Pre-trip 1 Bologna Dec 2011 No 1
transport direct Bologna Dec 2011 No 2
Pre-trip 2 Bologna Dec 2011 No 3
Pre-trip 3 Bologna Dec 2011 No 4
Real-time public transport Bologna Dec 2011 No 5
Real-time private transport Bologna Dec 2011 No 6
Personal support through smartphones location based services personalised information delivery plan trips buy travel slots guide between modes healthy travel options monitor environment personalised operational alerts Bologna Dec 2011 No 7
Who pays? General Traffic conditions, planned times of arrival, actual location, adverts for restaurants / shops, service providers, connections at interchanges Subscription Broadcasts, VMS and display panels, in-vehicle displays Bologna Dec 2011 No 8
Road User Charging Bologna Dec 2011 No 9
It s nothing new Clifton Suspension Bridge Act 1861 Bologna Dec 2011 No 10
Key questions for any potential scheme Why are you doing this? How are you going to charge me? What will it cost? Who will pay? What happens to the income? Why? Who loses? Who gains? Bologna Dec 2011 No 11
Why are you doing this? Recover the cost of construction (France, Melbourne, Toronto, Severn, Dartford, M6 T) Fund new infrastructure (Oslo, Trondheim) Demand restraint / congestion control (Singapore, London, Durham) Economic Social payment for infrastructure cost (Germany, Switzerland for lorries) Alternative vehicle taxation regime (Netherlands allegedly) Additional personal taxation Bologna Dec 2011 No 12
How are you going to charge me? For passing through a specific link [M6 Toll; Dartford Crossing] For passing through each one of many links [French Autoroutes] For being in an area [London, Stockholm] For being in each one of many areas [? ] For each Km you travel on a link [German lorry scheme] For each Km you travel varied by vehicle weight, time of day, class of road, degree of congestion etc More accurate targetting Bologna Dec 2011 No 13
What happens to the income? Replaces ownership fee and Fuel Duty Fuel Duty reduced; balance to Transport Everywhere or reserved for scheme area? Just roads or all public transport? Fuel Duty reduced; balance to Treasury Fuel Duty unchanged all extra to transport Everywhere or reserved for scheme area? Just roads or all public transport? Fuel Duty unchanged, extra to Transport & Treasury Fuel Duty unchanged all extra to Treasury Nastiness factor Bologna Dec 2011 No 14
Collection Method Stop-and-pay (French/Italian plazas; Durham kiosk) Free-flow (Toronto, Melbourne, Singapore full electronic; London & Stockholm cameras) Bologna Dec 2011 No 15
Method 1: Microwave In-Vehicle Unit 1.50 Antenna [Vehicle Classifier] Smart Card Enforcement Camera Deduction of fee requested Payment confirmed; transaction sent to back office Vehicle enforcement [and classification] Bologna Dec 2011 No 16
Method 1a: ANPR Booking service and enforcement centre Camera Daily data Penalty notice Vehicle registration captured, sent to HQ Bologna Dec 2011 No 17
Method 2: Vehicle Position Fixed or Portable Enforcement Self Charging - position v stored map and charge table Enforcement Camera 1.50 Smart Card Vehicle Classifier Transmission of charge data Bologna Dec 2011 No 18
The methods compared Microwave Mature systems Only one communications channel Cheap, simple on-board equipment Gantries for charge/enforcement point Costs at the roadside - Govt pays? Vehicle positioning Mature components; maturing systems More sophisticated on-board equipment Needs GPS and communications Much potential for wider integration Enforcement tricky - gantries needed Costs in the vehicle - owner pays? Bologna Dec 2011 No 19
9 Scheme Tests Ensure the underpinning reasons / problems are clearly set out and the plans are well publicised Ensure you explain why pricing is the right solution Ensure the total transport package is seen and understood traffic schemes, travel alternatives Keep it simple no multiple zones, complex tariffs Ensure most people judge the scheme as fair Ensure you have modelled different management policies Ensure you know and have addressed the views of the different behaviour and interest groups Recognise that the scheme promoters need to be trusted especially for personal and data privacy Balance technology simplicity / reliability against the need to detect and deter evasion and fraud Bologna Dec 2011 No 20
Traffic management and Control Bologna Dec 2011 No 21
Managing / controlling traffic To match flows to reflect available roadspace or other benchmarks (eg environmental objectives) Influencing modal split: To reduce reliance on or attractiveness of private transport By increasing attractiveness of more environmentally friendly and sustainable forms of transport Using ICT to reduce the need to travel into congested business areas and city centres Need to balance the above with the economic and social requirements for a viable city centre Bologna Dec 2011 No 22
Strategic Traffic Management Advice and guidance Intelligent Infrastructure Intelligent Vehicles Cooperative vehicles / infrastructures CVHS Strategies Driver Regulation Dynamic Route Guidance Intelligent Speed Adaptation E V I Road User Charging Automatic Traffic management Information Services / TCC, Transport Direct U T M C Congestion Bologna Dec 2011 No 23
