Chapter 4, Section 2 Sparta and Athens (Pages 124 130) Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read: Why did Spartans conquer and control groups of people? How were the people of Athens different from the people of Sparta? As you read pages 125 130 in your textbook, complete this graphic organizer comparing and contrasting life in Sparta and Athens. Sparta Both Athens Chapter 4, Section 2 73
Tyranny in the City-States (pages 125 126) As you read, complete the following sentences. Doing so will help you summarize the section. 1.,, and all wanted a part in Greek government.their unhappiness led to the rise of, men who took power by force. These tyrants took power away from the. 2. Most Greeks wanted all to be a part of the government. So most city-states became either or. Define or describe the following terms from this lesson. tyrant oligarchy democracy Define these academic vocabulary words from this lesson. structure participate 74 Chapter 4, Section 2
Why were tyrants popular in the city-states? Sparta (pages 126 127) As you read, write three details about the Spartans. Then write a general statement or conclusion about the Spartans based on these details. 1. 2. 3. General Statement Chapter 4, Section 2 75
Define or describe the following term from this lesson. helots Define this academic vocabulary word from this lesson. enforce Use this term that you studied earlier in a sentence that reflects the term s meaning. oligarchy (Chapter 4, Section 2) Why did the Spartans stress military training? Athens (pages 128 130) What do you know about your state and national government? Think about things you have seen or read in the news. As you read, compare your state and national government with the democracy of Athens. Summarize your thoughts in a paragraph. Be sure to address the similarities and differences that you see. 76 Chapter 4, Section 2
Define these academic vocabulary words from this lesson. nonetheless process Use this term that you studied earlier in a sentence that reflects the term s meaning. democracy (Chapter 4, Section 2) How did Cleisthenes build a democracy in Athens? Now that you have read the section, write the answers to the questions that were included in Setting a Purpose for Reading at the beginning of the lesson. Why did Spartans conquer and control groups of people? How were the people of Athens different from the people of Sparta? Chapter 4, Section 2 77
Name Date Class VOCABULARY ACTIVITY 4-2 Sparta and Athens: Words to Know Directions: Fill in the term or person for each definition listed below, writing one letter in each square. Then use the letters in the shaded squares to complete the sentence that follows. Cleisthenes democracy helots oligarchy Solon tyrants 1. a few people hold power 2. people who take power by force and rule with total authority 3. created a new council to help the assembly 4. citizens share in running the government 5. canceled farmers debts and freed slaves 6. Greek serfs or slaves 1 7 2 3 4 5 6 7. The government of became a democracy. Building Academic Vocabulary authority (plural, authorities), noun Directions: In this section you read about people in authority. On the lines below, make a list of people who have authority in your life. SECTION 4-2 29
SECTION 4-2 Name Date Class GUIDED READING ACTIVITY 4-2 Sparta and Athens Directions: Outlining Reading the section and completing the outline below will help you learn more about Sparta and Athens. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks. I. overthrew the nobles with the support of the common people. II. By 500 B.C., most city-states became either or. A. In an oligarchy, a(n) have power. B. In a democracy, all share in the government. III. was an oligarchy that focused on military training. A. Spartans were afraid that the might rebel, so they trained for war. 1. Spartan boys started training at age. 2. Spartan girls were trained in so that they would become healthy mothers. B. Sparta s was an oligarchy. 1. Two headed a council of. a. The council included citizens over age. b. The council presented laws to a(n). 2. The assembly was made up of all Spartan men over age. a. They on the council s laws. b. They chose to enforce laws and collect taxes. IV. Athens was originally an oligarchy but became a(n). A. A noble named canceled all the farmers and freed slaves. B. won the support of the poor by giving them land and loaning them money. C. is credited with making Athens a democracy. 1. He reorganized the to play the central role in governing. 2. He created a council of citizens to carry out daily business. 34
Name Date Class TIME LINE ACTIVITY 4 Important Events in Athenian History (600 400 B.C.) Directions: Use your textbook and the information in the time line to answer the questions in the spaces provided. 594 B.C. Solon begins to rule and cancels all the farmers debts 560 B.C. Peisistratus seizes power and gives land to farmers 490 B.C. 508 B.C. Cleisthenes comes to power and reforms Athenian government The Greeks defeat the Persians at the Battle of Marathon 480 B.C. The Greeks lose the Battle at Thermopylae; the Greeks defeat the Persians at the Battle of Salamis 479 B.C. 461 B.C. The Greeks defeat the Persians at the Battle of Plataea Pericles begins to lead Athens into its Golden Age 478 B.C. The Delian League is formed 600 B.C. 550 B.C. 500 B.C. 450 B.C. 400 B.C. 431 B.C. The Peloponnesian War begins 404 B.C. Athens surrenders and the Peloponnesian War ends MILITARY EVENTS POLITICAL EVENTS Background In the 500s B.C. and 400s B.C., Athens became more democratic and also more powerful. Although Athens and Sparta joined forces to defeat the Persians, Sparta and the other city-states soon became suspicious of Athens growing wealth and power. War between Athens and Sparta broke out in 431 B.C. By the time the war was over, the Athenian empire was destroyed and, with it, any possibility of future cooperation among the Greeks. 1. What two rulers implemented reforms to help farmers? 2. When was the Delian League formed? 3. Athens s Golden Age is also called the Age of. 4. Name three battles against the Persians that ended in victory for the Greeks. 5. How long did the Peloponnesian War last? CHAPTER 4 15