Ancient Greece Chapter 4
Who were they? Traders Where did they come from? Island of Crete in the Aegean Sea Minoans http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3m5dhmsk3a
Knossos Vast Palace Frescoes Watercolor Paintings Minoan Art
Worshipping of the Bull Mother goddess Minoan Religion
Minotaur King Minos of Crete had a maze built The offspring of Minos wife and the white bull http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6kguwh Kq30I Minoan Myth
Volcanic eruption Earthquake Outside invaders Disappearance of a Civilization
Who were they? Sea Traders: absorbed other cultures traditions Established city-states Where are they from? Indo-Europeans who conquered Greece Mycenaean
1250 B.C. Economic war between the Mycenaean and Trojans. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =YbiR6IMf5KQ Trojan War
Homer The Illiad Eloquence honor https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=nq62frk74u0 The Odyssey Courage Bravery http://www.youtube.com /watch?v=qhxak1aeexi Greek Legends
Landscape Defines Political Boundaries Mountains Water City-state (polis) Major city or town and its surrounding countryside Acropolis: high city, temples of gods/goddesses Citizens: free residents but unequal in power Geography of Greece
Monarchy Hereditary ruler exercises central power Aristocracy Rule by a hereditary landholding elite Oligarchy Small, wealthy elite Types of Government Evolve
http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-his tory/sparta Sparta: A Warrior Society
War was #1 focus for Sparta. Didn t talk much, simple people, #1 focus war. Woman role: Were independent, have kids and take care of property. Did get educated and had athletics. Marriages not important- more about for having kids. #1 focus for men was war. Homosexuality normal If babies considered weak would be killed. At age 7 boys were taken from home and trained for 12 years until they entered the army. Spartan Society
Focus was toughness and discipline. No crying, no showing pain. Ritual where boys were put in a group and whipped and whoever lasted longest highly honored. When in training they were given such little food they had to steal, but if caught punished. Fox story Spartan Training
In training during the winter they were given 1 cloak and no shoes for the whole winter. They served until age 30. Then they would be apart of government. Everyone respected Spartans, but hated to fight them. Spartans never backed down and were ready to die. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ogfk5pjsluo 1:30 Spartan Training
Had secret police, secrecy, and soldiers were always being watched. Why? Had slaves called helots. They were from places they conquered. There were a lot more slaves than rulers, so they ruled harshly. (50 to 1) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ana3co83_gk start a 1:00 Sparta
What is this famous story about? 300 Spartans guard a narrow path and hold off a much larger Persian army. -----This allows the rest of the Greeks to get ready for war and they defeat Persians. All 300 Spartans died. 300
Toughest in our military. The best try and only 20 out of 100 make it. In hardest 5 days they get a total of 4 hours of sleep and they do physical training for 20 hours a day and run a total of 200 miles. If you fail room inspection, could do three hours of pushups and mountain climbers. Surf torture- have them sit in cold water until they almost hit hypothermia, then repeat. Have to eat a lot because of exercise Navy Seals Training
The ability to control my emotions and my actions, no matter what, sets me apart from other men. If knocked down, I will get back up every time. I will draw on every remaining ounce of strength Attitude of teamwork. Navy Seals Principles
Navy Seals have similarities and have learned from Sparta. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfak BlQ R8 1:30-6:26 What would be some differences from Navy Seals and Spartans? Modern Day
Write down 5 things you learned about Sparta and/or Navy Seals. Could write about: 1) how boys and girls were raised, 2) what was important to Spartan people 3) how Sparta was viewed by others, 4) geography of Greece 5) training of Sparta or Navy Seals. Think/Pair/Share
City-state located in Attica From Aristocracy to Democracy Resented the power of nobles Defined as a government by the people Athens
Solon Outlawed debt slavery Freed slaves Gave offices to more citizens Economic Reform: encouraged exporting Citizenship remained limited to the wealthy Athens
Tyrant is a person who gains power by force. Pisistratus helped farmers and the poor Cleisthenes established a legislature, a lawmaking body, for the good of the country. Tyrants destroy Solon s legacy
System, established by Pericles, in which citizens take part directly in the day-to-day affairs of government Direct Democracy
Jury system: panel of citizens who make a final judgment in a trial Ostracism: banish, or send away, a public figure for 10 years Key attributes of Direct Democracy
Limited Democracy Only landowning men can vote Women no political influence Boys attended school to read and write: encouraged men to explore knowledge Athens
Women played a significant role in: Religion Managed the entire household Cared for the children https://www.youtube.com /watch?v=rozrupbk03e Role of Athens women
Mount Olympus Zeus Aphrodite Athena Ares Athena Myths that explain the Gods Greek Mythology
499 B.C. Ionian Greeks rebelled against Persian Rule Athens supported the rebellion Darius I sent a Persian army to defeat the Athenians. The Athenians won at Marathon. The Persian Wars
480 B.C. Xerxes sent a Persian army Spartans defended a mountain pass at Thermopylae led by King Leonidas Greeks defeated the Persian fleet of ships The Persian Wars http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qezr 3b2fOpM
Athens: leader of the league Felt they were victorious over the Persians; ignored the call of the Spartans A system of alliances Forced them to pay money contributions Delian League
Many Greeks resented Athenian domination Sparta defeated the Athens.27 year war The Peloponnesian War
Many think he is the founder of western philosophy. Questioner of everything and everyone. His style of teaching known as the Socratic Method involved asking question after question until his students arrived at their own understanding. He was accused of corrupting the youth of Athens and was sentenced to death. (Drank poison) Thought humans were limited in what they could know Thought something was right if the benefits outweighed consequences. Socrates
Student of Socrates and he is the one who recorded Socrates s beliefs. Some think the Academy he started is the world s first university. In his book The Republic he thought the best form of government was a wise king. What are some pros and cons of having a king? He believed things can exist in two places at the same time. Also believed this is just a form of a different world. Weird thing is some recent scientific theories sound similar to this. (quantum physics) Plato
Influenced nearly every aspect of human knowledge, from logic, biology, ethics, and government. Student of Plato and teacher to Alexander the Great. First to have good system of dividing animals and plants into groups Aristotle thought people were persuaded 3 ways: 1) Ethos-Speaker should be trusted, 2) Pathos- through emotions 3) Logos- use of logic Had system of studying nature that leads to scientific method that we use today. Aristotle
Which one of the three forms of persuasion from Aristotle work best on Americans today: 1) Ethos-Speaker should be trusted, 2) Pathos- through emotions 3) Logos- use of logic? Use the ACES strategy Journal Entry
What kind of government did Plato think is best? A. democracy B. Led by a wise king C. Led by 3 rulers Who started the first University? A. Aristotle B. Socrates C. Plato D. Pericles Who wrote about Socrates and his beliefs? A. Aristotle B. Socrates C. Plato D. Pericles How did Aristotle influence biology? According to Aristotle how are people persuaded? What is the Socratic method? Review Questions
Parthenon Greek Columns Greek Pottery The Dying Gaul Greek Art and Architecture
Greek Literature Greek tragedy Oresteia (human suffering) Herodotus Father of History Greek Comedy (Humorous Plays) Greek Writing
Pythagoras Right triangle: A2 + B2 = C2 Archimedes Principles of physics lever and pulley Hippocrates Greek physician Studied the causes of illnesses Hellenistic Science