Evaluation of improved willows in North Patagonia, Argentina Ing. Esteban THOMAS & Ing. Teresa CERRILLO I.N.T.A. (Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Argentina)
Patagonia, Argentina
Irrigated valleys of North Patagonia Rio Neuquén E.E.A. INTA Patagonia Norte Rio Limay Rio Negro In the North Patagonia region, there are irrigated valley areas of about 140.000 ha
Irrigated valleys of North Patagonia Arid and mesothermal climate: Climate characteristics (1990 2004 Series, INTA Alto Valle) Mean rainfall: 243.7 mm per year (it is necessary to irrigate) Mean temperature in winter (July): 6.7ºC (44.06ºF) Absolute minimum temperature in winter (August 95): -11ºC (51.8ºF) Mean temperature in summer (January): 24.2ºC (75.56ºF) Maximum temperature in summer (October 99): 39.1ºC (102.38ºF) Great thermal amplitude in the region
Irrigated valleys of North Patagonia plateau river (Rio Negro) valley
Irrigated valleys of North Patagonia pears apples The main activity is fruit production
Other productions in irrigated valleys vineyards wines Forage (lucerne and others) cows & sheeps
Forest plantations in irrigated valleys of North Patagonia Poplars and willows windbrakes to protect diferent crops
Forest plantations in irrigated valleys of North Patagonia Poplars and willows for timber production
Forest plantations in irrigated valleys of North Patagonia Clones of poplar and willow mostly used: Populus nigra Itálica, Chile and Jean Pourtet (WB) Populus xcanescens (WB and TP) Populus xcanadensis I-214, I-488, Guardi and Conti 12 (WB and TP) Salix babylonica x Salix alba Ragonese 131-25 INTA and Ragonese 131-27 INTA (WB)
Evaluation of new willow clones in North Patagonia This first screening trial was established in E.E.A. of INTA. Aim: To compare the growth of the 15 new genotypes obtained by the Breeding Willow Program of INTA, from controlled crossings S. matsudana x S. alba, S. babylonica x S. alba, and from open pollination of S. alba and S. amygdaloides. A Randomized Block Design was applied, with single plots and sixteen replications.
Evaluation of new willow clones in North Patagonia Unrooted cuttings (0.5 m length) were planted on August 2010. The spacing used on the plantation was of 4m x 4m (625 trees/ha)
Evaluation of new willow clones in North Patagonia CLONE ORIGIN STATUS LOS ARROYOS INTA CIEF S. matsudana x S. alba -Controlled crossing, 1994 Registered clone, 2013 94.13.06 S. matsudana x S. alba - Controlled crossing, 1994 Experimental clone AGRONALES INTA-CIEF S. matsudana x S. alba - Controlled crossing, 1995 Registered clone, 2013 94.08.43 S. matsudana x S. alba- Controlled crossing, 1994 Experimental clone 94.08.74 S. matsudana x S. alba- Controlled crossing, 1994 Experimental clone 94.08.21 S. matsudana x S. alba- Controlled crossing, 1994 Experimental clone YAGUARETÉ INTA-CIEF S. alba x? Open pollination 1994 Registered clone, 2013 94.08.03 S. matsudana x S. alba- Controlled crossing, 1994 Experimental clone 95.07.11 S. matsudana x? Open pollination 1995 Experimental clone 96.01.12 S. matsudana x S. alba- Controlled crossing, 1996 Experimental clone C-14-12 S. matsudana x S. alba- Controlled crossing, 1987 Experimental clone 97.24.03 S. amygdaloides x? Open pollination 1997 Experimental clone 95.07.02 S. matsudana x? Open pollination 1995 Experimental clone 98.07.27 S. matsudana x S. alba- Controlled crossing, 1998 Experimental clone 98.07.71 S. matsudana x S. alba- Controlled crossing, 1998 Experimental clone RAGONESE 131-27 INTA S. babylonica x S. alba- Controlled crossing, 1957 Commercial clone /control treatment
Total tree heigh(cm) Evaluation of new willow clones in North Patagonia Results 7.36 ab ab ab a a ab ab a ab 6.59 abc abc abc 5.82 bc abc 5.05 c c 4.28 Los Arroyos94.13.06. Agronales 94.08.43. 94.08.74. 94.08.21. Yaguareté 94.08.03. 95.07.11. 96.01.12. C-14-12. 97.24.03. 95.07.02. 98.07.27. 98.07.71. R 131-27. Genotype Total height (cm) at 5 years old Analyses of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences among clones (p<0.001)
Evaluation of new willow clones in North Patagonia
Evaluation of new willow clones in North Patagonia Results and conclusions The evaluation of growth at 5 years old shows the supremacy of S. matsudana x S. alba hybrids, standing out the clones LOS ARROYOS INTA-CIEF and AGRONALES INTA-CIEF, and a series of genotypes in final selection phase (96.01.12, 98.07.71, 94.08.74, 94.08.43 and 94.13.06 are the best). This assessment of new clones provides valuable information to make a first preselection of adapted genotypes to the region.these hybrid clones have shown a good performance, with suitable tree form (few branches and apical dominance). The yield evaluation of the better clones began to be carried out through field testing productivity.
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