DLR.de Chart 1 Stepwise Integration of UAS into the ATM System Dr. Bernd Korn DLR Institute of Flight Guidance
DLR.de Chart 2 UAS integration: All vehicles in all airspace
DLR.de Chart 3 Equivalent UAS Operations Integration with ATC / ATM relay C³ link Relay NAV, AFCS, FMS FTS, MMS other aircraft direct C³ link follow ATC advisories select COM frequ. & XpdrCode UAV strobe lights ACAS see & avoid Radar Display with a/c labels & UAV identifier VHF COM SSR Mode A/C/S UAS Pilot Ground Control Station telephone Air Traffic Control
DLR.de Chart 4 Safety Layers in Civil Airspace German UAV Demonstrator Program WASLA-HALE (2000-2008) PHASE I+II PHASE III
DLR.de Chart 5 UAS Intergration into Airspace Procedural Airspace closure ATC Procedural TCAS OR Procedural Off-Route Concept Detect & Avoid mod. ATC mod. TCAS Higher Sep - Minima Detect & Avoid
DLR.de Chart 6 How to enable UAS-specific procedures? Manned traffic Add ATCO for additional UAS-traffic UAS-traffic Virtual Teaming of UAS ATCO and UAS-Operator Shared Situation Awareness
DLR.de Chart 7 Concept elements UAS specific separation minima: e.g. 9 nm / 2000 ft In case of conflicts with manned aircraft: priority is given to manned aircraft à Only UAS-ATCO has to react! In emergency situations: UAS gets priority * Conflict Detection Avoidance Responsibility Avoidance Manoeuvre Assignment Centre GW0001 FL370 0.78 Start Descent ba360 Start Potential Conflict Area ROW002 FL370 0.74 Altitude Restricted Area ea360 ba360 ea360 *Derived from the Sectorless ATM concept, now Flight Centric ATC in SESAR 2020 (see Korn and Birkmeier, DASC 2009, DASC 2010, DASC 2011, DASC2012 )
DLR.de Chart 8 ATC UAS Communication UAV UAS Pilot Ground Control Station telephone Air Traffic Control
DLR.de Chart 9 ATC UAS Communication UAV UAS Pilot Ground Control Station telephone Air Traffic Control
DLR.de Chart 10 Simulation Environment UAS-ATCO WP Traffic_Sim UAS GCS Pseudopilot WP Controller WP Data pool Datalink Conflict Detection Avoidance Responsibility Avoidance Manoeuvre Assignment Centre GW0001 FL370 0.78 Start Descent ba360 Start Potential Conflict Area ROW002 FL370 0.74 Altitude Restricted Area ea360 ba360 ea360
DLR.de Chart 11 UAS ATCO Interface (for 6 UAS)
DLR.de Chart 12 Simulation Setup Objective: What happens in off-nominal situations (emergencies) à Assess potential for separation violation Scenario Two differnet HALE missions in German Airspace M1: Reconnaissance M2: Transfer Manned Traffic (very busy day from Sep 2008) 6 UAS Off-Nominal Situations: E1: Route deviation E2: Datalink loss E3: Stall (sudden descent) 20 iterations per scenario (starting point of each UAV-mission was different in each iteration)
DLR.de Chart 13 Events E1: Deviation from cleared ATC routes unexpected deviation from the planned route by 5-10 degrees and returns back to original route after approx. 15 NM E2: Datalink loss UA is automatically entering a datalink recovery procedure: UA is flying a helix-like climb pattern (approx. 5NM radius) from its actual altitude up to FL500 in order to try to re-establish communication. E3: Stall (sudden descent) UA is suddenly executing a steep descent of ca. 4000ft due to a stall event until it recovers and returns to its original flight path.
Folie 14 > Vortrag > Autor
DLR.de Chart 16 Conflicts for E3 (Stall event) 240 UAV flights
DLR.de Chart 17 Conflicts for E1 (Route deviation) 240 UAV flights
DLR.de Chart 18 Conflicts for E2 (D/L recovery pattern) 240 UAV flights
DLR.de Chart 19 E2 D/L loss: returning to original flightplan after recovery Long CDA Helix Descend
DLR.de Chart 20 Conclusion Concept for integration UAS with UAS specific separation requirements Additional UAS specific controller position Could relax requirements for the UAS D/L and Sense & Avoid equipment Offers possibility to stepwise integrate UAS Almost no change on Standard ATC Traffic Management Clear set of rules what to do for conflict avoidance In nominal and off-nominal situations First simulation results show: Conflict potential can be minimised by good mission planning Good recovery strategy from off-nominal events can minimize risk of separation violation
DLR.de Chart 21 Here at the World Congress UAS GCS ATCO-Position Live Demonstration Tue: 11:00 and 15:15 Wed: 11:00 and 15:15 Thu: 11:00
DLR.de Chart 22