Shared Services Centre Technical Gvernance and Supprt Services Technical Apprvals Standards Dcument 14(H), Versin 03 Guidance t Single Pilt Helicpter Examiners fr the cnduct f: Type and Instrument Rating Skill Tests, Prficiency Checks and Operatr Prficiency Checks
Standards Dcument 14(H) v3 CONTENTS LIST Glssary f Abbreviatins and Terms 1 FOREWORD 2 EXAMINER QUALIFICATIONS and AUTHORISATION 3 EXAMINER STANDARDISATION 4 PROFICIENCY CHECKS 5 SKILL TESTS 6 OPERATOR PROFICIENCY CHECKS 7 SKILL TEST and PROFICIENCY CHECK CONDUCT and ADMINISTRATION Appendices Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Appendix 4 Test and Check Schedule and Assessment Criteria Test and Check Tlerances Guidance Ntes fr the SPH Skill Test and Prficiency Check Briefing CAA Guidance t all Examiners n Examiner Behaviurs. January 2017 Page 2 f 38
Standards Dcument 14(H) v3 GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS AMC AC ATPL CfR CPL EASA FEH FE (CPL) FE (H) FE (PPL) FIE (H) GM IFR IMC IR IRE Part-FCL ME MEH OM OPC Prficiency check (PC) Renewal Revalidatin RT SE SEP SET Skill Test (ST) SPH SSC TEM TRI VFR Acceptable Means f Cmpliance Assessment f Cmpetence Airline Transprt Pilt Licence Certificate f Revalidatin Cmmercial Pilt Licence Eurpean Aviatin Safety Agency Flight Examiners Handbk Flight Examiner Cmmercial Pilt Licence Flight Examiner Helicpters Flight Examiner Private Pilt Licence Flight Instructr Examiner (Helicpter) Guidance Material Instrument Flight Rules Instrument Meterlgical Cnditins Instrument Rating Instrument Rating Examiner Part Flight Crew Licensing Multi Engine Multi Engine Helicpter Operatins Manual Operatr Prficiency Check Demnstratin f skill t revalidate r renew a rating and including such ral examinatins as may be required. The administrative actin taken after a rating r certificate has lapsed fr the purpses f renewing the privileges f the rating r certificate fr a further specified perid. The administrative actin taken within the perid f validity f a rating r certificate which allws the hlder t cntinue t exercise the privileges f a rating r certificate fr a further specified perid, cnsequent upn the fulfilment f specified requirements. Raditelephny Single Engine Single Engine Pistn Single Engine Turbine Demnstratin f skill fr a licence r rating issue, including such ral examinatin as may be required. Single Pilt Helicpter Shared Services Centre Threat and Errr Management Type Rating Instructr Visual Flight Rules January 2017 Page 3 f 38
Standards Dcument 14(H)V3 1. FOREWORD 1.1 The Civil Aviatin Authrity (CAA) is the cmpetent authrity f the UK fr the issue f pilt licences, ratings and certificates in accrdance with the Aircrew Regulatin (Regulatin (EU) 1178/2011 as amended and fr the versight f their cnditin and use. In fulfilling this rle, the CAA is required t prvide versight dcumentatin, including standards and acceptable means f cmpliance that may be used by relevant persnnel and rganisatins t allw them t perfrm their tasks, discharge their respnsibilities and establish cmpliance with the Basic Regulatin (Regulatin (EC) 216/2008). 1.2 This dcument is intended t give guidance t examiners n the manner in which skill tests and prficiency checks shall be cnducted fr the issue, revalidatin and renewal f type ratings in helicpters certified fr single-pilt peratins, fr the revalidatin and renewal f single-pilt instrument ratings and fr the cnduct f peratr prficiency checks. This dcument cvers the requirements fr ratings cntained within licences issued by the CAA in accrdance with EASA- FCL and ICAO requirements. 1.3 The tests and checks cnducted in helicpters certified fr single-pilt peratin but perated multi-pilt and subject t peratr prficiency checks as required by Part OPS are als cvered in this dcument. 1.4 Nthing in this dcument is intended t cnflict with the Aircrew Regulatin r UK statute law which remains the primary authrity. Whilst every effrt is made t ensure that all infrmatin is crrect at the time f publicatin, the CAA reserves the right t amend this dcument as required t accmmdate changes t the primary authrity dcuments, t crrect errrs and missins r t reflect changes in natinal plicy and best practice. 1.5 Thrughut this Dcument the fllwing editrial practices and definitins shall apply: "Shall" and "Must" are used t indicate a mandatry requirement. "Expect" and "Shuld" are used t indicate strng bligatin. "May" is used t indicate discretin. "Examiner" is used t indicate a persn wh hlds a valid examiner certificate issued by the cmpetent authrity f an EASA member state and, where the certificate was nt issued by the UK CAA, has cmplied with CAA Infrmatin Ntice 2016/03 dated 08 January 2016 Prcedures fr Examiners Hlding Part FCL certificates Issued by Cuntries ther than the UK "Applicant" is used t indicate a persn wh is seeking the issue, revalidatin r renewal f a pilt licence, certificate r rating. "He/She" The prnun 'he' is used thrughut fr ease f reading 1.6 This dcument and ther CAA Standards Dcuments are available n the CAA web site www.caa.c.uk/standardsdcuments and can be dwnladed t users withut charge. The CAA Scheme f Charges and applicatin and reprt frms are als available frm the www.caa.c.uk 1.7 If, after reading this dcument, there are any queries r cmment, please cntact: Civil Aviatin Authrity Shared Services Centre Technical Gvernance and Supprt Services Technical Apprvals Aviatin Huse Gatwick Airprt Suth West Sussex RH6 0YR Tel N.: 01293 573700 Email: technicalapprval@caa.c.uk CAA Helicpter Flight Examiner Cntact Details: Captain Fred Crss: Captain Richard Craske: 07760 347055 / fred.crss@caa.c.uk 07795 060845 / richard.craske@caa.c.uk January 2017 Page 4 f 38
