Measuring the changing face of Global Sydney Contents Global Migration Index P.1 Key findings P.2 Trends P.5 Future releases P.8 A Global Sydney Globalisation has brought society more closely together than could possibly be imagined before. Social, economic, political, and cultural changes have been widespread in Australia and abroad, while communications and other technological advances have made it easier to contact family and friends or do business anywhere in the world. A key trend of globalisation has been the growing concentration of people, business, and political power in a small number of global cities, such as New York, London, and Paris. Sydney is Australia s foremost global city acting as a gateway to Australia, a base for many Trans-National Corporations (TNCs), and the nation s largest city by population and economy. These features have increasingly seen the Sydney region become a base for major business transactions and social interaction, attracting people from all over the world to live, work, and exchange knowledge and ideas. Global Migration Index Using Sydney as a first project, researchers from the ANZSOG Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra, and the Commonwealth Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC), are embarking on a range of efforts to explain the complex links between Global Cities. One of these is the creation of a Global Migration Index, or GMI, for Sydney. The GMI results are based on Census data from 2001 and 2011 to show changes in the multicultural make-up of urban areas. This has been done by comparing the 43 local councils across the Sydney region, from Wyong and Gosford in the north, west to the Blue Mountains, and south to Wollondilly, Campbelltown, and Sutherland. How the GMI is measured The GMI is a weighted index that considers four key factors: 1) Percentage of foreign born population; 2) Total foreign born population; 3) Percentage of population born in non-english speaking countries; and 4) Whether any one ethnic or national group makes up more than 25% of the foreign born population. Globalisation and Cities Research Program ANZSOG Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra
GMI findings: Who won? Who grew? Fairfield was the highest ranking local council for both 2001 and 2011. Councils across Sydney s west were the highest performers: Blacktown, Auburn, Canterbury and Parramatta made up the rest of the top five councils for 2011. The lowest-ranking councils were on Sydney s urban fringe. Wollondilly ranked the lowest in both 2001 and 2011. Hawkesbury, Wyong, Camden and the Blue Mountains made up the rest of the bottom five. Driving distance to the centre of Sydney, and access to passenger train services, have significant impacts on councils GMI scores. Blacktown recorded the highest change in GMI between 2001 and 2011, rising from 0.88 to 1.48. The Sydney region s main business centres also recorded a much higher GMI in 2011 than 2001. City of Sydney, Parramatta, and North Sydney were among the top five councils in terms of their increase in GMI to 2011. Other large increases in GMI occurred in Sydney s northwest, in areas such as The Hills and Ryde. Marrickville and Botany Bay had the largest declines in GMI. Most councils bordering the City of Sydney, and the region s urban-rural western fringe, recorded lower GMIs in 2011 than 2001. Fairfield recorded a lower GMI in 2011 than 2001, despite ranking first in the Sydney region in both years. Picture: Hannah Wooden 2011 rank Table 1: GMI in 2001 and 2011 Council name GMI 2001 GMI 2011 1 Fairfield 1.90 1.73 2 Blacktown 0.88 1.48 3 Auburn 1.20 1.37 4 Canterbury 1.46 1.32 5 Parramatta 0.69 1.26 6 Liverpool 0.87 1.01 7 Bankstown 0.73 0.87 8 Sydney 0.27 0.85 9 Strathfield 0.74 0.84 10 Rockdale 0.62 0.73 11 Holroyd 0.36 0.73 12 Ryde 0.33 0.66 13 Randwick 0.44 0.51 14 Hornsby 0.15 0.50 15 Burwood 0.67 0.49 16 Willoughby 0.18 0.40 17 Ashfield 0.48 0.39 18 The Hills -0.02 0.37 19 Botany Bay 0.48 0.26 20 Hurstville 0.16 0.22 21 Ku-ring-gai 0.02 0.21 22 Canada Bay -0.16 0.11 23 Kogarah 0.05 0.04 24 Waverley 0.14 0.03 25 Marrickville 0.41 0.00 26 North Sydney -0.43-0.03 27 Campbelltown -0.18-0.04 28 Lane Cove -0.41-0.33 29 Woollahra -0.25-0.34 30 Warringah -0.54-0.44 31 Penrith -0.69-0.45 32 Manly -0.85-0.69 33 Hunters Hill -0.70-0.72 34 Mosman -0.79-0.75 35 Leichhardt -0.76-0.80 36 Sutherland -0.93-0.93 37 Pittwater -1.11-1.10 38 Gosford -1.28-1.19 39 Blue Mountains -1.28-1.36 40 Camden -1.40-1.40 41 Wyong -1.47-1.45 42 Hawkesbury -1.52-1.57 43 Wollondilly -1.55-1.61 2
3 Figure 1: GMI, 2011
4 Figure 2: GMI change, 2001-2011
Trends of GMI indicators Percentage of foreign born population Areas in Sydney s inner west and south west had the highest percentages of foreign-born population. Auburn topped the list in 2011 with 55.92 per cent. Fairfield, Strathfield and Burwood were also above 50%. Councils on Sydney s urban fringe recorded the lowest percentages. Wyong had the lowest result in both 2001 and 2011, at around 12%. Wollondilly, Hawkesbury, Camden and Gosford were all below 16% in 2011. Parramatta and Hurstville had the largest increases, with their proportions of foreign-born residents rising by more than seven per cent. The largest decreases were in Marrickville (4.6%) and Botany Bay (1.3%). Figure 3: Percentage of foreign-born population in the Sydney region, 2001 and 2011 Total number of foreign born population Blacktown had the largest number of foreign born residents in 2011, at 112,879. Other top ranking councils in 2011 were mostly in Sydney s south west. Hunters Hill (geographically the smallest council in Sydney) had the smallest number of foreign born residents in both 2011 and 2001. Other low ranking councils were from Sydney s urban-rural fringe or the north shore. These included Wollondilly, Hawkesbury, Mosman, Camden, and Lane Cove. The largest increase in foreign born population between 2001 and 2011 was in Blacktown (up by 30,631), followed by the major business centres of the City of Sydney and Parramatta. Foreign born populations fell in Marrickville, the Blue Mountains, and Hawkesbury. 5
