SocioBrains ISSN 2367-5721, JOURNAL HOMEPAGE: WWW.SOCIOBRAINS.COM INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC REFEREED ONLINE JOURNAL WITH IMPACT FACTOR ISSUE 41, JANUARY 2018 THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Abstract: The paper covers decades of analysis of tourist movements from Bulgaria in Macedonia. The objective is through statistics on the number of tourist nights to determine the dynamics of attendance, reason and places of residence. The manuscript will identify the stages of the life cycle in the country as an important tourist destination for tourists from Bulgaria. Presented through text and graphical results are recommendations to overcome the problems facing the current tourist visit of R. Bulgaria R. Macedonia. Keywords: Analysis, tourists, overnight stays, lifecycle, Bulgaria, Macedonia. Nikola Dimitrov Assoc. Prof., PhD University Goce Delcev Stip, Macedonia nikola.dimitrov@ugd.edu.mk Macedonia Authors information: Cane Koteski Assoc. Prof., PhD University Goce Delcev Stip, Macedonia cane.koteski@ugd.edu.mk Macedonia Zlatko Jakovlev Assoc. Prof., PhD University Goce Delcev Stip, Macedonia zlatko.jakovlev@ugd.edu.mk Macedonia Introduction T he tourist movements of Bulgaria - Macedonia, but also Macedonia - Bulgaria have more annual tradition. The beginnings of the tourist movements date back about a hundred years ago. However, our research goes deeper and therefore we share it in several phases: the phase of proto tourism (from the end of the XIX century to the First World War), and the phase of tourism, which covers three periods (the first period of 1919 to 1944, when Macedonia was part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Second World War, the second period when Macedonia was a part of SFR Yugoslavia, and the third period of an independent Macedonian state since 1991). Namely, the research we are carrying out covers a proto tourist and tourist movement, and only on the relation Bulgaria - Macedonia, and on the basis of published books and other papers in Macedonia and Bulgaria, and of course, statistics published by the State Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia. Macedonia, from 1961 to 2015. We are investigating the relationship between Macedonia and Bulgaria, that is, the analysis of the tourist movements, we are going to be a joint work of scientists from both countries. As an occasion for joint research, we will list the following facts: first (as a proto tourist stage), hundreds of Macedonian migrant workers - bakers, food and beverage salons, etc., which in Sofia, Plovdiv, Pleven, Varna and other cities have built their own bakeries, pastry shops, and then restaurants and hotels. Secondly, a much more intensive tourist phase is the period from the mid-eighties of the twentieth century, when mass tourists from Macedonia go to Bulgaria, on holidays, wintering, shopping, etc. Third, the tourism movements of Macedonia - Bulgaria from 1991 to the present, of course, are more massive and with new contents. Phase proto tourism 130
The beginnings of proto-tourist movements from Bulgaria to Macedonia difficult to determined, since both peoples throughout history have lived together and constitute a whole and were also separated. The first data on the stay of merchants, passengers and other persons from Bulgaria to Macedonia, who were placed in anons, caravansarays and hotels, the cities of Skopje, Bitola, Ohrid, Stip, Prilep, Strumica, Veles and others come across from the end of the XIX century. At that time Macedonia was part of the Ottoman Empire. In 1897 in Bitola (Manastir) was opened a prince's Bulgarian trade agency which initiated a visit to merchants and other persons from Bulgaria to Macedonia. Also, visitors from Bulgaria came to Skopje and of course, mostly in Ohrid, because of the lake and the monastery St. Naum. In 1900 the first guidebooks "About Ohrid and Ohrid Lake", from Kosta Gruppe, were published in Constantinople. The guidebook was in Bulgarian, and contained 178 pages. Then follow books on other cities in Macedonia, written by Petar Zavoev, Vasil Knchev and other authors. Phase of tourism The tourist phase consists of three periods: the first tourist period from 1919 to 1944, the second from 1945 to 1990, and the third tourist period in 1991. First tourist period (1919-1944) The first tourist period begins in 1919 and lasts until 1945. It is a period when the space of R. Macedonia is part of the Kingdom of SCS - Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1919-1941), and ends with the Second World War (1941-1944). In that period, the number of tourists from Bulgarians in Macedonia was insignificant. The small number of Bulgarians who attended Macedonia were obliged to visit the major cities of Skopje, Bitola, Prilep, and especially Ohrid and the monastery of St. Naum. In this period 1941-1944, several hotels in Bitola, Skopje, Stip, Strumica, Ohrid, Prilep, Veles and other cities changed their names. Thus, the names of the hotels are most frequently mentioned: "Bulgaria", "Balkan", "Solun", "Macedonia" and others. During the Second World War, in 1942, a tourist guide was printed in Bulgarian: "Bitola as a tourist and tourist and historical center" with a volume of 20 pages text and photos. Similar guides were issued for Ohrid, Skopje, Stip, Bitola, Prilep, Resen, Veles and Macedonia. Second touristic period (1945-1990) The second tourist season covers 45 years. Namely, this is a period when Macedonia is part of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, ie SFR Yugoslavia. We will analyze the analysis of the movement of Bulgarian tourists and overnight stays for the period from 1961 to 1990. During this period, several phases of the life cycle of a tourist destination can be distinguished, both for the number of tourists and for the number of nights spent. Thus, from Table 1 and Figure 1, 2, 3, and 4, all phases of the Butler Tank model are visible, such as: a research phase (1961-1964), a phase of inclusion (1965-1968), and a phase of decline (1969-1970), stage of development (1971-1977), stagnation phase (1978-1985) again a phase of decline (1986-1989), and a rejuvenation phase (1990). From Table 1 we register the following specifics. Taken in general, with few exceptions, throughout the whole period, the numerous movement of tourists from Bulgaria to Macedonia has marked significant oscillations. Thus, in 1961, only 311 tourists from Bulgaria registered in Macedonia who had 634 overnight stays, with an average stay of 2.0 days. The maximum values of the visit of tourists from Bulgaria during the period of SFR Yugoslavia or SR Macedonia was 1967 with 21021 tourists and realized 29493 nights, but still with a low average of only 1.4 days stay in Macedonia. The next 1968 due to the political situation in eastern European countries, the number of tourists from Bulgaria who stayed in Macedonia is rapidly decreasing to only 4003 tourists with 10283, but with an average of 2.5 days stay. This situation lasts briefly, for the following years the number of 131
tourists is increasing again, and in 1973 it was 19250 tourists with 26879 overnights, with a low average of 1.4 days. Under the influence of economic and political conditions, the number of tourists from Bulgaria to Macedonia again decreases continuously and reaches the minimum in 1987, with only 1479 tourists with 2754 overnights, an average of 1.8 days. Again under the influence of political turmoil, that is, the political and economic transition in Bulgaria, the number of tourists visiting Macedonia has increased substantially, and in 1990 it reached a maximum of 47071 tourists, which made 68417 overnight stays with a low average stay of only 1, 4 days. This year, most of the visitors from Bulgaria were of an economic nature, that is, they came for trade - selling and buying various products. Thus, based on the number of tourists, for this period we can conclude that it is characterized by significant oscillations resulting from economic and political conditions. Table 1. Development of tourist trade in the Republic Macedonia and tourists from the Republic of Bulgaria in the period 1961-2015 year (for 55 years) Tourists Nights Year Total Foreign That that That that form form Total Foreign Bulgaria Bulgaria 1961 327024 144688 311 1005891 359442 634 1962 340585 152111 717 1183384 400881 1252 1963 253792 121964 2843 762743 275171 4871 1964 295938 159466 3811 929600 376258 7673 1965 330392 196954 11401 967677 447717 19185 1966 378572 220853 15133 1141467 490861 21723 1967 380758 234104 21021 1040420 516364 29493 1968 389583 224556 18740 1089205 464476 26038 1969 432952 242214 4003 1342048 541747 10283 1970 465450 270762 7294 1281891 565826 10746 1971 507385 308558 10240 1426398 612850 13368 1972 549652 331800 10193 1579065 686976 17233 1973 612141 384785 19250 1663438 773327 26879 1974 600112 361986 16472 1828910 800586 26642 1975 685314 431008 11036 2033038 927567 23660 1976 715629 452534 11269 2006973 892492 20661 1977 820746 511723 13499 2307136 1016952 23262 1978 869571 536781 8322 2519690 1105737 17438 1979 885010 532282 9337 2912045 1210657 25154 1980 970387 578327 8522 3081372 1202005 13091 1981 973518 566425 7153 3122190 1114355 10668 1982 1006104 566469 6649 3305140 1066652 9513 1983 985224 519356 5076 3334031 998237 7340 1984 1059246 584207 8201 3300412 1077966 12111 1985 1141599 658644 9069 3707354 1448719 14423 1986 1180806 671903 6540 3907111 1461270 9821 1987 1183160 689016 1479 3978028 1551920 2754 1988 1111187 645097 2778 3734832 1416692 5660 1989 1032072 590230 7197 3522747 1348095 18794 1990 974537 562411 47071 3099508 1170516 68417 1991 710278 294323 25923 2740484 576338 39425 1992 585699 219062 29907 2139631 382376 56670 1993 647728 208191 41320 2706373 362663 77999 1994 613154 185414 33437 2476998 335530 68671 1995 503837 147007 21992 1804310 275749 47111 1996 476205 136137 24358 1696930 277265 47176 1997 451871 121337 20425 1587146 265524 44577 1998 575080 156670 37566 2426461 359538 81209 1999 549630 180788 18770 2313142 474394 43849 2000 632523 224016 27623 2434639 493867 59027 2001 333308 98946 8484 1254582 212751 17177 2002 441712 122861 11703 1850384 274720 24413 2003 483151 157692 14147 2006867 346200 28772 2004 465015 165306 12156 1865434 360589 25262 2005 509706 197216 17462 1970041 442988 32678 132