Standards Dcument 14(H)V3 2. EXAMINER QUALIFICATIONS AND AUTHORISATION 2.1 General Requirements 2.1.1 Examiners are certified by the CAA t cnduct skill tests and prficiency checks in accrdance with the EASA Aircrew Regulatin and are granted apprpriate licence signing pwers t supprt and facilitate the licensing system. The privileges and requirements f examiners are set ut in EASA Part-FCL Subpart K and the assciated GM and AMC. Each examining rle carries different requirements in terms f pre-requisites, training and assessment fr appintment. 2.2 Certificatin f Examiners 2.2.1 Examiners are required t cmply with the fllwing requirements: (a) Hld an equivalent licence, rating r certificate t the ne fr which they are cnducting skill tests, prficiency checks r assessments f cmpetence. (b) Hld the privilege t instruct fr that licence, rating r certificate. (c) Be qualified t act as pilt in cmmand n the aircraft during a skill test, prficiency check r assessment f cmpetence when cnducted n the aircraft. (d) Have met the flying experience and instructinal experience requirements fr examiner certificatin as specified in EASA Part-FCL Subpart K and this dcument. (e) Have cmpleted an apprved curse f examiner training and standardisatin and passed an assessment f cmpetence with an inspectr f the authrity r a senir examiner appinted by the authrity fr that purpse fr the examiner rle being perfrmed. f) Have met the ICAO English Language prficiency at Level 4. 2.2.2 In additin fr an OPC the examiner must als hld: (a) A valid EASA SFE r TRE authrisatin, as applicable. If hlding a FE (H), then the examiner must be acceptable t the CAA (nrmally have cmpleted a TRE curse). (b) A valid skill test r prficiency check n the relevant type and als a valid UK AOC peratr s OPC (the cmpany referred t, need nt be the peratr fr whm they are cnducting the check). Mst imprtantly, the activity must be subject t the scrutiny f the AOC Operatr s cmpliance system t ensure cmpliance with their standards. This shuld include, fr example, peridic bservatins f the cnduct f an OPC by third party examiners, and arrangements fr ensuring each is in pssessin, and has an adequate wrking knwledge f, the current OM Part D. 2.3 Examiner Designatin 2.3.1 Examiners shall nt cnduct skill tests, fr the issue f a licence, rating r certificate, when they have been respnsible fr the recmmendatin f the applicant fr that applicant t take that skill test. An examiner may test a student t whm they have given up t 25% instructin required fr the licence rating r certificate. 2.3.2 Examiners shall nt cnduct skill tests r prficiency checks whenever they feel their bjectivity may be affected, e.g. when the applicant is a relative r a friend f the examiner r when they are linked by ecnmical interests r plitical affiliatins. 2.3.3 Examiners wishing t cnduct a skill test fr the initial issue f a licence r rating are required t e- mail testntificatins@caa.c.uk with the infrmatin required by IN 2016/004 fr UK examiners and IN 2016/003 fr examiners wh certificates were issued by cuntries ther than the UK, prir t cnducting the test. Skill tests shall nt be cnducted until an e-mail respnse is received unless the ATO/AOC has an apprved prcedure in place that cmplies with the alternative prcess detailed in the Infrmatin Ntice. 2.3.4 Althugh there is nt a limit t the number f sequential tests r checks that examiners can carry ut n an individual candidate they shuld cnsider, cnducting nt mre than three cnsecutive tests n an individual whether successful r nt. January 2017 Page 5 f 38
Standards Dcument 14(H)V3 2.4 Cnducting Tests/Checks n Candidates with a Licence Issued by a Different Authrity 2.4.1 Hlders f an examiner certificate shall nt cnduct skill tests r prficiency checks n an applicant fr which the cmpetent authrity is nt the same that issued the examiner s certificate, unless they have read and cmplied with the EASA Examiners Differences Dcument available n the EASA website. (Nte the authrity that hlds the pilt s medical certificate is deemed t be the cmpetent authrity). 2.5 EASA Flight Tests Outside f the UK 2.5.1 UK examiners may carry ut EASA skill tests r prficiency checks in ther nn-easa cuntries prvided they meet any Natinal regulatins, especially thse regarding aircraft captaincy and aerial wrk, in additin t the apprpriate EASA requirements. 2.5.2 UK examiners may carry ut EASA skill tests r prficiency checks in ther EASA Member cuntries hwever the apprpriate Natinal Authrity must be infrmed befre any such testing is carried ut, whether n a UK issued licence hlder r therwise. Any Natinal requirements must be cmplied with in additin t the apprpriate EASA requirements. 2.6 Cnduct f skill tests and prficiency checks 2.6.1 When cnducting skill tests and prficiency checks examiners shall: (a) Ensure that cmmunicatin with the applicant can be established withut language barriers. (b) Verify that the applicant cmplies with all the qualificatin, training and experience requirements in Part FCL fr the issue, revalidatin r renewal f the licence, rating r certificate fr which the skill test, prficiency check r assessment f cmpetence is taken. (c) Make the applicant aware f the cnsequences f prviding incmplete, inaccurate r false infrmatin related t their training and flight experience. (d) After cmpletin f the skill test r prficiency check, the examiner shall: (i) Infrm the applicant f the result f the test. In the event f a partial pass r fail, the examiner shall infrm the applicant that he may nt exercise the privileges f the rating until a full pass has been btained. The examiner shall detail any further recmmended training requirement and explain the applicant s right f appeal. (ii) On the successful cmpletin f a prficiency check where the examiner has the privilege t revalidate/renew the rating n the licence, he may d s prvided that: the licence hlder has cmplied with the requirements fr revalidatin/renewal; and the rating/certificate is still shwn in Sectin XII n page 4 f the licence. Where the rating is n lnger shwn in Sectin XII n page 4 f the licence, applicatin must be made t the CAA fr the licence t be reprinted t include the rating/certificate and fr the certificate f revalidatin entry t be made by the CAA. The published fee will apply. Nte: If the licence has been returned t the CAA fr amendment at any stage an expired rating will be remved frm the frnt f the licence and endrsed n the back f the licence in the ratings previusly held by licence hlder, this wuld then require the licence t be submitted t CAA, with the apprpriate paperwrk and fee in rder fr the rating t be reinstated as an active rating n the frnt f the licence. (iii) Prvide the applicant with a signed Examiner Reprt Frm SRG 2138 (and Failure f Test Reprt SRG 2129 if applicable) fr the skill test r prficiency check and submit withut delay cpies f the reprt t the cmpetent authrity respnsible fr the applicant s licence, and t the cmpetent authrity that issued the examiner certificate. (iv) Maintain recrds fr 5 years with details f all skill tests, prficiency checks perfrmed and their results. (v) Upn request by the cmpetent authrity respnsible fr the examiner certificate, r the cmpetent authrity respnsible fr the applicant s licence, submit all recrds and reprts, and any ther infrmatin, as required fr versight activities. January 2017 Page 6 f 38
