Lecture 12 Layout & Securing
LAYOUT & SECURING LECTURE STRUCTURE Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Ship Layout Demolition Container Securing
SHIP LAYOUT FULLY CELLULAR Details Total 13,344 TEU 800 Reefer points 51.2 m beam 15.5 m draught 366 m LOA Built 2009
SHIP LAYOUT LAYOUT
SHIP LAYOUT CELLULAR CONTAINER SHIP FEATURES 1. Wide, uncluttered weather deck 2. Large hatchways 3. Superstructure to stern (no cranes or derricks) 4. Depending on vessel size nine or more holds 5. Holds separated by bulkheads 6. Holds consist of steel framework 7. Steel girders form vertical stacks of cells guides 8. 1, 2, or 4 bays per hold 9. Walkway 10.Hatchway extends over entire hold
SHIP LAYOUT HATCH COVERS
SHIP LAYOUT HATCH COVERS
SHIP LAYOUT CONTAINER FULLY CELLULAR Design of containership dictates where Container length can be stowed Container types can be stowed Cell guides Ease handling operations Support stacked containers. May be reconfigured
SHIP LAYOUT SHIP LASHING METHODS Stacked Stowage Block Stowage
SHIP LAYOUT CELLULAR CONTAINER SHIP FEATURES
SHIP LAYOUT CELL GUIDE DESIGN V-shaped to guide container into cell. Cell guides Tank top to mirror curvature of hull
SHIP LAYOUT CELL GUIDES ABOVE DECK
SHIP LAYOUT REEFER SLOTS
SHIP LAYOUT CONSTRUCTION ISSUES Hull shape (wave creating) and appendages Hull coating and friction reduction Hold configuration (space utilization) Accommodation location (sightline) Propeller design & coating Number and location of engines Power type (oil, LNG) Optimum design speed Reduced ballast water requirements
When is a ship too large to build? Too large for a ship yard Strength of ship thicker steel Design Hull shape (wave creating) Number and location of engines Hold configuration Accommodation location (sightline) SHIP LAYOUT FUTURE DESIGN SIGHTLINE
SHIP LAYOUT BAYS ROWS - TIERS Bays the container blocks stored in the transverse (crossways) direction of a ship Rows - the lengthwise rows of containers stored in each bay Tiers the vertical pile of containers in each row
SHIP LAYOUT BAY NUMBERING 20 & 40 FOOT 38 01 Container ship only able to transport 20 foot containers - thirty-eight 20 foot bays ( 1 to 38) 19 01 Container ship only able to transport 40 foot containers - nineteen 40 foot bays ( 1 to 19) 75 01 Container ship of mixing 20 foot and 40 foot containers in each bay
SHIP LAYOUT BAY NUMBERING 20 & 40 FOOT 42 38 34 30 26 22 18 14 10 06 02 43 41 39 37 35 33 31 29 27 25 23 21 19 17 15 13 11 09 07 05 03 01 Container ship able to carry 20 and 40 foot containers 20 foot bays = odd numbers 40 foot bays = even numbers 01 03 02 25 27 26
SHIP LAYOUT BAY NUMBERING
SHIP LAYOUT FULL CELL REFERENCING BAY 25/26 Tier 90 88 86 84 82 Bay 25 Row 15 Tier 84 = 25-15-84 Bay 26 Row 15 Tier 86 = 26-15-88 18 16 14 12 10 08 06 04 02 14 12 10 08 06 04 02 01 03 05 07 09 11 13 Rows
SHIP LAYOUT ROW NUMBERING
SHIP LAYOUT ROW NUMBERING
SHIP LAYOUT ROW NUMBERING
SHIP LAYOUT BAY ROW - TIER
SHIP LAYOUT BAY-ROW-TIER NUMBERING BAY 25/26 BAY 27 20 foot container = 20 foot container = 40 foot container =
SHIP LAYOUT BAY-ROW-TIER NUMBERING BAY 25/26 BAY 27 20 foot container = 25-02-84 20 foot container = 27-02-84 40 foot container = 26-02-82
SHIP LAYOUT ISO 9711 ISO 9711 - Information related to containers on board vessels Part 1 Bay Plan System Part 2 Telex data transmission
SHIP LAYOUT CON-RO
SHIP LAYOUT SHIP PLANNING SOFTWARE SHIP VIEW
SHIP LAYOUT SHIP PLANNING SOFTWARE
LAYOUT & SECURING LECTURE STRUCTURE Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Ship Layout Demolition Container Securing
