PBN Operational Approval Continental En Route Navigation Specifications
Navigation Specifications Applicable to Continental En-route operations RNAV 5 RNAV 2 RNP 2 A-RNP RNP 0.3 2
RNAV 5 Flight Phase Navigation Specification En Route Oceanic/ Remote En Route Continental ARR RNAV 5 5 5 Approach Initial Intermed Final Missed DEP RNAV 2 2 2 2 RNAV 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 RNP 2 2 A-RNP 1 1 1 1 0.3 1 1 RNP 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 3
RNAV 5 B-RNAV (Basic RNAV) in ECAC since 1998 RNP 5 in Middle East RNAV 5 in Caribbean and South America In the PBN concept RNP 5 does not exist. Any existing RNP 5 approvals should be re-issued as RNAV 5 4
RNAV 5 Transition RNAV 5 replaces B-RNAV Re-examination not required for B-RNAV approved operators RNAV 5 requirements are identical to B-RNAV 5
RNAV 5 Routes RNAV 5 routes dependent on ground aids Sufficient VOR and DME coverage required Based on basic VOR/DME navigator Developed in 1970s but now generally obsolete May be flown using self contained nav system IRS or INS GNSS 6
RNAV 5 Systems Single nav system permitted Typically IRS updated by DME and VOR GNSS updating not required (classic aircraft) INS (independent system) INS without automatic radio updating - max 2 hrs IRS (multi-sensor system) GNSS 7
RNAV 5 GNSS TSO C129a Older C129 require pseudo-range step detection and health word checking TSO C145/146 Both stand-alone and FMS systems suitable No gaps in integrity coverage > 5 minutes FD capability only required Tip: Any aircraft with a properly installed IFR GNSS receiver is capable of RNAV 5 8
RNAV 5 - Functionality Continuous indication of position relative to track Distance and Bearing to active (To) Waypoint Groundspeed or time to active (To) Waypoint Storage of 4 waypoints (minimum) Failure indication of RNAV system Lateral deviation display: Scaling compatible with alerting and annunciation limits Must have scaling and full-scale deflection Turbo-jet air transport aircraft do not typically provide a lateral deviation scale (CDI/HSI). Suitably scaled map displays are considered adequate for RNAV 5 9
RNAV 5 - Pre-Flight Check Navaid availability: Ground navaid coverage RAIM prediction for GNSS (if required) Review contingency procedures File R in FPL field 10, and PBN/B1-5 in Item 18 B1 All permitted sensors B2 GNSS B3 DME/DME B4 VOR/DME B5 INS/IRS 10
R PBN/B1 11
RNAV 5 - En-Route Cross-check position as required Maintain route centreline (+/- 2.5nm) Advise ATC if Unable RNAV Stand-alone GNSS receivers operating in en-route mode (default) conform to RNAV 5. CDI scaling is automatically selected to +/- 5NM full scale deflection 12
Pilot Knowledge: RNAV 5 - Training RNAV system capabilities and limitations GNSS principles and operation if GNSS used Navaid limitations Operating procedures Contingency procedures Phraseology Flight planning Ground training is normally sufficient. Flight training is not required 13
RNAV 5 - Oversight Navigation Database: If fitted must be current and appropriate for the operations Oversight of Operators: Navigation error reports analyzed to determine remedial action: Remedial training Operational restrictions Software changes Caution: RNAV 5 NavSpec provides for manual entry of waypoints. This should authorised only where necessary and subject to thorough crew procedures Manual entry should be prohibited where a database is carried 14
Certification Documentation FAA Order AC90-96A Approval of US Operators and Aircraft to operate under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) in European Airspace designated for Basic Area Navigation (B- RNAV) and Precision Area Navigation (P-RNAV) EASA AMC 20-4 Airworthiness Approval and Operational Criteria for the use of Navigation Systems in European Airspace designated for Basic RNAV operations 15
RNAV 5 - Summary Automatic transition from B-RNAV to RNAV 5 Existing B-RNAV approvals should be re-issued as RNAV 5 Almost all aircraft with basic Area Navigation capability qualify Single navigation system Formal operational approval may not be necessary 16