Standards Dcument 14(H)V3 2.7 Carriage f Passengers 2.7.1 There are a significant number f risks relating t the carriage f passengers n test r check flights. Fr this reasn, flight examiners are strngly discuraged frm carrying passengers during flight tests/checks fr the issue, renewal r revalidatin f licences r ratings. Shuld carriage f a passenger be cnsidered necessary, examiners are recmmended t seek advice frm a CAA Inspectr. Senir Examiners, CAA Inspectrs, r pilts underging flight examiner training bserving the cnduct f flight tests are nt cnsidered t be passengers fr the purpse f this instructin. 2.8 Candidate s Licence and Medical Validity 2.8.1 In accrdance with ANO 2016 it is an individual s respnsibility t ensure that his licence, medical and ratings are valid befre acting as the member f a flight crew. Hwever, examiners shall check a candidate s licence and medical certificate t ensure that any rating renewed r revalidated as a result f a flight check will be valid.. 2.8.2 Checks and tests fr rating issue, renewal r revalidatin may be carried ut n an individual whse licence r medical is ut f date. Hwever, befre the flight, the examiner must pint ut such discrepancies t the candidate and explain that, irrespective f the result f the flight test r check the candidate will nt be able t use the rating. Where a check is carried ut n an individual whse licence has expired, n entry shuld be made n the Certificate f Revalidatin. Instead, the candidate shuld be given the cmpleted frms SRG 1173 and SRG 2138 fr him t send t SSC with his applicatin fr a new licence. 2.8.3 If the examiner is satisfied that all relevant dcumentatin is in rder he may prceed with the check/test; hwever, if his inspectin f the dcumentatin raises any cncerns as t the fitness r qualificatin f the individual t take the test r t exercise the privileges which a pass wuld cnfer, the examiner shuld refer the matter t a CAA Staff FE (cntact details cntained in the Frewrd f this dcument), fr cnfirmatin that he may prceed with the test. 2.9 Aircraft Airwrthiness Requirements 2.9.1 Aircraft in the UK are nw either issued an EASA Certificate f Airwrthiness r, fr aircraft t which the Basic EASA Regulatin des nt apply, a UK CAA Certificate f Airwrthiness. The categries f aircraft t which the Basic EASA Regulatin des nt apply are set ut in Annex II t the Regulatin. Aircraft hlding a valid EASA Certificate f Airwrthiness and Airwrthiness Review Certificate (ARC) may be used fr remunerated flight training and testing subject t their meeting the airwrthiness requirements laid dwn in CAP 747 in that their engine/s must be changed n life rather than n cnditin. Fr remunerated tests and checks, aircraft hlding a valid UK CAA Certificate f Airwrthiness must be maintained t a recgnised and accepted maintenance standard that meets the requirements f the ANO regarding cmmercial peratins.. Examiners must ensure that any test aircraft meets these airwrthiness prvisins. Grup r privately wned aircraft that are maintained t private standards under an EASA Certificate f Airwrthiness r UK CAA Certificate f Airwrthiness may nly be used fr remunerated checking/testing under very specific cnditins and must meet the maintenance requirements laid dwn in General Exemptins ORS4-1143 and ORS4-1161 r their replacements befre being used fr a ne-ff test if the examiner is t be paid fr his services. Further guidance n the use f private aircraft fr CPL and IR skill tests is cntained in Standards Dcument 7 (AH). 2.9.2 Aircraft t which the Basic EASA Regulatin des nt apply are cmmnly referred t as 'Annex II Aircraft' r 'Nn-EASA' aircraft. These aircraft include vintage and ex-military types. Where these aircraft fall int an EASA class the ANO 2016 authrises UK-issued EASA licence hlders t fly these aircraft and t carry ut training and testing fr Part-FCL licences and ratings in them. Hwever, UK-issued licence hlders cannt fly nn-uk registered Annex II aircraft unless they have met the licence validatin and any ther requirements f the state f registratin even when the state f registratin is in the Eurpean Ecnmic Area. 2.9.3 If examiners have any dubt abut the airwrthiness f an aircraft ffered fr test they shuld check the apprpriate technical lgs and/r cnsult a licensed engineer. January 2017 Page 7 f 38
Standards Dcument 14(H)V3 2.10 New Technlgy Helicpters 2.10.1 In rder t be able t cnduct flight tests effectively it is imprtant that examiners are cmpetent in the use f the mdern systems nw being fund in the latest helicpters. Befre testing n any aircraft equipped with a multi-panel EFIS, examiners must underg the Differences r Familiarisatin training required by Part FCL. 2.11 Simulated Instrument Flying 2.11.1 The Head f Training f the ATO is respnsible fr prviding a means f limiting external visual reference fr the applicant that ensures all required maneuvres and prcedures are cnducted by sle reference t instruments, whilst nt restricting the examiner s ability t cnduct an effective lkut. Examiners must satisfy themselves that the means adpted by the ATO is satisfactry. Where there is dubt f the efficacy f the view limiting device(s) the matter shuld be referred t a CAA Flight Inspectr. 2.12 Aerdrmes/Heliprts t be Used fr Training and Testing 2.12.1 Under the prvisins f ANO 2016 (as amended), instructin in flying and carrying ut flight tests fr the grant f a pilt s licence r the inclusin f an aircraft rating r a night qualificatin can take place at an unlicensed aerdrme if using helicpters/gyrplanes with a maximum ttal weight authrised nt exceeding 3175 kg. Hwever, it is a cnditin f Article 209 that bth the peratr f such an aerdrme and the cmmander f the aircraft are satisfied n reasnable grunds that the aerdrme has adequate facilities fr the safe cnduct f such flights. CAP 793, Safe Operating Practices at Unlicensed Aerdrmes, cntains guidance n what cnstitute adequate facilities. Examiners must satisfy themselves that aerdrmes are suitable fr the cnduct f flight test and shuld nt undertake a flight test where it is apparent that the guidance in CAP 793 and the requirements f Part-ORA, ORA.ATO.140 has nt been met. 2.13 Flight Tests in Freign Registered Aircraft 2.13.1 Flight tests and training in aircraft registered utside the Eurpean Ecnmic Area r UK Dependent Territries are subject t bth airwrthiness and licensing restrictins. If valuable cnsideratin is t be given t the examiner r instructr then the aircraft is being used fr cmmercial peratins and the flight is subject t ANO 2016 Art 7. Examiners shuld familiarise themselves with Article 7 t determine whether any mnies they receive fr their services might be cnsidered t be valuable cnsideratin. Prir t undertaking such a flight, the peratr f the freign registered aircraft must btain an perating -permit (permissin). Further infrmatin is available at www.caa.c.uk/friegncarrierpermits r telephne 02074 536436 2.13.2 In additin, befre acting as pilt-in-cmmand f a freign registered aircraft, the licensing requirements f the state f registratin must be met in accrdance with ANO 2016 Art 148 and 149. In the case f EASA member state aircraft, a valid EASA licence is required. 