anthropic tourism potential includes the historical, religious, cultural, economic (with attractive attributes), monuments, ethnographic tourism assets (Letos, 2011). Among the sights anthropogenic trademark of Neamt Depression can identify monasteries museums and memorial houses and Neamt Fortress. Table 1. Anthropogenic sights from Neamt Depression Nr. City Museums and fortresses Monasteries Memorial houses 1. Tg. Neamt Neamt Fortress Museum of History and Ethnography Mausoleum monument of the mountain Monastery Sf. Mina Ion Creangă Memorial House Veronica Micle Memorial House 2. Vânători Hermitage Icons Nine Hermitage Icon Hermitage Pocrov Neamt Monastery Hermitage Vovidenia Hermitage Niphon Hermitage Dobru Secu Monastery Hermitage Piciorul Crucii Hermitage Monastery Hermitage Daniel Hermit 3 Târpeşti Folk Art Museum "Nicolae Popa" 4 Grumăzeşti Brădăţel Monastery 5 Agapia Monastery Agapia Veche Monastery Agapia Nouă Monastery Văratec Monastery Sihla 3.3. Accommodation facilities Mihail Sadoveanu Memorial house If the fund natural and anthropogenic tourism is remarkable, whether the "brand image" 1 exists and functions, it is important to know the degree of tourist equipment Neamt Depression within its basic tourist accommodation taking first place. (Dimitriu, 2007). 1 This is the most important aspect, even through the spending they call her training such example of building a brand for some regions and countries without great ambitions tourist (Tunisia, United Arab Emirates), is illustrative in this respect. 55

6 From this point of view it should be marked with its own particular structural features Neamţ Depression, which totaled at the end of 2012, 63 accommodation units and a number of accommodation places With pavilions separated the pilgrimage, especially for accommodation of pilgrims, the most important available space arranged in this respect have monasteries Secu (351 seats) and Hermitage (196 seats), while the Neamt are 100 seats, at Bălţăteşti 55 seats and Văratec 40 seats. This accommodation has an important share, about 25% of the total accommodation places from the depression. (Fig. 2) Compared to the national structure, the Figure 2. Neamt Depression. The number and structure of tourist accommodation establishments in 2012 representation of hotels is greatly diminished percentage (59.8% nationally, compared to 38% in the basin), but this figure is due overwhelmingly to resort spas Bălţăteşti that it holds 77.6% of the total number of hotel accommodation within Neamt Depression. Overall, the dimensions mean a hotel is 57 rooms or 114 seats, but to resort Bălţăteşti reaching 71 rooms and 142 seats (the largest hotels are "Bălţăteşti and Cristina with a total of 104 rooms and 208 seats). 3. Romania. Structure of accommodation capacity in 2012 Figură 4. Neamt Depression. Structure of accommodation capacity in 2012; Data source: INS, 2013 Camps for students accumulate 7% of the accommodation capacity of the basin, while nationally this accommodation has a share of 12.8%. But this type of accommodation structure has only one representative, the mirror camp, which has a structure of 37 rooms and 200 accommodation places. Tourist guesthouses have looked for throughout most of the number of tourist accommodation establishments (74%) and 33% the number of beds. Compared with the situation at national level this structure is superior accommodations national share (20.2%). Roadside inns that are intended for a local costumers, have a higher percentage of their share nationally (3% for the analyzed territory respectively to 0.2% for territory nationally). This percentage is given by the two inns are located in Vânători (Bear Inn in Vanatori and Rustic Inn in Figure 5. Neamt Depression - Number and structure of accommodation in

