International Civil Aviation Organization ICAO - AND PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES Dr. Anthony Evans Chief, Aviation Medicine Section Paris, September 2011
Plan ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization Convention on International Civil Aviation ( Chicago Convention ) and its Annexes Standards and Recommended Practices ICAO Guidelines on Public Health Emergencies ICAO Assembly Resolutions ICAO Audits UN crisis management Enjoy! Project title (Insert, Header & Footer) 2
ICAO: Specialized agency of the United Nations Created 1944 Objectives Safety Security Environmental Protection 190 Contracting States (signatories to the Convention on International Civil Aviation)
ICAO HQ Montreal, Canada
ICAO HQ - 7 Regional Offices ICAO HQ Montreal Paris Mexico Lima Dakar Cairo Nairobi Bangkok
Chicago Convention (1944) 190 signatories 96 Articles 18 Annexes to the Convention - Standards and Recommended Practices SARPs Governments e.g. Regulatory Aviation Authorities Federal Aviation Administration (US) Transport Canada UK CAA
Why is ICAO involved in health? Article 14, Convention on International Civil Aviation: Each contracting State agrees to take effective measures to prevent the spread by means of air navigation of cholera, typhus (epidemic), smallpox, yellow fever, plague, and such other communicable diseases as the contracting States shall from time to time decide to designate.
Basis for Action - health Article 14, Convention on International Civil Aviation:.and to that end contracting States will keep in close consultation with the agencies concerned with international regulations relating to sanitary measures applicable to aircraft.
18 ICAO Annexes contain SARPs (Standards and Recommended Practices Annex 1 Personnel Licensing Annex 2 Rules of the Air Annex 3 Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation Annex 4 Aeronautical Charts Annex 5 Units of Measurement to be Used in Air and Ground Operations Annex 6 Operation of Aircraft Annex 7 Aircraft Nationality and Registration Marks Annex 8 Airworthiness of Aircraft Annex 9 Facilitation Annex 10 Aeronautical Telecommunications Annex 11 Air Traffic Services Procedures for Air Navigation Services Air Traffic Management (PANS-ATM) Annex 12 Search and Rescue Annex 13 Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation Annex 14 Aerodromes Annex 15 Aeronautical Information Services Annex 16 Environmental Protection Annex 17 Security: Safeguarding International Civil Aviation Against Acts of Unlawful Interference Annex 18 The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air
How does it work in practice? An example Managing a case of communicable disease on board an aircraft in flight 10
MANAGING AN ON-BOARD CASE Aircraft gen. declaration Health Part A/C ID Dep. Dest. ETA POB No. cases Nature of risk AIRLINE OPERATING AGENCY PHA AIRPORT OPERATOR OTHER AGENCY Air traffic controller Destination aerodrome tower
Guidelines To assist with the interpretation and implementation of ICAO SARPs and the IHR (2005) we have GUIDELINES for STATES Designed to have consistency with other guidelines: -IHR (2005) -IATA -ACI 12
Interlinking guidelines Guide to hygiene and Sanitation in aviation Case management of Influenza A(H1N1) in air transport WHO global Preparedness ICAO State Guidelines preparedness planning IHR 2005 Airports Council International airport guidelines International Air Transport Association airline guidelines
To help States develop and implement national preparedness plans we have CAPSCA Cooperative Arrangement for the Prevention of Spread of Communicable Disease through Air Travel 14
ICAO Assembly Resolutions September/October 2010 And now CAPSCA! Project title (Insert, Header & Footer) 15
CAPSCA Resolution The Assembly: 1. Urges Contracting States and Regional Safety Oversight Organizations to ensure that the public health sector and the aviation sector collaborate to develop a national preparedness plan for aviation which addresses public health emergencies of international concern and which is integrated with the general national preparedness plan; 2. Urges Contracting States to develop a national preparedness plan for aviation that is in compliance with the World Health Organization International Health Regulations (2005) and which are based on scientific principles and on the guidelines from ICAO and the World Health Organization; 3. Urges Contracting States, and Regional Safety Oversight Organizations as appropriate, to establish requirements for the involvement of stakeholders such as airport operators, aircraft operators and air navigation service providers in the development of a national preparedness plan for aviation; and, 4. Urges Contracting States to join and participate in the Cooperative Arrangement for the Prevention of Spread of Communicable Disease through Air Travel (CAPSCA) project, where available, to ensure that its goals are achieved, unless equivalent measures are already in place.
To ensure States implement the ICAO SARPs ICAO audits civil aviation regulatory authorities (mandatory for all States) 17
Audit Protocols Questions on preparedness planning will be included in ICAO Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme questions: Protocol questions Undergoing testing in selected States To be introduced from 2013 Project title (Insert, Header & Footer) 18
Audit Example 1 Has the State identified a clear contact point at national aviation level, with identified individual(s), for policy formulation, operational organization of preparedness and coordination of a national plan in order to respond to a communicable disease with the potential to pose a serious public health risk? Project title (Insert, Header & Footer) 19
Audit Example 2 Does the aircraft operations organization ensure that the air operator has established a procedure for the crew to evaluate a traveller with a suspected communicable disease, based on the presence of a fever and certain other signs or symptoms? Project title (Insert, Header & Footer) 20
Audit Example 3 Does the aircraft operations organization ensure that the air operator has established procedures for the pilot in command to report promptly to ATC a suspected communicable disease? Project title (Insert, Header & Footer) 21
Emergencies other than communicable disease Nuclear Chemical Earthquake Volcano Tsunami Flood. All potentially involve the aviation sector Transport (including aviation) not currently considered to any great extent in UN crisis management plans Project title (Insert, Header & Footer) 22
UN Humanitarian Response to crises The Cluster System Camp Coordination Early Recovery Education Emergency Telecommunications Food Security Health Logistics transport cell proposed Nutrition Protection Water and Sanitation Project title (Insert, Header & Footer) 23
Summary ICAO and Convention on International Civil Aviation - ( Chicago Convention ) and its Annexes Standards and Recommended Practices within the Annexes Guidelines on Public Health Emergencies CAPSCA implementing project ICAO Assembly Resolution ICAO Audits UN crisis management Project title (Insert, Header & Footer) 24
ICAO and Public Health Emergencies Dr. Anthony Evans Chief, Aviation Medicine Section International Civil Aviation Organization Paris, September 2011