2.14 Insurance 2.14.1 Examiners and applicants shuld always clarify their psitin regarding insurance befre cnducting a test. Althugh aircraft in the UK must nw carry third party insurance cver, this cver may be limited t aircraft cmmanders wh are members f a particular club, grup r schl. Furthermre, it is unlikely that such insurance will cver persnal injury r death f the examiner. Any cver that examiners currently enjy by virtue f being emplyed at a flying schl may well nt cver them while undertaking examiner duties elsewhere. Examiners are therefre strngly recmmended t take ut insurance t cver themselves against bth persnal liability and persnal injury while examining. 2.15. Examining with an Operatinal Multi-crew Limitatin (OML) 2.15.1 Sme examiners have an OML placed n their medical certificate restricting them t fly as r with a qualified c-pilt. Examiners with an OML shuld, therefre, make clear t an applicant during the pre-flight brief that they have an OML and hw, in general terms, any incapacity might manifest itself, and what steps the applicant shuld take in the event f examiner incapacitatin. January 2017 Page 8 f 38
Standards Dcument 14(H)V3 3 EXAMINER STANDARDISATION 3.1 Timings 3.1.1 An examiner shuld allw an applicant adequate time t prepare fr a test r check, nrmally nt mre than 1 hur. 3.1.2 An examiner shuld plan a test r check flight s that all required exercises can be perfrmed while allwing sufficient time fr each f the exercises and with due regard t the weather cnditins, traffic situatin, ATC requirements and lcal prcedures. 3.1.3 An examiner shuld plan per day nt mre than fur tests r checks relating t type ratings. When planning the duratin f a test, check r assessment f cmpetence, the fllwing values frm GM1 FCL.1015 shuld be used as guidance: (a) (b) (c) 3.2. Purpse f the Test 45 minutes fr a type ratings VFR nly; 60 minutes fr IR type ratings. 120 minutes fr MP type ratings 3.2.1 An examiner shall determine thrugh practical demnstratin during a test r check that an applicant has acquired r maintained the required level f knwledge and skill r prficiency. 3.2.2 An examiner shall imprve training and flight instructin in ATOs by feedback f infrmatin abut items r sectins f tests r checks that are mst frequently failed. 3.2.3 An examiner shall assist in maintaining and, where pssible, imprving air safety standards by displaying gd airmanship and flight discipline during tests r checks. 3.3 Cnduct f the Test r Check 3.3.1 An examiner will ensure that an applicant cmpletes a test r check in accrdance with Part-FCL requirements and is assessed against the required test r check standards. 3.3.2 Each item within a test r check sectin shuld be cmpleted and assessed separately. The test r check schedule, as briefed, shuld nt nrmally be altered by an examiner. A failed item is nt always a failed sectin, fr example type rating skill test r prficiency check where a failure f an item in a sectin des nt fail the entire sectin, nly the failed item is taken again. 3.3.3 Marginal r questinable perfrmance f a test r check item shuld nt influence an examiner s assessment f any subsequent items. 3.3.4 An examiner shuld verify the requirements and limitatins f a test r check with an applicant during the pre-flight briefing. 3.3.5 When a test r check is cmpleted r discntinued, an examiner shuld debrief the applicant and give reasns fr items r sectins failed. In case f a failed r discntinued skill test and prficiency check, the examiner shuld prvide apprpriate advice t assist the applicant in re-tests r rechecks. 3.3.6 Any cmment n, r disagreement with, an examiner s test r check evaluatin r assessment made during a debriefing will be recrded by the examiner n the test r check reprt, and will be signed by the examiner and cuntersigned by the applicant. 3.3.7 An examiner shuld encurage a friendly and relaxed atmsphere t develp bth befre and during a test r check flight. A negative r hstile apprach shuld nt be used. During the test r check flight, the examiner shuld avid negative cmments r criticisms and all assessments shuld be reserved fr the debriefing. January 2017 Page 9 f 38
Standards Dcument 14(H)V3 3.4 Examiner Preparatin 3.4.1 An examiner shuld supervise all aspects f the test r check flight preparatin, including, where necessary, btaining r assuring an ATC slt time. 3.4.2 An examiner will plan a test r check in accrdance with Part-FCL requirements. Only the maneuvres and prcedures set ut in the apprpriate test r check frm will be undertaken. The same examiner shuld nt re-examine a failed applicant withut the agreement f the applicant. 3.5 Methd and Cntents f the Test r Check 3.5.1 Befre undertaking a test r check an examiner will verify that the aircraft r FSTD intended t be used is suitable and apprpriately equipped fr the test r check. 3.5.2 A test r check flight will be cnducted within the limitatins cntained in the peratins manual f an ATO. 3.5.3 A test r check is cmprised f: (a) ral examinatin n the grund which shall include: (i) aircraft general knwledge and perfrmance; (ii) planning and peratinal prcedures; (iii) ther relevant items r sectins f the test r check. (b) pre-flight briefing which shall include: (i) test r check sequence; (ii) pwer setting, speeds and apprach minima, if applicable; (iii) safety cnsideratins. (c) in-flight exercises will include each relevant item r sectin f the test r check. (d) pst-flight debriefing which shall include: (i) (ii assessment r evaluatin f the applicant; dcumentatin f the test r check with the applicant s instructr present, if pssible. 3.5.4 A test r check is intended t simulate a practical flight. Therefre, an examiner may set practical scenaris fr an applicant while ensuring that the applicant is nt cnfused and air safety is nt cmprmised. 3.5.5 When maneuvres are t be flwn by sle reference t instruments, the examiner shuld ensure that a suitable methd f screening is used t simulate IMC (see para 2.11). 3.5.6 An examiner shuld maintain a flight lg and assessment recrd during the test r check fr reference during the pst r flight debriefing. 3.5.7 An examiner shuld be flexible t the pssibility f changes arising t pre-flight briefings due t ATC instructins, r ther circumstances affecting the test r check. 3.5.8 Where changes arise t a planned test r check an examiner shuld be satisfied that the applicant understands and accepts the changes. Otherwise, the test r check flight shuld be terminated. 3.5.9 Shuld an applicant chse nt t cntinue a test r check fr reasns cnsidered inadequate by an examiner, the applicant will be assessed as having failed thse items r sectins nt attempted. If the test r check is terminated fr reasns cnsidered adequate by the examiner, nly these items r sectins nt cmpleted will be tested during a subsequent test r check. January 2017 Page 10 f 38