DEMOLITION DISPOSALS AND LOSSES
DEMOLITION DISPOSALS BREAKING COUNTRY DEMOLITION
DEMOLITION INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
LAYOUT & SECURING LECTURE STRUCTURE Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Ship Layout Demolition Container Securing
CONTAINER SECURING MECHANICAL STRAINS Gravitational Acceleration Static strains Storage and stacking Depends on dimension, weight, shape and height Dynamic strains During loading of cargo During transportation Lifting Loading Accelerating Braking Shunting Ship movement Setting down Forms Acceleration Shock Vibration engines, suspension
CONTAINER SECURING SHIP LASHING
CONTAINER SECURING LASHING ON A SHIP
CONTAINER SECURING LASHING SOFTWARE
CONTAINER SECURING LASHING BELOW DECK
CONTAINER SECURING FIXED FITTINGS ON A SHIP
CONTAINER SECURING LOOSE FITTINGS ON A SHIP
CONTAINER SECURING LOOSE FITTINGS ON A SHIP
CONTAINER SECURING LOOSE FITTINGS ON A SHIP
CONTAINER SECURING LOOSE FITTINGS ON A SHIP
CONTAINER SECURING SHIP RELEASING & SECURING Block Stowage Under Deck Block Stowage on Deck Stacked Stowage under Deck Stacked Stowage on Deck
CONTAINER SECURING MANUAL & AUTOMATIC TWIST LOCKS
CONTAINER SECURING FORCES ON CONTAINERSHIP Green water loads from bow slamming and boarding seas, particularly for lower freeboard feeder vessels Extreme motions, such as parametric rolling Accelerations at extreme geometric centre of gravity Loads by horizontal hatch cover motions Hull flexing & deformation, from bow slamming, whipping & twisting Stack dynamics, including racking & transverse forces Mis-declared container weights Adjacent stack interaction Human error Wear & tear or condition of containers & fittings Source: Lashing@Sea Study (2008) Slamming Surging Rolling Pitching Yawing Heaving
CONTAINER SECURING SHIP ROLLING LIGHT SEA - VIDEO
CONTAINER SECURING SHIP ROLLING HEAVY SEA - VIDEO
CONTAINER SECURING FORCES ON CONTAINERSHIP
CONTAINER SECURING MECHANICAL STRAINS
CONTAINER SECURING MECHANICAL STRAINS
CONTAINER SECURING THE COST OF POOR LASHING Major % containerised claims Non compliance to certified ship securing process Structural collapse of container due to stack weight +4 high stacking usually has rigorous unit weight constraints Improper lashing of 2 x 20 in 40 position on weather deck Sub-standard securing equipment Rogue securing equipment; Improperly maintained Not enough correct Overloading
CONTAINER SECURING CLIMATIC STRAINS Alternating climatic zones during shipment Truck Rail Barge Ship (on deck or under-deck) Storage All closed units / containers protect cargo against Rain Snow Sea water spray Dust Sun (heat and UV) Condensation may occur inside unit / container Inside humidity determined by cargo, packaging, inside air Condensation may occur inside unit / container Damage includes rust, mould, stains, discoloration, sticking of cargo and packages, collapse of stack
CONTAINER SECURING BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL STRAINS Biological strains High temperature, humidity and reduced air flow promote: Insects Fungal, bacteria and micro organisms Cargo and packing mostly contaminated prior to loading Some countries require fumigation Chemical strains Temperature, humidity and vessel movement Self heating and ignition IMDG Classes Class 1 Explosive Class 2 Gas Class 3 Flammable liquid Class 4 Flammable solids, dangerous wet Class 5 Oxidizing & unstable goods Class 6 Toxic & infectious Class 7 Radioactive Class 8 Corrosive Class 9 Miscellaneous