KRETINGOS DVARO SODYBOS FONTANAI

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mo gyvenamojo namo aplinkos archeologiðkai vertingø sluoksniø ar radiniø nerasta. Tas pats buvo ir plotuose 23 (3x3 m dydþio), ir 24 (4x3 m dydþio), tirtuose bûsimoje nuotekø valymo árenginiø vietoje tarp statomo gyvenamojo namo R galo ir Ðvokðlës upelio pakrantës, bei plote 25 (3x3 m dydþio) ir ðurfuose 5 6 (kiekvienas jø 1,5x2 m dydþio), tirtuose aukðèiau minëto lauko keliuko vietoje. VILLAGE TRACES IN THE BAIÈIAI ANCIENT CEMETERY PRESERVATION AREAS The main purpose of the 2006 field evaluation was to assess the areas planned for the siting of electric power poles, a sanitation pit, and a driveway to a lot owned by D. Tamoðaitis. An evaluation was made on the edge of the grounds of Baièiai (Baitai) cemetery (trench 22) and in the preservation areas safeguarding the cemetery from physical and visual impact (trenches 23 25, test pits 2 6) (i.e. to the E and SE of the buildings of a former collective farm and at the construction site for Tamoðaitis residential home). A total area of 54 m 2 was excavated. Only trench 22 contained an archaeological layer, which had been formed in historical times, most likely during the 17 th 18 th centuries as a result of domestic activities in nearby Baièiai (Baitai) village. KRETINGOS DVARO SODYBOS FONTANAI Julius KANARSKAS Kretingos dvaro sodyba susiformavo XVIII a. antroje pusëje XX a. pradþioje ir turi architektûrinæ, urbanistinæ, kraðtovaizdinæ ir istorinæ vertæ. 2004 m. archeologiniai þvalgymai parodë, kad be minëtø vertingøjø savybiø, ji turi ir archeologinæ vertæ èia aptiktas XVI XIX a. dvarvietës kultûrinis sluoksnis ir X XIII a. degintiems kapams bûdingø archeologiniø radiniø (ATL 2004 metais, V., 2006, p. 150 152). Nuo 2004 m. vyksta dvaro sodybos parko tvarkymo darbai, kuriø metu atnaujinti takai, rekonstruota degtø plytø mûro tvora, atlikta rûmø bei akmenø tvoros pamatø hidroizoliacija. Dvaro sodybos valdytojas Kretingos rajono savivaldybës KM planuoja tvarkant ir atnaujinant parkà atstatyti jame buvusius fontanus. Jø vietoms ir iðlikimo bûklei nustatyti 2004 m. pradëti archeologiniai tyrimai. Pagal tyrinëjimø darbø subrangos sutartá, sudarytà su UAB Pamario restauratorius, 2006 m. tyrimo darbai buvo tæsiami dviejø fontanø vietose (1 pav.). Fontano 1 vieta yra þemiausioje dvaro parko teritorijos dalyje, parterio ÐV pakraðtyje, prieðais rûmus. Fontano 2 vieta yra apie 115 m á PR nuo fontano 1 ir tiek pat á P nuo dvaro rûmø pagrindinio korpuso PR kampo, geometriðkai planuotos parko dalies ÐR plote. Tyrimø metø fontano 1 vietoje iðtirtas 87 m 2 dydþio plotas. Jame atidengti XIX a. pabaigos XX a. pradþios fontano baseino pamatai su dugno liekanomis ir vandentiekio sklendës ðachta. Pamatai buvo akmenø mûro, apskritimo plano, 4,8 4,92 m vidinio ir 5,9 6 m iðorinio skersmens, árengti H abs 22,77 m aukðtyje. Baseino vidinis skersmuo 5 m, dugnas iðklotas akmenimis, suriðtais be- 198

1 pav. Kretingos dvaro sodybos parkas, fontano 1 ir fontano 2 situacijos planas. Dþ. Brazaièio brëþ. Fig. 1. Kretinga Estate Park, situation plan of fountain 1 and fountain 2. 199

tono skiediniu, vëliau iðbetonuotas, yra H abs 22,84 m aukðtyje. Sienelë tinkuotø plytø mûro, 32 cm storio (aukðèio nustatyti nepavyko). Sklendës ðachta 1,29x1,53 m dydþio, degtø plytø sienomis ir dugnu, árengta fontano R pakraðtyje (2 pav.). Fontanà juosë á V pusæ þemëjantis takas, kuris yra H abs 23,32 23,44 m (R pusëje) H abs 23,12 23,18 m aukðtyje. Virð fontano ir tako XX a. supiltas nuo 50 57 cm (V dalyje) iki 1,06 m (R dalyje) storio þemiø ir griuvenø sluoksnis, pakeitæs reljefà (3 pav.). 2004 ir 2006 m. tyrimai parodë, kad fontano 1 vietoje ir aplinkui esanèiame parke prieðais rûmus iðliko istorinæ ir archeologinæ vertæ turintis XVI a. pabaigos XIX a. pirmosios pusës Kretingos dvarvietës kultûrinis sluoksnis, kuriame aptikta daug keramikiniø þiestø ir apþiestø indø ðukiø, puodyniniø ir plokðèiøjø kokliø fragmentø, molio tinko, geleþiniø kaltiniø viniø, gyvuliø kaulø, pastebëta degësiø ir angliø liekanø, rastos 6 XVI 2 pav. Fontano 1 liekanø planas: 1 pamatas, 2 sienelë, 3 sklendës ðachta, 4 vandentiekio vamzdis, 5 baseino dugno fragmentas, 6 vandens nubëgimo vamzdis, 7 duobë. D. Jonkuvienës brëþ. Fig. 2. Plan of the remains of fountain 1: 1 foundation, 2 wall, 3 gate valve shaft, 4 water pipe, 5 fragment of the pool bottom, 6 drain pipe, 7 pit. XVIII a. sidabro monetos (kaldintos Vengrijoje, Livonijoje, Prûsijoje) (4 pav.), XVII a. sidabro þiedas ir kitø kultûrinæ vertæ turinèiø radiniø. Dvarvietës kultûriniame sluoksnyje rasta 15 suardytiems X XIII a. degintiems kapams bûdingø radiniø pasaginë segë, apyrankiø ir antkakliø fragmentai, þvangutis, apkalas, plokðtelës, susilydþiusiø dirbiniø liekanos, deginto kaulo fragmentas. Ðiø radiniø atsiradimo aplinkybës kol kas neaiðkios: jie pateko ið vietoje sunaikintø kapø arba buvo atveþti ið kito kapinyno kartu su þemëmis. 200