Standards Dcument 14(H)V3 3.5.10 An examiner may terminate a test r check at any stage, if it is cnsidered that the applicant s cmpetency requires a cmplete re-test r re-check. 3.6 Assessment Criteria 3.6.1 Althugh tests r checks may specify flight test tlerances, an applicant shuld nt be expected t achieve these at the expense f smthness r stable flight. An examiner shuld make due allwance fr unavidable deviatins due t turbulence, ATC instructins, etc. 3.6.2 An examiner shuld terminate a test r check nly when it is clear that the applicant has nt been able t demnstrate the required level f knwledge, skill r prficiency and that a full re-test will be necessary r fr safety reasns. 3.6.3 An examiner will use ne f the fllwing terms fr assessment: (a) Pass, prvided that the applicant demnstrates the required level f knwledge, skill r prficiency and, where applicable, remains within the flight test tlerances fr the licence r rating; (b) Fail prvided that any f the fllwing apply: (i) the flight test tlerances have been exceeded after the examiner has made due allwance fr turbulence r ATC instructins; (ii) the aim f the test r check is nt cmpleted; (iii) the aim f exercise is cmpleted but at the expense f safe flight, vilatin f a rule r regulatin, pr airmanship r rugh handling; (iv) an acceptable level f knwledge is nt demnstrated; (v) an acceptable level f flight management is nt demnstrated; (vi) the interventin f the examiner r safety pilt is required in the interest f safety. (c) Partial Pass in accrdance with the criteria shwn in the relevant skill test appendix f Part- FCL. 3.7 Debrief 3.7.1 Befre leaving the helicpter r the simulatr, the examiner shuld cnsult his marking sheet t finalise the assessment. There may be a questin that needs answering prir t leaving the cckpit, but it shuld nly be asked if it wuld affect the utcme f the test (e.g. t cnfirm an incrrectly set altimeter). 3.7.2 Befre beginning the debrief, the examiner shuld decide what the assessment fr each sectin is t be and what the retest requirements may be (if any). In reaching his decisin, the examiner may need t ask ne r tw questins e.g. t establish whether the candidate had a gd reasn fr taking a particular curse f actin. At this pint, the examiner shuld nt ask questins which will nt affect the decisin. If n fail pints have been recrded, the examiner shuld tell the candidate that he has passed, fllwed by a summary f any weak pints suggesting, where necessary, the best way t vercme them. (There may be circumstances where it is mre apprpriate t summarise the weak pints befre letting the candidate knw the result). 3.7.3 If a fail has been recrded, examiners shuld: a) Ask questins as required; b) Give results f the test; c) Give reasns fr failure in descending rder f imprtance; d) Tell the candidate they may nt use the privileges f the type r instrument rating; e) State what the retest requirements may be; f) Tell the candidate hw t best prepare fr the retest; January 2017 Page 11 f 38
Standards Dcument 14(H)V3 g) Cmplete pst flight paperwrk (including Applicatin Frm SRG1173, Examiners Reprt Frm SRG 2138 and Examiners Reprt and Failure f Test frm SRG 2129 if required. h) Any cmment n, r disagreement with, an examiner s test r check evaluatin r assessment made during a debriefing will be recrded by the examiner n the test r check reprt, and will be signed by the examiner and cuntersigned by the applicant. 3.7.4 The examiner shuld cnduct a fair and unbiased debriefing f the candidate based n identifiable factual items. It may be apprpriate t use a facilitative style f questining fr the debrief in rder fr the candidate t btain maximum benefit frm it. It shuld be nted that facilitative techniques are inapprpriate when debriefing a fail result but they may be used t discuss any fllw up pints. The fllwing pints shuld be discussed with the candidate at the examiner s discretin: a) Hw t avid r crrect mistakes; b) Any ther pints f criticism nted; c) Any advice cnsidered helpful; d) Any gd pints. 3.7.5 Examiners shuld cnsult their test ntes prir t the debrief and decide n the assessment any retest requirements in rder t plan what is t be said in the debrief and in general: D Be factual and quantitative. Be fair (give praise when deserved). Be cnstructive (hw t avid r crrect). Be prepared t cncede (graciusly!). Encurage self-analysis (but nt self-assessment). Cnsider situatinal awareness, R/T discipline, trends CRM and TEM. Include all fail pints. Listen. Dn t Ask the candidate t assess himself. Be vague. Be emtive (avid aggressin, irritability, sarcasm). Be aplgetic. Nitpick. Persnalise. Exaggerate. Ramble. Debrief items yu are unsure f. Impse yur wn SOPs. Undermine Cmpany SOPs. 3.8 Use f Flight Directrs, FMS & EFIS Equipped Helicpters 3.8.1 Sme helicpters being flwn tday have sphisticated EFIS and Flight Directr cckpits. The examiner must be prepared t recgnise the benefits that such sphisticatin brings and rientate the test r check accrdingly. Fr IR(H) rated pilts wh are required t cmplete tw instrument appraches, ne shuld be flwn with the pilt demnstrating his ability t use all the equipment n bard the helicpter. The ther apprach shuld be flwn using the minimum IFR equipment accrding t the MEL fr the type. The g-arund with ne engine inperative (OEI) may be flwn after either apprach. 3.8.2 The examiner must be satisfied that the candidate knws hw t use the helicpter systems t be able t prgramme any aircraft management system t achieve the safe utcme f the prcedure t be flwn; e.g. the examiner desn t need t see the candidate fly the hlding pattern nly that he/she knws hw t crrectly prgramme the FMS (if fitted) t achieve the exercise. 3.9 Flight Simulatin Training Devices (FSTDs) 3.9.1 A flight simulatr shall be used fr practical training and testing if the flight simulatr frms part f an apprved type-rating curse and/r recurrent training prgramme. The fllwing cnsideratins will apply t the apprval f the curse: a) Qualificatin f the flight simulatr b) Qualificatins f the instructr and the examiner c) Amunt f line-rientated flight training prvided n the curse; January 2017 Page 12 f 38