7 Lunca Village). Category with a 7% comprising other accommodation which are found only at the national level consists of hostels, campsites and cottage type units. General trend upward all components of materials that contribute to the development of tourism activities reached until 1995 to build a base of accommodation is not very complex and large dimensions, 1,265 seats in the area Neamt Depression, 208 in Bălţăteşti, 110 Tg. Neamt, 20 in Vanatori Neamt, 240 in Oglinzi Resort and 40 seats in Agapia. These are concentrated in 10 places of accommodation in each locality mentioned above: three hotels, one motel, a tourist stop, one camp school and preschool and 4 xenodochium for the accommodation of pilgrims. After more than 17 years in 2012, is an increase in tourism in general and the material base of the accommodation in particular. It was 2967 seats, of which 392 in Oglinzi, 419 in Targu Neamt, 899 in Vanatori (of which 647 were monasteries) in Bălţăteşti 849, 320 in Agapia. The total number of units reached in of which 19 in Agapia, 14 in the Targu Neamt, 10 Bălţăteşti and Vanatori and in Oglinzi is 6 units. These units are distributed as follows: eight hotels, a motel, two inns, 46 boarding houses, a school and preschool camp and 5 units xenodochium related monasteries (Fig. 5). In the period based tourist accommodation has increased significantly, as shown above, but this trend was not linear, but the period after 2000 is characterized by very pronounced acceleration, between the temporary terminal growth number of bed places is 1,511 seats. The downward trend until 2000 (Figure 6) is determined by reducing the number of places in hotels (the case of Hotel Oglinzi, from 96 to 52 places) and the destruction of establishments, as is the case of Branişte Halt that work with 40 seats. Route ascendant subsequently due to opening of new hotels, big hotels (hotels Bălţăteşti and Targu Neamt that have an accommodation capacity high Topolita, Narcisa, Cristina, Ozana) or reopening of accommodation units (Hotel Trust Doina Targu Neamt). The density of the accommodation compared to the physical and geographical area of the study area is quite satisfactory, being 16.7 places / km2 in From dimensionally, based accommodation Neamt Depression now covers the majority of units with a capacity of at least 10 seats (56%), especially boarding, while large units (less than 50 seats) and very large Figure 6.Neamt Depression - Dimensional development of tourist accommodation base in period Data source: INS Neamt, 2013 Figure 7. Neamt Depression - dimensional structure of the tourist accommodation (2012) Data source: INS Neamt (over 100 seats), hotels and guesthouses with great accommodation capacity, cumulative 14% and 9% of total accommodation places (Fig. 7). 57

8 3.4. Touristic traffic In this framework of Neamt Depression was a pretty tortuous dynamics of tourist traffic. The average number of tourist arrivals in the period is per year. This average is exceeded in 8 of the 18 years taken into account (ie 2002, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012). Figure 8. Tourist traffic dynamics in the period from Neamt Depression If we consider just the past six years, years with high tourist traffic, you'll notice a downward trend, from tourists registered in 2007 (maximum value for the space study analyzed range) to in (Fig. 8) The explanation for this development is complex and somewhat of developments in the general level of living, with facilities and materials pricing policy practiced by Romanian tourism providers (compared to those in neighboring countries). Particularly important are more frequent and migration of youth and young adults abroad, they are the main age group that supplying the flow of tourists. On the other hand the general trend of tourist traffic throughout the program period is attributed facilities all best of accommodation establishments and on behalf putting into service of hotels large, which attract many tourists, which can be seen from "explosion" in the number of tourists in accommodation establishments registered after Also, this trend can be recorded and put on account of returning people left to work abroad and who can afford to spend a holiday in the area such as Neamt Depression. From the structural point of view, for the whole period romanian tourists held a clear majority, averaging 96%, the minimum amount of data string belonging to 2007, the percentage dropped to 94%, offset by a real increase in the number of tourists foreigners (from 613 in to 1507 in 2007). The most numerous tourists arriving in Neamt Depression from abroad (Figure 9) are Italians (17.7%, about 105 annually linked to external migration of the locals especially in this country), followed by French (14 3%, which became a majority in last 5 years) and Moldova (13.9%). Tourists from the United States of America (5.2%) and Israel 58 Figure 9. Origin of foreign tourists arriving in Neamt Depression in the period Source: INS Neamt Figure 10, Origin of foreign tourists arriving in Romania in the period Source: INS

9 (5%) is a little more special category, because they have Romanian roots most of these visitors (Dumitriu, 2008). Regarding the structure of flows of foreign tourists own Neamt Depression, there is a distinction obvious to the whole territory of Romania (Fig. 10), the main countries providing tourists are neighboring countries with Moldova posture main supplier (24%) while Italy is this time a much less important with only 3.6% of all foreign tourists arriving in Romania. Mobility movement seen through an average length of stay has analyzed the global range of 5.5 nights / tourist (Fig. 11). This figure is quite high mainly due to the contribution of the resort Bălţăteşti (13.9 nights / tourist) and Oglinzi Camp (3.5 nights / tourist). If we exclude these two cases we reach more than half (2.2 nights / tourist). In the case of Romanian tourists stay is slightly above average, which is 5.7 nights / tourist, but it reduces sense if we consider only tourists from abroad (1.8 nights / tourist). At a more detailed level of analysis, taking into account the countries that provide the most important streams depression, it notes the existence of a longer stay for tourists coming from the United States (2.9 nights / tourist) and Italian (2.6 nights / tourist). Much less is the average length of stay for the Dutch (1.7 nights / tourist), French (1.3 nights / tourist), Israelis (1.5 nights / tourist), and for the citizens of Rep. Moldova (1.2 nights / tourist) (Dumitriu, 2007). Figure 11. Neamt Depression. The evolution of the tourist in the period CONCLUSIONS Tourist capitalization of a settlement or a territory means recovery of the tourism product, which is the main subject of exchange within the tourism economy and comprises a complex of goods and services characterized by a diversified distribution as compared qualitatively and quantitatively in time and space (Muntele&Iatu, 2006). The dynamics of tourism activities shall be entered in a register and continuously ascending stages over two centuries, both in terms of areas which gradually came under tourism; the "resources" interest introduced into the recovery, material base, intensity and complexity of tourist traffic. The long and enduring popularity of the Romanian space, especially intra and extradepression settlements favored the development of a complex and original material and spiritual culture. It is distinguished by objective historical and architecture reflecting the level of development at a time, especially in periods of maximum ascent of the area and culture, or the need for self-preservation required by historical factors of external pressure, concretion in goals (fortified) today become tourist attractions (Cianga, 1998). 59