Figure 4: Foreign-born population in the Sydney region, 2001 and 2011 Percentage of population from non-english speaking countries In this Index, English-speaking countries refer to Australia, the UK and Ireland, New Zealand, the USA, and Canada. In 2011, Auburn had the highest proportion of residents born in non-english speaking nations, with 53.5%. This included sizable populations (more than 1,000 people) from China, India, South Korea, Lebanon, Sri Lanka, Turkey, and The Philippines. Other councils in Sydney s west and south west, including Fairfield and Strathfield, also ranked highly in this category. Outlying areas including Wyong, Wollondilly, and Hawkesbury had the lowest concentrations of people from non-english speaking countries (all below 6% of their total populations). Parramatta and Hurstville had the largest increases in non-english speaking populations, jumping by more than eight per cent. Marrickville, Botany Bay, and Waverley had the largest decreases. Figure 5: Percentage of population from non-english speaking countries in the Sydney region, 2001 and 2011 6
Presence of a dominant ethnic group Areas where more than 25% of the foreign-born population are from one nation, are considered in the GMI as having a dominant ethnic group. Most councils across the Sydney region had no one nationality making up more than 25% of their foreign born populations. People from the United Kingdom were the most likely to comprise more than a quarter of a council s foreign-born population. In 2011 this occurred in 12 councils, mostly on Sydney s urban fringe, the Central Coast, and the north shore. The Blue Mountains had the highest proportion, with 43.5% of its foreign-born residents from the UK. Chinese populations in Burwood, Hurstville and Kogarah more than doubled between 2001 and 2011. This also took their proportions in these three councils foreign-born populations above 25%. Fairfield had a significant and stable proportion of residents born in Vietnam, making up 26% of the area s foreign born population in 2001 and almost 28% in 2011. Fairfield also has Sydney s largest numbers of residents born in Cambodia, Thailand, and Iraq. Figure 6: Areas where more than 25% of the foreign-born population are from the one nation, 2011 7
Globalisation and Cities Research Program Future releases The Global Migration Index is part of a research cluster investigating Global Cities and Migration. Future releases to come include: Convenor: Dr Richard Hu, CPP AICP ANZSOG Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra T: (02) 6201 2051 F: (02) 6201 5608 E: richard.hu@canberra.edu.au ANZSOG Participants: Shaun Allen Lucas Carmody Michael Cusack DIAC Participants: Anita Davis Richard Manderson William McClure Dan Payne Building 23, Level B University Drive South University of Canberra ACT 2601 Global Competitiveness Index The Global Competitiveness Index (or GCI) will compare the population, employment, and economic growth in knowledge-intensive sectors, of council areas across the Sydney region. When combined with the Global Migration Index, it will determine how competitive Sydney is at attracting talented workers and residents from other parts of Australia and the world. Living and working in Global Sydney A large-scale survey is being carried out to determine factors attracting people to live and work in the Sydney region. The survey will also show the many work, family, and socio-cultural links people have within and beyond Sydney, to provide in-depth accounts of globalisation and urbanisation. Connecting Australia with Asia This involves using passenger flight data to map people movement and Australia s increasing engagement with Asia. Focusing on the Global Cities of Sydney and Shanghai, we will be able to see patterns and trends of Australia s network with the world, through the flows of people movement. About the Globalisation and Cities Research Program This program is investigating the social, economic, political, and cultural changes of major cities in the context of globalisation. It aims to unravel the complexities of globalisation and urbanisation, their contributory and resultant factors, and their associated challenges for policy and planning. Key research issues include global cities, urban competitiveness, urban planning and governance, migration, and space of flows in cities. This program is particularly interested in capturing the positioning of Australian cities in a global urban network or hierarchy, and the way Australia integrates with the world through its key urban centres. It attempts to uncover the interrelationships between Australian cities and their counterparts in the Asia- Pacific, the internal and external dynamics of such interrelationships, and the resulting priorities for urban planning and policy. Understanding Australian cities in this global context will inform strategies and decision-making at global, national, regional, and local levels. It will also help effectively address globalised challenges, such as competitiveness, innovation, migration, sustainability, liveability, and social cohesion. 8