RNAV 2 Flight Phase Navigation Specification En Route Oceanic/ Remote En Route Continental ARR RNAV 5 5 5 Approach Initial Intermed Final Missed DEP RNAV 2 2 2 2 RNAV 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 RNP 2 2 A-RNP 1 1 1 1 0.3 1 1 RNP 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 17
RNAV 2 Operational Approval is RNAV 1 and RNAV 2 Separate RNAV 2 approval not required Suitable for en-route continental operations Routes dependent on ground aids Adequate DME and/or VOR coverage required ANSP consideration Not an ops approval issue RNAV 1 and 2 approval permits operations on: RNAV 2 routes RNAV 1 routes/procedures (SIDs/STARs) 18
R PBN/C1 19
RNAV 2 - En-Route Cross-check position as required Maintain route centreline (+/- 1nm) Advise ATC if unable RNAV 2 Stand-alone GNSS receivers operate in en-route mode by default. But CDI scaling is automatically selected to +/- 5NM full scale deflection The track keeping requirements for RNAV 2 can be met provided the flight crew maintains +/- 1NM (one dot) 20
RNP 2 A-RNP 2 2 or 1 1 1 1 0.3 1 1 21
RNP 2 GNSS required May be used in varied environments Oceanic/Remote/Continental En-route Geographic areas with little or no ground NAVAID infrastructure, limited or no ATS surveillance, and low to medium density traffic Will gradually replace RNAV 5 for continental routes 22
RNP 2 Continental En-route Continental En-route requires lower continuity Duplicated navigation equipment not required Provided suitable alternate navigation available If RNP 2 Ops Approval is limited to Continental En-route Must be annotated as a condition on the approval 23
Advanced RNP Flight Phase Navigation Specification En Route Oceanic/ Remote En Route Continental ARR RNAV 5 5 5 Approach Initial Intermed Final Missed DEP RNAV 2 2 2 2 RNAV 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 RNP 2 2 A-RNP 2 2 or 1 1 1 1 0.3 1 1 RNP 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 24
A-RNP Desired Path Variable Variable Advanced RNP Single assessment of aircraft eligibility applying to more than one navigation accuracy requirement and to multiple applications across all phases of flight. Incorporates RNAV 5, RNAV 2, RNAV 1, RNP 1 and RNP APCH. Applicable for oceanic/remote, continental en-route, arrivals, departures and approaches. Relies solely on integrity of RNP system without recourse to conventional means of navigation. 25
A-RNP Avoids the need for individual operational approvals Published in 4 th Edition PBN Manual Manufacturers yet to document A-RNP capability Relies entirely on RNP system (GNSS) no back-up ground navaids required Additional requirements: Options RF required for SIDs/STARs/Approaches FRT, TOAC, VNAV, Scalable RNP 26
A-RNP Functionality Requires RF functionality FRT, Scalable RNP, Baro VNAV, Higher Continuity and Time of Arrival Control are optional Integrity provided by SBAS or ABAS 27
A-RNP Functionality Displays of: Deviation Active waypoint Bearing and distance to active waypoint Groundspeed, time and distance to go to active waypoint Desired track Actual track Slaved course Active sensor 28
A-RNP Functionality Path terminator capability: CA, CF, DF, FA, FM, HM, IF, RF, TF, VA, VI, VM Transitions and automatic sequencing Fly-over, fly-by, Fixed radius (RF & FRT) Intercept final approach Holding Parallel Off-set Direct to Automatic RNP changes Navigation database 29
RNP 0.3 Navigation Specification En Route Oceanic/ Remote En Route Continental ARR RNAV 5 5 5 Flight Phase Approach Initial Intermed Final Missed DEP RNAV 2 2 2 2 RNAV 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 RNP 2 2 A-RNP 1 1 1 1 0.3 1 1 RNP 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 30
RNP 0.3 Intended for short range operations Typically helicopters Also applicable to fixed wing RNP 0.3 capability Departure En-route Arrival Approach Typically requires FMS Note: Most helicopters are fitted with standalone receivers which operate in fixed modes. RNP 0.3 requires advanced systems which permit RNP to be selected Capability to provide 0.3 in all phases of flight 31
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