Standards Dcument 14(H)V3 d) Qualificatins and previus line perating experience f the pilt under training; and e) Amunt f supervised line flying experience prvided after the issue f the new type rating. 3.9.2 Prir t any test an examiner must ensure that the simulatr is qualified and check it is listed in the ATO manual r OM Part D fr use. 3.9.3 Befre the test/check the technical lg must be checked fr defects, training limitatins and a visual safety inspectin made f the area in the vicinity f the simulatr. 3.9.4 All applicants must be given a briefing n the fire alarm system, safety equipment and use f escape rpes etc. prir t the test. 3.9.5 All persns including the IOS Operatr shuld be in full harness befre the selectin f mtin. 3.9.6 The test shuld be flwn in real time as far as practicable. Hwever, judicius use f freeze is acceptable, as lng as the applicant is aware f this fact and it is nt used t assist a crew wh are nt thinking abut their psitin and time remaining t cmplete any relevant check lists etc. 3.9.7 Sme thught shuld be given t the value f cntinuing a simulated smke emergency t the landing, t see hw the crew cpe with the limited visibility. If smke is nt available, sme frm f etched gggles r ther methd shuld be used. 3.9.8 Differences between the cmpany aircraft and the simulatr must be briefed and pinted ut t the crew prir t the test/check. 3.9.9 Persns authrised t cnduct tests in the simulatr must themselves have had practical training in its peratin, especially with regard t the functinality f the Instructr Operating Statin r Cnsle (typically recrded thugh issue f an IOS curse cmpletin certificate). 3.9.10 Fllwing the test, examiners must ensure any snags, defects, unserviceabilities and lst time are recrded in the peratr s technical lg system. Simulatr peratrs have a requirement t mnitr defects as part f their quality system and reliability frms an essential part f the qualificatin and apprval prcess. Therefre shuld a simulatr engineer rectify a defect during the detail it is still imprtant that the fault be recrded in the technical lg. Where these have caused significant disruptin r persisted fr mre than ne check, the examiner shuld infrm the Head f FSTD Standards at the Civil Aviatin Authrity at the next pprtunity. 3.9.11 The level f turbulence fr the test/check shuld reflect the weather cnditins cnsidered nrmal fr the area f peratin and the specific weather briefing being prvided t the candidates. In the event that benign weather cnditins were prvided in the simulatr scenari, t simulate a highpressure influence fr example, then a minimum level f turbulence might be apprpriate. If the specific weather briefing reflected turbulence then such turbulence shuld be reflected in the simulatr. If the exercise is t cver high wind scenaris whether fr crsswind handling r wind shear etc. then an apprpriate level f turbulence shuld be reflected. The selectin f zer turbulence during a test/check wuld nt be cnsidered acceptable. If the examiner is cnducting a training exercise which requires precise flying limits t be demnstrated during a particular event, e.g. LVO training, the examiner may wish t have n external influences that may alter the aircraft's psitin in respect f the runway (i.e. n wind and n turbulence). In this case it wuld be quite acceptable nt t have any turbulence selected. 3.10 Multi-Pilt Operatins in Helicpters certified fr Single-Pilt Operatins 3.10.1 Where a helicpter is certified as a single-pilt type, but is perated as a MPH in accrdance with Part -OPS, the examiner, if s authrised, may cnduct the test r check fr either single-pilt r multi-pilt peratins, r bth. 3.10.2 If the rating is t be fr SPH peratin nly, the candidate is t take the test r check in accrdance with Appendix 9 t Part FCL, perated as single-pilt. 3.10.3 If the rating is fr MPH peratin f a type certified as SPH, the test r check shall still fllw the relevant SPH test r check schedule referred t at 3.10.2 abve but be cnducted as if fr MPH peratins. This is t be recrded n the ST/PC Frm and, fr revalidatin, n the candidate s January 2017 Page 13 f 38
Standards Dcument 14(H)V3 Certificate f Revalidatin as a rating valid nly fr multi-pilt peratins (e.g. S76/MP), and where the IR is revalidated r renewed at the same time: (S76/IR/MP). The candidate(s) must be reminded that they may nt exercise single-pilt privileges n that particular type. 3.10.4 If bth single-pilt and multi-pilt peratinal privileges are required, fr example tw pilt peratin fr public transprt and single pilt peratin fr psitining flights, the test r check shall be cnducted as at paragraph 3.10.2 but with additinal SPH items. The test r check will first cver the multi-pilt perating privilege with a cnstituted crew. The SPH privilege is then tested separately by cnducting a single engine ILS and OEI reject/cntinued Cat A prfile whilst perating single-pilt with the ccupant f the ther seat playing n part whatsever The SPH privilege is then tested separately by cnducting the asymmetric instrument items whilst perating single-pilt with the ccupant f the ther seat playing n part whatsever (fr example as a simulatin f c-pilt incapacitatin). The SPH element is t be recrded n the frm and, fr revalidatin, n the candidate s Certificate f Revalidatin as a full SPH rating (e.g. S76). A secnd line is required fr the IR (SP), in this instance: (IR/SP). 3.10.5 Helicpters certified as MP may nt be used t test r check fr single-pilt ratings. 3.11 Use f Autpilt 3.11.1 Examiners will permit the use f autpilt n a skill test r prficiency check as the equipment is an integral part f the peratinal fit f the helicpter. If the applicant intends t use the autpilt at any stage during the flight, it must be checked fr crrect peratin prir t flight in accrdance with the Flight Manual and peratr s checklist. The applicant shuld be familiar with perating the autpilt in bth HDG and NAV mdes. En rute climbs, descents and turns may be made thereafter with the assistance f the autpilt. The use f autpilt shuld reduce fatigue and permit applicants t demnstrate a high standard f systems/flight management and lg-keeping. 