Overview: urban traffic demand management WALK / CYCLE modal shift Environmentally friendly Public Transport M FERRY TRAIN METRO BUS time of day changes Pre- and On-Trip Information PARK AND RIDE P PARKING ZONE ROAD-USE ACCESS PRICING CORDON / POINTTOLLS Other Telematics services PHONE / FAX USER NETWORKS MULTI-MEDIA LIBRARY trip substitution (tele-working, etc) Private Mobility Services spatial changes (route/destination) VIDEO CONFERENCE Bologna Dec 2011 No 24
Specific Demand Management Measures Multi-mode Information Services Parking management Access control Modern Public Transport High Occupancy Vehicle lanes Active Traffic Management Public Transport priority Unified urban & inter-urban traffic management Road-Use Pricing Tolling and Euro-Vignette Land Use Planning Tele-services to reduce the need to travel Bologna Dec 2011 No 25
Scope of UTMC Bologna Dec 2011 No 26
High occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes Dedicated lanes for vehicles with 3 or more occupants Reduced toll charges (and ultimately road-use charges) Currently difficult to enforce automatically High potential for fraudulent use Cause discontent if permanent Bologna Dec 2011 No 27
Active Traffic Management basic New approach to inter-urban flow management Calming traffic at peak flows reduces shock waves, lane-hopping, minor collisions Measure of control of access ( Ramp metering ) Bologna Dec 2011 No 28
Active Traffic Management advanced Traffic calming at peak flows Extensive information service Ramp metering Hard shoulder running 2 year review shows flows up accidents down Bologna Dec 2011 No 29
Moving from chaos Bologna Dec 2011 No 30
To a managed city centre Bologna Dec 2011 No 31
Cooperative Vehicle-Highway Systems (CVHS) Bologna Dec 2011 No 32
Pressures on the road network 1 More throughput Improved safety Reduced environmental impact vehicle emissions and noise levels visual intrusion Better integration with public transport More reliable/predictable freight trips Bologna Dec 2011 No 33
Pressures on the road network 2 Changing trends: population age distribution e-shopping tourism & leisure teleworking business location flexible office hours, manufacturing etc Need flexibility & fast response to change Bologna Dec 2011 No 34
CVHS - a strategic vision Cooperative Vehicle-Highway Systems: join up a smarter road and a smarter vehicle using wireless potential big wins in road safety & network management Potential throughput gains from road trains or platoons of vehicles safer vehicles, more driver support & assistance = fewer accidents better prediction & management of traffic flow = less congestion Bologna Dec 2011 No 35
Pressures on road network More throughput Improved safety CVHS CVHS Reduced environmental impact CVHS vehicle emissions and noise levels CVHS visual intrusion CVHS Integration with public transport More reliable/predictable freight trips CVHS CVHS Bologna Dec 2011 No 36
CVHS toolbox Latitudinal / longitudinal support Lat / long collision avoidance Platooning / convoying Adaptive route guidance Traffic and traveller information Controlled traffic flow Best practice driver advice Bologna Dec 2011 No 37
Migration: 3-10 Years Driver in full control of vehicle * Speed/behaviour monitored by Police TODAY Limited real-time information (VMS, TrafficMaster, RDS-TMC radio) Driver assisted by in-car technology (close following etc) Driver manoeuvre / collision warning External speed alert (ISA) 3-10 YEARS Real-time information on conditions Motorway charging introduced? Driver in command, rather than control * Except Airbag; ABS etc Bologna Dec 2011 No 38
Migration: 10-20 Years Cooperative platoons of vehicles External speed control Driver manoeuvre over-ride 10-20 YEARS In-car office systems accepted Automated highways: users are passengers Mode choice by price and journey needs Public transport units for hire Bologna Dec 2011 No 39
Examples of Automated Highways Bologna Dec 2011 No 40
A Future Strategic Network? Dedicated Long Distance Freight Lane Automated Highway Lane Distributor / Feeder Lanes Infrastructure Controlled Driver Controlled Bologna Dec 2011 No 41
Traffic management now Trip plan Pre-trip information Driving Plan 1 Driver decision point On-trip information On-trip instructions Local sensors Network Status Area sensors Driving Plan 2 Vehicle zone Infrastructure zone Bologna Dec 2011 No 42
Trip plan Traffic management 2015+ Pre-trip information Driving Plan 1 Network load database Adaptive real-time management and advice Local sensors Network Status On-trip advice On-trip information On-trip instructions Network symptom database Metro Area sensors Park & Ride Driver decision points Driving Plan 2 Travel Plan 1 Rail Bologna Dec 2011 No 43
Vehicles will be part of infrastructure Bologna Dec 2011 No 44
Information will be part of infrastructure A mobile ad hoc network a number of mobile information devices cooperate to form a dynamic computing network without fixed infrastructure. Bologna Dec 2011 No 45
We will move to complete integration I n f r a s t r u c t u r e b a s e d Vehicle based Traffic management City Traveller Information City Demand management City Region Region Region Country Country Country Bologna Dec 2011 No 46