NPS Form 10-900-b OMB No. 1024-0018 Revised Aug. 2002 Expires 12-31-2005 Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is for use in documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several contexts. See instructions in How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (National Register Bulletin 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information. For additional space, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer to complete all items. New Submission Amended Submission A. Name of Multiple Property Listing Railroads in Minnesota, 1862 1956 B. Associated Historic Contexts Railroad Development in Minnesota, 1862-1956 Railroads and Agricultural Development, 1870-1940 Urban Centers, 1870-1940 Minnesota Tourism and Recreation in the Lake Regions, 1870-1945 Northern Minnesota Lumbering, 1870-1930s Minnesota s Iron Ore Industry, 1880s-1945 C. Form Prepared By Name/Title: Andrew J. Schmidt/Project Manager, Co- Principal Investigator Andrea C. Vermeer/Historian Betsy H. Bradley/Architectural Historian Name/Title: Daniel R. Pratt/Co-Principal Investigator Organization: Summit Envirosolutions, Inc. Organization: ARCH 3, LLC Street & 1217 Bandana Blvd N. Street & Number: 1386 Idaho Ave W. Number: City or Town: St. Paul City or Town: St. Paul State: Minnesota State: Minnesota Zip Code: 55108 Zip Code: 55108 Telephone: 651.644.8080 Telephone: 651.308.8749 D. Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this documentation form meets the National Register documentation standards and sets forth requirements for the listing of related properties consistent with the National Register criteria. This submission meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60 and the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation. ( See continuation sheet for additional comments.) Signature and title of certifying official Date State or Federal Agency or Tribal Government I hereby certify that this multiple property documentation form has been approved by the National Register as a basis for evaluating related properties for listing in the National Register. Signature of the Keeper of the National Register Date of Action x see continuation sheet
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Section: Table of Contents Page 1 Railroads in Minnesota, 1862-1956 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR WRITTEN NARRATIVE Provide the following information on continuation sheets. Cite the letter and the title before each section of the narrative. Assign page numbers according to the instructions for continuation sheets in How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (National Register Bulletin 16B). Fill in page numbers for each section in the space below. Section Page Numbers SECTION E. STATEMENT OF HISTORIC CONTEXTS...5 I. RAILROAD DEVELOPMENT IN MINNESOTA, 1862-1956...5 SETTING THE STAGE: EARLY RAILROADS...5 THE GOLDEN AGE: 1865 THROUGH WORLD WAR I...7 COMPETITION BETWEEN TRANSPORTATION MODES, 1920-1956...17 RAILROAD ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE...21 II. CANADIAN NORTHERN RAILWAY COMPANY...30 INTRODUCTION...30 PREDECESSOR LINE: PORT ARTHUR DULUTH AND WESTERN RAILWAY COMPANY...31 ACQUISITIONS IN MINNESOTA...31 CANADIAN NATIONAL RAILWAY...34 III. CHICAGO AND NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY COMPANY...35 INTRODUCTION...35 ACQUISITIONS...35 CHICAGO AND NORTH WESTERN, 1870S-1904...41 CHICAGO AND NORTH WESTERN IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY...43 