SWBAT: Explain How the Spanish-American War sparked the age of imperialism in America Do Now: a) Get a Chromebook from the back cabinet, log on, and access our Google Classroom b) Spanish-American War Web Quest
Setting the Stage for War Background: By demanding that a dispute between Venezuela and Great Britain be sent to arbitration, the United States defended the validity of the Monroe Doctrine. (Arbitration is the settlement of a dispute by a person or panel chosen to listen to both sides and come to a decision.) The British government backed down because it needed to stay on friendly terms with the United States. 1. What did the Monroe Doctrine proclaim regarding America s position during unrest in Europe and during European colonization?) In his message to Congress, Monroe set forth the following principles, which would later become known as the Monroe Doctrine: 1. The Western Hemisphere was no longer open for colonization 2. The political system of the Americas was different from Europe 3. The United States would regard any interference in Western hemispheric affairs as a threat to its security 4. The United States would refrain from participation in European wars and would not disturb existing colonies in the Western Hemisphere
Setting the Stage for War The United States became involved in the Cuban rebellion against Spain, to protect American business interests. 2. How did Spain deal with the rebels in Cuba? The Cubans were being treated horribly by the Spanish, which led to Cuba's desire for independence. Cubans were forced into slavery and thousands of them died from both starvation and disease.
Setting the Stage for War In competition for readership, two New York newspapers wrote exaggerated stories about the Cuban rebellion. This yellow journalism sold a lot of papers but had other effects as well: It whipped up American public opinion in favor of the Cuban rebels. It led to a burst of national pride and the desire for an aggressive foreign policy, which became known as jingoism. 3. What was the experience of most journalists covering the Cuban Rebellion? What did they do in their news articles? The Cubans were being treated horribly by the Spanish, which led to Cuba's desire for independence. Cubans were forced into slavery and thousands of them died from both starvation and disease.
Setting the Stage for War 4. Explore the headlines and write one down. How might this have inflamed American passions for war? Destruction Of The Warship Maine Was The Work Of The Enemy Misleading and used to stir up an emotion. 5. What did William Randolph Hearst allegedly say to Frederick Remington about the rebellion? "You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war."
Setting the Stage for War 6. What effect did yellow journalism have on the American public s view of the rebellion in Cuba? Reporters wrote stories designed to tug at the heartstrings of Americans 7. What is jingoism? Jingoism is patriotism in the form of aggressive foreign policy. Jingoism also refers to a country's advocacy for the use of threats or actual force, as opposed to peaceful relations, in efforts to safeguard what it perceives as its national interests. Colloquially, it refers to excessive bias in judging one's own country as superior to others an extreme type of nationalism.
Slowly, the demand for US intervention in Cuba began to build: Steps To War!!! The USS Maine was stationed in Havana harbor. Spanish Ambassador de Lôme insulted President McKinley. The press used this letter to intensify anti-spanish sentiments. 8. What did de Lôme say about McKinley? What headline did the New York Journal give the scandal? "It shows once more that McKinley is weak and catering to the rabble and, besides, a low politician who desires to leave a door open to himself and to stand well with the jingos of his party."
Slowly, the demand for US intervention in Cuba began to build: Steps To War!!! The USS Maine exploded, and the American public blamed Spain. 9. How did the Maine sink and how many were killed? It exploded 260 Americans killed 10. What concessions did Spain make in order to avoid war? How did this affect McKinley s address to Congress, if at all? What did he ask Congress to do? In an effort to appease the Americans without provoking the wrath of opposition groups at home, it agreed to two of the main conditions that the United States had laid down as necessary to gain peace in Cuba: the governor-general of Cuba was instructed by Spain to revoke reconcentration (a brutal policy of committing Cubans to camps); and the commander of the Spanish army, on April 9, was told to grant an armistice to the insurgents as a prelude to peace. Did not effect it he asked for a declaration of war against Spain.
A Splendid Little War May 1, 1898: The United States launched a surprise attack in Manila Bay and destroyed Spain s entire Pacific fleet in seven hours. July 1: Roosevelt led the Rough Riders up San Juan Hill. 11. Examine the painting by Frederick Remington of the Rough Riders. Do they look like an army? Why or why not?
A Splendid Little War July 3: The United States Navy sank the remaining Spanish ships after a surprise attack on Spain s fleet in Manila Bay (Philippines) and at Santiago (Cuba). This set off jubilous Independence Day celebrations in the US. 12. Examine the political cartoon. What does it suggest about the Philippines? What are McKinley s options and the implications? Who is watching?
The Treaty of Paris The Spanish government recognized Cuba s independence. Spain gave up the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico in return for $20 million. The island nations then became unincorporated territories of the United States. 13. What were the results and effects of the Treaty of Paris? **Be sure to review Treaty Provisions In accordance with the treaty, Spain: Gave up all rights to Cuba Surrendered Puerto Rico and gave up its possessions in the West Indies Surrendered the island of Guam to the United States Surrendered the Philippines to the United States for a payment of twenty million dollars
The Treaty of Paris 14. Examine the political cartoon from 1898. What territories had been added to the United States since 1798?
New Challenges After the War The Philippines President McKinley s arguments for annexation: Filipinos were unfit for self-government. Independence would bring anarchy from the Filipinos. European powers would try to seize the islands and new conflicts could result. The Filipinos fought a three-year war for independence. 15. When the United States refused to give the Philippines their independence, who led the Filipino forces in opposition to the U.S.? What kind of war was it? Emilio Aguinaldo Guerilla Warfare
New Challenges After the War Cuba President McKinley installed a military government in Cuba to protect American business interests. Cuba drafted a constitution in 1900 that did not allow for U.S. involvement. The U.S. government only agreed to remove its troops if Cuba included the Platt Amendment. The Platt Amendment remained in place until 1934. It allowed for U.S. naval bases on the island and intervention whenever necessary. Under the Platt Agreement, Cuba could not have any foreign agreements. 16. What were the Teller and Platt Amendments? Teller Amendment - an amendment to the U.S. declaration of war against Spain which proclaimed that the United States would not establish permanent control over Cuba. Platt Amendment - It allowed the United States "the right to intervene for the preservation of Cuban independence, the maintenance of a government adequate for the protection of life, property, and individual liberty..."
New Challenges After the War The United States and Puerto Rico The United States received military control of Puerto Rico from Spain in the Treaty of Paris. In 1900 the US removes military control and establishes a civil government, still under US control 17. The United States passed the Jones Act in 1917 to attempt to stop a movement for Puerto Rican independence. What did the Jones Act do in Puerto Rico? This law gave Puerto Ricans U.S. citizenship. The Jones Act separated the Executive, Judicial, and Legislative branches of Puerto Rican government, provided civil rights to the individual, and created a locally elected bicameral legislature.
New Challenges After the War 18. Examine the map of US acquisitions and annexations. Why were so many new possessions located in the Pacific Ocean?
Bonus Question What disease caused more American casualties in Cuba than the Spanish bullets? Who led the battle against it, and what were the symptoms? How did the doctor discover the cause of the disease? Yellow Fever Walter Reed Mosquitoes
Closing Question Given what you have read on the web sites provided, do you think that American foreign policy changed between 1898 and 1903? If so, how?