Welcome to History 06 History of the Americas II Prof. Valadez
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Monroe Doctrine 1823 John Quincy Adams U.S. pledged to stay out of European affairs. European nations will not interfere with independent nations in the western hemisphere. New European colonization in the western hemisphere prohibited Foundation of U.S. Foreign policy
Washington Presidency 1789-1797
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Alexander Hamilton by John Trumbull, 1792 Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Thomas Jefferson by Rembrandt Peale, 1805 Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Election of 1800
Jacksonian Democracy Old Hickory man of the people End of property qualifications for voting Believed that the people should elect leaders at the nation level, senators, president Use of written ballot Democratization does not extend to women and African-Americans
Election of 1824
Election of 1824 First time the popular vote is used. John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson Jackson wins the popular vote John Quincy Adams becomes president
Election of 1828
The Election of 1828.
Map 9.2 The Market Revolution: Western Settlement, 1800-1820 Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition Copyright 2011 W.W. Norton & Company 18
Roads and Steamboats The Erie Canal Map 9.1 The Market Revolution: Roads and Canals, 1840 19
Railroads and the Telegraph 20
The Growth of Cities 21
Five Points District, artist unknown, c. 1829 Five Points District, artist unknown, c. 1829 Working-class neighborhoods like the infamous Five Points District in New York, shown in this anonymous 1829 picture, were filthy, unhealthy, and crime-ridden. Reformers sought to help by changing workers' habits and morals, but seldom addressed their economic plight. (Courtesy of Mr. and Mrs. Screven Lorillard. Photo by Josh Nefsky.) 22 Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
The Factory System 23
Age of Caudillos Latin America 1820s-1850s Caudillos= Dictators Politically: left or right Creoles, mestizos Personalism Hacienda patrons Replaced the viceroy 24
In 1816 Independence 1820s struggle Unitarios vs Federales Juan Manuel de Rosas, gaucho Landowner, conservative Fought for the federalists Economy: Cattle hide & tallow Salted jerked beef Argentina 1829-1852
ARGENTINA Buenos Aires dominates the country By 1830s Conservative government under Juan Manuel de Rosas Rosas's federalism favored the gauchos Campaigns against the Mapuches, natives of Patagonia Ousted by a coalition of his enemies in 1852.
Brazil Grito de Ipiranga 1822 Pedro I Emperor 1822-1831 Dissolves assembly Rewrites constitution 1824 War with Argentina over Uruguay in 1826, end Uruguay is free Pedro II 1830s Slavery agreement with U.K. 1826 Fazendeiro class
Uruguay Argentina-Brazil conflict, gain independence 1828 Jose Gervasio Artigas Economy: cattle 1839-1852 civil war Blancos, Manuel Oribe Colorados, Fructuoso Rivera
Paraguay Dr. Jose Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia, dictator 1814-1840 Nationalist Isolated the nation Eliminated old creole/spanish elite & confiscated Church wealth Redistribute land to small farmers Policy of intermarriage among the mestizos & Guarani Carlos Antonio Lopez Nationalist Opens trade with the world
Chile 1820s political chaos 1830s political stability lead to economic prosperity (copper), unlike neighbors Diego Portales, landowner 1836-1839 War against the confederation Peru/Bolivia 31
Bolivia Peru Union failed Mining industry stagnated High military budget 80% spoke Quechua General Andres Santa Cruz 1829 Peru-Bolivia Confederation Chile & Argentine against union Battle of Yungay, Chile wins 1823-1850 6 constitutions 30 presidents General Agustin Gamarra of Peru Economy: Guano: bird dung for fertilizer 32
Ecuador Columbia Gran Columbia 1821-1830 Quito, conservative v.s. Guayaquil, liberals Juan Jose Flores Supports the Church & elite Crushes Vicente Rocafuerte Rebellion 1833, frees him Rocafuerte president 1835 Liberal constitution Anticlerical Juan Jose Flores 1839-1845 in power Abolish constitution 1847-1861, 11 changes in govt. 1830s break up, no resistance Francisco de Paula Santander, liberal, 1832-1837 Fighting between conservative & liberals 33
Venezuela Jose Antonio Paez Economy: coffee price falls in 1840s 1848 Liberal Party overthrow Paez 1840-1860s civil war 34
Central America 1821 union with Mexico United Provinces of CA 1823-1837 Conservatives vs liberals Church-state relations Franciso Morazan, Honduran liberal land reform Church property 35
Political Fragmentation 36
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Caudillos Who was a caudillo?
Caudillo Leadership Constitution and republic Constitutions constantly re-written Federalism broke up large countries Greater Colombia = Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador Central American Republic
Brazil Maintained colonial institutions