MINNEAPOLIS AND ST. LOUIS RAILWAY COMPANY...44 IV. CHICAGO BURLINGTON AND QUINCY RAILWAY COMPANY...50 INTRODUCTION...50 ACQUISITIONS...51 CHICAGO BURLINGTON AND QUINCY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY...51 V. CHICAGO GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY COMPANY...53 INTRODUCTION...53 PREDECESSOR LINES IN MINNESOTA...54 CHICAGO GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY COMPANY IN MINNESOTA, 1893-1908...55 CHICAGO GREAT WESTERN IN MINNESOTA, 1908-1941...59 CHICAGO GREAT WESTERN IN MINNESOTA, 1941-1968...60 VI. CHICAGO MILWAUKEE ST. PAUL AND PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY...62 INTRODUCTION...62 PREDECESSOR LINES IN MINNESOTA...62 VII. CHICAGO ROCK ISLAND AND PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY...74 INTRODUCTION...74 ORIGINS OF THE CHICAGO ROCK ISLAND AND PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY...74 PREDECESSOR: BURLINGTON CEDAR RAPIDS AND NORTHERN RAILWAY...75 THE CHICAGO ROCK ISLAND AND PACIFIC IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY...75 VIII. DULUTH AND NORTHEASTERN RAILROAD...79
Section: Table of Contents Page 2 Railroads in Minnesota, 1862-1956 IX. DULUTH MISSABE AND IRON RANGE RAILROAD...80 PREDECESSOR LINES...80 DULUTH MISSABE AND IRON RANGE RAILWAY...84 X. GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY COMPANY...85 INTRODUCTION...85 PREDECESSOR LINES IN MINNESOTA...85 GREAT NORTHERN IN MINNESOTA, 1907-1970...102 XI. MINNEAPOLIS NORTHFIELD AND SOUTHERN RAILWAY COMPANY...107 INTRODUCTION...107 MINNEAPOLIS ST. PAUL ROCHESTER AND DUBUQUE ELECTRIC TRACTION COMPANY...107 MINNEAPOLIS NORTHFIELD AND SOUTHERN, 1918-1982...109 XII. MINNEAPOLIS ST. PAUL AND SAULT STE. MARIE RAILWAY COMPANY...111 INTRODUCTION...111 PREDECESSOR LINES IN MINNESOTA...111 THE CONSOLIDATED SOO LINE, 1888-1910S...113 THE SOO LINE AFTER 1920...117 XIII. MINNESOTA DAKOTA AND WESTERN RAILWAY COMPANY...119 XIV. MINNESOTA TRANSFER RAILWAY...121 INTRODUCTION...121 RAILROADS AND A REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION CENTER...121 MINNESOTA TRANSFER RAILWAY: DEVELOPMENT AND EARLY OPERATION, 1883-1910...122 SERVING THE MIDWAY INDUSTRIAL AREA, 1910-1986...124 XV. NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY...126 INTRODUCTION...126 PREDECESSOR LINES IN MINNESOTA...126 MINNESOTA AND THE NORTHERN TRANSCONTINENTAL ROUTE...135 XVI. RAILROADS AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, 1870-1940...141 WHEAT MONOCULTURE...141 DIVERSIFICATION AND INDUSTRIALIZATION OF AGRICULTURE...144 IMMIGRATION AND SETTLEMENT...145 TOWNSITE DEVELOPMENT...149 FOOD PROCESSING...150 XVII. URBAN CENTERS, 1870-1940...156 MANUFACTURING AND DISTRIBUTION...156 POPULATION...160 SMALLER URBAN CENTERS...162 XVIII. MINNESOTA TOURISM AND RECREATION IN THE LAKES REGION, 1870-1945...164 XIX. NORTHERN MINNESOTA LUMBERING, 1870-1930S...168 XX. MINNESOTA S IRON ORE INDUSTRY, 1880S-1945...175 INTRODUCTION...175 THE MESABI IRON RANGE...175 VERMILION RANGE...179 CUYUNA RANGE...180 TACONITE...181