10 Problems turning tourist territory, are matters of geography applied Tourism responding to the social order of our time, referring to systematize tourism urban and rural settlements, the organization of tourism planning, the problems of ecology tourism respectively in mind both protection against pollution tourism fund after artificiality and tehnicization complex nature and environment of cultural elements and pollution resulting from tourism tourist traffic. Recovery resources complex made travel through a material base which gradually increased both in volume and punch regard to structures. The problems facing the development of this activity are common characteristic of much larger areas of our country: the poor state of the transport system infrastructure, lack of modern facilities on one side of the property. Undoubtedly, tourism by its entire local (cultural and historical pilgrimage, agro tourism, holiday resort) is an alternative lot for Neamt Depression economy. Wealth that the area has not even remotely exploited properly, so an upward trend of valuing this precious tourism potential is expected and desirable. REFERENCES Apostol L, 2004, Clima Subcarpaţilor Moldovei [Climate Subcarpathians Moldova], Edit. Univ.Ştefan cel Mare Suceava, Suceava; Arsene R, 2008, Studiu turistic geografic şi management turistic al staţiunii Braşov,[ Travel and tourism management geographic study of Brasov resort] Universitatea din Bucureşti, Facultatea de Geografie, Şcoala Doctorală Simion Mehedinţi [University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography, Doctoral School Simion Mehedinti] Barbu C.I, 2009, Munţii Stânişoarei. Studiu de geografie a turismului Lucrare licenţă, Universitatea Al. Ioan Cuza, Iaşi, Facultatea de Geografie şi Geologie, Specializarea Geografie Barbu C.I., 2011, Migraţia internaţională a populaţiei oraşului Tg Neamţ. Lucrare de disertaţie, Universitatea Al. I. Cuza, Iaşi, Facultatea de Geografie şi Geologie, Master Turism şi Dezvoltare Regională, Specializarea Dezvoltare Regională [Stânişoarei Mountains. Study geography of tourism - license work Al. I. Cuza, Iaşi, Faculty of Geography and Geology, University Tourism and Regional Development, Department for Regional Development] Carp O, 1998, Cercetări comparate privind fauna cinegetică actuală şi cea caracteristică holocenului din Depresiunea Neamţ, Lucrare de gradul I Facultatea de Biologie Iaşi [Comparative research on the current and the feature game fauna Holocene Depression Neamt Work Faculty of Biology degree Iaşi]; Ciangă N, 2001, România. Geografia turismului (Partea întâi) [Romania. Tourism Geography (Part One)], Edit. Presa Universitară Clujeană, Cluj-Napoca; Ciangă N, 1998, Turismul din Carpaţii Orientali-Studiu de geografie umană [Tourism Eastern Carpathians study human geography], Edit. Presa Universitară Clujeană, Cluj-Napoca; Comanescu L, 2009, Potentialul turistic natural al Romaniei [Romania's natural touristic potential], Edit Credis, Bucuresti Davidescu G., Onofrei T., 1998, Oraşul Tg Neamţ şi împrejurimile. Natură om turism [Targu Neamt city and surroundings. Nature - man - tourism], Edit. Egal, Bacău Dimitriu R., 2007, Depresiunea Neamţului. Studiu de geografie umană [Neamt Depression. Study of Human Geography], Edit. Universităţii Al. I. Cuza, Iaşi; Dimitriu R., 2008, O analiză cantitativăa turismului din Depresiunea Neamţului [A quantitative analysis of tourism in Neamt Depression], Edit. Universităţii Al. I. Cuza; Ielenicz I. & Comanescu L, 2009, Romania - Potential turistic [Roumania - Touristic potential], Edit.Universitara, Bucuresti Letos (Harabagiu) Cristina, 2011, Interacțiuni geosistemice generate de activitățile turistice în Depresiunea Ozana-Topolița Teză doctorat: [ PhD Thesis: Interactions Geosistema generated by tourism activities in the Depression Ozana-Topolita] Universitatea Al. I. Cuza Iași Luca G, 2008, Tîrgu Neamţ. Monografie [Tirgu Neamt. Monography], Edit. Constantin Matasă, Piatra Neamţ 60

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