MODULE 4: SIDs and STARs Slide <#> of
OUTLINE Objective: To understand SIDs and STARs and their applications CONTENT: WHAT ARE SIDS AND STARS COMMON ELEMENTS CHARTS PROCESSING OF SIDS AND STARS VECTORING PHRASEOLOGIES Version 1.0 15 September 2015 2
Standard Instrument Departure SID: Standard instrument departure (SID). A designated instrument flight rule (IFR) departure route linking the aerodrome or a specified runway of the aerodrome with a specified significant point, normally on a designated ATS route, at which the en-route phase of a flight commences. Elements of a (Procedural) SID: Runway eg Runway 26 SID Name: generally the name of the waypoint where the SID joins the ATS route (some exceptions) eg EGMAS or UTULO SID Identifier: a numeric or alpha numeric suffix after the SID name. SID are numbered from 1 to 9 then restart from 1 (can also have an alpha character associated with the SID) eg EGMAS 1 or UTULO 1 (Reference is ICAO Annex 11 Appendix 3)
Lateral Path: Described on a chart and coded into a navigation database via a series of waypoints (ARINC 424 coding) ATC is not authorised to cancel the SID below MVA Vertical Path: Described as a series of altitude constraints or requirements. Work in conjunction with STAR altitude constraints or requirements Speed limits: A design requirement from ICAO DOC 8168 for airspace containment, terrain avoidance, track segregation, turn containment ATC is not authorised to cancel: a SID below MVA! Speed restrictions used for terrain separation and track containment Text on SID plate. 4
Standard Instrument Departure 5
PROCESSING OF A SID: Delivery of SID: usually by the Tower on Clearance issue: Speedbird 624 cleared to Johannesburg via EGMAS, planned route, EGMAS 1 departure Runway 26, Maintain 10000FT, squawk code 3232, departure frequency 120.5 Pilot will read back clearance in total including the SID. The SID is programmed in the FMS or GPS system. Aircraft will fly the lateral and vertical path adhering to any speed or altitude constraints. 6
EXCEPTIONS Sometimes a TRANSITION is used where the SID serves multiple routes: e.g. many routes north of FYWH One SID can serve many routes with a transition from the SID waypoint to an enroute waypoint 7
Standard Instrument Departure with Transitions 8
PROCESSING OF A SID WITH TRANSITIONS: Delivery of SID: usually by the Tower on Clearance issue: Speedbird 624 cleared to Oomagulabi via NUTUBE, planned route, Nanaimo eight departure Runway 34, NUTUBE Transition, Maintain 10000FT, squawk code 3232, departure frequency 120.5 Pilot will read back clearance in total including the SID and Transition. The SID is programmed in the FMS or GPS system. Aircraft will fly the lateral and vertical path adhering to any speed or altitude constraints. 9
VECTORING OFF A SID AND PHRASEOLOGIES: Due weather (CAUTION must be at or ABV MVA!) NMB222, CANCEL SID track as required, clear of weather track DCT EGMAS Due traffic (CAUTION must be at or ABV MVA!) NMB222, CANCEL SID turn left/right heading xxx due traffic Not because a pilot wants to cancel the SID and do his own thing! Clear of traffic DCT to first enroute waypoint NMB222 RESUME OWN NAVIGATION, re-cleared DCT EGMAS 10
RADAR SID Issue a heading for departure Aircraft turns to assigned heading at a certain altitude Caters for terrain requirements 11
Standard Instrument Arrival STAR: Standard Instrument Arrival (STAR). A designated instrument flight rule (IFR) arrival route linking a significant point, normally on an ATS route, with a point from which aa published instrument procedure can be commenced Elements of a STAR: Runway eg Runway 26 STAR Name: generally the name of the waypoint where the STAR leaves the ATS route some exceptions) eg ATUPI or AXODA STAR Identifier: a numeric or alpha numeric suffix after the SID name. SID are numbered from 1 to 9 then restart from 1 (can also have an alpha character associated with the SID) eg ATUPI 1 or AXODA 1 (Reference is ICAO Annex 11 Appendix 3)
Lateral Path: Described on a chart and coded into a navigation database via a series of waypoints (ARINC 424 coding) Vertical Path: Described as a series of altitude constraints or requirements. Work in conjunction with SID altitude constraints or requirements Speed limits: A design requirement from ICAO DOC 8168 for airspace containment, terrain avoidance, track segregation, turn containment ATC is not authorised to cancel speed restrictions on a STAR! Text on STAR plate. 13
Standard Instrument Arrival 14
PROCESSING OF A STAR: Delivery of STAR: by the Enroute Controller on first contact but no later than 50NM prior to ToD (as a general rule): Speedbird 624 Star Clearance available GO ahead, Speedbird 624 Speedbird 624 Star Cleaarance, ATUPI One Arrival Runway 26, when ready descend to FL250 ATUPI One arrival Runway 26 when ready descend to FL250, Speedbird 624 Pilot will read back clearance in total including the STAR and Level if given. The STAR is programmed in the FMS or GPS system. Aircraft will fly the lateral and vertical path adhering to any speed or altitude constraints. 15
Review: WHAT ARE SIDS AND STARS COMMON ELEMENTS CHARTS PROCESSING OF SIDS AND STARS VECTORING PHRASEOLOGIES Version 1.0: 15 September 2015 17