3 pav. Fontano 1 liekanos. J. Kanarsko nuotr. Fig. 3. Remains of fountain 1. 1 2 Fontano 2 vietoje atidengtas 156 m2 dydþio plotas, kuriame aptiktos fontano liekanos. Fontanas buvæs pailgas ÐR PV kryptimi, ovalo su pusapskrièiais galais ir þvaigþdiniais kampais plano, 16 m ilgio ir 10,7 m ploèio, ágilintas á molio gruntà. Dugnas iðpiltas þvyru ir iðgrástas smulkiais skaldytais akmenimis. Sienelës tinkuotø plytø mûro, 70 cm aukðèio, virð þemës pavirðiaus iðkilusios 12 cm (5 pav.). Fontanà juosë takas, po kuriuo ÐR dalyje iðmûryta 1,7x1,58 m dydþio vandentiekio vamzdyno sklendës ðachta. Kitø fontano árangos detaliø (skulptûros, jos postamento, vandens purkðtuvø) neaptikta. Fontano baseino dugnas yra Habs 25,38 m, sienelës buvo 3 3 cm 0 4 5 6 4 pav. Monetos ið dvarvietës kultûrinio sluoksnio: 1 Prûsijos 2 graðiai (1773 m.), 2 Vengrijos denaras (1580 m.), 3 Livonijos ðilingas (1653 m.), 4 Prûsijos 3 graðiai (1783 m.), 5 Rygos ðilingas (1596 m.), 6 Ðvedijos ðilingas (1630 1633 m.). J. Kanarsko nuotr. Fig. 4. Coins from the manor site s cultural layer: 1 Prussian twogroat (1773), 2 Hungarian denar (1580), 3 Livonian shilling (1653), 4 Prussian threegoat (1783), 5 Rîga shilling (1596), 6 Swedish shilling (1630 1633). Habs 26,08 m, o takas Habs 25,93 m aukðtyje. Manoma, kad fontanas nuo XX a. antro deðimtmeèio buvo apleistas, o XX a. viduryje nugriautas. Nustatyta, kad já griaunant, ba- 201

Archeologinæ vertæ turinèio kultûrinio sluoksnio ar pavieniø radiniø antrojo fontano vietoje nerasta. THE FOUNTAINS ON THE GROUNDS OF KRETINGA MANOR 5 pav. Fontano 2 liekanø planas: 1 þvyro takas, 2 sklendë, 3 ðachta, 4 plytø mûro sienelë, 5 esamas vandentiekio vamzdis, 6 tinkuotø plytø sienelë, 7 vandens nubëgimo vamzdis, 8 baseinas (dugnas grástas akmenimis). D. Jonkuvienës ir J. Kanarsko brëþ. Fig. 5. Plan of the remains of fountain 2: 1 gravel path, 2 gate valve, 3 shaft, 4 brick wall, 5 existing water pipe, 6 plastered brick wall, 7 drain pipe, 8 pool (bottom paved with stones). seinas buvo uþverstas sieneliø griuvenomis, akmenimis ir atveþtinëmis þemëmis. Jo ÐV dalyje pastatytas ðiltnamis, kuris nugriautas XX a. 8 deðimtmetyje, o sklendës ðachtos vietoje árengta buitiniø atliekø duobë. An area 243 m 2 in size, in which the remains of two fountains were found (Fig. 1), was excavated in Kretinga Estate Park in 2006. Both fountains had been built in the 1870s, fallen into disrepair, and in the 1 st half of the 20 th century, been filled in. At the site of fountain 1, the pool foundation was unearthed together with the remains of the bottom and the water gate valve shaft (Figs. 2 3). The stone and brick foundation is circular with an outer diameter of 4.8 4.92 5.9 6 m and an inner diameter of 5 m. The bottom is paved with stones bound with concrete mortar and later covered with concrete. The walls are made of plastered brick while the valve shaft s bottom and walls are made of fired brick. Fountain 2 was 16 m long (NE SW) and 10.7 m wide, had an oval main body, semicircular ends, and angular projections, and had been deepened down to clay soil (Fig. 5). The bottom had been paved with small crushed stone covered with gravel. The plastered brick walls were 70 cm high and rose 12 cm above the surface of the ground. The water gate valve shaft was on the NE under the path surrounding the foundation. A cultural layer with coins (Fig. 4) that was connected with the manor and dates to the late 16 th 1 st half of the 19 th century was found at the site of fountain 1 and finds characteristic to cremations from the 10 th 13 th centuries were also collected there. 202