2006 499473 202357 17421 1917395 442845 34184 2007 536212 230080 18901 2019712 518088 37246 2008 605320 254957 21922 2235520 587447 42246 2009 587770 259204 23619 2101606 583796 46656 2010 586241 261696 15513 2020217 559032 29098 2011 647568 327471 18541 2173034 755166 35152 2012 663633 351359 19815 2151692 811746 38551 2013 701794 399680 20914 2157175 881375 40473 2014 735650 425314 26480 2195883 922513 48862 2015 816067 485530 29314 2394205 1036383 52748 Total 35817071 18263828 862340 119753605 38861197 1598019 Source: Statistical Yearbook of the SRM (1962-1991) and Macedonia (1992-2016). Calculated by the author. Figure 1. Numerous movements of tourists from R. Bulgaria to the R. Macedonia, 1961-2015 Figure 2. Number of nights moving from R. Bulgaria to the R. Macedonia, 1961-2015 During this period, travel was mostly organized through travel agencies from both countries. The most frequent destinations for tourists from Bulgaria were: Ohrid, Struga, monastery St. Naum, Customs, Oteshevo, Pretor, Dojran, Skopje, Mavrovo, Popova Shapka, Krusevo, Pelister, Katlanovska Bath, Debar Baths, Bitola and others. During the whole mentioned period, tourists from Bulgaria were far fewer than other foreign tourists (the Serbs were the most numerous tourists, followed by tourists from other regions Croatia, Greece, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands, Montenegro, the United Kingdom, Italy, etc.). 133
Figure 3. Numerous movements of tourists from R. Bulgaria to the R. Macedonia, 1961-1990 Figure 4. Number of nights moving from R. Bulgaria to the R. Macedonia,1961-1990 Third tourist period (from 1991 to present) The third tourist period began in 1991 after the dissolution of SFR Yugoslavia and the proclamation of independence of the Republic of Macedonia on September 8, 1991. In 1991, the number of tourists from Bulgaria who visited Macedonia was 25923 people who had 39425 overnight stays with an average stay of 1.5 days. From Table 1 and Charts 5 and 6 we can notice that from 1991 to 2001 we registered significant fluctuations in the downward trend in the tourist visit and stay of Bulgarian tourists in Macedonia, which is due to insufficient tourist organization, promotion and offer from both sides, but also of the internal military conflict in the Republic of Macedonia. Macedonia, which caused a decrease in tourists. Thus, in 2001 the number of tourists from Bulgaria dropped to 8484 who had 17177 overnight stays, with an average stay of 2.0 days. Already since 2002, the tourist visit and stay of Bulgarian tourists in Macedonia has been more organized and has been growing continuously, with a small exception, and caused by a tourist tragedy. Namely, on September 5, 2009, the tourist boat "Ilinden" (an old German ship, which was adapted as a tourist and transported 74 passengers and was registered for 43) is flooded in Lake Ohrid. The ship suffered a major accident and drowned - 15 Bulgarian tourists were killed. In 2009, the number of tourists from Bulgaria was 23619 who made 46656 nights, with an average stay of about 2 days. As the result of the tragedy next year, the number of tourists dropped to 15513, which also made 17,117 overnight stays with an average stay of 2.0 days. After 2010, the number of tourists from the Republic of Bulgaria who are staying in the Republic of Macedonia is constantly increasing. Thus in 134
2015 the number of Bulgarian tourists in Macedonia is 29314 with 52748 overnight stays with an average stay of 1.8 days. The most frequent tourist destinations visited by tourists from Bulgaria are the cities, the villages, the lakes, the baths, the mountains, but there are also hunting, fishing, gastronomic, cultural and sporting events. Overall, Macedonia is an interesting tourist destination for tourists from Bulgaria. This trend of growth of tourists from the Republic of Macedonia. Bulgaria towards R. Macedonia is a result of mutual promotion and support and tourism as a branch that brings together and economically promotes. Figure 5. Numerous movements of tourists from R. Bulgaria to the R. Macedonia,1991-2015 Figure 6. Number of nights moving from R. Bulgaria to the R. Macedonia,1991-2015 Conclusion Tourism as an economic activity can contribute in linking the two countries and peoples. Travel facts presented evidence of the mutual cooperation between the Republic Bulgaria and R. Macedonia, which has a long tradition. To extend and increase tourism cooperation requires well-designed tourist offer and promotion of the two countries. In addition to talking this work, but the idea of exploring the tourist movements in the Republic of Macedonia to the Republic of Bulgaria. Research that can reveal many unknown things that will initiate cooperation posodrzhajna firmer grounds. 135
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