3.11.2 Pilts are expected t check the peratin f all radi cmmunicatin (VHF R/T) and radi navigatin aids (ILS/VOR/DME/ADF) prir t flight wherever pssible. Fr displays where the VOR/LOC signal is mnitred electrnically and a name identifier displayed beside the crrespnding NAV frequency (fr example the NAV frequency windw n the Garmin 1000 display), the pilt may indicate such t the examiner in lieu f aural identificatin f the Mrse cding. The pilt must identify facilities in the cnventinal manner where they are nt autmatically cded by the equipment. 3.11.3 Fr digitally generated flight displays pilts will nt be expected t rtate the ILS/VOR track bar t check fr crrect sensing f a LLZ r VOR display. It is sufficient t indicate that the display crrectly interprets the selected frequency as either VOR r LOC and indicates apprpriately (fr example full scale fly left/right fr an ILS display). Hwever, if the Flight Manual Supplement fr the nav kit fitted includes specific test criteria then this will take precedence. 3.11.4 The candidate shuld pint ut all the checks they are cmpleting. Where autmatic test facilities are incrprated in equipment, their use shuld be fully demnstrated and explained by the candidate. Equipment with n aut-test facility shuld be checked against a lcal nav aid. The absence f navaids at certain lcatins may mean that the equipment cannt be tested n the grund. The absence f a navigatin aid signal des nt abslve candidates frm demnstrating knwledge f equipment checks s examiners shuld give cnsideratin t asking questins f candidates in rder t ascertain this level f knwledge. 3.11.5 Pilts intending t supplement cnventinal navigatin infrmatin with GPS derived infrmatin will be expected t check the validity f the GPS aviatin database and the integrity f the received GPS signal prir t flight. Whenever it is intended t use GPS derived navigatin infrmatin, it must either be crsschecked against anther surce f navigatin infrmatin prir t use r used with discretin. Pilts will be respnsible fr any navigatin errrs resulting frm incrrect use f GPS derived infrmatin. 3.11.6 In the simulatr, the examiner shuld ask the pilt t demnstrate their nrmal methd f checking instruments and nav aids by selecting a departure lcatin that has all the facilities required. The instrument element f an PC/ST requires the pilt t manually fly the precisin instrument apprach using raw data, uncupled frm the autpilt r flight management system, and, where pssible, withut the use f a flight directr. It is recgnised that n sme types this January 2017 Page 14 f 38
Standards Dcument 14(H)V3 facility cannt be disabled s such types are alleviated frm this requirement. At all ther times tests/checks shuld be riented t line flying peratins with apprpriate use f AP hlds. 3.11.7 Further instrument appraches n the skill test r prficiency check and all instrument appraches n an OPC may be flwn using the full suite f avinics available t the pilt. The g-arund with ne engine inperative may be flwn after either apprach. The cmpany training prgramme shuld be written t cver all majr abnrmal and emergency prcedures ver a three year perid t ensure that pilts are checked during flight with any system f the helicpter nt functining crrectly in accrdance with the MEL. Examiners may examine abnrmal and emergency prcedures during the instrument phase f any test. It is als entirely reasnable fr an examiner t disable r fail a particular facility/functin f an autpilt (e.g. the height hld) during any apprach. 3.11.8 In FMS equipped helicpters, the examiner must be satisfied that the candidate is able t demnstrate an apprpriate level f understanding f the helicpter system and is able t enter and execute rutes, prcedures and hlds as necessary. Althugh nt a mandatry test item, the hld may be examined and it may be sufficient fr the candidate merely t demnstrate his ability t crrectly prgramme the FMS t achieve the exercise. 3.12 Optinal Equipment 3.12.1 This sectin f the OPC is ften underutilised. The examiner shuld cnsider the equipment fit f the aircraft and its ptimum use - TAWS, Radar, GNSS, radalt etc and incrprate its use. A simple example is if a radalt is fitted t the aircraft, des the pilt knw/carry ut the pre-flight checks, the cmpany SOPs/POH/FM list fr the bug setting prcedures and what are the actins if the warning is triggered. The examiner culd intrduce a simulated scenari that wuld trigger an indicatin frm ptinal equipment t bserve the candidates respnse. 3.13 Simulated Malfunctins/Emergencies 3.13.1 Guidance n the testing f simulated malfunctins/emergencies can be fund at para 6.3.1 (e). 3.14 CRM/HF/TEM 3.14.1 Guidance n the testing f CRM/HF/TEM malfunctins/emergencies can be fund at para 6.3.6 and 6.3.7 4 PROFICIENCY CHECK 4.1 Definitins 4.1.1 The fllwing are definitins are used in EASA FCL: (a) Prficiency check means the demnstratin f skill t revalidate r renew ratings, and including such ral examinatin as may be required. (b) Renewal (f e.g. a rating r certificate) means the administrative actin taken after a rating has lapsed fr the purpse f renewing the privileges f the rating r certificate fr a further specified perid cnsequent upn the fulfilment f specified requirements. (c) Revalidatin (f e.g. a rating r certificate) means the administrative actin taken within the perid f validity f a rating r certificate which allws the hlder t cntinue t exercise the privileges f a rating r certificate fr a further specified perid cnsequent upn the fulfilment f specified requirements 4.2 Types f Prficiency Check 4.2.1 There are three prficiency check schedules dependant n whether the candidate wishes t revalidate r renew an IR nly, a type rating nly, r a type rating cmbined with an IR: (a) IR nly - The candidate shall cmplete Sectin 5 and thse parts f Sectin1 f the prficiency check relevant t the intended flight. An ral examinatin is nt required, hwever January 2017 Page 15 f 38