Section: Table of Contents Page 3 Railroads in Minnesota, 1862-1956 SECTION F. ASSOCIATED PROPERTY TYPES...183 I. NAME OF PROPERTY TYPE: RAILROAD CORRIDOR HISTORIC DISTRICTS...183 II. DESCRIPTION...183 III. SIGNIFICANCE...192 IV. REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS...194 I. NAME OF PROPERTY TYPE: RAILROAD STATION HISTORIC DISTRICTS...204 II. DESCRIPTION...204 III. SIGNIFICANCE...206 IV. REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS...207 I. NAME OF PROPERTY TYPE: RAILROAD YARD HISTORIC DISTRICTS...211 II. DESCRIPTION...211 III. SIGNIFICANCE...213 IV. REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS...214 I. NAME OF PROPERTY TYPE: RAILROAD GRADE SEPARATION STRUCTURES...217 II. DESCRIPTION...217 III. SIGNIFICANCE...223 IV. REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS...224 I. NAME OF PROPERTY TYPE: RAILROAD DEPOTS...230 II. DESCRIPTION...230 III. SIGNIFICANCE...233 IV. REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS...234 I. NAME OF PROPERTY TYPE: RAILROAD ENGINE HOUSES, TRANSFER TABLES, AND TURNTABLES...238 II. DESCRIPTION...238 I. NAME OF PROPERTY TYPE: RAILROAD SECTION HOUSES...243 II. DESCRIPTION...243 III. SIGNIFICANCE...243 IV. REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS...244 FIGURES...247 SECTION G. GEOGRAPHICAL DATA...278 SECTION H. SUMMARY OF IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION METHODS...278 SECTION I. MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES...280 GLOSSARY OF RAILROAD TERMS...300 MAPS...306
Section: Table of Contents Page 4 Railroads in Minnesota, 1862-1956 List of Figures FIGURE 1. RAILROAD CORRIDOR, YOUNG AMERICA VICINITY, CA. 1915...247 FIGURE 2. SINGLE-TRACKED ROADWAY NEAR DALLES OF THE ST. CROIX RIVER, CA. 1890...248 FIGURE 3. DOUBLE-TRACKED ROADWAY AND DEPOT, WILDER, CA. 1909...249 FIGURE 4. MULTIPLE TRACKS AT THE UNION STATION, MINNEAPOLIS, CA. 1880S...250 FIGURE 5. TYPICAL RAILROAD ROADWAY CROSS SECTION (HOWSON 1926:95)...251 FIGURE 6. TYPICAL RAILROAD BED, BALLAST, AND TRACKS (ORROCK 1918:14)...251 FIGURE 7. TRACKS OVER TYPICAL STONE BALLAST (HOWSON 1926:146)...252 FIGURE 8. STEEL RAILS ON WOOD TIES (HAY 1953:381)...253 FIGURE 9. CROSS SECTION OF "INVERTED T" PROFILE (SMITH 1906:19)...254 FIGURE 10. TOP AND BOTTOM VIEWS OF TIE PLATE (HOWSON 1926:235)...254 FIGURE 11. CONSTRUCTION OF DRAINAGE DITCHES (RENCH 1946:21)...255 FIGURE 12. TILE PIPE FOR DRAINAGE (HOWSON 1926:123)...256 FIGURE 13. CAST-IRON AND MASONRY PIPE CULVERT (HOWSON 1926:448)...257 FIGURE 14. TYPICAL PILE TRESTLE BRIDGE (HOWSON 1926:527)...257 FIGURE 15. HIGH STEEL VIADUCT (HOWSON 1926:468)...258 FIGURE 16. DOUBLE CONCRETE BOX CULVERT (HOWSON 1926:445)...259 FIGURE 17. RAILROAD MAINTENANCE YARD, STATION, AND CLASSIFICATION YARD, TRACY, 1939...260 FIGURE 18. LOW CONCRETE PASSENGER PLATFORM (HOWSON 1926:551)...261 FIGURE 19. FLAG DEPOT BELOW FORT SNELLING, CA. 1880...262 FIGURE 20. PASSENGER DEPOT (HOWSON 1926:543)...262 FIGURE 21. COMBINATION DEPOT AT ECHO, CA. 1910S (HOFSOMMER 2005:235)...263 FIGURE 22. UNION DEPOT, MINNEAPOLIS, 1890...264 FIGURE 23. RAILROAD STORAGE WAREHOUSE (HOWSON 1926:556)...265 FIGURE 24. SECTION HOUSE AT BALL CLUB, CA. 1900...266 FIGURE 25. WATER TANK (HOWSON 1926:734)...267 FIGURE 26. COALING STATION (HOWSON 1926:567)...268 FIGURE 27. TYPICAL ICE HOUSE DRAWINGS (ORROCK 1918:398)...269 FIGURE 28. INTERLOCKING TOWER (HOWSON 1926:792)...270 FIGURE 29. RAILROAD YARDS WITH SHOP COMPLEX, BRAINERD, 1939...271 FIGURE 30. NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD YARD, ST. PAUL, 1899...272 FIGURE 31. ENGINE HOUSE (HOWSON 1926:561)...272 FIGURE 32. RAILROAD YARD WITH TURNTABLE, MINNEAPOLIS, CA. 1880...273 FIGURE 33. RENDERING OF NORTHERN PACIFIC COMO SHOPS, ST. PAUL, 1886...274 FIGURE 34. POWER HOUSE (HOWSON 1926:585)...275 FIGURE 35. ASH PIT AT CONNECTICUT EASTERN RAILROAD MUSEUM, WILLIMANTIC, CT...276 FIGURE 36. NORTHERN PACIFIC OFFICE AND SHOPS, BRAINERD, CA. 1875...277