Standards Dcument 14(H)V3 the examiner may wish t clarify sme pints by ral questining. This cnfers n credit fr the sectins and items required if a type rating prficiency check is flwn n a separate ccasin. (b) Type Rating nly - The candidate shall cmplete sectins 1, 2, 3, and 4 plus 6 (as required) f the prficiency check. An ral examinatin is nt required, hwever the examiner may wish t clarify sme pints by ral questining. (c) Type Rating plus IR - The candidate shall cmplete sectins 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, plus sectin 6 as required f the prficiency check. An ral examinatin is nt required, hwever the examiner may wish t clarify sme pints by ral questining. 4.3 Type Rating Revalidatin Perids 4.3.1 The validity perid f a type rating shall be 1 year. When signing the licence the examiner shall validate the type rating t the end f the calendar mnth in which the check is cnducted. The check can be flwn up t 3 mnths befre the expiry date with n lss t the riginal expiry date. 4.4 Revalidatin f Type ratings 4.4.1 Fr revalidatin f type ratings the applicant shall pass a prficiency check in the relevant type f helicpter r an FSTD (representing that type and apprved fr the purpse) within the 3 mnths immediately preceding the expiry date f the rating; and have cmpleted at least 2 hurs as a pilt f the relevant helicpter type within the validity perid f the rating. The duratin f the prficiency check may be cunted twards the 2 hurs. 4.5 Revalidatin f type ratings by experience 4.5.1 Ratings may be revalidated by experience; it is nt pssible t renew a rating by experience. 4.5.2 When applicants hld mre than 1 type rating fr single-engine pistn helicpters listed in AMC 1 FCL.740 (nte the R22 & R44 are excluded), they may achieve revalidatin f all the relevant type ratings by cmpleting the prficiency check in nly 1 f the relevant types held, prvided that they have cmpleted at least 2 hurs f flight time as PIC n the ther types during the validity perid. The prficiency check shall be perfrmed each time n a different type. 4.5.3 When applicants hld mre than 1 type rating fr single-engine turbine helicpters with a maximum certificated take-ff mass up t 3175 kg, they may achieve revalidatin f all the relevant type ratings by cmpleting the prficiency check in nly 1 f the relevant types held, prvided that they have cmpleted: (a) 300 hurs as PIC n helicpters; (b) 15 hurs n each f the types held; and (c) at least 2 hurs f PIC flight time n each f the ther types during the validity perid. Nte: The prficiency check shall be perfrmed each time n a different type. 4.5.4 A pilt wh successfully cmpletes a skill test fr the issue f an additinal type rating shall achieve revalidatin fr the relevant type ratings in the cmmn grups abve. 4.5.5 The revalidatin f an IR (H), if held, may be cmbined with a prficiency check fr a type rating. 4.5.6 An applicant wh fails t achieve a pass in all sectins f a prficiency check befre the expiry date f a type rating shall nt exercise the privileges f that rating until a pass in the prficiency check has been achieved. In the case f revalidatin by experience, the applicant shall nt exercise his privileges in any f the types. 4.5.6 Where an examiner has revalidated a rating by experience the date f the prficiency check shall be entered n the licence nly fr the aircraft type the test was flwn n and EXP shuld be entered fr the date f test fr thse types revalidated by experience. The expiry date will be the same fr all the types revalidated at that time (see para 4.3.1). January 2017 Page 16 f 38
Standards Dcument 14(H)V3 4.6.1 Renewal f Type Ratings 4.6.1 If a type rating has lapsed, the applicant shall take refresher training at an ATO. The bjective f the training is t reach the level f prficiency necessary t safely perate the relevant type r class f aircraft. The amunt f refresher training needed shuld be determined n a case-bycase basis by the ATO, taking int accunt the fllwing factrs: (a) The experience f the applicant. T determine this, the ATO shuld evaluate the pilt s lg bk, and, if necessary, cnduct a test in an FSTD; (b) The cmplexity f the aircraft; (c) The amunt f time that has lapsed since the expiry f the validity perid f the rating. 4.6.2 The amunt f training needed t reach the desired level f prficiency shuld increase with the time lapsed. In sme cases, after evaluating the pilt, and when the time lapsed is very limited, the ATO may even determine that n further refresher training is necessary. 4.6.3 Once the ATO has determined the needs f the applicant, it shuld develp an individual training prgramme that shuld be based n the initial training fr the issue f the rating and fcus n the aspects where the applicant has shwn the greatest needs. A recrd f the refresher training prvided shall be maintained by the ATO. 4.6.4 After assessment and successful cmpletin f any training, the ATO shuld give a certificate, r ther dcumentary evidence that the training has been successfully achieved t the applicant, t be shwn t the examiner prir t the check and submitted t the cmpetent authrity when applying fr the renewal if apprpriate. The certificate r dcumental evidence needs t cntain a descriptin f the training prgramme r that the ATO assessed that n training was required. 4.6.5 On the successful cmpletin f a prficiency check where the examiner has the privilege t renew the rating n the licence, he may d s prvided that: the licence hlder has cmplied with the requirements fr renewal; and the rating/certificate is still shwn in Sectin XII n page 4 f the licence. Where the rating is n lnger shwn in Sectin XII n page 4 f the licence, applicatin must be made t the CAA fr the licence t be reprinted t include the rating/certificate and fr the certificate f revalidatin entry t be made by the CAA. A Frm SRG 1100 Temprary Authrisatin may be issued by the examiner see para 7.8.6. Nte: If the licence has been returned t the CAA fr amendment at any stage when a rating has expired, it will be remved frm the frnt f the licence and endrsed n the back f the licence in the ratings previusly held by licence hlder, this wuld then require the licence t be submitted t the CAA, with the frm SRG 1173 and fee in rder fr the rating t be reinstated as an active rating n the frnt f the licence. 4.7 LAPL(H) Recency Requirements 4.7.1 Hlders f a LAPL (H) shall nly exercise the privileges f their licence n a specific type when they have cmpleted n helicpters f that type in the last 12 mnths at least 6 hurs f flight time as PIC, including 6 take-ffs, appraches and landings and refresher training f at least 1 hur ttal flight time with an instructr. 4.7.2 Hlders f a LAPL (H) wh d nt cmply with the requirements at 4.7.1 shall pass a prficiency check with an examiner n the specific type befre they resume the exercise f the privileges f their licence; r perfrm the additinal flight time r take-ffs and landings, flying dual r sl under the supervisin f an instructr, in rder t fulfil the requirements abve. 4.8 Instrument Rating Revalidatin and Renewal 4.8.1 EASA-FCL states the revalidatin f an IR (H) may be cmbined with a prficiency check fr a type rating. When cmbining the revalidatins the applicant shall cmplete a prficiency check in accrdance with Appendix 9 t Part-FCL fr the relevant type f helicpter. When nt cmbined with the revalidatin f a type rating, nly Sectin 5 and the relevant parts f Sectin 1f the prficiency check shall be cmpleted. January 2017 Page 17 f 38